HQ-9#DWL002 passive sensor

The HQ-9 is a derivative of the Russian S-300.{{cite report |last1=Bronk |first1=Justin |date=January 2020 |title=Modern Russian and Chinese Integrated Air Defence Systems: The Nature of the Threat, Growth Trajectory and Western Options |url=https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/occasional-papers/modern-russian-and-chinese-integrated-air-defence-systems-nature-threat-growth-trajectory-and/ |publisher=Royal United Services Institute |page=20 |access-date=11 December 2021}} Justin Bronk of the Royal United Services Institute describes the missile as a "hybrid design based on the Russian SA-20 but with radar, seeker head and C2 elements heavily influenced by American and Israeli technology."

The missile uses track-via-missile (TVM) guidance combining inertial guidance, mid-course uplink, and terminal active radar.{{cite web|url=https://www.army-technology.com/projects/hong-qi-9-hq-9-air-defence-missile-system/?cf-view |title=Hong Qi 9 (HQ-9) Air Defence Missile System |website=Army Technology |date=28 May 2021 }} The TVM used on earlier missiles may have been developed from a United States MIM-104 Patriot missile purchased from Israel or Germany.

According to a 2001 article from Defence International, the HQ-9 is 6.8 m. long with a mass of nearly two tons. The diameters of the first and second stages are 700 mm and 560 mm, respectively. The warhead mass is 180 kg, and the maximum speed is Mach 4.2. The HQ-9 may use fire-control radars from other Chinese SAM systems.{{cite journal |author=「黃河」 |date=January 2001 |title=巡天神箭 紅旗9號與紅旗家族動態 |journal=Defence International |issue=114 |pages=72–81 |url=http://www.diic.com.tw}}

File:HQ-9 Surface-to-air missiles 20170919.jpg

File:HQ-9 September 3.JPG

; Air defense

• {{vanchor |HQ-9}} — Original variant. NATO reporting name: CH-SA-9.

File:PLANS Changchun (150), Penang Strait, Penang.jpg

• {{vanchor |HHQ-9}} — Naval surface-launched variant. NATO reporting name is CH-SA-N-9.
• {{vanchor |HQ-9A}} — Improved version, first tested in 1999 and service entry in 2001.{{cite web |title=HQ-9/-15, and RF-9 (HHQ-9 and S-300) (China), Defensive weapons |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/HQ-915-and-RF-9-HHQ-9-and-S-300-China.html |website=Jane's Information Group |date=7 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503102455/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/HQ-915-and-RF-9-HHQ-9-and-S-300-China.html |archive-date=3 May 2012}}
• {{vanchor |HQ-9B}} — Improved version with a range of up to 260 km and added passive infrared seeker. Reportedly tested in February 2006. NATO reporting name is CH-SA-21.
• {{vanchor |HHQ-9B}} — Naval surface-launched variant of HQ-9B; NATO reporting name is CH-SA-N-21.

; Ballistic missile defense and anti-satellite

• {{vanchor |HQ-19}} (NATO reporting name: CH-AB-2){{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39093/china-claims-it-has-conducted-a-new-midcourse-intercept-anti-ballistic-missile-test |title=China Claims It Has Conducted A New Midcourse Intercept Anti-Ballistic Missile Test |website=The Drive |date=4 February 2021 |first=Joseph |last=Trevithick }} – Anti-ballistic missile variant, reportedly designed to counter medium-range ballistic missiles. It targets ballistic missiles in their midcourse and terminal phases, and it is comparable to the US THAAD.{{cite web |last1=Saunders |first1=Phillip C. |title=Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on China's Nuclear Forces |url=https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2021-06/Phillip_Saunders_Testimony.pdf |website=U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission |date=10 June 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021}} The missile may have "begun preliminary operations" by 2018.{{cite report |author=United States Office of the Secretary of Defense |author-link=Office of the Secretary of Defense |date=2018 |title=Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2018.

|url=https://media.defense.gov/2018/Aug/16/2001955282/-1/-1/1/2018-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817193255/https://media.defense.gov/2018/Aug/16/2001955282/-1/-1/1/2018-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 August 2018 |page=60 |access-date=11 December 2021}}

; Export

• {{vanchor |FD-2000}} – Export variant with a range of 125 km. May be fitted with YLC-20 passive radar against stealthy targets.{{cite web |last1=Hasik |first1=James |title=Chinese Anti-Aircraft Missiles for Turkey? Some Implications for Security and Industry |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/defense-industrialist/chinese-anti-aircraft-missiles-for-turkey-some-implications-for-security-and-industry/ |website=Atlantic Council |date=2 October 2013 |access-date=11 December 2021}} May use the HT-233 target-acquisition radar, Type 120 low-altitude search radar, and Type 305A AESA search radar.
• {{vanchor |FD-2000B}} – Export variant with a range of 250 km.[https://www.challenge.ma/le-maroc-receptionne-le-systeme-de-defense-anti-aerienne-chinois-fd-2000b-228792/]
• {{vanchor |HQ-9P}} – Custom variant for Pakistan. Range of 125 km for interception against aircraft and around 25 km against cruise missiles.{{cite web|title=Pakistan unveils aircraft and rocket programs, parades military tech|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2024/03/27/pakistan-unveils-aircraft-and-rocket-programs-parades-military-tech/|author=Usman Ansari |date=27 March 2024 | access-date=10 April 2024}}

The HQ-9 was a contender in Turkey's T-LORAMIDS program, and it was reportedly selected as the winner in September 2013.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-china-defence-idUSBRE98P10620130926 |title=Chinese firm wins Turkey's missile defense system tender |last1=Toksabay |first1=Ece |date=26 September 2013 |website=reuters.com |publisher=reuters |access-date=26 September 2013}} The United States responded by blocking funds to integrate the Chinese system into NATO defenses.{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/10517547/Congress-to-block-Turkey-using-US-funds-to-buy-missile-system-from-blacklisted-Chinese-firm.html |title=Congress to block Turkey using US funds to buy missile system from blacklisted Chinese firm |last1=Wilson |first1=Steve |date=14 December 2013 |website=telegraph.co.uk |publisher=AFP |access-date=14 December 2013}} However, through 2013 there was no confirmation that the deal had been finalized.{{cite news|last=Lague|first=David|title=For China, Turkey missile deal a victory even if it doesn't happen|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-turkey-idUSL4N0HS1PK20131002|newspaper=Reuters|date=2 October 2013}}{{cite news|last=Daloglu|first=Tulin|title=Turkey close to deal with China for anti-missile system |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/11/turkey-china-anti-missile-system-nato-interoperability.html#|newspaper=Al-Monitor|date=27 September 2013}}{{cite news|title=Update: Turkey Remains Defiant About Co-Producing Missile Defense System with China|url=http://defense-update.com/20131025_turkey-remains-defiant-about-co-producing-missile-defense-system-with-china.html|newspaper=Defense Update|date=25 October 2013}} In February 2015, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was informed by the Ministry of National Defence that the evaluation of bids was complete and that the chosen system would be used by Turkey without integration with NATO; the system was not explicitly named. However, other Turkish officials reported that no winner had been selected.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-china-defence-idUSKBN0LN0W220150219 |title=Turkey eyes deal with China on missile defense despite NATO concern |last1=Karadeniz |first1=Tulay |date=19 February 2015 |website=Reuters |access-date=12 May 2015}} Later in the month, Turkish officials revealed that negotiations were ongoing with multiple bidders; the Chinese bid had not yet satisfied requirements concerning technology transfer.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-defence-china-idUSKBN0LU1KD20150226 |title=Turkey goes back to other missile system bidders as China drags feet: officials |last1=Coskun |first1=Orhan |last2=Karadeniz |first2=Tulay |date=26 February 2015 |website=Reuters |access-date=12 May 2015}} In March 2015, a China Daily article reported that it was "well-known that the Chinese FD-2000 system, a HQ-9 model for export, was chosen for the contract with Turkey in 2013" based on comments made by a CPMIEC representative at the 2015 Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition; the article was misleadingly called "Missile sale to Turkey confirmed."{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-03/19/content_19850713.htm |title=Missile sale to Turkey confirmed |last1=Peng |first1=Yining |date=19 March 2015 |website=China Daily |access-date=12 May 2015}} In November 2015, Turkey confirmed it would not purchase the HQ-9, opting for an indigenously developed system instead.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/turkey-china-missile-idUSL8N13C3BP20151118 |title=UPDATE 2-Turkey confirms cancellation of $3.4-bln missile defence project awarded to China |editor-first1=Heinrich |editor-last1=Mark |last1=Butler |first1=Daren |last2=Karadeniz |first2=Tulay |last3=Martina |first3=Michael |date=18 November 2015 |website=Reuters |access-date=25 November 2015}}

China has deployed HQ-9s near or in disputed territory. Missiles were deployed in July 2015 to Hotan in Xinjiang, close to Kashmir across the Line of Actual Control,{{cite news|date=6 July 2015|title=PLA sends HQ-9 air defense missiles close to Kashmir border|work=Want China Times|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150706000005&cid=1101|access-date=2 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006082024/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150706000005&cid=1101|archive-date=6 October 2015}} and in February 2016 to Woody Island in the disputed South China Sea.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-35592988|title = China 'has deployed missiles in South China Sea' - Taiwan|work = BBC News|date = 17 February 2016}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/southchinasea-china-missiles-idUSKCN0VP2UT|title=U.S. expects 'very serious' talks with China after missile reports|newspaper=Reuters |date=17 February 2016|via=www.reuters.com}}

The Pakistan Army operates the HQ-9/P variant.{{cite web |last1=Cranny-Evans |first1=Samuel |last2=Dominguez |first2=Gabriel |title=Pakistan Army commissions HQ-9/P air-defence system |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/pakistan-army-commissions-hq-9p-air-defence-system |date=15 October 2021 |website=Janes |access-date=11 December 2021}} Negotiations for the purchase of the HQ-9 and HQ-16 by Pakistan began in early 2015.{{cite news|date=2 April 2015|title=Pakistan first to China's table for HQ-9, HQ-16 missile systems|work=Want China Times|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150402000058&cid=1101|access-date=2 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716164547/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150402000058&cid=1101|archive-date=16 July 2015}} The missiles officially entered service on October 14, 2021.

;{{PRC}}

• People's Liberation Army Air Force - 196 HQ-9, 96 HQ-9B as of 2024{{cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |page=260}}

;{{MOR}}

• Royal Moroccan Army - Four batteries of FD-2000B purchased in 2016. The first battery was expected to be delivered in 2020 or 2021.{{Cite web |last1=Halimi |first1=Mohammed |date=26 June 2020 |title=Marruecos a punto de recibir su primer sistema de defensa aérea de largo alcance |url=https://www.defensa.com/africa-asia-pacifico/marruecos-punto-recibir-primer-sistema-defensa-aerea-largo |access-date=26 June 2020 |website=Defensa.com |language=es}}

;{{TKM}}

• Turkmen Air Force{{sfn|International Institute for Strategic Studies|2020|p=211}}

;{{UZB}}

• Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces{{cite web |last1=Cranny-Evans |first1=Samuel |title=Uzbekistan conducts first FD-2000 air-defence test |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/uzbekistan-conducts-first-fd-2000-air-defence-test |date=22 November 2019 |website=Janes |access-date=11 December 2021}}{{sfn|International Institute for Strategic Studies|2020|p=216}}

;{{PAK}}

• Pakistan Army
• Pakistan Air Force{{Citation |title=Hum Arze Pak Key Hawai Fauj K Uqaab | date=11 March 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3H7wGfpS68s |language=en |access-date=2022-03-11}}

;{{EGY}}

• Egyptian Air Defense Forces - Reports revealed that as of 2025, Egypt has obtained Chinese HQ-9B systems.{{cite web | url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250416-egypt-has-chinese-air-defence-system-similar-to-russias-s-400-say-israeli-reports/ | title=Egypt has Chinese air defence system similar to Russia's S-400, say Israeli reports | date=16 April 2025 }}

• Surface-to-air missile

;Similar systems

• HQ-22
• Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
• MIM-104 Patriot
• S-300 (missile)
• Medium Extended Air Defense System
• Project Kusha
• Aster
• David's Sling
• Barak 8

;Related lists

• List of missiles
• List of surface-to-air missiles
• Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite report |last1=Dahm |first1=J. Michael |date=March 2021 |title=Offensive and Defensive Strike |url=https://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/documents/OffensiveDefensiveStrike.pdf |series=South China Sea Military Capabilities Series |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory |access-date=11 December 2021}}
• {{cite book |title=The Military Balance 2020 |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=15 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, England |isbn=978-0-367-46639-8}}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.airforceworld.com/blog/hq-9-anti-aircraft-missile-launch-photo/ HQ-9 missile launch photos, Chinese Air Force] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410045025/http://www.airforceworld.com/blog/hq-9-anti-aircraft-missile-launch-photo/ |date=10 April 2016 }} AirForceWorld.com
• [http://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/fd-2000_long_range_air_defense_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html FD-2000 long range air defense missile system(Army recognition)]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130714001451/http://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/hq-9_ground-to-air_medium_range_air_defense_missile_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_.html HQ-9 medium-to-long range air defense missile system(Army recognition)]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20061207041746/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hq9.asp HQ-9 / FT-2000 SAM] Sinodefence
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20061230045751/http://sinodefence.com/navy/navalmissile/hq9naval.asp Naval HQ-9 SAM] Sinodefence
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060506100233/http://missilethreat.com/systems/hq-9_china.html HQ-9] Missilethreat.com
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140513010543/http://networkedblogs.com/QJGLN CHINA OFFERS FD-2000 / HQ-9, FK-1000 AND FL-3000N MISSILE SYSTEMS TO THAILAND] 6 November 2013

{{commons category|HQ-9}}

{{Chinese_Missiles|state=collapsed}}

Category:Missile defense

Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China

Category:Weapons of the People's Republic of China

Category:Naval surface-to-air missiles

Category:Anti-ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China

Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s