Grise Fiord

File:Grise Fiord Church.jpg

{{main|High Arctic relocation}}

File:View of Grise Fiord.jpg

This community (and that of Resolute) was created by the Canadian government in 1953, partly to assert sovereignty in the High Arctic during the Cold War. Eight Inuit families from Inukjuak, Quebec (on the Ungava Peninsula), were relocated after being promised homes and game to hunt, but the relocated people discovered no buildings and very little familiar wildlife.{{cite web |url=http://www.grisefiord.ca/eng/history.html |title=Grise Fiord: History |publisher=Grisefiord.ca |access-date=10 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228115824/http://www.grisefiord.ca/eng/history.html |archive-date=28 December 2008}} They were told that they would be returned home after a year if they wished, but this offer was later withdrawn, for it would have damaged Canada's claims to sovereignty in the area; the Inuit were forced to stay. Eventually, the Inuit learned the local beluga whale migration routes and were able to survive in the area, hunting over a range of {{cvt|18000|km2}} each year.McGrath, Melanie. The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic. Alfred A. Knopf, 2006 (268 pages) Hardcover: {{ISBN|0-00-715796-7}} Paperback: {{ISBN|0-00-715797-5}}

In 1993, the Canadian government held hearings to investigate the relocation program. The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples issued a report entitled The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation, recommending a settlement.The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation by René Dussault and George Erasmus, produced by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, published by Canadian Government Publishing, 1994 (190 pages){{cite web |url=http://www.fedpubs.com/subject/aborig/arctic_reloc.htm |title=The High Arctic Relocation |access-date=9 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001232453/http://www.fedpubs.com/subject/aborig/arctic_reloc.htm |archive-date=1 October 2009}} The government paid CAD10 million to the survivors and their families,{{cite news |last=Royte |first=Elizabeth |title=Trail of Tears |work=The New York Times |date=8 April 2007|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/08/books/review/Royte.t.html?ex=1188964800&en=4b6eb6a89d7e85dd&ei=5070 }} and gave a formal apology in 2010.{{cite web |title=Apology for the Inuit High Arctic relocation |url=http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100016115/1100100016116 |website=www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca |access-date=4 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183835/http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100016115/1100100016116 |archive-date=9 January 2017}}

In 2009, artist and Grise Fiord resident Looty Pijamini was commissioned by Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated to build a monument to commemorate the Inuit who sacrificed so much as a result of the Government's forced relocation programme of 1953 and 1955. Pijamini's monument, located in Grise Fiord, depicts a woman with a young boy and a husky, with the woman sombrely looking out towards Resolute Bay. Amagoalik's monument, located in Resolute, depicts a lone man looking towards Grise Fiord. This was meant to show separated families, and depicting them longing to see each other again.[http://www.nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/may11_09cr.html "Carvers chosen for Arctic monuments"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325162529/http://www.nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/may11_09cr.html |date=25 March 2012}}, Northern News Services. Retrieved 1 June 2011. The Grise Fiord monument was unveiled by John Duncan, at the time, Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians, on September 10, 2010.[http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ai/mr/nr/s-d2010/23404-eng.asp "Minister Duncan Attends Unveiling of Inuit Relocation Monuments"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009154346/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ai/mr/nr/s-d2010/23404-eng.asp |date=9 October 2010}}, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Retrieved 1 June 2011.[http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/110910_for_grise_fiords_exiles_an_apology_that_came_too_late/ Gabriel Zarate, "For Grise Fiord’s exiles, an apology that came too late"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105153250/http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/110910_for_grise_fiords_exiles_an_apology_that_came_too_late/ |date=5 November 2013 }}, Nunatsiaq Online. Retrieved 1 June 2011.

Grise Fiord was the location for a 1995 BBC television documentary entitled Billy Connolly: A Scot in the Arctic, in which the comedian Billy Connolly camped alone for a week on the pack ice near to the community, armed with a rifle to protect him from polar bears.

Located at the southern tip of Ellesmere Island, Grise Fiord is one of three permanent inhabited places on the island. Farther north on the island, Environment Canada has a permanent weather station at Eureka, and at Alert there is a permanent Canadian Forces Base (CFS Alert) and weather station. Grise Fiord lies {{cvt|1160|km}} north of the Arctic Circle, and is the northernmost civilian community in Canada.{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/grise-fiord-fire-hall-catches-fire-1.2792914 |title=Grise Fiord fire hall catches fire |date=8 October 2014 |publisher=CBC News}}

Grise Fiord is cradled by the Arctic Cordillera mountain range.

Grise Fiord has a tundra climate (Köppen: ETf; Trewartha: Ftkd) with very short, cool summers and long, cold winters lasting almost the entire year.

{{Grise Fiord weatherbox}}

{{Historical populations

| title = Federal census population history of Grise Fiord

| type = Canada

| align = right

| width =

| state =

| shading =

| percentages =

|1976|121

|1981|106

|1986|114

|1991|130

|1996|148

|2001|163

|2006|141

|2011|130

|2016|129

|2021|144

| footnote =

| source = Statistics Canada
{{cite web | url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS94-905-1981.pdf | title=1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=May 1992 | access-date=1 February 2022}}{{cite web | url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS92-101-1987.pdf | title=1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=September 1987 | access-date=1 February 2022}}{{cite web | url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-304-1992.pdf | title=91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=April 1992 | access-date=1 February 2022}}{{cite web | url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2012/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-357-1997.pdf | title=96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=April 1997 | access-date=1 February 2022}}{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?T=1&SR=1&S=1&O=A&PR=62 | title=Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Nunavut) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=15 August 2012 | access-date=1 February 2022}}{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-550/Index.cfm?TPL=P1C&Page=RETR&LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=1&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=62 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Nunavut) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=20 August 2021 | access-date=1 February 2022}}{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=62 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Nunavut) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=25 July 2021 | access-date=1 February 2022}}{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=62 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Nunavut) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=8 February 2017 | access-date=1 February 2022}}

}}

In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Grise Fiord had a population of 144 living in 58 of its 64 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:144-129}}|129|1}} from its 2016 population of 129. With a land area of {{cvt|332.9|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|144|332.9|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000262 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nunavut | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=9 February 2022 | access-date=19 February 2022}}

Just to the north of the community is the actual fiord, Grise Fiord, which means "pig inlet" in Norwegian. Otto Sverdrup from Norway so named it during an expedition around 1900 because he thought walruses in the area sounded like pigs.

The Inuktitut name is {{Lang|iu|ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ}}{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.nu.ca/iu/node/854 |title=ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ |access-date=25 May 2025 |publisher=Elections Nunavut}} ({{Lang|iu-Latn|Aujuittuq}}), which means "place that never thaws".{{cite web|url=https://www.grisefiord.ca/ |title=Hamlet of Grise Fiord |access-date=25 May 2025 | quote=Our Home, Our Community …Aujuittuq}}

File:Nunavut's infamous carver.jpg in his studio]]

The houses are wooden and built on platforms to cope with the freezing and thawing of the permafrost. Hunting is still an important part of the lifestyle of the mostly Inuit population. Quota systems allow the villagers to supply many of their needs from populations of seals, walruses, narwhal and beluga whales, polar bears and muskox. Ecotourism is developing as people come to see the northern wildlife found on Ellesmere and surrounding islands.{{cite web |url=http://www.grisefiord.ca/en/wildlife.html |title=Grise Fiord: Wildlife }}

There are no connecting roads on Ellesmere Island, so Grise Fiord is connected to the rest of the world by a small airstrip (Grise Fiord Airport), {{cvt|1675|ft}} in length. Surrounded by mountains, it has one of the most difficult approaches for aircraft; it is cautioned that only very experienced pilots of Pilatus PC-12, DHC-6 Twin Otter and DHC-7 aircraft attempt the approach.

File:Life size monument.jpg

For local travel needs, the villagers use all-terrain vehicles in the summer and snowmobiles in the winter. During the winter months travel is limited to the town site and a small patch of land to the east, called Nuvuk, due to mountains and ice fields that cut off the town from the rest of the island. Small boats are used in summer to reach hunting grounds, and to hunt sea mammals on the ocean. Once a year large ships (sealift) arrive with supplies and fuel.

The local cooperative is the main place to purchase supplies. There are local guide and outfitting operations, which are an important source of income for many families, as are carving, traditional clothing and other Inuit crafts. Due to the extreme location, the economy is subsistence-based. Because of the potential for avalanches and falling rocks from mountains, there is no room for expansion.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

File:Royal Canadian Mounted Police.jpg station]]

In 1970, Bell Canada established what was then the world's most northerly telephone exchange (operated since 1992 by Northwestel). It is in the 867 area code (formerly 819 before October 1997) with its only exchange code of 980.

Since 2005, the community has been served by the Qiniq network, a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses that connects to the outside world via a satellite backbone. In 2017 the network, designed and operated by SSI Micro, was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice. In 2019, Bell Mobility became available to Grise Fiord.[https://cartt.ca/article/cts-2018-its-not-easy-bring-wireless-top-world CTS 2018: It's not easy to bring wireless to the top of the world]{{cite web |title=Competitive cell service coming to all Nunavut communities by 2019 |date=2017-09-19 |website=CBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210911/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cell-service-nunavut-communities-1.4296826 |archive-date=2022-12-19 |url-status=live |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cell-service-nunavut-communities-1.4296826}}

A Simon Fraser University study of Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) activity in the Baffin Region states that Grise Fiord had the lowest rate of criminal offences of all communities examined in 1992,Curt Taylor Griffiths, Gregory Saville, Darryl S. Wood, and Evelyn Zellerer. POLICING THE BAFFIN REGION, N.W.T.: Findings From the Eastern Arctic Crime and Justice Study, 1995 [http://www.justiceexpert.com/pdfs/Policing%20in%20the%20Arctic.pdf]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} and cites a 1994 Statistics Canada survey indicating that the hamlet has the highest perception of personal safety."Aboriginal Peoples Survey", Statistics Canada, 1994, cited on p17 of Curt Taylor Griffiths, Gregory Saville, Darryl S. Wood, and Evelyn Zellerer, POLICING THE BAFFIN REGION, N.W.T.: Findings From the Eastern Arctic Crime and Justice Study [http://www.justiceexpert.com/pdfs/Policing%20in%20the%20Arctic.pdf]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

• List of municipalities in Nunavut
• Florin Fodor, a Romanian who was arrested trying to enter Canada illegally via Grise Fiord in September 2006.

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://www.grisefiord.ca/ Hamlet of Grise Fiord]
• [http://www.arcticco-op.com/acl-baffin-region-grise-fiord.htm Grise Fiord Inuit Co-operative Limited]
• [https://archive.today/20130101011331/http://www.arcticcircle.ca/Baffin/Grise/ Pictures from 2001–2006]

{{Arctic Cordillera}}

{{Subdivisions of Nunavut}}

Category:Arctic Cordillera

Category:Ellesmere Island

Category:Populated places in Arctic Canada

Category:Hamlets in the Qikiqtaaluk Region

Category:Road-inaccessible communities of Nunavut