Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill

{{see also|Goodwin v United Kingdom|Gender Recognition Act 2004}}

In July 2002, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in the Goodwin v United Kingdom case that a trans person's inability to change the sex on their birth certificate was a breach of their rights under Article 8 (privacy) and Article 12 (marriage) of the European Convention on Human Rights. Following this judgement, the UK government had to introduce new legislation to comply, which became law as the Gender Recognition Act 2004 (GRA). To obtain a gender recognition certificate (GRC) under the GRA, an applicant must a) provide evidence of a diagnosis of gender dysphoria; b) have lived in their "acquired gender" for two years; and c) make a statutory declaration that they intend to live in the acquired gender until death.{{Cite journal |last1=Fairbairn |first1=Catherine |last2=Pyper |first2=Doug |last3=Balogun |first3=Bukky |date=17 February 2022 |title=Gender Recognition Act reform: Consultation and outcome |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9079/CBP-9079.pdf |journal=Commons Briefing Papers |publisher=House of Commons Library |issue=9079}}

In a June 2020 report, the European Commission classified the legal procedures for gender recognition of 28 European countries into five categories based on the barriers to access. This placed the UK's Gender Recognition Act 2004 in the second from bottom category with "intrusive medical requirements" that lag behind international human rights standards.{{Cite web|title=Legal gender recognition in the EU: the journeys of trans people towards full equality|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/files/lgbti-study-transgender-people_en|access-date=9 October 2020|website=European Commission – European Commission|language=en}} The procedures have also been described as costly, bureaucratic, and time-consuming for trans people, with successful applicants having to wait two years until they can change their legal gender.{{cite news |last1=Boothman |first1=John |last2=Allardyce |first2=Jason |title=Ministers face public backlash over gender recognition reform plans |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/ministers-face-public-backlash-over-gender-recognition-reform-plans-dvgljmqrf |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=The Sunday Times |date=19 December 2021 |url-access=subscription}}

The issue of gender recognition is devolved in Scotland, which allows the Scottish parliament, if it wishes, to legislate for a different policy from that of England and Wales. In 2004, the Scottish Parliament passed a motion to consent to Westminster's GRA, so that a uniform system of gender recognition would be in place throughout the UK.{{Cite journal |title=Meeting of the Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.scot/api/sitecore/CustomMedia/OfficialReport?meetingId=4492 |journal=Official Report |publisher=Scottish Parliament |volume=2 |issue=5 February 2004 |page=5664}} A 2018 consultation in England and Wales found that a majority of the over 100,000 respondents were in favour of removing most of the requirements for a GRC; despite this, in 2020, the government in Westminster announced that it would not legislate to relax the requirements. Separately, the Scottish government also consulted on reforming the law: an initial consultation on the principles of the bill which took place between November 2017 and March 2018 found a majority of the 15,500 respondents in favour of the bill;{{cite web |title=Policy: LGBTI and gender recognition |url=https://www.gov.scot/policies/lgbti/gender-recognition/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Scottish Government}} and the second consultation on a draft bill, taking place between November 2019 and March 2020, also found majority support.{{cite news |date=17 December 2019 |title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: A consultation |work=Scottish Government |url=https://consult.gov.scot/family-law/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/ |access-date=16 December 2022}}{{cite news |date=17 December 2019 |title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: consultation |work=Scottish Government |url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill-consultation-scottish-government/ |access-date=16 December 2022}}

The Scottish National Party (SNP) committed to "review and reform gender recognition law, so it's in line with international best practice for people who are transgender" in their manifesto for the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, which they won.{{cite news |last1=Logan |first1=Caitlin |title=GRA Bill Scotland: Five trans people on what the legislation means to them |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19964761.gra-bill-scotland-five-trans-people-legislation-means/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |work=The National}}{{Cite web|title=SNP Manifesto 2016: our action for LGBTI people|url=https://www.snp.org/snp-manifesto-our-action-for-lgbti-people/|website=SNP|date=2016|access-date=17 January 2023}} After the consultations ended, the Scottish government intended to introduce the bill to Parliament in 2020, but was forced by the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland to delay consideration until after the 2021 Scottish Parliament election.{{cite news |last1=Duffy |first1=Nick |title=Move to system 'closer to self-declaration' for gender recognition, MPs recommend |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/move-system-closer-self-declaration-transgender-people-mps-recommend-1362025 |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=i |date=21 December 2021}}{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Gregor |title=SNP-Green deal to bring in gender reform bill in 'first year' of parliament |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19528190.snp-green-deal-bring-gender-reform-bill-first-year-parliament/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |work=thenational.scot |date=20 August 2021}}

The 2021 election saw the SNP returned to government, this time in a coalition with the Scottish Greens rather than as a minority government; both parties featured the bill in their manifestos. The Bute House Agreement between the two parties committed to introducing a Gender Recognition Reform Bill before the end of May 2022.{{cite news |last=Davidson |first=Gina |title=Nicola Sturgeon confirms gender recognition reform back on legislative agenda |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/nicola-sturgeon-confirms-gender-recognition-reform-back-on-legislative-agenda-3374378|access-date=14 December 2022 |work=The Scotsman|date=7 September 2021}}

The bill was introduced on 2 March 2022, by Shona Robison, the Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice, Housing and Local Government. The bill lowers the age people can change their legal gender from 18 to 16, removes the requirement of a medical diagnosis of gender dysphoria, and reduces the waiting time from two years to six months of living in an acquired gender.{{cite news |title=Gender recognition reform bill tabled at Holyrood |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-60589578/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |work=BBC |date=3 March 2022}} Also issued on the same day were a delegated powers memorandum,{{cite web |date=2 March 2022| title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: Delegated Powers Memorandum|url=https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/introduced/delegated-powers-memorandum-accessible.pdf |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Scottish Parliament}} policy memorandum,{{cite web|date=2 March 2022| title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: Policy Memorandum|url=https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/introduced/policy-memorandum-accessible.pdf |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Scottish Parliament}} financial memorandum,{{cite web |date=2 March 2022|title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill Financial Memorandum|url=https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/introduced/financial-memorandum-accessible.pdf|access-date=20 December 2022|website=Parliament.Scot}} and statement of legislative competence.{{cite web |date=2 March 2022| title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: Statements on Legislative Competence|url=https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/introduced/statements-on-legislative-competence-accessible.pdf|access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Scottish Parliament}}

The bill was subject to a mandatory consultation–its third–by the Scottish Parliament's Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee. This committee was designated as the lead committee and ran thirteen evidence sessions.{{cite news |title=MSPs call for views on Gender Recognition Reform Bill |url=https://www.lawscot.org.uk/news-and-events/legal-news/msps-call-for-views-on-gender-recognition-reform-bill/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |work=Law Society of Scotland|date=22 March 2022}}{{cite web |title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill|url=https://www.parliament.scot/bills-and-laws/bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/stage-1#CommitteeWork |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Parliament.Scot}} The Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee of the Scottish Parliament, issued a report to the Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee, on 16 May 2022, regarding the delegated powers memorandum for the bill, which reported they were content with the delegated powers provisions contained within the bill.{{cite web |title=Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee: Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: Stage 1|url=https://sp-bpr-en-prod-cdnep.azureedge.net/published/DPLR/2022/5/16/07f8ce60-94fb-4fec-b1c3-4aaa721228e8/DPLRS062022R29.pdf |access-date=20 December 2022|website=Parliament.Scot}} The Finance and Public Administration Committee held a consultation on the financial memorandum, which received six responses, all of which were forwarded to the Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee. The committee took no action based on the results of its consultation and recommended no changes to the financial memorandum.{{cite web |title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill Financial Memorandum|url=https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/committees/current-and-previous-committees/session-6-finance-and-public-administration-committee/business-items/scrutiny-of-financial-memorandums/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill-financial-memorandum|access-date=20 December 2022|website=Parliament.Scot}}

The Stage 1 report, from the Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee, recommended that the general principles be approved.{{cite news |last1=Garton-Crosbie |first1=Abbi |title=Majority of Scottish Parliament committee backs principles of GRA reform |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23024845.majority-scottish-parliament-committee-backs-principles-gra-reform/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |work=The National |date=6 October 2022}}

The bill was voted on by the full parliament on 27 October 2022 and passed by a majority of 88 to 33, with 4 abstentions and 4 members not voting.{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=Libby |date=27 October 2022 |title=SNP suffers biggest ever backbench revolt over transgender bill |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/27/snp-suffers-biggest-ever-backbench-revolt-over-transgender-bill/ |access-date=3 November 2022}}{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/votes-and-motions/S6M-06459|title=Chamber and committees – Motion ref. S6M-06459 – Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill|publisher=Scottish Parliament|access-date=15 December 2022}}

A number of amendments were proposed made to the bill at Stage 2,{{cite web|date=15 November 2022|title=Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee [Draft]; Meeting date: Tuesday, 15 November 2022|url=https://www.parliament.scot/api/sitecore/CustomMedia/OfficialReport?meetingId=13992|access-date=18 December 2022}}{{cite web|title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill as amended at stage 2|url=https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/stage-2/bill-as-amended-at-stage-2.pdf|date=22 November 2022|access-date=18 December 2022}} the majority of which were not passed.{{cite news |last1=Hunter |first1=Ross |date=22 November 2022 |title=Gender reform bill moves on to final stage of Holyrood scrutiny |work=The National |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23143094.gender-reform-bill-moves-final-stage-holyrood-scrutiny/ |access-date=4 December 2022}} The Finance and Public Administration Committee published an updated financial memorandum on 7 December 2022 on the bill and noted the updates at its meeting on 13 December 2022.{{cite web |title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill Financial Memorandum|url=https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/stage-2/supplementary-financial-memorandum.pdf |access-date=20 December 2022|website=Parliament.Scot}}

The bill was heard at Stage 3 on 20–21 December 2022 for amendments to the bill. The final debate and vote was held on 22 December 2022.{{cite web|title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill

|url=https://www.parliament.scot/bills-and-laws/bills/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill/stage-3|website=Parliament.Scot|publisher=The Scottish Parliament|date=22 December 2022|access-date=14 December 2022}}

On 19 December 2022, the day before the Stage 3 debate began, the Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee held an evidence session on the bill.{{cite web |last1=McCurdy |first1=Rebecca |title=Nicola Sturgeon urged to pause gender reform plans following UN women's safety concerns|date=28 November 2022 |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/other/nicola-sturgeon-urged-to-pause-gender-reform-plans-following-un-women-e2-80-99s-safety-concerns/ar-AA14Eef9 |website=The Scotsman |access-date=11 December 2022|via=MSN}}{{cite web |title=Women's and Human Rights organisations restate support for Gender Recognition Reform Bill|date=30 November 2022 |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/blogs/scottish-human-rights-blog/womens-and-human-rights-organisations-restate-support-gender |website=Amnesty International UK |publisher=Amnesty International |access-date=11 December 2022}}{{cite news |last=Hunter |first=Ross |title=Scottish Human Rights Commission combat gender reform concerns|date=8 December 2022 |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23178187.scottish-human-rights-commission-combat-gender-reform-concerns/ |work=The National |access-date=11 December 2022}} They heard from two United Nations representatives, Victor Madrigal-Borloz, an expert on gender identity and United Nations Independent Expert on Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and Reem Alsalem, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women.{{cite web |date=16 December 2022|title=UN expert on gender identity calls on Scottish Parliament to adopt Gender Recognition Reform Bill|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/12/un-expert-gender-identity-calls-scottish-parliament-adopt-gender-recognition |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=United Nations Human Rights: Office of the High Commissioner }}{{cite web |date=19 December 2022|title=Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee: Monday 19 December 2022 |url=https://www.parliament.scot/api/sitecore/CustomMedia/OfficialReport?meetingId=14062|access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Scottish Parliament}} Madrigal-Borloz described the Scottish bill as a "significant step forward", while Alsalem said it "would potentially open the door for violent males who identify as men to abuse the process of acquiring a gender certificate and the rights that are associated with it", a view that was disputed by Madrigal-Borloz, who said it would bring Scotland in line with international human rights standards.{{cite news |date=16 December 2022 |title=UN chief backs Scottish government's gender recognition reforms |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-63993415 |access-date=17 January 2023}}

The bill was voted on by the full parliament on 22 December 2022 and passed by a majority of 86 to 39, with 0 abstentions and 4 members not voting.{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/official-report/search-what-was-said-in-parliament/meeting-of-parliament-22-12-2022?meeting=14071&iob=127436|title=Meeting of the Parliament (Hybrid) [Draft] Meeting date: Thursday, December 22, 2022|publisher=Scottish Parliament|access-date=22 December 2022}} The announcement of the result was accompanied by cheers from supporters in the chamber, and shouts of "shame on you" from protesters in the public gallery.{{cite news |title=Changing gender to be made easier in Scotland |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-64066938 |date=23 December 2022 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=24 December 2022}}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = The Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill (Prohibition on Submission for Royal Assent) Order 2023

| type = Statutory Instrument

| parliament =

| year = 2023

| citation = 2023 No. 41

| introduced_by = Alister Jack, Secretary of State for Scotland

| territorial_extent =

| si_made_date = 17 January 2023

| si_laid_date = 17 January 2023

| commencement = 18 January 2023

| expiry_date =

| repeal_date =

| amends =

| replaces =

| primary_legislation = Scotland Act 1998

| eu_directives =

| amendments =

| repealing_legislation =

| related_legislation =

| status = Current

| legislation_history = https://statutoryinstruments.parliament.uk/instrument/gBNn3Ur8/timeline/dr7rHO9B/

| theyworkforyou =

| millbankhansard =

| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/41/made

| revised_text =

| use_new_UK-LEG = no

| UK-LEG_title =

}}

{{wikisource|Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill (Prohibition on Submission for Royal Assent) Order 2023}}

On 16 January 2023, Scotland Secretary Alister Jack announced that he would make an order under section 35 of the Scotland Act 1998, which would prevent the bill from proceeding to royal assent. Jack cited concerns that the bill would adversely impact the UK-wide Equality Act 2010 as the reason for the tabling of the motion before the Westminster Parliament; equal opportunities are a reserved matter under the Scotland Act.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-64288757|title=UK government to block Scottish gender bill|work=BBC News|date=16 January 2023|access-date=16 January 2023}}{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/uk-government-blocks-scotlands-gender-reform-bill-in-constitutional-first-12787916

|title=UK government blocks Scotland's gender reform bill in constitutional first|work=Sky News|date=16 January 2023|access-date=16 January 2023}}{{cite web |date=16 January 2023|title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: statement from Alister Jack |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/gender-recognition-reform-scotland-bill-statement-from-alister-jack |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=GOV.UK}} The order using the negative procedure was made on 17 January 2023 and entered into force on the next day. The negative procedure means that the order is in force unless either house of Parliament votes to disagree with the order within 40 days. The final day to vote a disagreement was 27 February 2023.{{cite web |title=The Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill (Prohibition on Submission for Royal Assent) Order 2023 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/41/made |website=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=18 January 2023}} This was the first time royal assent was not granted to a bill passed by the Scottish Parliament since its creation in 1999.{{Cite web |last=Torrance |first=David |date=16 January 2023 |title=Section 35 of the Scotland Act and vetoing devolved legislation |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/section-35-of-the-scotland-act-and-vetoing-devolved-legislation/ |website=House of Commons Library}} As similar powers regarding the Senedd and Northern Ireland Assembly have never been used, this is the first post-legislative veto of a bill since Queen Anne refused assent to the Scottish Militia Bill in 1708.{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/revolution/keydates/keydates1689-1714/|title=Keydates1689 1714|website=www.parliament.uk}}{{Original research inline|date=July 2023|certain=y}}

On 17 January 2023, Jack made a formal statement to the House of Commons that he was using section 35 of the Scotland Act and set out his reasons for doing so.{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Scotland Act 1998: Section 35 Power|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-01-17/debates/48377387-3F2A-4C73-BF7F-A02065A03FF9/ScotlandAct1998Section35Power|website=hansard.parliament.uk}} On 18 January the statement of Jack that was made in the Commons was presented and debated in the House of Lords.{{Cite web |date=18 January 2023 |title=Scotland Act 1998: Section 35 Power|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2023-01-18/debates/27EECCF9-B604-4C5B-8166-DDE2DD23AB0C/ScotlandAct1998Section35Power|website=hansard.parliament.uk}}

On 17 January 2023, Stephen Flynn the SNP leader at Westminster requested and was granted an emergency debate on the use of the Section 35 order. The debate was on the question "This House has considered the Government's decision to use section 35 of the Scotland Act 1998 with regard to the Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill."{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: Section 35 Power – Application for emergency debate (Standing Order No. 24) |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-01-17/debates/6D599A0F-4300-47CE-8294-8F3BB136696A/GenderRecognitionReform(Scotland)BillSection35Power|website=hansard.parliament.uk}} The debate lasted for two hours and the house voted 318 to 71 in favour of the UK government position that the house had considered the matter.{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: Section 35 Power – Emergency debate (Standing Order No. 24) |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-01-17/debates/C38A813A-B5E9-41E5-97AC-FAF39F161706/GenderRecognitionReform(Scotland)BillSection35Power|website=hansard.parliament.uk}}

UK Prime Minister and Labour Party leader, Keir Starmer has said he will continue the block on the Gender Recognition Reform Bill.{{cite news |last=Simons |first=Ned |date=8 July 2024 |title=What Is Keir Starmer's New Position On transgendergender Self-ID? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/what-is-keir-starmers-new-position-on-transgendergender-self-id_uk_64c3a61ce4b03ad2b897ee6d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603145621/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/what-is-keir-starmers-new-position-on-transgendergender-self-id_uk_64c3a61ce4b03ad2b897ee6d |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=HuffPost}}{{cite news |last=Meighan |first=Craig |date=21 June 2024 |title=Starmer: No referendum for Scotland or going back on gender reform bill |url=https://news.stv.tv/scotland/keir-starmer-no-scottish-independence-referendum-or-going-back-on-gender-reforms-bill-if-labour-wins-election |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701180927/https://news.stv.tv/scotland/keir-starmer-no-scottish-independence-referendum-or-going-back-on-gender-reforms-bill-if-labour-wins-election |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=STV}}

On 24 January 2023, Flynn tabled a Prayer against the section 35 Order which was worded as follows: "That a humble Address be presented to His Majesty, praying that The Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill (Prohibition on Submission for Royal Assent) Order 2023, dated 17 January 2023, a copy of which was laid before this House on 17 January 2023, be annulled".{{cite web |title=Prayer against a Negative Statutory Instrument|url=https://edm.parliament.uk/early-day-motion/60517/constitutional-law|website=parliament.uk |access-date=30 January 2023}}{{Cite web |last= Garton-Crosbie|first=Abbi |date=25 January 2023 |title=SNP use Commons 'prayer' tactic in bid to STOP Section 35 order|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23273885.snp-use-commons-prayer-tactic-bid-stop-section-35-order/|website=thenational.scot}}

On 12 April 2023, Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice in the devolved Scottish government, Shirley-Anne Somerville, announced the intention to launch a request for a judicial review of the UK government's use of Section 35 of the Scotland Act 1998 against the bill.{{cite news |title=Block on Scottish gender reforms to be challenged in court 12 April 2023 |work=BBC News |date=12 April 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-65249431 |access-date=12 April 2023}}{{cite web |title=BGender reform bill: Scottish and UK governments to enter legal battle |url=https://news.sky.com/story/scottish-government-enters-legal-battle-with-uk-government-over-controversial-gender-reform-bill-12855657|website=News.sky.com |publisher=Sky News |access-date=12 April 2023}} The hearing of the court case began on 19 September 2023 at the Court of Session in Edinburgh{{cite web |title=UK block on Scottish gender reforms unlawful, court hears|date=19 September 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-66852911 |website=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC |access-date=20 September 2023}} and was completed the following day. The court's ruling was delivered on 8 December 2023; the judge rejected the Scottish Government's legal challenge.{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=Court says Scottish gender reform block is legal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-67659791 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}} In his analysis for The Herald, the newspaper's political editor, Tom Gordon, wrote of the ruling, "Make no mistake. This is not a narrow defeat for the Scottish Government and Mr Yousaf's decision to go to court come-what-may. It is a comprehensive demolition job".{{Cite news| last= Gordon| first= Tom| title= Gender reform court case: Not just a defeat, a demolition job | url= https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/23978495.gender-reform-court-case-not-just-defeat-demolition-job/ | work= The Herald| date= 8 December 2023| access-date= 11 December 2023| archive-url= https://archive.today/20231210085931/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/23978495.gender-reform-court-case-not-just-defeat-demolition-job/| archive-date= 10 December 2023 }}

On 20 December 2023, Somerville announced that the Scottish government would not appeal the ruling, but would not withdraw the bill from the Scottish parliament. She said: "For the avoidance of doubt, this bill is not in the bin and is waiting an incoming UK government that has more respect for devolution."{{cite web |last1=Brooks |first1=Libby |title=Scottish government abandons court case over gender law veto|date=20 December 2023 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/dec/20/gender-recognition-reform-bill-scottish-ministers-drop-legal-action-westminster-veto |website=theguardian.com |publisher=Guardian |access-date=21 December 2023}}

On 10 May 2024, First Minister and SNP Leader, John Swinney formally abandoned Nicola Sturgeon's self-ID gender plans after saying they cannot be implemented. He told Sky News that "The reality of the situation we face is that the Supreme Court has said that we can't legislate in that area. We can't take forward that legislation".{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Simon |date=2024-05-10 |title=Swinney abandons Sturgeon's controversial gender self-ID plans |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2024/05/10/swinney-abandons-sturgeon-gender-self-id-plans-snp/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}{{Cite web |title=Scotland's new leader John Swinney: Gender recognition reforms 'cannot be implemented' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/scotland-could-be-independent-in-five-years-first-minister-john-swinney-says-13132650 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Sky News |language=en}}

The bill was supported by feminist, LGBT, and human rights campaign organisations such as Amnesty International, Stonewall, Rape Crisis Scotland, Equality Network, Engender, Scottish Trans Alliance, and Scottish Women's Aid.{{cite news |last1=Horne |first1=Marc |title=Feminist campaigners say trans and women's rights 'inter-connected' |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20178992.feminist-campaigners-say-trans-womens-rights-inter-connected/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |work=The Herald |date=31 May 2022}} The vast majority of SNP and Scottish Labour parliamentarians, as well as all Scottish Green and Scottish Liberal Democrat MSPs supported the bill,{{cite news |title=Gender recognition reform bill tabled at Holyrood |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-60221034/ |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=BBC News |date=3 March 2022}} as did three of the Scottish Conservative members.

The bill is similar to the one adopted in the Republic of Ireland. In Northern Ireland, the bill was supported by Sinn Féin, the Alliance Party, and the Social Democratic and Labour Party, whose politicians and MPs raised the possibility of adopting a similar bill.{{cite web |last=Ramsay|first=Adam|date=17 January 2023|title=Can the UK survive Westminster's attack on trans rights? |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/scotland-trans-rights-gender-recognition-reform-future-of-uk-rishi-sunak-keir-starmer/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=openDemocracy}}

The bill was opposed by some political, social, feminist and religious organisations such as the Scottish Conservatives,{{cite news |title=Gender recognition reform bill tabled at Holyrood |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-60221034/ |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=BBC |date=3 March 2022}} the LGB Alliance, Fair Play for Women,{{cite journal |last1=Turnbull-Dugarte |first1=Stuart |last2=McMillan |first2=Fraser |date=2022 |title='Protect the women!' Trans-exclusionary feminist issue framing and support for transgender rights |journal=Policy Studies Journal |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=629–666 |doi=10.1111/psj.12484 |s2cid=253321413 |doi-access=free }} the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland{{cite web|access-date=22 December 2022|date=19 December 2022|language=en-GB|title=Bishops highlight concerns over Gender Reform Bill|url=https://archedinburgh.org/bishops-highlight-concerns-over-gender-reform-bill/|website=Archdiocese of Edinburgh}}{{Cite news |last=Matchett |first=Conor |date=19 December 2022 |title=Catholic bishops urge MSPs to vote against Gender Bill as LGBT+ groups unite in support |work=The Scotsman |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/catholic-bishops-urge-msps-to-vote-against-gender-bill-as-lgbt-groups-unite-in-support-3959624 |access-date=22 December 2022}} and For Women Scotland, a group founded to oppose the bill.{{cite web|url=https://forwomen.scot/about/ | title= ForwomenScotland, About Us |quote=For Women Scotland is a grassroots women's group founded in June 2018 amid growing unease about how women's rights would be affected by the Scottish Government's plans to reform the Gender Recognition Act to allow for self-declaration of sex. | access-date=2023-12-20}} Nine SNP members voted against the bill at stage 3,{{cite news |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Mark |title=Nine Nationalists defy Nicola Sturgeon on gender reform in record revolt |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/nine-nationalists-defy-nicola-sturgeon-on-gender-reform-in-record-revolt-j5tw8rbvs |work=The Times |date=23 December 2022}} which was reported in Euronews as "the biggest rebellion against the government by its own party in the last 15 years".{{cite news |title=Scotland gender recognition reform bill: MPs approve law that makes it easier to change gender |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/12/22/scottish-parliament-votes-to-approve-controversial-gender-identity-law |work=Euronews |date=23 December 2022}} The Minister for Community Safety, the SNP's Ash Regan, resigned before the Stage 2 vote, saying she was concerned the bill could have "negative implications for the safety and dignity of women and girls".{{cite news |title=SNP minister QUITS in protest over transgender law reform bid |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23082568.snp-minister-ash-regan-quits-scottish-governments-gra-reforms/ |last=Morrison |first=Hamish |date=27 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=The National}} Regan left the party within a year.{{Cite news |title=Ash Regan leaps into the abyss... the SNP won't jump in after her |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/23889773.ash-regan-leaps-abyss-snp-wont-jump/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=The Herald|date=30 October 2023 |language=en}}

A January 2022 poll commissioned for the BBC, conducted by Savanta ComRes, found 57% of Scots supported making it easier to obtain a Gender Recognition Certificate; a majority opposed reducing the age for this from 18 to 16. The same poll found that over 40% of people supported self-identification, compared to 37% against it.{{Cite web |title=Scots support gender reform but reject some proposals – the polling results in depth |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19931822.bbc-savanta-comres-poll-finds-scots-support-gender-reform---results-depth/ |date=17 February 2022 |last=Richards |first=Xander |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=The National}}

A 2023 YouGov poll commissioned by The Times found that two thirds of Scottish voters opposed key aspects of the bill, particularly those relating the lowering of the minimum age for applying for a GRC.{{Cite news |last=Andrews |first=Kieran |title=Two thirds of voters oppose SNP's gender reform plans |newspaper=The Times |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/two-thirds-of-voters-oppose-snps-gender-reform-plans-d8wh3wh9w |access-date=2023-01-18 |issn=0140-0460}}

Soon after the passage of the bill, academic commentary began to moot the possibility of an invocation of section 35 of the Scotland Act 1998 to block the bill. On 21 December 2022, Dr Michael Foran, a lecturer in public law at the University of Glasgow, floated the idea that the bill could be blocked as it infringed on the operation of reserved matters.{{Cite web |last=Foran |first=Michael |date=2022-12-21 |title=Michael Foran: Sex, Gender, and the Scotland Act |url=https://ukconstitutionallaw.org/2022/12/21/michael-foran-sex-gender-and-the-scotland-act/ |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=UK Constitutional Law Association |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Daisley |first=Stephen |date=2022-12-23 |title=Are Holyrood and Westminster heading for another Supreme Court showdown? |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/are-holyrood-and-westminster-heading-for-another-supreme-court-showdown/ |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=The Spectator |language=en-US}} On 23 December 2022, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said that it would be "completely reasonable" for the United Kingdom government to block the bill, citing concerns for "women and children's safety".{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/dec/23/rishi-sunak-confirms-uk-could-block-scotlands-gender-recognition-bill |title=Rishi Sunak confirms UK could block Scotland's gender recognition bill |last1=Walker |first1=Peter |last2=Stacey |first2=Kiran |last3=Brooks |first3=Libby |date=23 December 2022 |work=The Guardian}}{{cite news|title=Rishi Sunak says Government could block Nicola Sturgeon's gender Bill|date=22 December 2022|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2022/12/23/rishi-sunak-says-government-could-block-sturgeons-gender-bill/|last=Penna|first=Dominic|access-date=23 December 2022|work=The Daily Telegraph|url-access=subscription}} On 16 January 2023, in response to continued reports that the government was planning to block the bill, Scotland's first minister Nicola Sturgeon called the prospect an "outrage", and stated the UK government was using transgender people as a "political weapon".{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-64291912|title=Gender bill veto would be an outrage – Sturgeon|date=16 January 2023|access-date=16 January 2023|work=BBC News}} Following Jack's announcement in the House of Commons of the UK that the bill would be blocked, Sturgeon said that the dispute would "inevitably end up in court" and that the Scottish government would "vigorously defend" the bill.{{cite news |title=Nicola Sturgeon says gender reform row will go to court |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-64264063 |work=BBC News |access-date=17 January 2023 |date=17 January 2023}}

Kemi Badenoch, the minister for women and equalities, suggested that gender recognition certificates and associated government documents would no longer be recognised in England and Wales if they were from places "where there is a clear indication that the country now no longer has a system at least as rigorous as those in the Gender Recognition Act 2004".{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/10/tories-review-lgbtq-gender-recognition-certificate-deal|title=UK review of gender recognition list risks 'trans travel ban'|last=Brooks|first=Libby|date=10 January 2023|work=The Guardian|access-date=17 January 2023}} On 17 January 2023, the Westminster government released a policy statement on their decision to invoke Section 35. In the statement they set out three primary reasons why they believed the Scottish bill impinged upon reserved matters: firstly, a potential impact on provision of single-sex services authorised under the Equality Act 2010 as a result of creating "two parallel and very different regimes" for issuing gender recognition certificates; secondly, a potential increased risk of fraudulent applications; thirdly, potential impacts on the operation of the Equality Act 2010.{{cite web |last1=P Walker and L Brooks |title=Court battle looms as UK ministers block Scottish gender recognition law|date=17 January 2023 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jan/17/uk-government-formally-blocks-scotlands-gender-recognition-legislation |website=theguardian.com |publisher=Guardian |access-date=18 January 2023}}{{cite web |title=The legal arguments over Holyrood's gender reforms|date=17 January 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-64302496 |website=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC |access-date=18 January 2023}}

Alister Jack and Kemi Badenoch were invited by the Scottish Parliament's Equalities, Human Rights and Civil Justice Committee to give evidence about their decision to block the bill; both declined to attend.{{cite web |last1=R Hunter |title='Absolute disgrace': Alister Jack snubs Holyrood committee invite|date=19 January 2023 |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23263699.absolute-disgrace-alister-jack-snubs-holyrood-committee-invite/ |website=thenational.scot |publisher=The National |access-date=23 January 2023}}{{cite web |last1=A Garton-Crobie |title=Kemi Badenoch declines invitation to Holyrood committee|date=23 January 2023 |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23269754.kemi-badenoch-declines-invitation-holyrood-committee/ |website=thenational.scot |publisher=The National |access-date=23 January 2023}}

Lord Hope of Craighead, formerly deputy president of the UK Supreme Court defended the legality of the UK government's decision and said that the possibility of success of a legal challenge against the decision by the Scottish Government was "very low".{{Cite web |title=Government's s 35 order reasons prompt further argument |url=https://www.lawscot.org.uk/news-and-events/legal-news/governments-s-35-order-reasons-prompt-further-argument/ |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=Law Society of Scotland |language=en}} Former Labour shadow attorney general Baroness Chakrabarti, also defended the legality of the government's decision.{{Cite web |title=Shami Chakrabarti offers unexpected backing for Rishi Sunak's plan to block Scottish gender recognition law While saying she is "sympathetic" to law's aims, "we may have a clash between the position in the UK wide legislation and the position in Scotland" she tells BBC R4 Today |url=https://twitter.com/smyth_chris/status/1614906550849609728 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=Twitter |language=en}}{{better source needed|date=January 2023|reason=Source is a tweet from a journalist from The Times. Is this same content published in The Times or any other UK newspaper?}} Former Labour Lord Chancellor Lord Falconer of Thoroton has tweeted that the UK government's reasons are not justified.{{cite web |title=Gender row legal challenge likely to fail – judge|date=18 January 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-64315517 |website=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC |access-date=18 January 2023}}

Nancy Kelley, the chief executive of Stonewall, and Colin Macfarlane, the director of Stonewall Scotland, said that Sunak was risking "re-toxifying" his government's record on LGBT rights and introducing "an effective trans travel ban". Kelley and Macfarlane were quoted as saying "the UK government sees trans people as a threat to be contained, not citizens to be respected". A Cabinet Office spokesperson responded by saying that trans people "have not and will not be banned" from entering the UK. In contrast to Labour Party leader Keir Starmer, who criticised the bill as "cavalier", Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar supported the bill.{{cite news |last1=Andrews |first1=Kieran |title=SNP's 'cavalier' gender reforms turned Keir Starmer against self-ID |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/snps-cavalier-gender-reforms-turned-keir-starmer-against-self-id-j68mxnr5c |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=The Times |date=26 February 2024}}{{cite news |title=Sir Keir Starmer and Scottish Labour split over self-ID for trans people |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-66315485 |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=BBC News |date=26 July 2023}} Maggie Baska in PinkNews notes that Starmer "faced backlash from other politicians, LGBTQ+ advocates and trans people over his comments on the GRR bill".{{cite news |last1=Baska |first1=Maggie |title=Keir Starmer signals he'll overrule Scottish Labour on trans rights |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/01/28/keir-starmer-overrule-scotland-labour-trans-rights/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=PinkNews |date=28 January 2023}}

{{Commons category|Protests against the blocking of Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill}}

• History of transgender people in the United Kingdom
• Legal status of transgender people
• LGBT rights in Scotland
• LGBT rights in the United Kingdom
• Transgender rights in the United Kingdom

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Category:Transgender law in the United Kingdom

Category:2004 in LGBTQ history

Category:2022 in LGBTQ history

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Category:Transgender history in the United Kingdom

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