Guiyang Miao language
{{Short description|Miao language of Guizhou, China}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Guiyang Miao
|nativename=Hmong
|altname=
|states=China
|region=Guizhou
|ethnicity=
|speakers={{sigfig|192,000|2}}
|date=1995
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Hmong-Mien
|fam2=Hmongic
|fam3=West Hmongic
|fam4=
|dia1=Mo Piu?
|lc1=huj|ld1=Northern
|lc2=hmy|ld2=Southern
|lc3=hmg|ld3=Southwestern
|glotto=guiy1235
|glottorefname=Guiyang
}}
Guiyang Miao, also known as Guiyang Hmong, is a Miao language of China. It is named after Guiyang, Guizhou, though not all varieties are spoken there. The endonym is Hmong, a name it shares with the Hmong language.
Classification
Guiyang was given as a subgroup of Western Hmongic in Wang (1985).{{Cite book |title=Miáoyǔ jiǎnzhì |date=1985 |publisher=Minzu chubanshe |editor-last=Wang |editor-first=Fushi 王辅世 |location=Beijing |language=zh |script-title=zh:苗语简志}} Matisoff (2001) separated the three varieties as distinct Miao languages, not forming a group. Wang (1994) adds another two minor, previously unclassified varieties.{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Yunbing 李云兵 |title=Miáoyǔ fāngyán huàfēn yíliú wèntí yánjiū |date=2000 |publisher=Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe |location=Beijing Shi |language=zh |script-title=zh:苗语方言划分遗留问题研究}}
Mo Piu, spoken in northern Vietnam, may be a divergent variety of Guiyang Miao.{{Cite conference |last=Ly Van Tu |first=Jean-Cyrille |last2=Vittrant |first2=Alice |date=2014 |title=Place of Mơ Piu in the Hmong Group: A Proposal |url=https://www.academia.edu/11575965 |conference=Presented at SEALS 24, Yangon, Myanmar |language=en |via=Academia.edu}}
Representative dialects of Guiyang Miao include:{{Cite web |last=Mortensen |first=David |date=2004 |title=The Development of Tone Sandhi in Western Hmongic: A New Hypothesis |url=http://www.pitt.edu/~drm31/development_whmongic_tone_sandhi.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724123138/http://www.pitt.edu/~drm31/development_whmongic_tone_sandhi.pdf |archive-date=2008-07-24 |language=en |via=pitt.edu}}
- Baituo 摆托, Huaxi District, Guiyang
- Tieshi 铁石, Qianxi County
- Zhongba 中坝, Changshun County
Demographics
Below is a list of Miao dialects and their respective speaker populations and distributions from Li (2018),{{cite book |last=Li |first=Yunbing 李云兵 |date=2018 |title=Miao Yao yu bijiao yanjiu 苗瑶语比较研究 (A comparative study of Hmong-Mien languages) |location=Beijing |publisher=The Commercial Press |oclc=1112270585 |isbn=9787100165068}} along with representative datapoints from Wang (1985).Wang Fushi 王辅世. 1985. Miaoyu jianzhi 苗语简志. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社.
| class="wikitable"
! Dialect !! Speakers !! Counties !! Representative datapoint (Wang 1985) | |||
| North | 70,000 | Guiyang (in Huaxi, Xiaohe, Baiyun, Wudang districts), Qingzhen, Kaiyang, Xifeng, Xiuwen, Anshun, Pingba, Zhenning, Qianxi, Jinsha, Zhijin, Longli, Guiding | Baituo 摆托寨, Qingyan Township 青岩乡, Huaxi District 花溪区, Guiyang City |
| South | 20,000+ | Anshun, Zhenning | Wangjiashan 汪家山, Huayan Township 华严乡, Anshun City |
| Southwest | 60,000 | Guiyang (in Huaxi, Wudang, Baiyun districts), Qingzhen, Anshun, Pingba, Ziyun, Changshun | Kaisa Village 凯洒村, Machang Township 马场乡, Pingba County |
| Northwest | 6,000 | Qingzhen, Qianxi, Longlin | Tieshi Township 铁石苗族彝族乡, Qianxi County |
| South-Central | 6,000 | Ziyun, Zhenning | Hongyanzhai 红岩寨, Baiyun Township 白云乡, Ziyun County |
According to Sun (2017), the northern dialect of Guiyang Miao is spoken in the following locations by a total of approximately 60,000 speakers.{{cite book|isbn=9787105142385 |editor-last=Sun|editor-first=Hongkai 孙宏开|editor-last2=Ting|editor-first2=Pang-hsin 丁邦新|publisher=Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社|year=2017|url=http://www.kaom.net/mzy_hzyyyhch.php|title=Hanzangyu yuyin he cihui 汉藏语语音和词汇|location=Beijing|page=40}}
- Pingba County: Linka 林卡
- Qianxi County: Chongxin 重新, Shiping 石平
- Jinsha County: Musha 木沙, Bijia 笔架, Zongping 宗平, Dayuan 大员, Xinxi 新西, Anmin 安民, Taoyuan 桃园
- Zhenning County: Xinchang 新场
- Kaiyang, Xifeng, Xiuwen, Guiding, and other counties
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Hmong-Mien languages}}
{{Languages of China}}
Category:West Hmongic languages
{{HmongMien-lang-stub}}