Echoes (Pink Floyd song)

{{Listen|filename = Pink floyd meddle echoes.ogg|title="Echoes"|description=First verse, showing vocal harmonies}}

"Echoes" begins with a "ping" that was created as a result of an experiment very early in the Meddle sessions, produced by amplifying a grand piano played by Richard Wright and sending the signal through a Leslie speaker and a Binson Echorec unit.{{sfn|Blake|2011|p=160}} After several "pings", a slide guitar played by David Gilmour gradually joins in.{{sfn|Mason|2004|p=148}} The verses are sung in harmony by Gilmour and Wright, and joined by a riff played by Gilmour and bassist Roger Waters in unison.{{sfn|Shea|2009|p=246}}{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=288}} This is followed by a guitar solo from Gilmour, played on a Fender Stratocaster through a Fuzz Face effects box, before repeating the previous riff.{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=288}} This leads into a funk-influenced jam.{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=289}}

The middle section of the song features Waters using a slide and a Binson Echorec. Gilmour plays a high-pitched screeching noise, which was created by plugging a wah-wah pedal in back to front (the guitar was plugged into the output of the pedal, and the input of the pedal was plugged into the input of the amplifier). Drummer Nick Mason later clarified that it was an accident, and their experience with working with Ron Geesin had taught them to embrace experiments and try anything if it would work on a song.{{sfn|Mason|2004|p=148}} This is followed by a repeat of the opening piano "pings" and a Farfisa organ solo from Wright, said to have been influenced by the Beach Boys' "Good Vibrations" (1967).{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=289}}{{cite web |last=Gush |first=Andy |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/pink-floyd-meddle/ |title=Pink Floyd: Meddle Album Review |website=Pitchfork |date=12 July 2020|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715210504/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/pink-floyd-meddle/|url-status=live}}{{cite magazine |last=DeRiso |first=Nick |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/pink-floyd-richard-wright-songs/ |title=Top 10 Richard Wright Pink Floyd Songs |magazine=Ultimate Classic Rock |date=28 July 2015|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124165150/https://ultimateclassicrock.com/pink-floyd-richard-wright-songs/|url-status=live|quote=This 23-minute song is, of course, filled with instrumental wonders – not least of which is a surging organ solo from Wright said to be inspired by the Beach Boys' "Good Vibrations.}}

Following a final third verse, the end of the piece features a choral-sounding segment playing a Shepard tone. This was created by placing two tape recorders in opposite corners of a room; the main chord tapes of the song were then fed into one recorder and played back while at the same time recording.{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=290}} The other recorder was then also set to play what was being recorded; this created a delay between both recordings, influencing the chordal structure.{{sfn|Blake|2011|p=160}}{{sfn|Harris|2006|p=74}}

"Echoes" began as a collection of separate musical experiments, some of which were left over from previous sessions. Pink Floyd then arranged the pieces in order to make a coherent piece originally referred to as "Nothing, Parts 1–24".{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=124}} Some pieces featured band members playing a recording without any idea what the rest of the group had or were going to play, while others simply had vague notes such as "first two minutes romantic, next two up-tempo".{{cite web |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/pink-floyd-album-meddle-50-years-later/ |title=Looking back at Pink Floyd's ambitious experiment, 'Meddle' 50 years later |first=Jack |last=Whatley |date=30 October 2021 |website=Far Out Magazine|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031160326/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/pink-floyd-album-meddle-50-years-later/|url-status=live}} Not all of the pieces were used for the finished track, and out-takes included saying a phrase backwards, so it would sound correct yet strange when the tape was reversed.{{sfn|Mason|2004|p=148}} Subsequent tapes of work in progress were labelled "The Son of Nothing" and "The Return of the Son of Nothing"; the latter title was eventually used to introduce the as-yet-unreleased work in its first live performances in early 1971.{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=142}}

Wright said he composed the piano intro and the main chord progression of the song, and that Waters wrote the lyrics.{{sfn|Mojo|2008|p=83}}{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=286}} During early development, before the first verse was finalised, it referred to the meeting of two celestial bodies.{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=107}} For the final lyrics, Waters took inspiration from his time in London in the mid to late 1960s, feeling a sense of disconnection and looking for the potential for humans to connect with each other. One particular observation was looking from his flat on Goldhawk Road and watching a procession of commuters walk past, which led to "Strangers passing in the street". "Echoes" established a trend with Waters to write emphatic words and explore the theme of communication, which would be a key theme of The Dark Side of the Moon (1973) and later solo work.{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=107}}{{sfn|Blake|2011|p=161}}

Pink Floyd rehearsed the completed piece before committing a final version to tape.{{sfn|Blake|2011|p=160}} Studio recording was split between Abbey Road Studios, Morgan Studios and AIR Studios in London; the latter two were used because they had a 16-track recorder, which made assembling the individual components of the songs easier.{{sfn|Mason|2004|p=151}} The basic backing tracks were recorded between 7 and 19 March at Abbey Road, with the further overdubs recorded at AIR from 30 March to 1 May, with additional work at Morgan.{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=287}} Pink Floyd were featured on an episode of the BBC1 programme 24 Hours discussing bootleg recordings, which showed them rehearsing "Echoes" at Abbey Road.{{cite magazine |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/watch-pink-floyd-working-on-echoes-abbey-road-studios/ |title=Watch rare footage of Pink Floyd in the studio working on "Echoes" |first=Tom |last=Taylor |magazine=Far Out Magazine |date=18 June 2021|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124144200/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/watch-pink-floyd-working-on-echoes-abbey-road-studios/|url-status=live}}

Waters accused Andrew Lloyd Webber of plagiarising a prominent instrumental from "Echoes" for the main theme in the 1986 musical The Phantom of the Opera. However he decided against filing a lawsuit.{{cite magazine |first=Tom |last=Hibbert |author-link=Tom Hibbert |title=Who the hell does Roger Waters think he is? |url=https://www.pinkfloydz.com/interviews/who-the-hell-does-roger-waters-think-he-is-q-mag-november-1992/ |magazine=Q |date=November 1992 |via=A Fleeting Glimpse |access-date=10 January 2024 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110103404/https://www.pinkfloydz.com/interviews/who-the-hell-does-roger-waters-think-he-is-q-mag-november-1992/ |url-status=live }} Instead, he dissed Lloyd Webber in "It's a Miracle" on his 1992 solo album Amused to Death.{{cite magazine |date=24 April 2021 |title=How Pink Floyd inspired 'The Phantom of the Opera' |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/how-pink-floyd-roger-waters-inspired-the-phantom-of-the-opera/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124140640/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/how-pink-floyd-roger-waters-inspired-the-phantom-of-the-opera/ |archive-date=24 November 2021 |access-date=24 November 2021 |magazine=Far Out Magazine}}

Pink Floyd first performed "Echoes" at Norwich Lads Club on 22 April 1971,{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=142}}{{Cite web |last=Lakey |first=Chris |date=18 May 2018 |title=Norwich Lads Club – still going strong after 100 years |url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/sport/norwich-boxing-1209406|access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Eastern Daily Press |language=en-UK|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201185600/https://www.edp24.co.uk/sport/norwich-boxing-1209406|url-status=live}} and it was a regular part of the band's set, up to the concert at Knebworth Park on 5 July 1975.{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=197}} The first significant performance was at the Crystal Palace Bowl on 15 May with an audience of 15,000.{{sfn|Povey|2007|pp=142-143}} It was originally announced by its working title, "Return of the Son of Nothing" and not formally identified as "Echoes" until the group's tour of Japan, starting on 6 August 1971.{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=142}} Occasionally, Waters would introduce the song with silly titles, such as "Looking Through the Knotholes in Granny's Wooden Leg", "We Won The Double" (a reference to Arsenal F.C. winning the double in the 1970–71 season), and "March of the Dambusters".{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=108}}

The song was played at a BBC Radio 1 concert on 30 September 1971 and broadcast on 12 October.{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=108}}{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=148}} Shortly afterwards, Pink Floyd filmed a live performance at the Amphitheatre of Pompeii with no audience for Live at Pompeii, where it was split in two halves to open and close the film.{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=108}}{{sfn|Povey|2007|pp=125,148}} "Echoes" was one of four pieces that Pink Floyd played in collaboration with a ballet choreographed by Roland Petit in late 1972 and early 1973. The track featured a solo ballet piece for Rudy Bryans of the Ballets de Marseille.{{sfn|Povey|2007|pp=171–173}} For the group's 1973 shows at Earl's Court, the performance of "Echoes" featured large quantities of dry ice being poured onto the stage during the middle section, and sheets of flame shooting from a cauldron at the back of the stage.{{sfn|Povey|2007|pp=158,178}}

From late 1974 to the Knebworth concert, "Echoes" was performed as an encore.{{sfn|Povey|2007|pp=193–197}} These performances featured backing vocals by Venetta Fields and Carlena Williams and saxophone solos by Dick Parry instead of the guitar solos in earlier performances.{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=287}} "Echoes" was performed for the first eleven shows on the band's 1987 A Momentary Lapse of Reason tour, in a slightly rearranged version trimmed down to 17 minutes.{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=247}} However, Gilmour was uncomfortable about singing the "hippy" lyrics, and the touring musicians found it difficult to replicate the sound of the studio original, so it was replaced with "Shine On You Crazy Diamond".{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=247}}{{sfn|Blake|2011|p=331}}{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=109}}

Gilmour resurrected the song on his 2006 On an Island Tour as the closing number of the main set, with Wright performing in his band.{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=307}} Wright said he still liked playing the song live and was amazed by the audience response to the opening "ping" when on tour.{{sfn|Mojo|2008|p=83}} These performances appear on Gilmour's Remember That Night film and Live in Gdańsk album/film.{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=109}} A special acoustic version, featuring just Gilmour and Wright and filmed live at Abbey Road, featured as a hidden track on Remember That Night.{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=287}} Gilmour told Rolling Stone in 2016 upon returning to Pompeii to play a solo show that he would have loved to perform "Echoes" but felt he could not do so without Wright, who had died in 2008 – "There's something that's specifically so individual about the way that Rick and I play in that, that you can't get someone to learn it and do it just like that."{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/david-gilmour-talks-pompeii-return-its-a-place-of-ghosts-20160707 |title=David Gilmour Talks Pompeii Return: 'It's a Place of Ghosts' |last=Glow |first=Kory |date=7 July 2016 |magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=27 September 2017|archive-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928005406/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/david-gilmour-talks-pompeii-return-its-a-place-of-ghosts-20160707|url-status=live}} Similarly, Mason initially did not play "Echoes" live with Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets as he felt the track is too strongly identified with Wright, but included the song for the 2022 tour named "The Echoes Tour".{{cite magazine |last=Greene |first=Andy |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nick-masons-saucerful-of-secrets-the-echoes-tour-2022-1247727/ |title=Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets Announces the Echoes Tour 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=26 October 2021|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124154403/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nick-masons-saucerful-of-secrets-the-echoes-tour-2022-1247727/|url-status=live}}

"Echoes" occupied the whole of the second side of the album Meddle, released on 30 October 1971.{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=150}} Mason later said this might have been because the group wanted to put more suitable material for radio on side one.{{sfn|Mason|2004|p=148}} An edited version of the song appeared on the 2001 compilation Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd, and as part of an 8-track promotional sampler.{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=109}}{{sfn|Povey|2007|pp=354–355}}

The live performance at Pompeii was released to cinemas in September 1972. It was first released on video in 1983, then on DVD in 2003.{{sfn|Povey|2007|pp=357–358}} Several works-in-progress pieces and live performances were released on the 2016 box set The Early Years 1965–1972.{{cite web |last=Thomas Erlewine |first=Stephen |title=The Early Years 1965–1972 – Pink Floyd |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-early-years-1965-1972-mw0003005171 |publisher=AllMusic|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831052049/http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-early-years-1965-1972-mw0003005171|url-status=live}}

In a review for the Meddle album, Jean-Charles Costa of Rolling Stone gave "Echoes" a positive review.{{Cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/meddle-19720106 |title=Meddle |last=Costa |first=Jean-Charles |date=6 January 1972 |magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=25 July 2017|archive-date=15 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715020123/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/meddle-19720106|url-status=live}} Costa described "Echoes" as "a 23-minute Pink Floyd aural extravaganza that takes up all of side two, recaptures, within a new musical framework, some of the old themes and melody lines from earlier albums", adding: "All of this plus a funky organ-bass-drums segment and a stunning Gilmour solo adds up to a fine extended electronic outing."

NME covered Pink Floyd's opening date on their 1972 Dark Side of the Moon Tour at the Brighton Dome and called "Echoes" a highlight of the set, saying that it was "masterful".{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=164}} Reviewing the 1975 Knebworth concert, Sounds said that despite a mixed performance in the main set, "Echoes" was "pretty superb" and "played flawlessly".{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=197}} Rolling Stone said that Gilmour's live performance of the piece in Gdańsk at the end of the On an Island Tour in 2006 was "jaw-dropping". Touring guitarist Phil Manzanera said "that version of 'Echoes' was the longest one and the best one. Life is funny. It's cosmic. It's like Richard knew something was up, and he stayed on longer. It's a magical song."{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/flashback-david-gilmour-plays-an-epic-echoes-in-2006-47561/ |title=Flashback: David Gilmour Plays an Epic 'Echoes' in 2006 |first=Andy |last=Greene |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=4 November 2014|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512173042/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/flashback-david-gilmour-plays-an-epic-echoes-in-2006-47561/|url-status=live}}

Mike Cormack said that "If Pink Floyd had done nothing after Meddle, "Echoes" would have assured them of a place in rock’s highest echelon", and that the song "is the single greatest long-form track in rock music, with a grandeur, scale and imagination that leaves everyone else for dead."{{sfn|Cormack|2024|p=98}} Author Ed Macan has called "Echoes" Pink Floyd's "masterpiece" and an important bridge between the group as a cult band and later mainstream success.{{sfn|Macan|2011|p=113}} Andy Cush has said that the track is a transition between the group's experimental material and later commercial success, emphasising that it is "ambitious beyond anything Pink Floyd had attempted before, wild beyond anything they’d attempt after".{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/pink-floyd-meddle/ |title=Pink Floyd – Meddle |first=Andy |last=Cush |website=Pitchfork |date=12 July 2020|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715210504/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/pink-floyd-meddle/|url-status=live}} In 2008, Uncut magazine ranked "Echoes" number 30 in a list of Pink Floyd's 30 best songs,{{cite magazine |last=Pinnock |first=Tom |title=Pink Floyd's 30 best songs |magazine=Uncut |orig-date=October 2008 |date=24 July 2015 |issue=137 |url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/pink-floyds-30-best-songs-69875/2/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419223219/https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/pink-floyds-30-best-songs-69875/2/ |archive-date=19 April 2021 |url-status=live}} while in 2011, readers of Rolling Stone named it as the fifth-best song by Pink Floyd.{{cite magazine |last=Wexelman |first=Alex |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/feature/pink-floyds-rick-wright-12-essential-songs-722901/ |title=Pink Floyd's Rick Wright: 12 Essential Songs |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=15 September 2018|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124160144/https://www.rollingstone.com/feature/pink-floyds-rick-wright-12-essential-songs-722901/|url-status=live}}

The members of Pink Floyd have mixed views on the track. Wright said that the piece was "a highlight" and "one of the finest tracks the Floyd have ever done". Waters and Gilmour have said that it was a foretaste of things to come in The Dark Side of the Moon, while Mason has said that it was "a bit overlong".{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=290}}

The 1973 George Greenough film Crystal Voyager concludes with a 23-minute segment in which the full version of "Echoes" accompanies a montage of images shot by Greenough from a camera mounted on his back while surfing on his kneeboard.{{sfn|Povey|2007|p=358}}{{sfn|Engle|2015|p=76}} The group allowed Greenough and director David Elfick to use the music in their film in exchange for the use of Greenough's footage as a visual background when they performed "Echoes" in concert. In the early 1990s, this footage was planned to be used in an advertisement for toilet cleaner, but it did not get clearance from the band.{{sfn|Mabbett|2010|p=109}}

Similar to the Dark Side of the Rainbow effect, fans have suggested that "Echoes" coincidentally synchronises with Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, when played concurrently with the final 23-minute segment titled "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite".{{sfn|Macan|2011|p=54}}{{cite magazine |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/pink-floyd-stanley-kubrick-echoes-2001-a-space-odyssey/ |title=Watch as Pink Floyd 'Echoes' perfectly soundtrack Stanley Kubrick film '2001: A Space Odyssey' |date=11 June 2020 |website=Far Out Magazine|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124182423/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/pink-floyd-stanley-kubrick-echoes-2001-a-space-odyssey/|url-status=live}} Kubrick would later feature copies of both the soundtrack to 2001 and Pink Floyd's Atom Heart Mother (1970) as props in the record store scene in A Clockwork Orange (1971).{{cite web |url=http://www.johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2006/04/13/alex-in-the-chelsea-drug-store/ |first=John |last=Coulthart |title=Alex in the Chelsea Drug Store |access-date=25 July 2018 |website=johncoulthart.com |date=13 April 2006 |archive-date=5 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705200102/http://www.johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2006/04/13/alex-in-the-chelsea-drug-store/ |url-status=live}}

Alien Sex Fiend covered the track for a Pink Floyd tribute album A Saucerful of Pink, released in July 1995.{{cite web |last=Bush |first=John |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/saucerful-of-pink-a-tribute-to-pink-floyd-mw0000178163 |title=Saucerful of Pink: A Tribute to Pink Floyd – Various Artists |publisher=AllMusic|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430131714/https://www.allmusic.com/album/saucerful-of-pink-a-tribute-to-pink-floyd-mw0000178163|url-status=live}} British musician Ewan Cunningham covered "Echoes" in 2017 and uploaded a YouTube video that featured him playing all of the parts himself. This cover was heavily based on the Live at Pompeii version and went on to receive praise from Mason, who humorously said: "Looks like we're all out of a job!"{{cite web |title=Ewan Cunningham Echoes| access-date=23 January 2017 |publisher=Smash Inc. |website=smash.com |url=http://www.smash.com/musician-covers-pink-floyds-echoes-playing-every-instrument-song/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803134004/https://www.smash.com/musician-covers-pink-floyds-echoes-playing-every-instrument-song/|archive-date=3 August 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/nickmasondrums/status/817780905041362944?lang=en |title=Looks like we are all out of a job! |first=Nick |last=Mason |publisher=Nick Mason (official Twitter feed) |date=7 January 2017|access-date=24 April 2017|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425133931/https://twitter.com/nickmasondrums/status/817780905041362944?lang=en|url-status=live}}

The acoustic guitar duo Rodrigo y Gabriela covered "Echoes" on their 2019 album Mettavolution, one of seven tracks which won the album an award for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2020.{{Cite web |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/grammy-winners-2020-the-full-list.html |title=Billie Eilish Leads The 2020 Grammy Award Winners |first=Zoe |last=Haylock |date=27 January 2020 |website=Vulture|access-date=15 January 2021|archive-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126233127/https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/grammy-winners-2020-the-full-list.html|url-status=live}} In reviewing this cover version, Rolling Stone wrote that "like the original, the song is its own journey, and it's beautiful".{{cite magazine |last=Grow |first=Kory |title=Rodrigo y Gabriela's Pink Floyd Cover 'Echoes' Is a Song You Need to Know | access-date=15 January 2021 |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=February 2019 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/rodrigo-y-gabriela-pink-floyd-echoes-787564/ | archive-date=21 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121002228/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/rodrigo-y-gabriela-pink-floyd-echoes-787564/ | url-status=live}}

According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin:{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2017|p=285}}

• David Gilmour – vocals, electric guitar
• Richard Wright – vocals, Hammond organ, piano, Farfisa organ
• Roger Waters – bass guitar
• Nick Mason – drums, percussion

Citations

{{Reflist}}

Sources

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |last=Blake |first=Mark|author-link=Mark Blake (writer) |title=Pigs Might Fly : The Inside Story of Pink Floyd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fC_BAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Arum Press |year=2011|orig-year=2007 |isbn=978-1-78131-519-4|access-date=18 November 2021|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521212507/https://books.google.com/books?id=fC_BAgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite magazine |last=Blake |first=Mark |title=The Dream Is Over |magazine=Mojo |date=November 2008 |url=http://www.davidgilmour.com/press/2008/october/richard_wright/MOJO_November08.pdf |ref={{harvid|Mojo|2008}}|access-date=22 August 2013|archive-date=21 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121060723/http://www.davidgilmour.com/press/2008/october/richard_wright/MOJO_November08.pdf|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book |last=Cormack |first=Mike |title=Everything Under The Sun: The Complete Guide To Pink Floyd |publisher=The History Press |year=2024 |isbn= 978-1-80399-535-9}}
• {{cite book |title=Surfing in the Movies |first=John |last=Engle |page=76 |year=2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-9521-4}}
• {{cite book |last=Guesdon |first=Jean-Michel |last2=Margotin |first2=Philippe |title=Pink Floyd All the Songs – The Story Behind Every Track |publisher=Running Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-316-43923-7}}
• {{cite book |last=Harris |first=John |title=The Dark Side of the Moon. The Making of the Pink Floyd Masterpiece |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-306-81500-3}}
• {{cite book |last=Mabbett |first=Andy |title=Pink Floyd- The music and the mystery: The Music and the Mystery |publisher=Omnibus Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-85712-418-0}}
• {{cite book |last=Macan |first=Ed|editor1-last=Reisch|editor1-first=George |title=Pink Floyd and Philosophy: Careful with that Axiom, Eugene! |publisher=Open Court |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8126-9745-2}}
• {{cite book |last=Mason |first=Nick |title=Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd |year=2004 |publisher=Widenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=0-297-84387-7 |edition=New |chapter=There Is No Dark Side}}
• {{cite book |last=Povey |first=Glenn |title=Echoes : The Complete History of Pink Floyd |year=2007 |publisher=Mind Head Publishing |isbn=978-0-9554624-0-5 |edition=New}}
• {{cite book |last=Shea |first=Stuart |title=Pink Floyd FAQ – Everything Left to Know ... and More |publisher=Backbeat Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-61713-395-4}}

{{refend}}

{{Wikiquote|Meddle (album)}}

• {{youtube|_69ApglQdxI|Echoes – Live at Pompeii 2016 remix}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080315010830/http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2007/11/18/meddling-with-2001 Did Pink Floyd Meddle with 2001?]

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Category:1971 songs

Category:Pink Floyd songs

Category:Songs written by David Gilmour

Category:Songs written by Nick Mason

Category:Songs written by Richard Wright (musician)

Category:Songs written by Roger Waters

Category:Song recordings produced by David Gilmour

Category:Song recordings produced by Roger Waters

Category:Song recordings produced by Richard Wright (musician)

Category:Song recordings produced by Nick Mason