Gulmarg

{{Short description|Town in Kashmir, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Gulmarg

| settlement_type = Hill Station

| image_skyline = {{multiple image

| border = infobox

| total_width = 260

| image_style =

| perrow = 1/2/1

| image1 = Gulmarg - Jannat on Earth.jpg

| image2=Flora of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.jpg

| image3= Gulmarg-Gondala.JPG

| image4= Gulmarg gondola.JPG

}}

| image_alt =

| image_caption = Houses in Gulmarg, Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary, Gulmarg Gondola

| nickname =

| image_map =

| map_alt =

| map_caption =

| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India

| pushpin_label_position = right

| pushpin_map_alt =

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu & Kashmir, India

| coordinates = {{coord|34.05|N|74.38|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}

| subdivision_type1 = {{nowrap|Union Territory}}

| subdivision_type2 = District

| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Government of Jammu and Kashmir.svg}} Jammu and Kashmir

| subdivision_name2 = Baramulla

| established_title =

| established_date =

| founder =

| named_for =

| government_type =

| governing_body =

| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 =

| area_rank =

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m = 2650

| population_total = 1965

| population_as_of = 2011

| population_footnotes =

| demographics_type1 = Languages

| demographics1_title1 = Official

| demographics1_info1 = Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Dogri, English{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_rank =

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| timezone1 = IST

| utc_offset1 = +5:30

| postal_code_type = PIN

| postal_code = 193403

| registration_plate =

| website = {{URL|baramulla.nic.in/tourist-place/gulmarg}}

| footnotes =

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| native_name =

| native_name_lang = ks

}}

Gulmarg ({{IPA|ur|ɡʊlməɾɡ}}), known as Gulmarag{{Cite book|last1=Toshakhani|first1=S.K|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.241983/mode/2up|title=Kashir Dictionary|last2=Koul|first2=Lal|last3=Hajni|first3=Mohiuddin|last4=Pushp|first4=P|last5=Mohiuddin|first5=Akhtar|publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts Culture and Languages|year=1968–1980|volume=5|pages=362|language=ks}} ({{IPA|ks|ɡulmarɨɡ}}; {{lit|meadow of flowers}} in Kashmiri), is a town, hill station, tourist destination, skiing destination, and a notified area committee{{Cite book |last=Plumbe |first=Wilfred John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVgcAAAAMAAJ&q=Gulmarg+,+meaning+%27+Meadow+of+Flowers+%27+was+8,500+feet+above+sea+level |title=The Golden Pagoda Tree: Adventures in Southeast Asia |publisher=Grey Seal |year=1990 |isbn=9781856400039 |pages=211 |quote=Gulmarg, meaning 'Meadow of Flowers' was 8,500 feet above sea level'}}{{Cite web |date=2016-11-28 |title=Kashmir: One of the World's Longest Ongoing Conflicts Re-Ignited in 2016 - Berkeley Political Review |url=https://bpr.studentorg.berkeley.edu/2016/11/28/kashmir-one-of-the-worlds-longest-ongoing-conflicts-re-ignited-in-2016/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2024-11-21 |title=Kashmir {{!}} History, People, Conflict, Map, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}} in the Baramulla district of the northern Kashmir Valley of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, within the larger disputed Kashmir region.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/travel/a-family-ski-adventure-in-the-himalayas.html|title=A Family Ski Adventure in the Himalayas|website=The New York Times|date=14 January 2019 |last1=Gettleman |first1=Jeffrey }}{{cite book|title=through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/178 178]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}

It is located at a distance of {{Convert|31|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Baramulla and {{Convert|49|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Srinagar. The town is situated in the India’s well known Pir Panjal Range in the Western Himalayas and lies within the boundaries of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.{{Cite web|title=COMPLIANCE REPORT of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary: A Biodiversity Hotspot|url=http://jkwildlife.com/pdf/sanc/Compliance%20Report%20Gulmarg%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary.pdf|access-date=16 November 2020|website=jkwildlife.com|archive-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225005715/http://jkwildlife.com/pdf/sanc/Compliance%20Report%20Gulmarg%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Etymology

Kashmir has many summer retreats suffixed with the word -marg: Sonamarg, Tangmarg, Gulmarg, Khilanmarg, Yousmarg, and Nagmarg. Gulmarg is one of the Margs that has historical importance for Kashmiris.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Gulmarg is a compound word or portmanteau of two Persian words, Gul and Marg. Gul means flowers and Marg means meadow.

History

File:Gulmarg in 1969.jpg

Yousuf Shah Chak, who ruled Kashmir from 1579 to 1586, frequented the place with his queen Habba Khatoon and renamed it 'Gulmarg' ("meadow of flowers") from Gaurimarg (meaning "the path of Goddess Gauri"), the name used by locals in reverence to Goddess Parvati(Wife of Lord Shiva).{{Cite web |title=Baramulla Website mentioning the history |url=https://baramulla.nic.in/tourist-place/gulmarg/?utm_source=chatgpt.com}}{{cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=B.K.|title=Tourist Centers Of India|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrLcFkhRZPYC&pg=PA82|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7182-137-2|page=82}}{{cite web |url=http://gulmarggondola.com/about_gulmarg.php |title=About Gulmarg |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir State Cable Car Corporation |access-date=6 February 2015}} Wild flowers of 21 different varieties were collected by the Mughal emperor Jahangir for his gardens in Gulmarg.{{cite book|last1=Lovell-Hoare|first1=Sophie|last2=Lovell-Hoare|first2=Max|title=Kashmir: Jammu. Kashmir Valley. Ladakh. Zanskar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7mJQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210|date=1 July 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-396-2|pages=208–11}} In the 19th century, British civil servants started using Gulmarg as a retreat to escape summers in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Hunting and golfing were their favorite pastime and three golf courses were established in Gulmarg including one exclusively for women.{{cite book|last=Mitra|first=Swati|title=Jammu & Kashmir: Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5WFU8G7hiEYC&pg=PA30|year=2013|publisher=Eicher Goodearth Limited|isbn=978-93-80262-45-1|pages=30–36}} One of the golf courses is located at an altitude of {{convert|2650|m|ft}} is the world's highest golf course. In 1927, British established a ski club in Gulmarg and two annual ski events were hosted, one during Christmas and Easter.{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Thomas|title=Gulmarg - Kashmir - India|url=http://www.skimuseum.ca/documents/annuals/1934_pt13_pg31-32.pdf|access-date=9 February 2018|work=Canadian Ski Year Book 1934}}{{cite web |url=http://jktourism.org/index.php/destinations/kashmir/gulmarg1 |title=Gulmarg |publisher=Official Website of Jammu and Kashmir Tourism |access-date=6 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206230324/http://jktourism.org/index.php/destinations/kashmir/gulmarg1 |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=dead }} Central Asian explorer Aurel Stein also visited Gulmarg during this period.

After the end of British rule in India, Gulmarg became a part of the independent Dogra princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. Pakistan planned an invasion of the state called Operation Gulmarg. One of the routes used by the invading militia of Pathan tribesmen, armed and supported by Pakistani regular troops, passed through the Haji Pir pass and Gulmarg headed towards the state capital Srinagar. Gulmarg fell to the invading army, but the Indian Army, led by the 1st Sikh Regiment, successfully defended the outskirts of Srinagar.{{cite book|last=Krishna|first=Ashok|title=India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGIkXCsgT2UC&pg=PA12|year=1998|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-47-9|pages=12–15}}{{cite web |url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/interviews/defence-of-srinagar-1947/ |title=Defence of Srinagar 1947 |last=Sarkar |first=Bhaskar |date=1 November 2014 |access-date=9 February 2015}} Thereafter, Indian counterattacks pushed the tribesmen back - many towns, including Gulmarg, were recaptured.{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=Shankar|title=The Gallant Dogras: An Illustrated History of the Dogra Regiment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Wxsgt6_0TYC&pg=PA94|year=2005|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7062-268-0|pages=93–97}} In 1948, Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg which later became the High Altitude Warfare School.{{cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=1 May 2004 |title=High-altitude warfare school takes global aim |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/High-altitude-warfare-school-takes-global-aim/articleshow/651951.cms |newspaper=Times of India |location=New Delhi |access-date=9 February 2015}} On 1 January 1949, the war ended under UN supervision and a Ceasefire line (CFL), which was rechristened the Line of Control (LOC) by the Shimla Agreement of 1972,{{cite book|last=Karim|first=Afsir|title=Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoqwQb38SQEC&pg=PA142|year=1991|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7062-127-0|pages=142–145}} was established near Gulmarg.{{cite news |last=Rafiq |first=Zahid |date=26 February 2009 |title=Ski respite for war weary Kashmiris |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7899152.stm |newspaper=BBC News |location=Gulmarg |access-date=9 February 2015}}

After Indian Independence, Indian planners sought to develop a destination for winter sports in India. In 1960, the Department of Tourism of the Government of India invited Rudolph Matt to select a suitable location for such a purpose. Matt determined Gulmarg would serve as a suitable location as a winter sports destination. In 1968, the Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering was established in Gulmarg to train ski instructors. Over the next decade, Indian planners invested {{INRConvert|30|m}} to transform Gulmarg into a world-class ski destination. Gulmarg became a centre for skiers from Asian nations.{{cite book|last=Seth|first=Pran Nath|title=Successful Tourism: Volume I: Fundamentals of Tourism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkgnSKQiOgsC&pg=PA175|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-3199-8|pages=175–176}} In the mid-1980s, heli-skiing was introduced in Gulmarg.

In the 1990s, the rise of insurgents in Jammu and Kashmir affected tourism in Gulmarg. However, tourism started to recover in late 1990s. Work on the cable car project between Gulmarg and Apharwat Peak, which was commissioned in 1988 by Government of Jammu and Kashmir, resumed in 1998 after being put on hold due to security concerns. In May 1998, Phase 1 of the project, between Gulmarg and Kongdori, began its commercial operation. In May 2005, Phase 2 of the project was completed, making it one of the longest and highest ropeways of Asia. The chairlift installed as a part of Phase 3 of the project began its operations in 2011. The National Winter Games were held in Gulmarg in 1998, 2004 and 2008.{{cite web |url=http://www.gulmarggondola.com/about_gondola.php |title=About Gondola |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir State Cable Car Corporation |access-date=6 February 2015}} In 2014, Government of Jammu and Kashmir drafted a Master Plan–2032 for Gulmarg. The plan includes development of a solid-waste treatment plant on 20 acres of land close to Gulmarg.{{cite web |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2014/May/31/draft-master-plan-2032-for-gulmarg-74.asp |title=Draft Master Plan-2032 for Gulmarg |last=Wani |first=Arif Shafi |date=30 May 2014 |access-date=6 February 2015}}

Geography and geology

Gulmarg lies in a cup-shaped valley in the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas, at an altitude of, {{convert|2650|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 56 km from Srinagar. The soil in Gulmarg comprises glacial deposits, lacustrine deposits, and moraines of Pleistocene age covering shales, limestones, sandstones, schists and other varieties of rocks.{{cite book|last=Vaidya|first=Balkrishna C.|title=Geography of Transport Development in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUWxZVRHB90C&pg=PA349|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-957-5|page=354}} The natural meadows of Gulmarg, which are covered with snow in winter, allow the growth of wild flowers such as daisies, forget-me-nots and buttercups during spring and summer. The meadows are interspersed by enclosed parks and small lakes, and surrounded by forests of green pine and fir. Skiing and other winter sports in Gulmarg are carried out on the slopes of Apharwat peak at a height of {{convert|4267|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}. Many points on Apharwat peak and Khilanmarg offer a panoramic view of Nanga Parbat and Harmukh mountains.

=Climate=

Due to its high elevation, Gulmarg has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) where the wet winter season sees heavy snowfall, especially for its latitude. Summers are moderate in temperature and length, whereas shoulder seasons are relatively cool.

{{Weather box

| location = Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir (1991-2020, extremes 1907-2020)

| single line = Y

| metric first = Y

| Jan high C =0.7

| Feb high C =1.8

| Mar high C =5.4

| Apr high C =10.4

| May high C =15.6

| Jun high C =19.3

| Jul high C =21.1

| Aug high C =20.5

| Sep high C =18.5

| Oct high C =14.2

| Nov high C = 9.0

| Dec high C = 4.6

| year high C =11.9

| Jan low C =-7.7

| Feb low C =-6.4

| Mar low C =-2.7

| Apr low C =1.9

| May low C =6.1

| Jun low C =9.4

| Jul low C =12.0

| Aug low C =11.7

| Sep low C =8.6

| Oct low C =3.8

| Nov low C =-0.6

| Dec low C =-4.8

| year low C =2.8

| Jan mean C =-3.5

| Feb mean C =-2.3

| Mar mean C =1.4

| Apr mean C =6.2

| May mean C =10.9

| Jun mean C =14.4

| Jul mean C =16.6

| Aug mean C =16.1

| Sep mean C =13.6

| Oct mean C =9.0

| Nov mean C =4.2

| Dec mean C =-0.1

| year mean C =7.4

| Jan avg record high C = 6.1

| Feb avg record high C = 7.1

| Mar avg record high C = 11.8

| Apr avg record high C = 18.0

| May avg record high C = 21.3

| Jun avg record high C = 24.7

| Jul avg record high C = 25.5

| Aug avg record high C = 24.2

| Sep avg record high C = 22.5

| Oct avg record high C = 19.4

| Nov avg record high C = 14.5

| Dec avg record high C = 9.8

| year avg record high C = 26.3

| Jan avg record low C = -12.4

| Feb avg record low C = -11.1

| Mar avg record low C = -8.4

| Apr avg record low C = -3.4

| May avg record low C = 1.2

| Jun avg record low C = 4.8

| Jul avg record low C = 7.9

| Aug avg record low C = 7.8

| Sep avg record low C = 4.7

| Oct avg record low C = -0.4

| Nov avg record low C = -5.0

| Dec avg record low C = -8.7

| year avg record low C = -12.8

|rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm =161.3

| Feb rain mm =207.5

| Mar rain mm =215.6

| Apr rain mm =166.2

| May rain mm =139.3

| Jun rain mm =101.6

| Jul rain mm =101.7

| Aug rain mm =101.0

| Sep rain mm =75.9

| Oct rain mm =47.7

| Nov rain mm =57.2

| Dec rain mm =74.1

| year rain mm = 1449.2

| unit rain days =

| Jan rain days = 8.6

| Feb rain days = 10.2

| Mar rain days = 11.5

| Apr rain days = 11.4

| May rain days = 10.1

| Jun rain days = 8.9

| Jul rain days = 8.3

| Aug rain days = 8.2

| Sep rain days = 5.8

| Oct rain days = 3.7

| Nov rain days = 3.7

| Dec rain days = 4.7

| year rain days = 95.3

| Jan record high C =11.5

| Feb record high C =11.4

| Mar record high C =18.0

| Apr record high C =23.6

| May record high C =28.0

| Jun record high C =29.4

| Jul record high C =31.2

| Aug record high C =27.0

| Sep record high C =26.0

| Oct record high C =23.4

| Nov record high C = 20.0

| Dec record high C = 15.8

| year record high C =31.2

| Jan record low C =-27.2

| Feb record low C =-31.6

| Mar record low C =-14.8

| Apr record low C =-8.7

| May record low C =-3.2

| Jun record low C = -3.9

| Jul record low C =2.8

| Aug record low C =2.7

| Sep record low C =-2.8

| Oct record low C =-6.5

| Nov record low C = -13.4

| Dec record low C = -24.3

| year record low C =-31.6

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 76

| Feb humidity = 77

| Mar humidity = 72

| Apr humidity = 66

| May humidity = 65

| Jun humidity = 64

| Jul humidity = 73

| Aug humidity = 74

| Sep humidity = 66

| Oct humidity = 59

| Nov humidity = 60

| Dec humidity = 67

| year humidity = 68

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = April 7, 2024

}}{{cite web

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| title = Extremes of Temperature and Rainfall for Indian Stations (up to 2012)

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = April 7, 2024

}}

}}

Demographics

{{pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Religion in Gulmarg (2025){{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/baramula/tangmarg/gulmarg-mc-population.html|title=Gulmarg population|work=Census India 2011|accessdate=10 July 2021}}

|label1 = Hinduism

|value1 = 12.4

|color1 = DarkOrange

|label2 = Islam

|value2 = 86.6

|color2 = Green

|label3 = Sikhism

|value3 = 0.4

|color3 = Yellow

|label4 = Christianity

|value4 = 0.6

|color4 = Blue

}}

At the 2011 Indian census, Gulmarg had a total population of 1,965 over 77 households. The male population in the town stood at 1,957 while there were only eight females and no children between the ages of 0 and 6 years. Gulmarg had an average literacy rate of 99.24%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes constituted 0.61% and 0.15% of the population respectively.{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800009-gulmarg-jammu-and-kashmir.html |title= Gulmarg Population Census 2011 |access-date=9 February 2015 |publisher= Census Commission of India}} Gulmarg has few permanent residents with most residents being tourists or those involved in the tourism industry.

Tourism

File:Gulmarg, India.jpg

According to CNN, Gulmarg is the "heartland of winter sports in India" and was rated as Asia's seventh best ski destination.{{cite web|title=Kashmir ski paradise beckons|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2004-02-23/travel/kashmir.ski_1_snowboarders-and-skiers-country-snowboarding-gulmarg?_s=PM:TRAVEL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307220539/http://articles.cnn.com/2004-02-23/travel/kashmir.ski_1_snowboarders-and-skiers-country-snowboarding-gulmarg?_s=PM:TRAVEL|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2012|publisher=CNN}}{{cite web|title=Gulmarg rated Asia's seventh best ski resort|work=dailybhaskar |date=26 November 2010 |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/gulmarg-rated-asias-seventh-best-ski-resort-1588901.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717034237/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/gulmarg-rated-asias-seventh-best-ski-resort-1588901.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 July 2011|publisher=Daily Bhaskar}} The town is accessible from Srinagar by road via Tangmarg.

The road climbs uphill in the last 12 kilometres to Gulmarg passing through forests of pine and fir. Winter sports like skiing, tobogganing, snowboarding and heli-skiing take place on the slopes of Mount Apharwat reachable by a Gondola lift.

= Gulmarg Gondola =

File:Gulmarg Gondola, Cable Car.JPG]]

Built by the French company Pomagalski, the Gulmarg Gondola is 2nd highest in the world{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} reaching 3,979 metres.{{cite web|title=Gulmarg among 7 top ski resorts in Asia: CNN Int'l|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/Nov/25/gulmarg-among-7-top-ski-resorts-in-asia-cnn-int-l-30.asp|website=greaterkashmir.com|publisher=Greater Kashmir}} The two-stage ropeway ferries about 600 people per hour between Gulmarg and a shoulder of nearby Apharwat Peak ({{convert|4200|m|ft}}). The first stage transfers from Gulmarg at {{convert|2600|m|ft}} to Kongdoori at {{convert|3080|m|ft}}. The second stage which has 36 cabins and 18 towers, takes passengers to a height of {{convert|3950|m|ft}} on the Apharwat Peak {{convert|4200|m|ft}}. A chair lift system connects Kongdoori with Mary's shoulder for taking skiers to higher altitudes. The high inflow of tourists has had an effect on the fragile eco-system of Gulmarg and activists have demanded tighter regulation to save the environment of the area from over-tourism.{{cite journal | last1 = Choudhury | first1 = A.U. | year = 2011 | title = Tourism pressure on high elevation IBAs | url = | journal = Mistnet | volume = 12 | issue = 1| pages = 11–12 }}

File:K-Line Adventures Gulmarg Terrain Map Alpine Zone v2.pngAn accident occurred on 15 June 2017 due to an enormous pine tree being uprooted by a gust of wind and breaking the perspex windows on one of the gondola cabins, causing it to swing violently and its seven occupants to fall {{convert|100|ft|m|abbr=on|0}} to the ground.{{Cite news|url=https://klineadventures.com/gulmarg-gondola-claims-7-lives/|title=Gulmarg Gondola claims 7 lives in tragic accident {{!}} K-Line Adventures|date=26 June 2017|work=K-Line Adventures|access-date=14 September 2017|language=en-US}}

=Igloo cafe and Igloo restaurant=

In February 2022, the world's largest igloo cafe was opened in Gulmarg.{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/travel/story/world-s-largest-igloo-cafe-in-gulmarg-can-seat-40-guests-details-here-1909932-2022-02-07|title='World's largest' Igloo Cafe in Gulmarg can seat 40 guests. Details here|date=7 February 2022 }} It was made with a height of 37.5 feet and a diameter of 44.5 feet.{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/largest-igloo-cafe-comes-up-in-gulmarg-can-seat-40-guests-7758794/|title='Largest' igloo café comes up in Gulmarg, can seat 40 guests|date=6 February 2022 }} Around 40 people can eat there at a time.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/travel-news/worlds-largest-igloo-cafe-is-now-open-in-jks-gulmarg/articleshow/89833789.cms|title=World's largest igloo cafe is now open in J&K's Gulmarg|website=The Times of India }} In 2023, a glass igloo restaurant was developed by Kolahoi Green Heights, a hotel in Gulmarg.{{cite web|url=https://hospitality.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/restaurants/indias-first-glass-igloo-restaurant-in-j-ks-gulmarg/97453852|title=India's first glass igloo restaurant in J-K's Gulmarg}}{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/in-pics-india-s-first-glass-igloo-restaurant-in-kashmir-s-gulmarg-11675220879161.html|title=In Pics: India's first glass igloo restaurant in Kashmir's Gulmarg|work=mint |date=February 2023 }}

=Maharani Temple=

File:Ancient Temple, Gulmarg.jpg

Maharani Temple (commonly known as Shiv Temple of Gulmarg) was built by a Hindu ruler Maharaja Hari Singh for his wife Maharani Mohini Bai Sisodia in 1915.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/fire-destroys-gulmarg-shiva-temple-with-kashmirs-royal-links/articleshow/110746198.cms|title=Fire destroys Gulmarg Shiva temple with Kashmir's royal links|work=The Times of India |date=6 June 2024 }}{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/srinagar/fire-destroys-109-yr-old-shiva-temple-in-kashmir-valley/articleshow/110751259.cms|title=Fire destroys 109-yr-old Shiva temple in Kashmir Valley|work=The Times of India |date=6 June 2024 }}{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/fire-damages-gulmargs-century-old-shiv-temple-9374869/|title=Fire damages Gulmarg's century-old Shiv temple|date=6 June 2024 }} This temple was considered as the stately possession of the Dogra kings. The temple is dedicated to Shiva and Parvati. This temple is visible from all corners of Gulmarg.{{Cite web|url=https://www.discoveredindia.com/jammu-and-kashmir/attractions/temples/maharani-temple.htm..|title=Maharani Temple Gulmarg Kashmir}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The temple is a popular tourist destination and shooting of some of the popular songs like “Jai Jai Shiv Shankar” from 1974 Hindi film Aap Ki Kasam was done here.{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/jammu-and-kashmir-gulmargs-jai-jai-shiv-shankar-song-famed-rani-temple-destroyed-in-fire-2549240-2024-06-05|title=Gulmarg's 'Jai Jai Shiv Shankar' song famed temple destroyed in fire|date=5 June 2024 }}

=St Mary's Church=

File:St. Mary's Church, Gulmarg.jpg

St Mary's Church is located in the valley of Shepherds in Gulmarg.{{Cite news|url=http://www.buzzntravel.com/st-marys-church_2|title=St. Mary's Church Gulmarg India Travel Guide {{!}} Location {{!}} History {{!}} about & facts of St. Mary's Church {{!}} Gulmarg {{!}} Buzzntravel.com|work=Buzzntravel|access-date=16 May 2017|language=en}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalvisiontours.com/Kashmir/gulmarg/st-mary-church.aspx |title=St Mary Church - tourist attraction in gulmarg |website=www.globalvisiontours.com |access-date=16 May 2017}}

It was built in 1902, during the period of British rule, and was constructed in a British style. Made of grey brick with a green roof and decorated wooden interior walls, it has been described as a "Victorian architectural wonder".{{cite web|title=St Mary Church - Gulmarg|url=http://www.kashmirhills.com/destinations/gulmarg/st-marys-church-gulmarg/|website=www.kashmirhills.com|access-date=18 May 2017}}

In 1920 the church saw the wedding of the brother of Bruce Bairnsfather; Miss Eleanor Hardy Tipping married Capt. T. D. Bairnsfather, with newspapers describing the church as "very prettily decorated" and with the service conducted by Rev Canon Buckwell in the presence of both organ and a full choir.{{cite news|title=Wedding at Gulmarg - Bruce Bairnsfather's Brother|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3h5DAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA10-PA38|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Pioneer Mail|date=17 September 1920|pages=38}}{{cite book|last1=Holt|first1=Major Tonie|last2=Holt|first2=Valmai|title=The Biography of Captain Bruce Bairnsfather: In Search of the Better Ole|date=1995|publisher=Milestone Publications|isbn=9781473827233|edition=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiUeCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT180|access-date=18 May 2017}}

St Mary's was closed for years but was renovated and reopened in 2003, holding its first Christmas service there for 14 years.{{Cite web|url=https://www.holidaymine.com/blog/gulmarg/1639|title=Gulmarg|website=www.holidaymine.com|language=en|access-date=16 May 2017}} The church belongs to the Diocese of Amritsar, Church Of North India.

Sport

= Gulmarg Winter Games 2020 =

The first-ever Khelo India Winter Games were held from 7 March at Gulmarg in Jammu and Kashmir. Around 955 participants took part in the 5-day event. Organised by Jammu and Kashmir Sports Council in collaboration Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Games included various sports disciplines at the ski resort of Gulmarg in north Kashmir from 7 to 11 March.{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/gulmarg-to-host-5-day-national-winter-games-from-march-7-2020/as74285557.cms |title=Gulmarg to host 5-day national winter games from March 7, 2020 {{!}} Times of India Travel |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225011851/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/gulmarg-to-host-5-day-national-winter-games-from-march-7-2020/as74285557.cms |archive-date=25 February 2020}}

=Avalanche information center=

In 2008, an American avalanche forecaster named Brian Newman began an NGO named Gulmarg Avalanche Center. The purpose of this organization was to dispense daily avalanche risk bulletins to visitors entering the unmanaged backcountry surrounding the Gulmarg ski area. The center provides avalanche education including a free weekly avalanche awareness talk during the winter season.

Events

An annual three-day Gulmarg Winter Festival is held in March. Budding artists in the fields of music, films and photography are given an opportunity to showcase their work during the festival.

See also

References