Hamengkubuwono X

{{short description|Sultan of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, since 1988}}

{{Infobox royalty

| name = Hamengkubuwono X

| title = Sri Sultan

| image = Hamengkubuwono x.jpg

| caption = Formal portrait, 1989

| succession = 3rd Governor of Yogyakarta

{{Infobox officeholder/office

| termstart = 3 October 1998

| termend =

| vicegovernor = {{ubl|Paku Alam IX
(2002–2015)|Paku Alam X
(since 2016)}}

| predecessor = Paku Alam VIII

| successor = }}

| succession1 = 10th Sultan of Yogyakarta

| reign1 = 7 March 1989 – present

| predecessor1 = Hamengkubuwono IX

| suc-type1 = Heiress presumptive

| successor1 = Princess Mangkubumi

| birth_name = Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1946|04|02}}

| birth_place = Yogyakarta, Indonesia

| spouse = {{marriage|Queen Hemas|1971}}

| issue = {{ubl|Crown Princess Mangkubumi|Princess Candrakirana|Princess Maduretno|Princess Hayu|Princess Bendara}}

| full name = Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Sri Sultan Hamengkubawana Ingkang Jumeneng Kasepuluh Suryaning Mataram Senapati Ing Ngalaga Langgenging Bawana Langgeng Langgenging Tata Panatagama Ing Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat

| house = Hamengkubuwono

| father = Hamengkubuwono IX

| mother = Windyaningrum

| signature = Sign sultan hamengkubuwono X.png

}}

Sri Sultan Hamengkubawono X (Hanacaraka: {{lang|jv-Java|ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ꧇꧑꧐꧇}}, also spelled as Hamengkubawana X, often abbreviated as HB X; born Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito, 2 April 1946) is the Sultan of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate in Indonesia and is currently also the Governor of the modern Yogyakarta Special Region ({{lang|id|Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta}}).{{cite web|url=https://jogjaprov.go.id/profil/9-profil-gubernur-diy|access-date=2021-12-22|title=Profil Gubernur DIY|website=jogyaprov.go.id|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222012240/https://jogjaprov.go.id/profil/9-profil-gubernur-diy|url-status=dead}}

Hamengkubawono X succeeded his father, Hamengkubuwono IX, as the Sultan of Yogyakarta when Hamengkubuwono IX died on 3 October 1988. Hamengkubuwono X was formally installed as Sultan on 7 March 1989. However, the position of the Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region did not go to Hamengkubuwono X. Vice Governor Sri Paku Alam VIII, prince of the subordinate enclave of Paku Alaman within Yogyakarta was instead controversially elevated to the position of governor. This was contrary to the agreement made at the independence of Indonesia in recognition of Hamengkubuwono IX's support and role in the Indonesian War of Independence. Under the agreement, the Sultan holds the position of governor in the Yogyakarta Special Region, and the Paku Alam holds the position of vice governor.

On 30 August 2012, following a decade of talks between Yogyakarta and the central government, the national legislature of Indonesia formally enshrined in law the convention that the Sultan inherited the position of governor.{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/09/yogyakartas-sultans |title= Yogyakarta's sultans – Carrying on|last1= N.O. |date=2012-09-06 |newspaper=The Economist|access-date=2014-12-08}}

Background

Hamengkubuwono X was a graduate of Public Administration at the Faculty of Law of Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta. He was active as Chairman of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Chairman of the Sports Committee of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, chairman and managing director of PT Punokawan Construction, President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner, and in July 1996 was appointed Chairman of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Expert Counsel to the Governor.

Hamengkubuwono X followed the tradition of his late father Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX in the spirit of Indonesian nationalism over self-interest by participating in street protests in support of the May 1998 student demonstrations opposing Suharto's rule, and like his illustrious father, wanted to be a pioneer in the Yogyakarta Reformation Movement albeit in a non-violent manner. He was also one of the four key figures in the early reform period that sparked the Ciganjur Declaration urging the government to hold elections as soon as possible, because President B. J. Habibie had neither constitutional nor legal rights to take over the presidency of Suharto who had just resigned.

Hamengkubuwono X has stated his vision for his region and the Sultanate are the development of science and technology, development of agriculture, tourism and world-famous cultural industries and thus provide a fair and prosperous life to all his citizens. He was nominated by popular choice, to the Golkar Yogyakarta Assembly as a presidential candidate for the 2009 Indonesian presidential election campaign. Hamengkubuwono X, though widely respected across all parties and nationwide as neutral, honest and uncorrupted was ultimately unsuccessful in garnering support outside Central Java and was unsuccessful to attain a first-round voting position.

In 2010, he formed Nasional Demokrat together with Surya Paloh which later became the NasDem Party. Hamengkubuwono X later left the organization prior to the political inception, unhappy with its transformation into a political party.

Personal life

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Inhuldiging van Sultan Hamengku Buwana X in de kraton met naast hem de Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas TMnr 20018311.jpgHamengkubuwono X has discontinued the polygamist tradition of Javanese monarchs having several wives and possibly multiple concubines, as per his late father's wishes to modernize the royal system. He is married to Queen Hemas. Together they have five daughters, Crown Princess Mangkubumi, Princess Condrokirono, Princess Maduretno, Princess Hayu, and Princess Bendoro. His decision to appoint his eldest daughter as heir presumptive, ended the previously agnatic primogeniture succession and has become subject to controversies.{{Cite web|date=2015-06-11|title=The Sultan's coup|url=https://www.newmandala.org/the-sultans-coup/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=New Mandala|language=en-AU}}

Hamengkubuwono X resides in the Keraton Yogyakarta complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.

Family

Source:

=Parents=

Father — Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX

Mother — Raden Ajeng Siti Kustina (Bandara Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Kanjeng Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Raden Ayu Adipati Anum)

=Consort and Issue=

Queen Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas (born Tatiek Drajad Suprihastuti, then Bandara Raden Ayu Mangkubumi; daughter of Colonel Raden Subanadigda Sastrapranata)
Crown Princess Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Mangkubumi Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana Langgeng ing Mataram (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurmalita Sari, then Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pembayun; 24 February 1972), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Wironegoro on 28 May 2002 and have issue; one daughter and one son.
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Condrokirono (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurmagupita; 2 February 1975), married Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Suryokusumo on December and divorced in 2007. They have one son.
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Maduretno (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurkamnari Dewi; 12 April 1978), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Purbodiningrat on 9 May 2008
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurabra Juwita; 24 December 1983), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Notonegoro on 22 October 2013 and have two sons.
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendoro (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurastuti Wijareni; 18 September 1986), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Yudanegara on 18 October 2011 and have issue; one daughter and one son.

=Siblings=

Titles and honours

{{Infobox royal styles

|royal name = Hamengkubuwono X

|image =

|dipstyle = His Majesty

|offstyle = Your Majesty

|altstyle = Ngarso Dalem}}

= Titles =

In Javanese Kraton (palaces) names of individuals change with respect to change in status:

From birth until marriage : Bendoro Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito
Post-nuptial until appointment as Crown Prince : Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya (KGPH) Mangkubumi
As Heir Apparent Crown Prince : Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom (KGPAAn) Hamengku Negara Sudibya Raja Putra Nalendra Mataram.
As Sultan : Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono Senapati ing Ngalogo Ngabdurrokhman Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang jumeneng kaping X

File:Pengucapan sumpah HB X sebagai Gubernur DIY.jpg

His style and title in full English : His Majesty The Sultan Hamengkubuwono the Tenth, Commander-in-chief in war, Servant of the Most Gracious, Cleric and Caliph that Safeguards the Religion{{cite book |last1=Indonesia Departemen Luar Negeri Direktorat |title=Documenta diplomatica |date=1968 |publisher=Departemen Luar Negeri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_UA8AAAAMAAJ&q=%22his+highness+sri+sultan%22 |accessdate=17 September 2018 |language=id}}{{cite book |title=Overseas Trading |date=1971 |publisher=Department of Commerce and Agriculture. |location=Australia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qlbyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22his+highness+sri+sultan%22 |accessdate=17 September 2018 |language=en}}

Honours

=National=

{{flag|Indonesia}}:
60px Star of Mahaputera (3rd Class) ({{langx|id|Bintang Mahaputera Utama}}) (2007)
60px Civil Servants' Long Service Medal, ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Karya Satya}}) (30 years)
60px Civil Servants' Long Service Medal, ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Karya Satya}}) (20 years)
60px Civil Servants' Long Service Medal, ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Karya Satya}}) (10 years)
60px Medal for Contributing in the National Development, ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Pembangunan}})
60px Medal for Providing an Example of Meritorious Personality, ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Wira Karya}})
60px Medal for Service in the Field of Social Welfare, ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Kebaktian Sosial}})
60px Badge of Melati
60px Badge of Dharma Bhakti
60px Badge of Pancawarsa IV
60px Badge of Pancawarsa VII

=Foreign honours=

{{flag|Austria}}
60px Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - 1996{{cite web|url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf|title=Eingelangt am 23.04.2012 : Dieser Text wurde elektronisch übermittelt. Abweichungen vom Original sind möglich. Bundeskanzler Anfragebeantwortung|website=Parlament.gv.at|access-date=10 February 2019}}
{{flag|Japan}}:
60px Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star - 2022{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/rwthofficial/status/1549959480036585474 |title=#Yogyakarta's Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X received the Order of the Rising Sun from the Emperor of #Japan from his contribution in promoting Indonesian-Japanese culture at the Japanese Ambassador's Official Residence #Jakarta.|website=Twitter.com|access-date=22 July 2022}}
{{flag|Netherlands}}:
60px Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau

=Honorary degree=

Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, University of Tasmania, Australia (2015) {{cite web |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/887278/Annual-Report-2015.pdf |website=Annual Report 2015 |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=13 July 2023|title=Annual Report 2015 }}

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080604105615/http://www.yogyes.com/en/tour-de-djokdja/3/sri-sultan-hamengku-buwono-x/ YogYes Official Yogyakarta Tourism website]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20081207000709/http://www.hb-x.com/ Official Website for Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080309042328/http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/99/0319/nat4.html AsiaWeek - The sultan of Yogyakarta is a modern reformer]
[http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sri-sultan-hb-x/index.shtml In Indonesian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302070600/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sri-sultan-hb-x/index.shtml |date=2 March 2006 }}

{{s-hou|House of Hamengkubuwono|2 April|1946|||House of Mataram|name=Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X}}