Doom metal#Epic doom

The electric guitar, bass guitar, and drum kit are the most common instruments used to play doom metal (although keyboards are sometimes used), but its structures are rooted in the same scales as in blues. Guitarists and bassists often down tune their instruments to very low notes and make use of large amounts of distortion, thus producing a very "thick" or "heavy" guitar tone, which is one of the defining characteristics of the genre.{{cite thesis |last=Piper |first=Jonathan |date=2013 |title=Locating experiential richness in doom metal |type=PhD |institution= University of California, San Diego |series= UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s |access-date=14 September 2019}} Along with the usual heavy metal compositional technique of guitars and bass playing the same riff in unison, this creates a loud and bass-heavy wall of sound. Another defining characteristic is the consistent focus on slow tempos, and minor tonality with much use of dissonance (especially in the form of the tritone), employing the usage of repetitive rhythms with little regard to harmonic progression and musical structure.

Traditional doom metal vocalists favor clean vocals, which are often performed with a sense of despair, desperation, or pain; imitating the high-tone wails of Ozzy Osbourne (Black Sabbath), Frank Ferrara (Bang), Bobby Liebling (Pentagram), and Zeeb Parkes (Witchfinder General). So-called "epic doom" vocalists often take it a step further, singing in an operatic style. Doom metal bands influenced by other extreme metal genres often use growled or screamed vocals, as is the case of death-doom, black-doom, and funeral doom.

Lyrics in doom metal play a key role. Influenced by notable blues musicians like Robert Johnson and Son House, normally they are gloomy and pessimistic, including themes such as suffering, depression, fear, grief, dread, death, and anger. While some bands write lyrics in introspective and personal ways, others convey their themes using symbolism – which may be inspired by occult arts and literature.

Some doom metal bands use religious themes in their music. Trouble, one of the genre's pioneers, were among the first to incorporate Christian imagery. Others have incorporated occult and pagan imagery.{{cite web | url=https://www.masterclass.com/articles/doom-metal-music-guide | title=Doom Metal Music Guide: 11 Doom Metal Bands |quote=Doom metal lyrics often describe paranoia, despair, political upheaval, and depression. They sometimes touch on witchcraft and pagan themes as well.}} For many bands, the use of religious themes is for aesthetic and symbolic purposes only. Examples include lyrics/imagery about the Last Judgment to invoke dread, or the use of crucifixes and cross-shaped headstones to symbolize death.

Furthermore, some doom metal bands write lyrics about drugs or drug addiction. This is most common among stoner doom bands, who often describe hallucinogenic or psychedelic experiences.

File:Iommi at the Forum.jpg's guitar style greatly influenced and defined doom metal.]]

The first traces of doom in rock music could be heard as far back as the Beatles' 1969 track "I Want You (She's So Heavy)".Classic Rock Magazine, September 2014{{cite web|last1=Hart|first1=Josh|last2=Fanelli|first2=Damian|date=11 October 2015|title=The 50 Heaviest Songs Before Black Sabbath: #40-31|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/features/50-heaviest-songs-black-sabbath-40-31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202901/https://www.guitarworld.com/features/50-heaviest-songs-black-sabbath-40-31|archive-date=24 April 2018|work=Guitar World}} Black Sabbath are generally regarded as the progenitors of doom metal. Black Sabbath's music is (in and of) itself stylistically rooted in blues, but with the deliberately doomy and loud guitar playing of Tony Iommi, and the then-uncommon dark and pessimistic lyrics and atmosphere, they set the standards of early heavy metal and inspired various doom metal bands. In the early 1970s, both Black Sabbath and Pentagram (also as side band "Bedemon") composed and performed this heavy and dark music, which would in the 1980s begin to be known and referred to as doom metal by subsequent musicians, critics and fans. Joe Hasselvander, Pentagram's drummer also cited bands like Black Widow, Toe Fat, Iron Claw, Night Sun, and Zior as pioneers of the doom metal sound.{{cite book |last1=Wiederhorn |first1=Jon |url=https://archive.org/details/louderthanhellde00wied |title=Louder Than Hell: The Definitive Oral History of Metal |last2=Turman |first2=Katherine |publisher=itbooks |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-06-195828-1 |location=New York |pages=103 |type=loan required |name-list-style=amp |via=the Internet Archive}}

Aside from Pentagram and Black Sabbath, other groups from the 1970s would heavily influence the genre's development. Blue Cheer is often hailed as one of the first stoner metal bands. Through the use of loud amplifiers and guitar feedback, their debut Vincebus Eruptum created a template for other artists to follow.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2006/06/21/run-for-your-lives-blue-cheer-at-cbgbs/ |title=Music News, Videos, Photos, Artists, Playlists and More |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=21 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508144856/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2006/06/21/run-for-your-lives-blue-cheer-at-cbgbs/ |archive-date=8 May 2009 }} Uriah Heep released "Demons and Wizards" album include "Easy Living" in 1972.{{cite web |url=http://www.uriah-heep.com/newa/heepstory5.php |title=Uriah Heep The Story: February 1972 – February 1975 |first= Kirk | last= Blows |publisher=Uriah Heep Official Website | access-date=7 February 2025 }} Though lacking the pessimistic lyrical content of their contemporaries, Welsh heavy metal band Budgie would also produce heavy songs which were amongst the loudest of their day, stylistically influencing various doom metal acts.{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/budgie-p12471/biography |title=Budgie |work=AllMusic |access-date=10 December 2012}} Led Zeppelin's No Quarter is considered as one of the earliest examples of a doom metal song made by a rock band.{{cite web|url=http://www.popmatters.com/post/168442-the-album-remains-the-same-led-zeppelin-no-quarter|title=The Album Remains the Same: Led Zeppelin - "No Quarter"|date=18 February 2015|access-date=19 January 2016|first1=Brice|last1=Ezell|work=PopMatters}} Early doom metal was also influenced by Japanese psychedelic rock albums, such as Kuni Kawachi & Friends' Kirikyogen and Flower Travellin' Band's Satori.{{cite web| title = Review: Flower Travellin Band – Satori| work = Sputnikmusic| url = https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/56820/Flower-Travellin-Band-Satori/| access-date = 6 February 2016}} Bang's 1971 self-titled debut is considered an important forerunner to doom metal.{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bang-mn0000786623 |title=Bang |website=AllMusic |access-date=10 December 2012}}{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/u-s-70s-proto-metal-power-trio-bang-returns/ |title=U.S. '70s Proto-Metal Power Trio Bang Returns |date=6 January 2014 |website=Blabbermouth.net |access-date=1 August 2019}} Other notable groups include Sir Lord Baltimore,{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sir-lord-baltimore-p20555/biography |title=Sir Lord Baltimore |website=AllMusic |access-date=10 December 2012}} Buffalo,{{cite web |url=http://www.heavyplanet.net/2008/07/album-of-day-buffalo-volcanic-rock-1973.html |title=Heavy Planet Stoner Rock Blog: Album Of The Day-Buffalo-Volcanic Rock (1973) |access-date=10 December 2012}} Necromandus,Christe (2003), pg. 345, "Beginning with the overlooked Lucifer's Friend and Necromandus in the early 1970s, doom crawled through the 1980s with Trouble, Witchfinder General, the Obsessed, Candlemass, Pentagram, and Saint Vitus, then into the 1990s with Cathedral, Sleep, and Burning Witch." Lucifer's Friend, and Leaf Hound.^ Sleazegrinder (March 2007). "The Lost Pioneers of Heavy Metal". Classic Rock.

During the early-mid-1980s, bands from England and the United States contributed much to the formation of doom metal as a distinct genre. In 1982, English pioneers Witchfinder General released their debut album Death Penalty. During 1984, two American pioneers also released their debuts—Saint Vitus released their eponymous album and Trouble released Psalm 9. That same year, American band Cirith Ungol (formed in 1971) released their second studio album, King of the Dead—regarded by many as an early influence on doom.{{cite web | url = https://consequenceofsound.net/2019/03/northwest-terror-fest-2019-lineup/ | title = Northwest Terror Fest 2019 lineup: Pig Destroyer, Wolfbrigade, Cirith Ungol, and more to crush Seattle | access-date = 30 March 2019 | last = Kaufman | first = Spencer | work = Consequence of Sound | date = March 2019 }}{{cite web | url = https://www.vcreporter.com/2018/10/out-with-a-bang-robert-garven-and-jarvis-leatherby-talk-frost-and-fire-iv-before-the-metalfest-takes-its-final-bow/ | title = OUT WITH A BANG | Robert Garven and Jarvis Leatherby talk Frost and Fire IV before the metalfest takes its final bow | access-date = 30 March 2019 | last = Lackey Shaffer | first = Nancy D. | work = Ventura County Reporter | date = 4 October 2018 }} The following year, American band Pentagram would go on to release their debut, Relentless. The Swedish Candlemass would also prove influential with their first record Epicus Doomicus Metallicus in 1986, from which epic doom metal takes its name.{{cite web |last1=Ludwig |first1=Jamie |title=Swedish doom-metal pioneers Candlemass celebrate their epic sounds in Chicago |url=https://chicagoreader.com/music/swedish-doom-metal-pioneers-candlemass/ |website=Chicago Reader |date=18 April 2022 |access-date=21 December 2023}}

Some doom metal bands were also influenced by the underground gothic rock and post-punk scene of the 1980s, showing similarities with the dark themes addressed through lyrics and the atmosphere both music styles deal with. A doom metal band like Mindrot was often described as a cross-over between death metal and gothic rock.

Like other extreme metal genres, doom metal also has regionally based scenes, with their own particular characteristics:

In one of the greatest doom metal outputs, Finnish groups focus more on the depressive mood of the genre, evoking an intense grieving feeling.{{cite web |url=http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137 |title=Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005) |work=Metal Storm |author=DerRozzengarten |access-date= 6 January 2013}} The bands play with very slow tempos and melodic tones, creating an atmosphere of darkness and melancholia.{{cite web |url=http://themoscownews.com/arts/20110324/188521655.html |title=Russian doom, Finnish-style |work=The Moscow News |author=Vladimir Kozlov |access-date=6 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110202504/http://themoscownews.com/arts/20110324/188521655.html |archive-date=10 January 2014 }} This scene was kick-started by the band Rigor Mortis (which, due to an older US band with the same name, changed their name to Spiritus Mortis), which originated in 1987.{{cite web |url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/alavus/spiritus+mortis |title=SPIRITUS MORTIS |work=MusicMight |author=DerRozzengarten |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110201441/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/alavus/spiritus+mortis |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.femforgacs.hu/interju/473/Spiritus_Mortis_interview |title=Spiritus Mortis interview |work=Fémforgács |date=6 October 2009 |access-date= 6 January 2013}} Notable bands include Reverend Bizarre,{{cite web |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/bestfinnishmetalbands.htm |title=Best Finnish Heavy Metal Bands |work=About.com |author=Marsicano, Dan |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-date=24 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524115212/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/bestfinnishmetalbands.htm |url-status=dead }} Minotauri, Dolorian, Shape of Despair, Thergothon, Skepticism, and Unholy.{{cite web |url=http://www.peaceville.com/news/?date=2011-08 |title=The Second Ring of Power – CD&DVD edition coming in October |work=Peaceville Records's Official site |access-date= 6 January 2013}}

{{See also|Music of New Orleans#Heavy metal}}

Regarded as sludge metal's birthplace by AllMusic, this scene originated in New Orleans in the late 1980s.{{cite web|url=http://bestofneworleans.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A50520|title=Axe to Grind: Heavy Metal in New Orleans|work=BestofNewOrleans.com|author=Fensterstock, Alison|access-date=19 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725040040/http://bestofneworleans.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A50520|archive-date=25 July 2010|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p38682/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Eyehategod biography|work=AllMusic|author=Huey, Steve|access-date= 28 June 2009}}{{cite web |title=Exhorder|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p12897|pure_url=yes}}|work=AllMusic|author=Torreano, Bradley|access-date= 28 June 2009}} The bands of this scene employ some punk influences, like harsh vocals, guitar distortion and downtuned sound.{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r175541|pure_url=yes}} |title=Eyehategod – In the Name of Suffering |author=York, William |work=AllMusic |access-date=28 June 2009}}{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r266992|pure_url=yes}} |title=Eyehategod – Take as Needed for Pain |author=York, William |work=AllMusic |access-date=28 June 2009}} This scene was pioneered by Exhorder, who was the first band to combine doom metal with a punk-influenced metal sound. In the 90s, several sludge and stoner metal bands arose in the state, mainly influenced by bands like Black Sabbath and Melvins, also mixing their sound with genres like hardcore punk and Southern rock.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p168208/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Down biography|work=AllMusic|author=Prato, Greg|access-date= 28 June 2009}}{{cite web |title=Soilent Green biography|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p206627/biography|pure_url=yes}}|work=AllMusic|author=York, William|access-date= 28 June 2009}} Notable bands include Eyehategod, Down Exhorder, Crowbar, and Acid Bath."Modern hardcore music scene". Metalhammer magazine No.32.Mahoney, Steve (30 March 1995). [http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&p_theme=mwsb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB828D4BAF75B4C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Acid Bath's not famous but it is one hot band"]. jsonline.com, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

{{See also|Music of Maryland#Popular music}}

This scene formed in the early 1970s and was kickstarted by Pentagram and the Obsessed.{{cite web |url=http://www.metal-invader.com/db/reviews-1194.html |title=Review: V/A – Doom Capital Maryland / DC |work=Metal Invader |last=Pamfilos |first=Themis |url-status=dead |date=23 July 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110034624/http://www.metal-invader.com/db/reviews-1194.html |archive-date=10 November 2006 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/doom-capital-maryland-dc-heavy-rock-underground-mw0000209044 |title=Doom Capital: Maryland DC Heavy Rock Underground |last=Henderson |first=Alex |work=AllMusic |access-date=22 May 2013}} Various doom/stoner bands, mostly from Washington, D.C. and its metropolitan area on Maryland and Virginia (thus also being labelled "Maryland doom sound"), formed in this region being heavily influenced by early hard rock and heavy metal bands, like UFO, Blue Cheer, Black Sabbath, Uriah Heep and Sir Lord Baltimore.{{cite web |url=http://www.farmageddonrecordsmusicfestival.com/artists/pentagram.html |title=Pentagram |author=Tschetter, Michelle |work=Farmageddon Records |access-date=23 May 2013 |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319073512/http://www.farmageddonrecordsmusicfestival.com/artists/pentagram.html |url-status=dead }} This scene is also known as "Hellhound sound" for being closely related to the late Hellhound Records, who signed with many important bands of the scene like Saint Vitus,{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/artsdesk/music/2010/11/01/for-northern-virginia-metal-band-salome-not-all-hope-lies-in-doom/ |title=For Northern Virginia Metal Band Salome, Not All Hope Lies in Doom |author=Brandon, Wu |work=Washington City Paper |date=November 2010 |access-date=23 May 2013}}{{Cite news|url=http://theobelisk.net/obelisk/tag/hellhound-records/|title=Hellhound Records Archives – The Obelisk|website=The Obelisk|language=en-US|access-date=19 April 2018}} Internal Void, Iron Man, Revelation, Wretched and Unorthodox. Other notable bands include Evoken,{{cite web |url=http://rockshowmagazine.com/v2i3/bios/evoken.html |title=New Jersey Doom Metal |work=Rock Show Magazine |access-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125081047/http://www.rockshowmagazine.com/v2i3/bios/evoken.html |archive-date=25 January 2014 |url-status=dead }} Spirit Caravan, Earthride, and the Hidden Hand.

The Pacific Northwest region – primarily Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia – has been host to a growing scene of doom, sludge,{{cite magazine|date=September 2009|title=Sludge Special - Part 2|magazine=Terrorizer|issue=188|pages=40–57|issn=1350-6978}} and stoner metal{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/08/09/139239063/the-mix-a-pacific-northwest-metal-goldmine|title=The Mix: A Pacific Northwest Metal Goldmine|newspaper=NPR|date=10 August 2011|last1=Levin|first1=Hannah}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cvltnation.com/crushing-cascadia-earworthy-metal-of-the-pacific-northwest|title=Crushing Cascadia: Earworthy Metal of the Pacific Northwest -|date=28 January 2013|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615024101/http://www.cvltnation.com/crushing-cascadia-earworthy-metal-of-the-pacific-northwest/|archive-date=15 June 2015|url-status=dead}} since the 1990s. It is influenced by the geographical origin of grunge music and a sound pioneered in part by the Washington band Melvins.{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal|last1=Bukszpan|first1=Daniel|publisher=Sterling, New York|year=2012|pages=192–193|isbn=978-1402792304|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=WiQKuAAACAAJ|page=192}}}} Common visual themes include the region's cold, rainy, forested climate, and many bands utilize psychedelic imagery influenced by bands like Sleep, Karp and Harkonen. Musical styles often share crossover features with atmospheric/ambient black metal, drone metal, and post-metal as seen in Oregon's YOB, Agalloch, Witch Mountain, and Red Fang; Washington's Earth, and Sunn O))); and Vancouver's Anciients, Astrakhan,{{cite web|url=https://astrakhanofficial.bandcamp.com|title=Reward in Purpose, by Astrakhan}} and Aaron Turner project Sumac, among various others.

{{main|Palm Desert Scene}}

Palm Desert, California, hosts a thriving desert rock and stoner metal scene, drawing heavy influences from psychedelia, blues and hardcore punk, often featuring distinctive repetitive drum beats, a propensity for free-form jamming, and "trance-like" or "sludgy" grooves.{{cite web|last1=Vanhorn|first1=Teri|title=Queens Of The Stone Age At Home In Desert|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/503529/queens-of-the-stone-age-at-home-in-desert/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102105829/http://www.mtv.com/news/503529/queens-of-the-stone-age-at-home-in-desert/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2015|website=mtv.com|publisher=MTV|access-date=22 December 2014}}{{cite web|last1=Prato|first1=Greg|title=Normadic Pursuits – Yawning Man|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/nomadic-pursuits-mw0002024035|website=AllMusic |access-date=18 December 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/westcoastsound/2014/10/22/queens-of-the-stone-ages-josh-homme-is-our-last-real-rock-star?page=3|title=Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme Is Our Last Real Rock Star|author=Steve Appleford|date=22 October 2014|work=L.A. Weekly}} Because of their integration, the term "stoner rock" is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "desert rock".{{cite news | title= News: StonerRock.com and MeteorCity Part Ways | url= http://www.bravewords.com/news/13824 | publisher= Bravewords.com | date= 19 May 2004 | access-date= 26 August 2011 | archive-date= 9 October 2012 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121009112910/http://www.bravewords.com/news/13824 | url-status= dead }} Notable bands include Kyuss,{{Citation | last = Morris | first = Chris | title = Kyuss lands on its feet and keeps climbing | newspaper =Billboard | page =1 | date =15 January 1994}}{{cite web|last1=Lynskey|first1=Dorian|title=Kyuss: Kings of the stoner age|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/25/kyuss-stoner-queens-stone-age|work=The Guardian|date=25 March 2011|access-date=18 December 2014}} Queens of the Stone Age, Dali's Llama,{{cite news|last1=Fessier|first1=Bruce|title=Zach Huskey offering variety show of desert sound|url=http://www.desertsun.com/story/life/entertainment/music/2014/06/30/zach-huskey-hick-ups-dunebilly/11817963/|newspaper=The Desert Sun|date=30 June 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402224524/http://www.desertsun.com/story/life/entertainment/music/2014/06/30/zach-huskey-hick-ups-dunebilly/11817963/|archive-date=2 April 2015}} Slo Burn,[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/slo-burn-mn0001625569#wre "Slo Burn"]. allmusic.com. Retrieved on 5 October 2013. and Brant Bjork.{{cite magazine|title=10 Essential Stoner Rock Albums|url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-10-16/10-essential-stoner-rock-albums|last=Dome|first=Malcolm|magazine=Metal Hammer|date=16 October 2016|access-date=21 May 2017|archive-date=8 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231148/http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-10-16/10-essential-stoner-rock-albums|url-status=dead}}

Black-doom, also known as blackened doom, is a style that combines the slowness and thicker, bassier sound of doom metal with the shrieking vocals and heavily distorted guitar sound of black metal.{{cite thesis |last=Ebner |first=Arne |date=25 July 2010 |title=Ästhetik des Doom |type=Bachelor |institution=Macromedia University of Applied Sciences for Media and Communication – Cologne |url=http://doom.resettheworld.com/aesthetik_des_doom_arne_ebner_40mb.pdf |access-date=18 August 2018 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075156/http://doom.resettheworld.com/aesthetik_des_doom_arne_ebner_40mb.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |author=Newshound, Terrorizer |title=ITALIAN BLACKENED DOOMSTERS FORGOTTEN TOMB PLAN RELEASE |url=http://truecultheavymetal.com/blog1.php/2010/09/23/italian-blackened-doomsters-forbidden-tomb-plan-release |publisher=Terrorizer Online |access-date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801205533/http://www.terrorizer.com/blog1.php/2010/09/23/italian-blackened-doomsters-forbidden-tomb-plan-release |archive-date=1 August 2014 |url-status=usurped }}{{cite web |author=Marsicano, Dan |title=Ordo Obsidium – Orbis Tertius Review |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/ordoobsidium/fr/Ordo-Obsidium-Orbis-Tertius-Review.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324005658/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/ordoobsidium/fr/Ordo-Obsidium-Orbis-Tertius-Review.htm |archive-date=24 March 2012 }} Black-doom bands maintain the Satanic ideology associated with black metal, while melding it with moodier themes more related to doom metal, like depression, nihilism, and nature. They also use the slower pace of doom metal in order to emphasize the harsh atmosphere present in black metal. Examples of black-doom bands include Barathrum,{{cite web |url=http://tiira.cedunet.com/~ilwakka/barathrum/reviews.html |title=Reviews |access-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990128010428/http://tiira.cedunet.com/~ilwakka/barathrum/reviews.html |archive-date=28 January 1999 }} Forgotten Tomb, Woods of Ypres,{{cite web |author=Newshound, Terrorizer |title=WOODS OF YPRES RELEASE DISCUSS THE GREEN ALBUM |url=http://truecultheavymetal.com/blog1.php/2011/03/21/woods-of-ypres-release-discuss-the-green-album |publisher=Terrorizer Online |access-date=29 January 2009 |archive-date=7 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107163153/http://www.terrorizer.com/blog1.php/2011/03/21/woods-of-ypres-release-discuss-the-green-album |url-status=usurped }} Deinonychus,{{cite news |title=DEINONYCHUS: 'You Will Get A Pure Black/Doom Metal Album' |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/deinonychus-you-will-get-a-pure-black-doom-metal-album/ |work=Blabbermouth |access-date=8 January 2018}} Shining,{{cite book|last=Patterson|first=Dayal|title=Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult|year=2013|publisher=Feral House|isbn=978-1936239757|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kIxCgAAQBAJ|access-date=1 August 2018}} Nortt,{{cite web |title=Nortt – Endeligt Review|last=Obstkrieg|first=Dan|date=12 January 2018|url=https://yourlastrites.com/2018/01/12/nortt-endeligt-review/ |publisher=Last Rites|access-date=1 August 2018}} Bethlehem,{{cite web |title=BETHLEHEM REPLACE LIFELOVER ON BILL FOR KINGS OF BLACK METAL FESTIVAL|url=http://bravewords.com/news/bethlehem-replace-lifelover-on-bill-for-kings-of-black-metal-festival|publisher=Brave Words|access-date=1 August 2018}} early Katatonia,{{cite web |title=Katatonia: 'Brave Murder Day' |url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/hall-of-fame/katatonia/ |work=Decibel Magazine |access-date=27 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709015700/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/hall-of-fame/katatonia/ |archive-date=9 July 2012 }} Tiamat, Dolorian, October Tide, and In the Woods...

Pioneered by black-doom bands like Ophthalamia, Katatonia, Bethlehem, Forgotten Tomb, and Shining, depressive suicidal black metal, also known as suicidal black metal, depressive black metal, or DSBM, is a style that melds the second wave-style of black metal with doom metal,{{cite thesis |last=Yavuz |first=Mehmet Selim |date=September 2015 |title=Dead is dead: Perspectives on the Meaning of Death in Depressive Suicidal Black Metal Music through Musical Representations |type=MMus |institution=Royal Holloway, University of London |url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/objects/hc:12942/datastreams/CONTENT/content |doi=10.17613/M67D4Z |access-date=18 August 2018}} with lyrics revolving around themes such as depression, self-harm, misanthrophy, suicide, and death.{{cite journal|last1=Sil|first1=Janet|editor1-last=Ishmael|editor1-first=Amelia|editor2-last=Price|editor2-first=Zareen|editor3-last=Stephanou|editor3-first=Aspasia|editor4-last=Woodward|editor4-first=Ben|title=Open a Vein: Suicidal Black Metal and Enlightenment|journal=Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory|date=2013|issue=1|pages=5–19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNR9GGaUkTQC&pg=PA5|publisher=Punctum Books|location=Brooklyn|isbn=9780615758282|issn=2326-683X}}{{cite book|last1=Patterson|first1=Dayal|title=Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult|date=2013|publisher=Feral House|location=Port Townsend|isbn=9781936239757|page=351|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kIxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA351}} DSBM bands draw the lo-fi recording and highly distorted guitars of black metal, while employing the usage of acoustic instruments and non-distorted electric guitar's timbres present in doom metal, interchanging the slower, doom-like, sections with faster tremolo picking. Vocals are usually high-pitched like in black metal, but lacking of energy, simulating feelings like hopelessness, desperation, and plea. The presence of one-man bands is more prominent in this genre compared to others. Examples of bands include Xasthur,{{cite web|last1=Luedtke|first1=Christopher|title=Essential Black Metal Listening: XASTHUR Nocturnal Poisoning|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/black-metal-chronicles/black-metal-listening/essential-black-metal-listening-xasthur-nocturnal-poisoning|website=Metal Injection|access-date=12 June 2017|date=2 February 2016}} Leviathan, Strid, Silencer, Make a Change... Kill Yourself, and I Shalt Become.

Blackened death-doom is a genre that combines the slow tempos and monolithic drumming of doom metal, the complex and loud riffage of death metal and the shrieking vocals of black metal.{{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=Kim |author-link=Kim Kelly (journalist) |title=Morast Expertly Synthesize Black, Death, and Doom Metal on 'Ancestral Void' |url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/aepy85/morast-expertly-synthesize-black-death-and-doom-metal-on-ancestral-void |website=Noisey Vice |date=March 29, 2017 |access-date=August 18, 2018}} Examples of blackened death-doom bands include Morast, Faustcoven, the Ruins of Beverast, Bolzer, Necros Christos, Harvest Gulgaltha,{{cite web |last1=Mattia |first1=A. |title=DON'T LOOK BELOW: HARVEST GULGALTHA – 'ALTARS OF DEVOTION' REVIEW + STREAM |url=https://www.cvltnation.com/dont-look-below-harvest-gulgaltha-altars-of-devotion-review-stream/ |website=Cvlt Nation |date=7 February 2017 |access-date=18 August 2018}} Dragged into Sunlight,{{cite web |last1=Falzon |first1=Denise |title=Dragged Into Sunlight 'Widowmaker' (album stream) |url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/dragged_into_sunlight-widowmaker_album_stream |website=Exclaim! |date=31 October 2012 |access-date=18 August 2018}} Hands of Thieves,{{cite web |last1=Moore |first1=Doug |title=The Black Market: The Month In Metal – August 2016 |url=https://www.stereogum.com/1896781/the-black-market-the-month-in-metal-august-2016/franchises/the-black-market/ |website=Stereogum |date=31 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2018}} and Soulburn.{{cite web |last1=Whelan |first1=Kez |title=Soulburn: Band Of The Day |url=http://www.terrorizer.com/news/botd/soulburn-band-day/ |website=Terrorizer |date=11 June 2014 |access-date=18 August 2018}} Kim Kelly, journalist from Vice, has called Faustcoven as "one of the finest bands to ever successfully meld black, death, and doom metal into a cohesive, legible whole."

{{Main|Death-doom}}

File:My Dying Bride 44.jpg at Frozen Rock Festival 2007]]

Death-doom is a style that combines the slow tempos and pessimistic atmosphere of doom metal with the deep growling vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal."Doom Metal Special: Doom/Death", Terrorizer #142. Influenced mostly by the early work of Hellhammer and Celtic Frost, the style emerged during the late 1980s and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s. Death-doom was pioneered by bands such as Winter,{{cite book |last=Purcell |first=Nathalie J. |title=Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2003 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZErQs5hCUQC |isbn=0-7864-1585-1}} Disembowelment, Paradise Lost, Autopsy, Anathema, My Dying Bride and Novembers Doom.{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/novembers-doom-mn0000458812/biography|title=Novembers Doom Biography, Songs, & Albums|website=AllMusic}}

{{Main|Funeral doom}}

Funeral doom is a genre that crosses death-doom with funeral dirge music.{{cite news |author=Davis, Cody |title=Funeral Doom Friday: FUNERAL MOURNING's Blackened, Deadly Inertia of Dissonance (A Sermon in Finality) |url=http://www.metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/funeral-mournings-blackened-deadly-inertia-of-dissonance-a-sermon-in-finality |work=Metal Injection |access-date=29 July 2018}} It is played at an extremely slow tempo, and places an emphasis on evoking a sense of emptiness and despair. Typically, electric guitars are heavily distorted and dark ambient aspects such as keyboards or synthesizers are often used to create a "dreamlike" atmosphere. Vocals consist of mournful chants or growls and are often in the background. Funeral doom was pioneered by Mournful Congregation,{{cite web |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20121126213400/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/122322/20121127-0834/www.voltagemedia.com.au/news/2011/07/27/mournful-congregation-unspoken-hymns.html |url=http://www.voltagemedia.com.au/news/2011/07/27/mournful-congregation-unspoken-hymns.html |title=Mournful Congregation – The Unspoken Hymns |last=Bloodaxe |first=Mathias |work=VoltageMedia |archive-date=26 November 2012 |date=27 July 2011 |access-date=24 August 2017}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Esoteric, Evoken, Funeral, Thergothon,Hinchcliffe, James (April 2006). "Funeral Doom / Dron Doom: Hearse Play", Terrorizer #143, pp.44–45. and Skepticism.James Minton, Kim Kelly, and Jenn Selby, "Filth Parade", Terrorizer #188, September 2009, p. 56.

File:Sunno)))cloaks.jpg performing live]]

{{Main|Drone metal}}

Drone metal (also known as drone doom) is a style of doom metal that is largely defined by drones; notes or chords that are sustained and repeated throughout a piece of music.John Wray, "Heady Metal", New York Times, 28 May 2006. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/28/magazine/28artmetal.html?pagewanted=all] Access date: 18 August 2008.Jan Tumlir, "Primal dirge", Artforum, April 2006. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_8_44/ai_n18764233] Access date: 22 August 2008.Brandon Stosuy, "Heavy Metal: It's Alive and Flourishing", Slate, 19 August 2005. [http://www.slate.com/id/2124692/] Access date: 22 August 2008. Typically, the electric guitar is performed with large amounts of reverb and feedback while lacking the presence of drums and vocals.{{cite thesis |last=Burke |first=David |title=Political Expression in Doom Metal |url=https://www.academia.edu/37823045 |date=2018 |type=MA |institution=University of Southampton |access-date=24 December 2020}} Songs are often very long and lack beat or rhythm in the traditional sense. Drone metal is generally influenced by drone music, noise music, and minimalist music. The style emerged in the early 1990s and was pioneered by Earth,Jason Jackowiak, [http://www.splendidezine.com/review.html?reviewid=1125311580560974 "Earth: Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927052955/http://www.splendidezine.com/review.html?reviewid=1125311580560974 |date=27 September 2008 }}, Splendid, 14 September 2005. Access date: 23 August 2008. Boris, and Sunn O))).

Epic doom has a heavy classical influence. One of the main characteristics are the vocals; vocalists typically employ clean, operatic, and choral singing, accompanied by keyboarding and drumming performed in a bombastic fashion in order to evoke an "epic" sensation.{{cite web |author=Hayes, Craig |title=Witch Mountain – Cauldron Of The Wild Review |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/witchmountain/fr/Witch-Mountain-Cauldron-Of-The-Wild-Review.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=6 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609083852/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/witchmountain/fr/Witch-Mountain-Cauldron-Of-The-Wild-Review.htm |archive-date=9 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |author=Henderson, Alex |title=Fear of Infinity |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/fear-of-infinity-mw0002121528 |website=AllMusic |access-date=6 June 2012}} Lyrics and imagery are typically inspired by fantasy or mythology. Examples of prominent epic doom bands include Candlemass,{{cite web |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |title=Candlemass |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/candlemass-mn0000648407 |website=AllMusic |access-date=6 June 2012}} Solitude Aeturnus,Santos, José Carlos (2012). "Epicus Doomicus Metallicus". In Terrorizer{{'}}s Secret History of Doom Metal, pp. 60–62, {{ISSN|2041-2142}} Solstice,{{cite web |last1=VIRTANEN |first1=MIIKA |title=SOLSTICE ANNOUNCE NEW VOCALIST |url=http://www.ztmag.com/blog/news/solstice-announce-new-vocalist/ |website=Zero Tolerance |date=27 June 2011 |access-date=22 July 2018}} While Heaven Wept, and Doomsword.{{cite web |title=DOOMSWORD To Release New Album In June |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/doomsword-to-release-new-album-in-june/ |website=Blabbermouth |access-date=12 August 2018 |date=1 May 2007}}

Gothic-doom, also known as doom-gothic, is a style that combines more traditional elements of doom metal with gothic rock.{{cite web |title=Doom-gothic metal – its perception and interpretation by fans |author1=Sauciuc, Gabriela |author2=Talpalariu, Dan-Radu |url=http://www.limbistraine.com/ro/cercetare/Gabriela-Sauciuc/doom-metal-en.html |work=limbistraine.com |access-date=11 August 2018}}{{cite web |title=THE FORESHADOWING CRAFT GOTHIC DOOM MASTERPIECES |author=Ramirez, Carlos |url=http://noisecreep.com/the-foreshadowing-band/ |work=Noise Creep |access-date=11 August 2018 |date=12 October 2012}} Gothic-doom bands usually play at slow and mid-tempos and employ the usage of instruments that are more related to classical music, alongside traditional doom metal instruments, in order to create darker and meditative atmospheres. Doom-gothic lyrics combines the dramatic and romantic elements of gothic rock with the sorrowness and melancholy present in doom metal, while being more introspective and focused on personal experiences such as love, grief, irreparable loss, loss of faith, etc. Unlike in gothic metal and death-doom, gothic-doom bands prefer the use of cleaner vocals instead of employing death growls, although some of them employ harsher vocals occasionally, and avoid the usage of death metal-like riffage. Bands labelled as gothic-doom include Weeping Silence,{{cite web |title=Singing In A Gothic-Doom Metal Band |url=http://www.voicecouncil.com/singing-in-a-gothic-doom-metal-band/ |work=Voice Council Magazine |access-date=11 August 2018 |date=5 June 2016}} the Foreshadowing, Grave Lines,{{cite web |author=Kelly, Kim |title=Grave Lines Blur the Boundary Between Doom Metal and Gothic Folk |url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/vbxwvd/grave-lines-blur-the-boundary-between-doom-metal-and-gothic-folk |work=Noisey Vice |access-date=11 August 2018 |date=30 April 2018}} Artrosis,{{cite web |author=Arancio, Dennis |title=In the Flowers Shade Review |url=http://www.soniccathedral.com/webzine/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=35 |publisher=Soniccathedral.com |access-date=6 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225134611/http://www.soniccathedral.com/webzine/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=35 |archive-date=25 December 2008 }} Ava Inferi,{{cite web |author=van der Wal, Kim |title=The Silhouette Review |url=http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showreview.php?id=10577&lang=en |publisher=Lordsofmetal.nl |access-date=6 May 2008}} Draconian,{{cite web |author=Fox, Erin |title=Interview with Anders Jacobsson of Draconian |url=http://www.thegauntlet.com/interviews/1064/Draconian.html |publisher=Thegauntlet.com |access-date=6 May 2008}} and Type O Negative.{{cite web |last=Pratt |first=Greg |date=15 April 2010 |title=Type O Negative's Peter Steele Dies at 48 |website=Exclaim! |url=http://exclaim.ca/News/Type_O_Negatives_Peter_Steele_Dies_at_48 |access-date=26 October 2013}}

Progressive doom is a fusion genre that combines elements of progressive metal and doom metal.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-9-albums-that-inspired-king-goats-progressive-doom-sound|title=The 9 albums that inspired King Goat's progressive doom sound|magazine=Metal Hammer}} Notable bands include King Goat, Below the Sun,{{cite web|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2017/05/23/full-album-stream-below-the-sun-alien-world/|title=Full Album Stream: Below The Sun|date=23 May 2017|publisher=Decibel Magazine}} Sierra,{{cite web|url=https://www.axs.com/canada-s-purveyors-of-progressive-doom-metal-issue-new-video-77344|title=Canada's purveyors of progressive doom metal issue new video|publisher=AXS}} Oceans of Slumber,{{cite web|url=https://www.pitchfork.com/thepitch/6-new-metal-albums-that-set-a-strong-mood/amp/|title=6 New Metal Albums That Set a Strong Mood|website=Pitchfork|date=30 March 2018 }} and Green Carnation.[https://www.blabbermouth.net/cdreviews/leaves-of-yesteryear/ Blabbermouth.net Review]

{{Main|Sludge metal}}

Sludge metal (also known as sludge doom{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rollingstone.de/das-archiv/article237260/print/emotionen-in-zeitlupe.html|title=Emotionen in Zeitlupe |author1=Zahn, Thorsten |author2=Schurer, Petra |magazine=Rolling Stone|date=1 June 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112141913/http://www.rollingstone.de/das-archiv/article237260/print/emotionen-in-zeitlupe.html|archive-date=12 November 2014|access-date=18 August 2018|language=de}}) is a style that combines doom metal and hardcore punk. Many sludge bands compose slow and heavy songs that contain brief hardcore passages.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p12635|pure_url=yes}} |title=Crowbar |author=Huey, Steve |work=AllMusic |access-date=21 July 2008}} However, some bands emphasise fast tempos throughout their music.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p37696|pure_url=yes}} |title=Buzzov*en |author=York, William |work=AllMusic |access-date=21 July 2008}} The string instruments are heavily distorted and are often played with large amounts of feedback to produce an abrasive, sludgy sound.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=dopesick-mw0000187490|pure_url=yes}} |title=Eyehategod – Dopesick |author=York, William |work=AllMusic |access-date=12 September 2008}} Drumming is often performed in typical doom metal fashion,{{Citation needed|reason=source?|date=December 2020}} but drummers may employ hardcore d-beat or double-kick drumming during faster passages. Vocals are usually shouted or screamed, and lyrics often focus on suffering, drug abuse, politics and anger towards society. The style was pioneered in the late 1980s by the Melvins, and in the 1990s by bands such as Eyehategod, Crowbar, Buzzov*en, Acid Bath,{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p44863|pure_url=yes}} |title=Acid Bath |author=York, William |work=AllMusic |access-date=21 June 2008}} and Grief.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p205139|pure_url=yes}} |title=Grief |author=Henderson, Alex |work=AllMusic |access-date=21 June 2008}}

Sludgecore further combines sludge metal with hardcore punk, and possesses a slow pace, a low and dark pitch, and a grinding dirge-like feel.{{cite book|title=Rebel Music in the Triumphant Empire: Punk Rock in the 1990s United States|last1=Pearson|first1=David|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2020|chapter=Ch3-The Dystopian Sublime of Extreme Hardcore Punk|pages=121|isbn=978-0197534885|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=CooIEAAAQBAJ|page=121}}}} Bands regarded as sludgecore include Acid Bath, Eyehategod, Soilent Green,{{cite book|title=Hellraisers: A Complete Visual History of Heavy Metal Mayhem|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Axl|last2=Krovatin|first2=Chris|publisher=Race Point Publishing|year=2017|chapter=|pages=239|isbn=978-1-63106-430-2|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=SlA0DwAAQBAJ|page=239}}}}{{cite book|title=New Wave of American Heavy Metal|last1=Sharpe-Young|first1=Garry|publisher=Zonda|year=2005|pages=137|isbn=978-0958268400|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=uIIf03bGyAAC|page=137}}}} Black Sheep Wall, Admiral Angry, and The Abominable Iron Sloth.{{Cite web |last=Heilman |first=Max |date=2021-03-03 |title=Album Review: BLACK SHEEP WALL Songs for the Enamel Queen |url=https://metalinjection.net/reviews/black-sheep-wall-emsongs-for-the-enamel-queen-em |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Metal Injection |language=en-US}} Crowbar mixed "detuned, lethargic sludged-out metal with hardcore and southern elements".{{cite book|title=New Wave of American Heavy Metal|last1=Sharpe-Young|first1=Garry|publisher=Zonda|year=2005|pages=97|isbn=978-0958268400|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=uIIf03bGyAAC|page=97}}}}

File:ElectricWizard by Christian Misje 02.jpg of Electric Wizard]]

{{Main|Stoner rock}}

Stoner metal or stoner doom{{cite web|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/jpzpj3/10-stoner-metal-albums-ranked-by-a-metalhead-who-doesnt-smoke-weed-weedweek2017|title=10 Stoner Metal Albums Ranked by a Metalhead Who Doesn't Smoke Weed|author=Kelly, Kim|publisher=Noisey Vice|access-date=12 August 2018|date=19 April 2017}}{{cite web|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/10-essential-stoner-metal-albums|title=10 ESSENTIAL STONER-METAL ALBUMS|publisher=Revolver Magazine|access-date=12 August 2018|date=20 April 2018}} describes doom metal that incorporates psychedelic rock and acid rock elements.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6hDB4kV9s4C&q=Stoner+rock+subgenre&pg=PT267|title=Rebels Wit Attitude: Subversive Rock Humorists|author=Ellis, Iain|page=258|publisher=Soft Skull Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59376-206-3}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite news|url=http://www.buffalonews.com/incoming/article25407.ece|title=Stoner age: Priestess marries metal and melody|newspaper=Buffalo News|access-date=27 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213171518/http://www.buffalonews.com/incoming/article25407.ece|archive-date=13 February 2012}} Stoner metal is often heavily distorted, groove-laden bass-heavy sound, making much use of guitar effects such as fuzz, phaser, or flanger.{{cite web |url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/palm+springs/kyuss |title=MusicMight – Kyuss biography |access-date=10 December 2007 |last=Sharpe-Young |first=Garry |publisher=MusicMight |quote=[Kyuss] almost single handed invented the phrase 'Stoner Rock'. They achieved this by tuning way down and summoning up a subterranean, organic sound...|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192246/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/palm+springs/kyuss |archive-date=3 March 2016}} Stoner bands typically play in slow-to-mid tempo, employing the usage of melodic vocals and "retro" production.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=style|id=stoner-metal-ma0000011961|pure_url=yes}} |title=Stoner Metal |access-date=22 May 2009 |website=AllMusic |quote=Stoner metal could be campy and self-aware, messily evocative, or unabashedly retro.}} It was pioneered in the early–mid-1990s by bands such as Kyuss,{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=kyuss-mn0000776011|pure_url=yes}} |title=Kyuss biography |access-date=10 December 2007 |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |website=AllMusic |quote=...they are widely acknowledged as pioneers of the booming stoner rock scene of the 1990s...}} Sleep,{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=sleep-mn0000021578|pure_url=yes}} |title=Sleep biography |access-date=21 July 2008|author = Rivadavia, Eduardo|website = AllMusic}} Acid King,{{cite magazine|title=Lori from Acid King on Desertfest, doom and David Bowie|url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2015-04-18/lori-from-acid-king-on-desertfest-doom-and-david-bowie|last=Dare|first=Tom|magazine=Metal Hammer|date=18 April 2015|access-date=2 February 2017|quote=Stoner metal pioneers Acid King emerged when the subgenre didn’t really exist yet.}}{{cite web|title=10 Stoner Metal Albums Ranked by a Metalhead Who Doesn't Smoke Weed|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_uk/article/10-stoner-metal-albums-ranked-by-a-metalhead-who-doesnt-smoke-weed-weedweek2017|last=Kelly|first=Kim|work=Vice|date=20 April 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}} Electric Wizard,{{cite news|title=The Top 10 Stoner Metal Bands|url=http://www.ocweekly.com/music/the-top-10-stoner-metal-bands-6603447|last=Distefano|first=Alex|newspaper=OC Weekly|date=2 April 2014|access-date=21 May 2017}}{{cite web|title=10 Essential Stoner Rock Albums|url=http://www.treblezine.com/34799-10-best-stoner-rock-albums/|last1=Terich|last2=Blyweiss|first1=Jeff|first2=Adam |publisher=Treblezine|date=20 April 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}} Orange Goblin, and Sons of Otis.{{cite web|title=Sons of Otis Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sons-of-otis-mn0000037617/biography|last=Anderson|first=Jason|website=AllMusic|access-date=2 February 2017}}

Desert rock combines the psychedelic elements of stoner metal with hard rock characteristics. Bands of this style include Kyuss,{{cite web|last1=Mettler|first1=Mike|title=A Desert Soundtrack|url=http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/April-2014/A-Desert-Soundtrack/|website=palmspringslife.com|date=28 March 2014|publisher=Palm Springs Life|access-date=30 April 2015}} Fu Manchu, Queens of the Stone Age,{{cite news|last1=Linn|first1=Robin|last2=Lalli|first2=Mario|title=The strange births of Desert Rock|url=http://www.thesunrunner.com/2013/07/19/12852/the-strange-births-of-desert-rock|access-date=30 April 2015|publisher=The Sun Runner, Journal of the Real Desert|date=19 July 2013|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919012859/http://www.thesunrunner.com/2013/07/19/12852/the-strange-births-of-desert-rock|archive-date=19 September 2015}} Earthlings? and Yawning Man.

Influenced by 1970s and 1980s heavy metal,{{cite web|url=http://www.metal-temple.com/site/catalogues/entry/reviews/cd_3/c_2/crowned_in_earth_.htm|title=Crowned In Earth|work=Metal Temple|author=Voutiriadou, Maria|access-date=19 May 2013|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709172715/http://www.metal-temple.com/site/catalogues/entry/reviews/cd_3/c_2/crowned_in_earth_.htm|url-status=dead}} traditional doom metal bands more commonly use higher guitar tunings, and do not play as slowly as many other doom bands. Traditional doom bands typically play slow to mid-tempo songs with a thick and heavy sound with the electric bass following the melody line, and sometimes employ the usage of keyboards, although assuming a secondary role on traditional doom metal songs.{{cite book |last=Irwin |first=William |date=September 2012 |title=Black Sabbath and Philosophy: Mastering Reality |publisher=John Wiley & Sons}} Vocals are usually clean with the occasional growl or scream. The lyrics in traditional doom usually are eerie and dark like other doom metal divisions. Some bands who play traditional doom metal are Orodruin,{{cite web|last=Nixon|first=Josh|url=https://bmamag.com/2019/11/04/orodruin-ruins-of-eternity/|title=Orodruin – Ruins of Eternity|work=BMA Magazine|date=4 November 2019|access-date=17 July 2022}}{{cite web|url=https://blabbermouth.net/news/orodruin-to-release-debut|title=ORODRUIN To Release Debut|work=Blabbermouth.net|date=10 January 2003|access-date=17 July 2022}} Reverend Bizarre,{{cite web |url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/magazine/god-forbid-13-%E2%80%93-nov-2005/reverend-bizarre/|title=Reverend Bizarre|work=Decibel Magazine|access-date= 20 May 2013}} Witchcraft, Saint Vitus, and Count Raven.

• List of doom metal bands
• Emissions from the Monolith, a doom metal music festival
• Post-metal
• Slowcore, a genre of indie rock that also employs very slow tempos and pessimistic lyrics

{{Reflist}}

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{{Commons category|Doom metal}}

• [https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496 Doom metal] at AllMusic

{{Heavymetal}}

{{Extreme metal}}

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Category:Extreme metal

Category:Heavy metal genres