Ezekiel 34

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 31 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|Ezekiel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}}}

: "Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy and say to them,

: Thus says the Lord God to the shepherds:

:: "Woe to the shepherds of Israel who feed themselves!

:: Should not the shepherds feed the flocks?" (NKJV){{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:2|NKJV}}

• "Son of man" (Hebrew: בן־אדם {{Strong-number|ḇen|H|01121}}-{{Strong-number|’ā-ḏām|H|00120}}): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=574}}
• "Shepherd" (Hebrew: רועי or רעי {{Strong-number|rō-w-‘ê|H|07462}}): the noun is derived from the Hebrew verb רָעָה {{Strong-number|ra'ah|H|07462}} (Assyrian rê°û, verb: "pasture", noun: "ruler") meaning to "pasture, tend, graze", to "feed (the flock)"; figuratively "to guard, care for, rule."{{sfn|Brown|Briggs|Driver|1994|ps={{sp}}"רָעָה"}}{{sfn|Gesenius|1979|ps={{sp}}"רָעָה"}} A "common allegory"Davidson, A. B. (1893), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/ezekiel/29.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Ezekiel 34, accessed 26 December 2019 referring to the rulers of Israel, either political or spiritual.The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1229-1230 Hebrew Bible. {{ISBN|978-0195288810}}

:You eat the fat and clothe yourselves with the wool; you slaughter the fatlings, but you do not feed the flock.{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:3|NKJV}}

"You eat the milk" in the Septuagint - the consonants are the same.

: So they were scattered because there was no shepherd;

:: and they became food for all the beasts of the field when they were scattered. (NKJV){{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:5|NKJV}}

Cross reference: {{bibleref2|Numbers|27:17|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|1 Kings|22:17|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|18:16|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Isaiah|13:14|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Jeremiah|50:6}}; {{bibleref2|Zechariah|10:2|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Matthew|9:36|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Mark|6:34|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Acts|20:29|NKJV}}

:''My sheep wandered through all the mountains, and on every high hill; yes, My flock was scattered over the whole face of the earth, and no one was seeking or searching for them.”{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:6|NKJV}}: NKJV

The final words, "for them", are added in most English translations, as they are not in the original text. Robert Young's Literal Translation ends "and there is none inquiring, and none seeking".{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:6|YLT}}: YLT The sheep are scattered, "first on to 'every high hill' as idolaters, and then 'over the face of the earth' in exile".Galambush, S., Ezekiel in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193211/http://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 |date=2017-11-22 }}, p. 556

:“I will seek what was lost and bring back what was driven away, bind up the broken and strengthen what was sick; but I will destroy the fat and the strong, and feed them in judgment.”{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:16|NKJV}}

This verse "clearly anticipates a return from exile to the land of Israel".

: I will establish one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them — My servant David.

: He shall feed them and be their shepherd. (NKJV){{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:23|NKJV}}

Cross reference: {{bibleref2|2 Samuel|5:2|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|2 Samuel|7:8|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|1 Chronicles|11:2|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Psalm|78:71|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Isaiah|40:11|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Jeremiah|3:15}}; {{bibleref2|John|10:1-16|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|John|21:15-17|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|1 Peter|5:2-4|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Acts|20:28|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|1 Peter|5:2-4|NKJV}}; {{bibleref2|Acts|20:28|NKJV}}

: And I, the Lord, will be their God, and My servant David a prince among them; I, the Lord, have spoken. (NKJV){{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:24|NKJV}}

Cross reference: {{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:11-16|NKJV}}, {{bibleref2|Ezekiel|37:24-25|NKJV}}

In Ezekiel 34, God first proclaims that He Himself will shepherd His people alone because of the bad shepherds (Ezekiel 34:11–16, ESV). Yet, immediately afterward, He specifies that He will appoint His servant David as their shepherd and prince (Ezekiel 34:23–24, ESV). This promise is mirrored again in Ezekiel 37:24–25, where David is explicitly named as king, forming an intentional literary inclusio around the intervening chapters (Ezekiel 37:24–25, ESV). Scholars such as Daniel I. Block and Christopher J. H. Wright recognize this deliberate literary framing. Block highlights the thematic significance of Ezekiel’s dual shepherd imagery, emphasizing the unified role of divine shepherding and Davidic kingship (Block, Daniel I. The Book of Ezekiel, Chapters 25–48. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998, pp. 296–298). Wright similarly notes how the blending of divine and Davidic shepherd imagery points to a cohesive Messianic expectation centered on both God’s sovereignty and Davidic lineage (Wright, Christopher J. H. The Message of Ezekiel: A New Heart and a New Spirit. The Bible Speaks Today. Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 2001, pp. 278–280). In between the two statements of I will make David as shepherd-prince and I will make David as king is the promise of a new covenant with a new heart and the resurrection of the dry bones vision.

File:Julius Schnorr-Ezekiel 34-25.jpg and Julius A. Bewer, published by Francis R. Niglutsch, New York, in 1908. vol. 8.]]

: “I will make a covenant of peace with them, and cause wild beasts to cease from the land; and they will dwell safely in the wilderness and sleep in the woods.” (NKJV){{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:25|NKJV}}{{bibleref2|Isaiah|54:10|NKJV}}

Cross reference: {{bibleref2|Leviticus|26:6|NKJV}}; Hosea 2:20; Jeremiah 31:31

Isaiah 54:10 also promises a covenant of peace, an eternal one as described by Benson is his commentary Benson, Joseph. Commentary on the Old and New Testaments. London: T. Cordeux, 1811- 1818. Commentary on Leviticus 16:13

: “You are My flock, the flock of My pasture;

: you are men, and I am your God,”

:: says the Lord God. (NKJV){{bibleref2|Ezekiel|34:31|NKJV}}

{{Portal|Bible}}

• David
• Israel
• Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 5, 1 Samuel 7, Psalm 23, Psalm 78, Psalm 89, Isaiah 40, Jeremiah 31, Matthew 23, Matthew 25, Luke 15, John 10, John 21, Hebrews 8

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

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• {{cite book

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• {{Cite book

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• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1234.htm Ezekiel 34 Hebrew with Parallel English]
• [http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16132 Ezekiel 34 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]

• [http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=31&c=34 Ezekiel 34 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093911/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=31&c=34 |date=2017-04-21 }}

{{Book of Ezekiel}}

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