Gomortega
{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Expand Spanish|Gomortegaceae|topic=sci|date=December 2009}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| image = Queule Tomé 01.jpg
| image_caption = Gomortega keule in Biobío Region
| grandparent_authority = Reiche{{r|APG3}}
| parent_authority = Ruiz & Pav.
| taxon = Gomortega keule
| synonyms=Adenostemum nitidum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.
Gomortega nitida Ruiz & Pav.
Keulia chilensis Molina
Lucuma keule Molina
| range_map = Gomortega keule range map-2.PNG
}}
Gomortega keule (syn. G. nitida; Spanish names keule, queule, and hualhual) is a species of tree endemic to Chile. It is the sole species of the genus Gomortega and, according to the APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG systems of 2009, 2003 and 1998), of the monotypic family Gomortegaceae, assigned to the order Laurales in the clade magnoliids.
Description
File:Gomortega keule fruits 001.jpg
Evergreen trees, aromatic, gray bark with shallow longitudinal fissures. The leaves are petiolate, simple, entire, obovate to lanceolate, coriaceous. The stems have unilacunar nodes and with two foliar traces. The branches are quadrangular.
The edible fruit is a uni- or tri-locular yellow drupe, usually with 1 (-2) seeds, fleshy mesocarp, pleasant, stony endocarp. There are 1-2 seeds per fruit, with abundant, oily endosperm, large embryo, dicotyledonous. The fruit is about {{convert|34|-|45|mm}} in diameter and edible and sweet, and harvested for making a kind of marmalade.
The chromosome number is n = 21, 2n = 42.
Distribution
{{see also|Maulino forest}}
Gomortega keule grows only in a very narrow habitat range in coastal Central Chile, including the Maulino forest{{cite book |last1=San Martín |first1=José |last2=Donoso |first2=Claudio|author-link2=Claudio Donoso |date=1995|editor-last=Armesto|editor-first=Juan J. |editor-last2=Villagrán|editor-first2=Carolina|editor-last3=Arroyo|editor-first3=Mary Kalin|editor-link2=Carolina Villagrán|editor-link3=Mary Kalin Arroyo |title=Ecología de los bosques nativos de Chile|chapter=Estructura florística e impacto antrópico en el bosque Maulino de Chile|location=Santiago de Chile |publisher=Editorial Universitaria |pages=153–167 |isbn=956-11-1284-1 |language=es|trans-chapter=Floristic structure and human impact on the Maulino forest of Chile}} and parts of the Chilean matorral.C. Michael Hogan & World Wildlife Fund. 2013. [http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/51cbf3e67896bb431f6ae699/ Chilean matorral. ed. M.McGinley. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment]. Washington DC It is a characteristic tree species of the Maulino forest alongside Nothofagus glauca, Nothofagus × leoni, and Nothofagus alessandrii.
The species is threatened by habitat loss. The Maulino forest has mostly been cleared for agriculture and tree plantations of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus. The species' remaining habitat is fragmented, and its populations isolated. It has been affected by fires, including the 2017 Chile wildfires. Populations are protected at Los Queules National Reserve and Los Ruiles National Reserve.
See also
References
{{Reflist|refs=
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External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Gomortega keule |Gomortega keule}}
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Gomortega keule |Gomortega keule}}
=The species=
- Gomortega keule in Encyclopedia of the Chilean Flora
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928223050/http://www.ucm.cl/agronomia/RFGKeul.htm Information on Gomortega keule] (in Spanish)
- [http://www.chilebosque.cl/tree/gkeul.html Pictures and habitat map of Gomortega keule] (in Spanish)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070212073136/http://www.ucm.cl/ProyectoFIA/ Project developed in Chile on Gomortega keule] (in Spanish)
- [http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias/site/artic/20060517/pags/20060517135246.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130101200452/http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias/site/artic/20060517/pags/20060517135246.html |date=2013-01-01 }} (in Spanish)
=The family=
- [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/gomorteg.htm Gomortegaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509194337/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/gomorteg.htm |date=2008-05-09 }} in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ |date=2007-01-03 }}: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006. http://delta-intkey.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ |date=2007-01-03 }}.
- [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=900&taxon_id=10379 e-floras]
- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=63796&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
- [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Gomortegaceae links at CSDL, Texas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012202425/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Gomortegaceae |date=2008-10-12 }}
{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131312}}
Category:Monotypic Laurales genera
Category:Flora of the Chilean Matorral
Category:Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
Category:Taxa named by Juan Ignacio Molina
Category:Flora of the Valdivian temperate forests
Category:Fruits originating in South America