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GSAT

{{Short description|Series of Indian communications satellites}}

{{About|the Indian telecommunications and broadcasting satellites|the navigation satellites|Galileo navigation system|the algorithm for propositional Boolean satisfiability|WalkSAT|the Taiwanese university entrance exam|General Scholastic Ability Test}}

{{distinguish|text=G Sat, a Philippine satellite television provider}}

{{Infobox spacecraft class

| name = GSAT

| image = GSAT-7A in delpoyed configuration.png

| caption = The GSAT-7A, a military communications satellite, in deployed configuration

| manufacturer = ISRO

| country = India

| bus =

| applications = Communications

| orbits = Geostationary orbit

| operator = INSAT

| lifetime =

| derivedfrom =

| derivatives =

| Preceded =

| Succeeded =

| status = In service

| built =

| orders =

| launched = 20

| operational = 14

| retired = 6

| failed =

| lost =

| first =

| last =

}}

The GSAT (Geosynchronous Satellite){{cite web |title=ISRO GeoStationary Satellites |url=http://isro.org/satellites/geostationary.aspx |website=isro.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211041254/http://isro.org/satellites/geostationary.aspx |archive-date=11 February 2014 |url-status=dead}} satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting. As of 5 December 2018, 20 GSAT satellites manufactured by the Indian Space Research Organisation have been launched, out of which 14 are in service.

History

The GSAT series of geosynchronous satellites is a system developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) with an objective to make India self-reliant in broadcasting services. The system includes a total of 168 transponders (out of which 95 are leased out to provide services to broadcasters) in the C, Extended C and Ku bands, providing services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster warning and search and rescue operations.

List of GSAT satellites

This is a list of GSAT satellites and their status.

style="font-size:95%;" class="wikitable sortable"

|+List of GSAT satellites

! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3" |Satellite

! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Longitude

! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Date of launch

! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Launch vehicle

! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Lift-off mass

! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Status

! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Notes

style="text-align:center;" |GSAT series

! style="text-align:center;" |INSAT series

! style="text-align:center;" |Known as

GSAT-1

|style="text-align:center;"

GramSat 1{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-015A |title=GSAT 1 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}

|style="text-align:right;" nowrap |73° West (2000)
99° West (2000–2006)
76.85° West (2006–2009)

|style="text-align:right;" |18 April 2001

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk I D1

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1540|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{no|Failed to orbit
(Experimental satellite)}}

|Envisaged as a technology demonstrator; Failed to achieve its target orbit, which prevented it from fulfilling its primary communications mission.

GSAT-2

|style="text-align:center;"

GramSat 2{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-018A |title=GSAT 2 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}

|style="text-align:right;" |47.95° East

|style="text-align:right;" |8 May 2003

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk I D2

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1825|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{partial|Decommissioned
(Experimental satellite)}}

|Experimental communication satellite on board the second developmental test flight of India's GSLV.

GSAT-3

|style="text-align:center;"

EduSat

|style="text-align:right;" |74° East

|style="text-align:right;" nowrap |20 September 2004

|nowrap |{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk I F01

|style="text-align:center;" nowrap |{{convert|1950|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{partial|Decommissioned
(30 September 2010)}}

|Built exclusively to serve the educational sector. It was mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite-based distance education system for the country.

GSAT-4

|style="text-align:center;"

nowrap |HealthSat

|style="text-align:right;" |82° East

|style="text-align:right;" |15 April 2010

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II D3

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2220|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{no|Failed to orbit}}

|Experimental communication and navigation satellite; maiden flight of the GSLV Mk.II rocket.

GSAT-5

|nowrap |INSAT-4D{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gsat-5.htm |title=GSat 5 (Insat 4D) |author= |date=29 March 2017 |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=22 May 2017}}

|

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II

|style="text-align:center;" nowrap |{{convert|2250|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{no|Cancelled}}

|Rebuilt as the GSAT-5P.

nowrap |GSAT-5P

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |55° East

|style="text-align:right;" |25 December 2010

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk I F06

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2310|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{no|Failed to orbit}}

|As a replacement for INSAT-3E.

GSAT-6

|INSAT-4E

|

|style="text-align:right;" |83° East

|style="text-align:right;" |27 August 2015

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II D6

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2132|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|A multimedia mobile satellite system; will offer a Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) service, via mobile phones and mobile video/audio receivers for vehicles; can also be utilized for strategic and social applications.

nowrap |GSAT-6A

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |29 March 2018

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F08

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2140|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{no|Communication lost}}

| Communication with the satellite was lost after the second orbit raising manoeuvre. Efforts are on to re-establish link but at this point it remains incommunicado.{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-apr-2018/second-orbit-raising-operation-of-gsat-6a-satellite-has-been-successfully-carried|title=The second orbit raising operation of GSAT-6A satellite has been successfully carried out by LAM Engine firing for about 53 minutes on March 31, 2018 in the morning. - ISRO|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-date=August 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804154147/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-apr-2018/second-orbit-raising-operation-of-gsat-6a-satellite-has-been-successfully-carried|url-status=dead}}

GSAT-7

|nowrap |INSAT-4F{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-044B |title=GSAT 7 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}

| Rukmani

|style="text-align:right;" |74° East

|style="text-align:right;" |30 August 2013

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-215

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2650|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|According to defense experts, to enable the Indian Navy to acquire blue water capabilities and remove dependence on foreign satellites like Inmarsat, which provide communication services to its ships.

nowrap |GSAT-7A

|style="text-align:center;"

Angry Bird

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |19 December 2018

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F11

|style="text-align:center;" |

{{convert|2250|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{Yes|In service}}

|GSAT-7A is an advanced military communications satellite meant exclusively for the Indian Air Force.

nowrap |GSAT-7B

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |20XX

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F?

|style="text-align:center;" |

|{{Planned}}

|Military communication satellite for Indian Army{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/military-communication-satellite-for-indian-army-approved-1093746.html|title=Military communication satellite for Indian Army approved|date=22 March 2022 |publisher=Deccen Herald|access-date=22 March 2022}}

nowrap |GSAT-7C

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |20XX

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F?

|style="text-align:center;" |

|{{Planned}}

|Military communication satellite for Indian Air Force{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/defence-ministry-clears-proposal-for-gsat-7c-satellite-for-iaf-a-look-at-other-military-satellites-in-india-10160861.html|title=Defence ministry clears proposal for GSAT-7C satellite for IAF: A look at other military satellites in India|date=24 November 2021 |publisher=Firstpost|access-date=24 November 2021}}

nowrap |GSAT-7S

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |20XX

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II

|style="text-align:center;" |

|{{Planned}}

|Military communication satellite for Indian Air Force{{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/ISRO/s/bWZJIlAH7L|title=GSAT-7S |publisher=reddit|access-date=24 November 2021}}

nowrap |GSAT-7R

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |20XX

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F?

|style="text-align:center;" |

|{{Planned}}

|Replacement for GSAT-7 Rukmini for Indian Navy{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/navy-to-buy-rs-1589-crore-satellite-from-isro/articleshow/70283927.cms|title=Navy to buy Rs 1,589 crore satellite from ISRO|newspaper=Economic Times|date=18 July 2019 |access-date=18 July 2019|last1=Pubby |first1=Manu }}

GSAT-8

|INSAT-4G

|GramSat 8{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-022A |title=GSAT 8 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}

|style="text-align:right;" |55° East

|style="text-align:right;" |20 May 2011

|nowrap |{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-202

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3093|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|To augment the capacity in the INSAT system; the GAGAN payload provides the Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), through which the accuracy of the positioning information obtained from the IRNSS satellites is improved by a network of ground-based receivers and made available to users in the country through the geostationary satellites.

GSAT-9

|style="text-align:center;"

South Asia Satellite

|style="text-align:right;" |48° East

| style="text-align:right;" |5 May 2017

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F09

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2330|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|Carried GAGAN navigation payload, a regional NAVIC navigational system developed by India, that provides navigational services to the security forces and air traffic control organizations.

GSAT-10

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |83° East

|style="text-align:right;" nowrap |29 September 2012{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2012-051B |title=GSAT 10 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-209

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3435|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|To augment telecommunication, direct-to-home and radio navigation services.

GSAT-11

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |74° East

|style="text-align:right;" |4 December 2018

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-246

|style="text-align:center;" |5854 kg

(12,906 lb)

|{{yes|In service}}

|Aimed at providing advanced telecom and direct-to-home services in the country. Heaviest satellite built by India.

GSAT-12

|style="text-align:center;"

nowrap |GramSat 12{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-034A |title=GSAT 12 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}

|style="text-align:right;" |83° East

|style="text-align:right;" |15 July 2011

|{{flagicon|IND}} PSLV-XL C17

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1412|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{partial|Decommissioned
(March 2023)}}

|Replacement of the INSAT-3B; to provide services like tele-education, telemedicine, disaster management support and satellite internet access. Only GSAT satellite to be launched by PSLV.

GSAT-12R

|style="text-align:center;"

CMS-01

|style= "text-align:right;" |83° East

|style= "text-align:right;" |17 December 2020

|{{flagicon|IND}} PSLV-XL C50

|style= "text-align:center;" |{{cvt|1425|kg}}

|{{yes|In Service}}

|Replacement satellite of GSAT-12.

GSAT-14

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |75° East

|style="text-align:right;" |5 January 2014

|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk.II D5

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1982|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|To replace the GSAT-3 satellite; launched by a GSLV Mk.II, which incorporated an Indian-built cryogenic engine on the third stage.

GSAT-15

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |93.5° East

| style="text-align:right;" |10 November 2015

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-227

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|Similar to GSAT-10 satellite; to augment the capacity of transponders to provide more bandwidth for direct-to-home television and VSAT services.

GSAT-16

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |55° East

| style="text-align:right;" |6 December 2014

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-221

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3150|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}{{cite web|url=http://www.arianespace.com/news-mission-update/2014/1245.asp |title=Ariane 5 delivers DIRECTV-14 and GSAT-16 to orbit on Arianespace's latest mission success |access-date=7 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211024044/http://www.arianespace.com/news-mission-update/2014/1245.asp |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}

|The communication payloads provide a combination of total 48 transponders across the three frequency bands (24 in Normal C band, 12 in Extended-C band and 12 in Ku-band) along with a Ku-band beacon transmitter, which is the highest for an Indian satellite. The spacecraft will be co-located with GSAT-8 at 55 deg E.

GSAT-17

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |93.5° East

| style="text-align:right;" |28 June 2017

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-238

|style="text-align:center;" |3,477 kg (7,551 lb)

|{{yes|In service}}{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16.pdf |title=Annual Report 2015-2016 |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |page=28 |date=December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705060034/http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16.pdf |archive-date=2016-07-05 }}

|Payload includes 24 C-band, 2 lower C-band, 12 upper C-band, 2 CxS (C-band up/S-band down), and 1 SxC (S-band up/C-band down) transponders as well as a dedicated transponder for data relay (DRT) and search-and-rescue (SAR) services.

GSAT-18

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |74° East

| style="text-align:right;" |5 October 2016

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA

VA-231

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3404|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}

|To provide services in Normal C-band, Upper Extended C-band and Ku bands of the frequency spectrum.{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-india-telecommunications-satellite-gsat-18-launch-french-guiana-3067595/|title=GSAT-18 launched successfully on board Ariane-5 from Kourou in French Guiana|date=2016-10-06|access-date=2016-10-06}}

GSAT-19

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |48° East

| style="text-align:right;" | 5 June 2017

|{{flagicon|india}} LVM3 D1

|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3136|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|{{yes|In service}}{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/isro-gsat-19-satellite-launch-live-updates-india-attempts-to-put-3136-kg-satellite-in-orbit-4689969/|title=Now, ISRO successfully puts GSAT-19 satellite in orbit with GSLV Mk-III|work=The New Indian Express|date=5 June 2017 |access-date=5 June 2017}}

|Maiden (developmental) flight of GSLV Mark III

GSAT-20

|style="text-align:center;"

CMS-03
GSAT-N2{{Cite web |title=SpaceX launches communications satellite for India |url=https://mynews13.com/fl/orlando/space/2024/11/18/spacex-nsil-gsat-n2-mission |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=mynews13.com |language=en}}

|style="text-align:right;" |55° East

|style="text-align:right;" |18 November 2024{{Cite web |title=SpaceX launches India’s GSAT-N2 satellite on Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2024/11/18/live-coverage-spacex-to-launch-indias-gsat-n2-satellite-on-falcon-9-rocket-from-cape-canaveral/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |language=en-US}}

|{{flagicon|US}} Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-398

|style="text-align:center;" |5,300 kg (11,684 lb)

|{{yes|In Service}}{{Cite web |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - GSAT-20 |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/753 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Next Spaceflight}}

|

nowrap |GSAT-22

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |2024

|{{flagicon|india}} LVM3

|style="text-align:center;" |

|{{Planned}}{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/space-psu-nsil-to-launch-4-more-demand-driven-communication-satellites/articleshow/86790835.cms |title=Space PSU NSIL to launch 4 more demand-driven communication satellites |date=5 October 2021 |access-date=8 October 2021 |work=The Times of India}}

|

nowrap |GSAT-23

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" |2024

|{{flagicon|india}} LVM3

|style="text-align:center;" |

|{{Planned}}

|

GSAT-24

|style="text-align:center;"

CMS-02
GSAT-N1

|style= "text-align:right;" |48° East

|style= "text-align:right;" |22 June 2022

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-257

|style= "text-align:center;" |{{cvt|4181|kg}}

|{{yes|In Service}}

|

nowrap |GSAT-29

|style="text-align:center;"

|style="text-align:right;" |55° East

|style="text-align:right;" |14 November 2018

|{{flagicon|india}} LVM3 D2

|style="text-align:center;" |{{cvt|3,423|kg}}

|{{yes|In service}}[https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/isro-successfully-launches-the-gsat-29-satellite-from-satish-dhawan-space-center-in-sriharikota-on-wednesday/articleshow/66621815.cms ISRO successfully launches the GSAT-29 satellite from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota on Wednesday]. Bangalore Mirror. 14 November 2018.

|Second developmental flight of GSLV Mark III

GSAT-30

|

|

|style="text-align:right;" |83° East

|style="text-align:right;" | 17 January 2020

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-251

|style="text-align:center;" |{{cvt|3,547|kg}}

|{{yes|In Service}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/17-jan-2020/press-release-india%E2%80%99s-communication-satellite-gsat-30-launched-successfully|title=India's communication satellite GSAT-30 launched successfully|publisher=ISRO|access-date=17 January 2020|archive-date=30 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530144810/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/17-jan-2020/press-release-india%E2%80%99s-communication-satellite-gsat-30-launched-successfully|url-status=dead}}

|Replacement satellite for INSAT-4A

GSAT-31

|

|

|style="text-align:right;" |48° East

|style="text-align:right;" | 6 February 2019

|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-247

|style="text-align:center;" |{{cvt|2,535|kg}}

|{{yes|In Service}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-40th-communication-satellite-gsat-31-launched-1988977|title=India's 40th Communication Satellite, GSAT-31, Launched|publisher=NDTV|access-date=6 February 2019}}

|

GSAT-32

|

| GSAT-N3

|style="text-align:right;" |

|style="text-align:right;" | Q1 2025

|{{flagicon|IND}} LVM3

|style="text-align:center;" |{{cvt|4,500|kg}}

|{{Planned}}

|Replacement of GSAT–6A.

See also

{{Portal|Spaceflight|India}}

{{Clear}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140211041254/http://isro.org/satellites/geostationary.aspx ISRO GeoStationary Satellites]

{{GSAT Satellites}}

{{INSAT Satellites}}

{{Indian spacecraft}}

{{Indian space programme}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gsat}}

Category:INSAT satellites

Category:ISRO satellites

Category:ISRO programs

Category:Communications satellites of India

Category:Communications satellite constellations