Haplogroup Q-M346
{{Short description|Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup}}
{{Infobox haplogroup
| name = Q-M346
| map =
| origin-date = 24,100-27,900 BP
| origin-place = Eurasia
| ancestor = Q-MEH2
| members =
}}
Haplogroup Q-M346 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).
Origin and distribution
Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006.{{cite journal | doi=10.1086/499411 | title=Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists | year=2006 | last1=Sengupta | first1=Sanghamitra | last2=Zhivotovsky | first2=Lev A. | last3=King | first3=Roy | last4=Mehdi | first4=S.Q. | last5=Edmonds | first5=Christopher A. | last6=Chow | first6=Cheryl-Emiliane T. | last7=Lin | first7=Alice A. | last8=Mitra | first8=Mitashree | last9=Sil | first9=Samir K. | journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics | volume=78 | issue=2 | pages=202–21 | pmid=16400607 | pmc=1380230 }} A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India,{{cite journal |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-232 |title=A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India |year=2007 |last1=Sharma |first1=Swarkar |last2=Rai |first2=Ekta |last3=Bhat |first3=Audesh K |last4=Bhanwer |first4=Amarjit S |last5=Bamezai |first5=Rameshwar NK |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=232 |pmid=18021436 |pmc=2258157 |bibcode=2007BMCEE...7..232S |doi-access=free }} but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia,{{Cite journal |doi=10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 |title=Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions |year=2009 |last1=Abu-Amero |first1=Khaled K |last2=Hellani |first2=Ali |last3=González |first3=Ana M |last4=Larruga |first4=Jose M |last5=Cabrera |first5=Vicente M |last6=Underhill |first6=Peter A |journal=BMC Genetics |volume=10 |pages=59 |pmid=19772609 |pmc=2759955 |doi-access=free }} Europe{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} and the Americas.{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/ajpa.21133 |title=Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America |year=2009 |last1=Bailliet |first1=Graciela |last2=Ramallo |first2=Virginia |last3=Muzzio |first3=Marina |last4=García |first4=Angelina |last5=Santos |first5=María R. |last6=Alfaro |first6=Emma L. |last7=Dipierri |first7=José E. |last8=Salceda |first8=Susana |last9=Carnese |first9=Francisco R. |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=140 |issue=3 |pages=578–82 |pmid=19591214 }}
=Asia=
Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia.{{cite journal | doi=10.1038/jhg.2011.64 | title=Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a | year=2011 | last1=Malyarchuk | first1=Boris | last2=Derenko | first2=Miroslava | last3=Denisova | first3=Galina | last4=Maksimov | first4=Arkady | last5=Wozniak | first5=Marcin | last6=Grzybowski | first6=Tomasz | last7=Dambueva | first7=Irina | last8=Zakharov | first8=Ilya | journal=Journal of Human Genetics | volume=56 | issue=8 | pages=583–8 | pmid=21677663| doi-access=free }}{{cite journal|last=K. Abu-Amero|first=Khaled|title=Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions|journal=BMC Genetics|year=2009|volume=10|doi=10.1186/1471-2156-10-59|pmid=19772609|pmc=2759955|pages=59|display-authors=etal |doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0017548 | title=Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions | year=2011 | editor1-last=Kayser | editor1-first=Manfred | last1=Dulik | first1=Matthew C. | last2=Osipova | first2=Ludmila P. | last3=Schurr | first3=Theodore G. | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=6 | issue=3 | pages=e17548 | pmid=21412412 | pmc=3055870| bibcode=2011PLoSO...617548D | doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014 |title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians |year=2012 |last1=Dulik |first1=Matthew C. |last2=Zhadanov |first2=Sergey I. |last3=Osipova |first3=Ludmila P. |last4=Askapuli |first4=Ayken |last5=Gau |first5=Lydia |last6=Gokcumen |first6=Omer |last7=Rubinstein |first7=Samara |last8=Schurr |first8=Theodore G. |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=229–46 |pmid=22281367 |pmc=3276666}}
| class="wikitable"
! Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
| Altaians (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 | 23/89 | ~25.8% | M346 | |
| Khakas people|Khakassians (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 | 4/64 | ~6.3% | M346 | |
| Todjins (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 | 10/26 | ~38.5% | M346 | |
| Tuvinians (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 | 41/108 | ~38.0% | M346 | |
| Soyot/Sojots (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 | 2/28 | ~7.1% | M346 | |
| Kalmyks | Malyarchuk 2011 | 1/60 | ~1.7% | M346 | |
| Halba | Sengupta 2006 | 1/21 | ~4.76% | M346 | |
| Makrani | Sengupta 2006 | 1/20 | ~5.00% | M346 | |
| Pathan | Sengupta 2006 | 2/21 | ~5.00% | M346 | |
| Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh, India) | Sengupta 2006 | 1/14 | ~7.14% | M346 | |
| Vellalar (South India) | Sengupta 2006 | 1/31 | ~3.23% | M346 | |
| Pakistan | Abu-Amero 2009 | 3/176 | ~1.70% | M346 | |
| Kazakhs (Southwest Altai) | Dulik 2011 | 1/30 | ~3.33% | M346 | |
| Chelkan (Russia - Siberia) | Dulik 2012 | 15/25 | ~60.00% | M346 | |
| Tubalar Russia - Siberia] | Dulik 2012 | 10/27 | ~37.00% | M346 |
= The Americas =
In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1002/ajhb.21173 | title=Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans | year=2011 | last1=Bisso-Machado | first1=Rafael | last2=Jota | first2=Marilza S. | last3=Ramallo | first3=Virginia | last4=Paixão-Côrtes | first4=Vanessa R. | last5=Lacerda | first5=Daniela R. | last6=Salzano | first6=Francisco M. | last7=Bonatto | first7=Sandro L. | last8=Santos | first8=Fabrício R. | last9=Bortolini | first9=Maria Cátira | journal=American Journal of Human Biology | volume=23 | issue=4 | pages=563–6 | pmid=21544893 | s2cid=8730722 }}
| class="wikitable"
! Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
| Enxet | Bailliet 2009 | 7/24 | ~29.20% | M346 | |
| Ayoreo | Bailliet 2009 | 2/9 | ~22.20% | M346 | |
| Wichi | Bailliet 2009 | 1/120 | ~0.80% | M346 | |
| Mocovi | Bailliet 2009 | 2/40 | ~5.00% | M346 | |
| Mapuche | Bailliet 2009 | 1/26 | ~3.80% | M346 | |
| Salta | Bailliet 2009 | 3/72 | ~4.80% | M346 | |
| Cordoba | Bailliet 2009 | 1/156 | ~0.60% | M346 | |
| Huilliche | Bailliet 2009 | 1/26 | ~3.80% | M346 | |
| La Paz | Bailliet 2009 | 1/29 | ~3.40% | M346 | |
| Tarija | Bailliet 2009 | 4/72 | ~5.50% | M346 |
Associated SNPs
Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346.{{cite web
|url = http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft&parent=root
|title = FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)
|last = Krahn
|first = Thomas
|website = ytree.ftdna.com
|publisher = Family Tree DNA
|access-date =
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150815071342/http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft
|archive-date = 2015-08-15
}}
Subgroups
This is Thomas Krahn's—of the Genomic Research Center—draft tree, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130526182310/http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft&parent=43588286 Proposed Tree], for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages.
See also
=Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades=
= Y-DNA backbone tree =
{{Y-DNA}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.familytreedna.com/public/yDNA_Q/ The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup Q-M346 (Y-Dna)}}