Forage

{{Short description|Plant material eaten by grazing livestock}}

{{Other uses}}

File:Forage Sorghum of Tamilnadu.jpg grown as forage crop.]]

Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock.{{cite book|author=Fageria, N.K.|year=1997|title=Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops|publisher=Marcel Dekker|location=NY, NY|pages=595}} Historically, the term forage has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage.{{cite book|author=Fageria, N.K.|year=1997|title=Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops|publisher=Marcel Dekker|location=NY, NY|pages=583}}

While the term forage has a broad definition, the term forage crop is used to define crops, annual or biennial, which are grown to be utilized by grazing or harvesting as a whole crop.{{cite book|last=Givens|first=D. Ian|title=Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition|year=2000|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-0-85199-344-7|pages=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78WIrCCJW-MC&q=forage+definition&pg=PA1}}

Common forages

=Grasses=

Grass forages include:{{cite book|author=Murphy, B.|year=1998|title=Greener Pastures On Your Side of the Fence|publisher=Arriba Publishing|location=Colchester, Vermont|pages=19–20}}{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Pasture|year=1905}}

=Herbaceous legumes=

Herbaceous legume forages include:{{cite book|author=Murphy, B.|year=1998|title=Greener Pastures On Your Side of the Fence|publisher=Arriba Publishing|location=Colchester, Vermont|pages=20}}

File:Lucerne with hay bales behind.jpg]]

File:Trifolium repens 07 ies.jpg (Trifolium repens)]]

=Tree legumes=

Tree legume forages include:

File:Sheep feeding on silage in the snow, Baltasound - geograph.org.uk - 1725708.jpg

=Silage=

Silage may be composed by the following:{{cite book|author=George, J. R.|year=1994|title=Extension Publications: Forage and Grain Crops|publisher=Kendall/Hunt|location=Dubuque, Iowa|pages=152}}

=Aquatic feeds=

=Crop residue=

Crop residues used as forage include:

  • Sorghum
  • Sweet potato vines
  • Corn or soybean
  • Fruit tree by-products stover

Other

  • Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatusDaikon radish/"forage radish"

See also

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite journal | s2cid=88990719 | last1=Jahanzad | first1=E. | last2=Barker | first2=A. V. | last3=Hashemi | first3=M. | last4=Eaton | first4=T. | last5=Sadeghpour | first5=A. | last6=Weis | first6=S. A. | title=Nitrogen Release Dynamics and Decomposition of Buried and Surface Cover Crop Residues | journal=Agronomy Journal | publisher=American Society of Agronomy (Wiley) | volume=108 | issue=4 | year=2016 | issn=0002-1962 | doi=10.2134/agronj2016.01.0001 | pages=1735–1741| bibcode=2016AgrJ..108.1735J }}

}}