GSAT-12
{{Short description|Telecommunications satellite}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = GSAT-12
| image =
| image_caption =
| mission_type = Communications
| operator = ISRO
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 2011-034A
| SATCAT = 37746
| mission_duration = Planned: 8 years
Duration: {{time interval|15 July 2011|23 March 2023|show=ymd|sep=,}}
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer =
| launch_mass = {{convert|1412|kg|lb}}
| power =
| launch_date = {{start-date|15 July 2011, 11:18|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = PSLV-XL C17
| launch_site = Satish Dhawan SLP
| launch_contractor = ISRO
| entered_service =
| disposal_type = Graveyard orbit
| deactivated = March 2023
| orbit_epoch = 25 December 2013, 01:49:32 UTC{{cite web|url=http://www.heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=37746|title=GSAT 12 - Orbit|first=Chris|last=Peat|work=Heavens Above|date=25 December 2013|access-date=25 December 2013}}
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Geostationary
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35782|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35803|km|mi}}
| orbit_inclination = 0.01 degrees
| orbit_period = 23.93 hours
| orbit_longitude = 48°E (Relocated: 19 Mar 2021.)
83°E (till 9 Feb 2021)
| orbit_slot =
| apsis = gee
| trans_band = 12 Extended C band
| trans_frequency =
| trans_bandwidth =
| trans_capacity =
| trans_coverage =
| trans_TWTA =
| trans_EIRP =
| trans_HPBW =
| programme = GSAT
| previous_mission = GSAT-8
| next_mission = GSAT-10
}}
GSAT-12 was a communication satellite designed and developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It was the second satellite to be launched and placed on a GTO using PSLV.{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gsat-12.htm|title=GSAT-12/12R|publisher=Gunter Space Page|access-date=6 October 2020}}
Satellite
GSAT-12 was considered to be a replacement of the aged satellite INSAT-3B. It provided services like tele-education, tele-medicine, disaster management support and satellite internet access.{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gsat12-reaches-its-home-in-a-circular-geosynchronous-orbit/article2260309.ece | title=GSAT-12 reaches its home in a circular geo-synchronous orbit | work=The Hindu | date=Jul 15, 2011| access-date=March 20, 2013}}
Payloads
GSAT-12 was equipped with 12 Extended C-band transponders.
Launch
GSAT-12 was launched onboard PSLV-XL C17 from second launch pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre on July 15, 2011.{{cite web | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-15/news/29777953_1_gsat-5p-communication-satellite-gsat12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923235352/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-15/news/29777953_1_gsat-5p-communication-satellite-gsat12 | url-status=dead | archive-date=September 23, 2013 | title=ISRO successfully launches latest communication satellite GSAT-12 | publisher=Economic Times | date=Jul 15, 2011 | access-date=March 20, 2013}} The tentative life of satellite was 8 years.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gsat-12.htm|title=GSAT-12|publisher=space.skyrocket.de}}{{cite web|url=http://engineersworldonline.com/GSAT-12.html|title=GSAT-12 powered by PSLV is ready to launch|publisher=engineersworldonline.com|access-date=2011-07-14|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182529/http://engineersworldonline.com/GSAT-12.html|url-status=dead}}
Replacement and relocation
While GSAT-12 was still operational a replacement satellite CMS-01(formerly GSAT-12R) was launched on 17 December 2020.{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/isro-gearing-up-for-rocket-launches-with-virtual-launch-control-centre-151412|title=ISRO gearing up for rocket launches with Virtual Launch Control Centre|work=The Tribune|date=5 October 2020}} GSAT-12 was relocated from 83°E slot to 48°E slot on 19 March 2021.{{Cite web|title=Historical satellite position data for GSAT-12 for the month of March 2021|url=https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?37746?archive/2021/March/2021_March_|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321204701/https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?37746?archive/2021/March/2021_March_|archive-date=2021-03-21|access-date=2021-03-21|website=www.satellite-calculations.com}}
End of mission
In March 2023 GSAT-12 was retired from its operational service. After seven maneuvers to raise the satellite to a circular graveyard orbit, 390 km above GEO belt.{{Cite web |date=20 April 2023 |title=Monthly Summary of Department of space for the month of March 2023 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Monthly_summary/MonthlySummar_March2023.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419135528/https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Monthly_summary/MonthlySummar_March2023.pdf |archive-date=19 April 2023 |quote=The post mission disposal of GSAT-12 was successfully carried out through 7 manoeuvres to raise the satellite to a circular super-GEO synchronous orbit 390 km above GEO belt.}}{{Cite web |title=Historical satellite position data for GSAT-12 for the month of March 2023Satellite launched: 2011-07-15 |url=https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?37746?archive/2023/March/2023_March_ |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=www.satellite-calculations.com}}{{Cite web |title=Post Mission Disposal of GSAT-12 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PostMissionDisposal_ofGSAT_12.html |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{GSAT Satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2011}}