Haplogroup T-L206

File:Phylogenetic T-M184 tree.png

• T1 (L206, L490) Found in Syria.
• T1a (M70/Page46/PF5662, PAGES78) Found in Early Neolithic skeleton found in Karsdorf, Germany, 7200 years old. Also in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Ossetia, England, Italy and Portugal.
• T1a1 (L162/Page21, L299, L453/PF5617, L454) Found on Eivissa, northern Anatolia and Germany.
• T1a1a (L208/Page2, L905) Mostly found in Upper Egypt, Horn of Africa, western Europe, eastern Anatolia, Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Some spots in western Morocco, Sahrawis and Canarias.
• T1a1a1 (P77,CTS8512) Mostly found in Middle East, Western Europe and Ashkenazi Jews.
• T1a1a2 (P321) Found in Syria and Ashkenazi Jews.
• T1a1a2a (P317) Found in Syria, Italian Jews and Ashkenazi Jews.
• T1a2 (L131) Mostly found in northern Europe, eastern Europe, southeastern Europe and Anatolia. Also found in Xinjiang, Lemba, Tunisia, south and east Iberian Peninsula.
• T1a2a (P322, P328) Found in Scandinavia, Denmark, Germany and Netherlands. Some spots in Yemenite Jews and Palestine(P327).
• T1a2b (L446) Found in Northwest Europe and eastern Alps.
• T1a3 (L1255) Found in Kuwait.

This lineage could have arrived in the Levant through the PPNB expansion from northeastern Anatolia.

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|title = Initial research on T1a-M70 (previously K2)

|quote = M70 is believed to have originated in Asia after the emergence of the K-M9 polymorphism (45–30 ky) (Underhill et al. 2001a). As deduced from the collective data (Underhill et al. 2000; Cruciani et al. 2002; Semino et al. 2002; present study), K2-M70 individuals, at some later point, proceeded south to Africa. While these chromosomes are seen in relatively high frequencies in Egypt, Oman, Tanzania, Ethiopia, they are especially prominent in the Fulbe 18%( [Scozzari et al. 1997, 1999])

|author = J. R. Luis et al. 2004

|source = {{cite journal |vauthors=Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M, etal |title=The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=532–44 |date=March 2004 |pmid=14973781 |pmc=1182266 |doi=10.1086/382286}}

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|title = Three genetically different populations in the Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Spain

|quote = The population of the Pityusic Islands does present a clear genetic divergence in relation to the Mallorcan and Menorcan populations. Neither [does it show] a confluence with the Catalan and Valencian populations ...

[T]he data provided by the Pityusic population [compared] with other circumediterranean populations surprises [in] that practically there is no convergence with any of these populations, not even with ... North African populations. The Pityusic case is paradigmatic: ... some markers shows affinities with [Middle Eastern] ... mtDNA variables ... but [the Pityusic population] diverges from these populations when considering other markers. [It] is a separate case, a island, not [just] in the geographical sense but [also a] genetical [island].

|author = Misericòrdia Ramon Juanpere et al.

|source = 1998-2004

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T1a1 formed 17,400-14,600 BP, is the largest lineage downstream from T1a-M70 and became widespread across Eurasia and Africa before the modern era.

This extremely rare subclade has been found in Ibizan (Eivissan) islanders and Pontic Greeks from Giresun. The first Y-STR haplotype belonging to this lineage appeared in the paper of Tomas et al in 2006 among a sample of Eivissan individuals but is not until August 2009 when the first T1a1-L162(xL208) individual was reported in a 23andMe customer of Pontic Greek background and Metaxopoulos surname, thanks to the public Adriano Squecco's Y-Chromosome Genome Comparison Project.

Pontic Greeks from Giresun descend from Sinope colonists and Sinope was colonised by Ionians from Miletus. It is interesting to note that there existed an Ionian colony known as Pityussa, just like the known Greek name for Eivissa Pityuses. In Eivissa, archaeological findings include the famous bust of Demeter which has been confused with the Punic goddess Tanit for decades. The bust belonging to Demeter has been analysed and was found to contain black particles of volcanic sand, originating from Mount Etna. It is thought that the bust was made in Sicily, with red clays typical of the eastern Trinacria, which was colonized by the Ionians. The Ionians could be arrived to Eivissa c.2700 YBP. This lineage could be an Ionian marker.

T1a1 formed 17,400-14,600 BP, is the largest lineage downstream from T1a-M70 and became widespread across Eurasia and Africa before the modern era.

This lineage, formed 14,200-11,000 BP, is the largest branch downstream T1a1-L162. First discovered and reported in August 2009 in a 23andMe customer of Iberian ancestry that participated in the public Squecco's Y-Chromosome Genome Comparison Project and appearing there as "Avilés" and as "AlpAstur" in 23andMe. Named as "L208" at November 2009.

{{expand section|date=September 2016}}

{{expand section|date=September 2016}}

This lineage is mostly found among individuals from the Iberian Peninsula, where is found their highest diversity. The first Y-STR haplotype of this lineage, characterized by DYS437=13, was found in the public FTDNA Y-DNA Haplogroup T project, appearing there at April 2009 as kit E8011. However, is not until June 2014 when the Y-SNP Y3836 was discovered in the public YFULL project among two of their participants of Iberian ancestry, appearing there as YF01637 and YF01665.

Cretan Greeks from Lasithi possess Haplogroup T, almost certainly T1a (M70), at a level of 18% (9/50).Giacomo 2003; Martinez2007.

Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+ : 14% (3/23) of Russians in Yaroslavl,{{cite journal |vauthors=Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Grzybowski T, etal |title=Differentiation of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes in Russian populations |journal=Hum. Biol. |volume=76 |issue=6 |pages=877–900 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15974299 |url=http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol76/iss6/7/ |doi=10.1353/hub.2005.0021|s2cid=17385503 |url-access=subscription }} 12.5% (3/24) of Italians in Matera,{{cite journal |author=F. Di Giacomo |title=Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 28|issue= 3|pages= 387–95|date=2003 |pmid= 12927125|doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00016-2|bibcode=2003MolPE..28..387D }} 10.3% (3/29) of Italians in Avezzano, 10% (3/30) of Tyroleans in Nonstal, 10% (2/20) of Italians in Pescara, 8.7% (4/46) of Italians in Benevento, 7.8% (4/51) of Italians in South Latium,{{cite journal |vauthors=Capelli C, Brisighelli F, Scarnicci F, etal |title=Y chromosome genetic variation in the Italian peninsula is clinal and supports an admixture model for the Mesolithic-Neolithic encounter |journal=Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=228–39 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17275346 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.030|bibcode=2007MolPE..44..228C }} 7.4% (2/27) of Italians in Paola, 7.3% (11/150) of Italians in Central-South Italy,{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.06.072 |title=Y chromosome haplotypes in Central-South Italy: Implication for reference database |year=2007 |last1=Rapone |first1=Cesare |last2=Geraci |first2=Antonio |last3=Capelli |first3=Cristian |last4=De Meo |first4=Adolfo |last5=d’Errico |first5=Giancarlo |last6=Barni |first6=Filippo |last7=Berti |first7=Andrea |last8=Lago |first8=Giampietro |journal=Forensic Science International |volume=172 |pages=67–71 |pmid=16884881 |issue=1}} 7.1% (8/113) of Serbs in Serbia,{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/molbev/msi185|title=High-Resolution Phylogenetic Analysis of Southeastern Europe Traces Major Episodes of Paternal Gene Flow Among Slavic Populations|year=2005|last1=Pericic|first1=M.|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=22|issue=10|pages=1964–75|pmid=15944443|last2=Lauc|first2=LB|last3=Klarić|first3=IM|last4=Rootsi|first4=S|last5=Janićijevic|first5=B|last6=Rudan|first6=I|last7=Terzić|first7=R|last8=Colak|first8=I|last9=Kvesić|first9=A|last10=Popović|first10=D|last11=Sijacki|first11=A|last12=Behluli|first12=I|last13=Dordevic|first13=D|last14=Efremovska|first14=L|last15=Bajec|first15=D. D.|last16=Stefanović|first16=B. D.|last17=Villems|first17=R|last18=Rudan|first18=P|display-authors=8|doi-access=free}} 4.7% (2/42) of Aromanians in Romania,{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-213|title=Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba|year=2008|last1=Mendizabal|first1=Isabel|last2=Sandoval|first2=Karla|last3=Berniell-Lee|first3=Gemma|last4=Calafell|first4=Francesc|last5=Salas|first5=Antonio|last6=Martinez-Fuentes|first6=Antonio|last7=Comas|first7=David|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=8|issue=1 |pages=213|pmid=18644108|pmc=2492877 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2008BMCEE...8..213M }} 3.7% (3/82) of Italians in Biella,{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.07.002|title=Population data for Y-chromosome STR haplotypes from Piedmont (Italy)|year=2006|last1=Cerutti|first1=N.|last2=Marin|first2=A.|last3=Di Gaetano|first3=C.|last4=Pappi|first4=P.|last5=Crobu|first5=F.|last6=Riccardino|first6=F.|last7=Matullo|first7=G.|last8=Piazza|first8=A.|journal=Forensic Science International|volume=158|issue=2–3|pages=238–43|pmid=16111847}} 3.7% (1/27) of Andalusians in Córdoba,{{cite journal | last1 = Flores | first1 = Carlos | last2 = Maca-Meyer | first2 = Nicole | last3 = González | first3 = Ana M | last4 = Oefner | first4 = Peter J | last5 = Shen | first5 = Peidong | last6 = Pérez | first6 = Jose A | last7 = Rojas | first7 = Antonio | last8 = Larruga | first8 = Jose M | last9 = Underhill | first9 = Peter A | year = 2004 | title = Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 12 | issue = 10| pages = 855–863 | doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201225 | pmid=15280900| doi-access = free }} 3.3% (2/60) of Leoneses in León, 3.2% (1/31) of Italians in Postua, 3.2% (1/31) of Italians in Cavaglià, 3.1% (3/97) of Calabrians in Reggio Calabria, 2.8% (1/36) of Russians in Ryazan Oblast,{{cite journal | last1 = Fechner | first1 = Angela | year = 2008 | title = Boundaries and Clines in the West Eurasian Y-Chromosome Landscape: Insights From the European Part of Russia | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 137| issue = 1| pages = 41–47| doi=10.1002/ajpa.20838 | pmid=18470899}} 2.8% (2/72) of Italians in South Apulia,{{cite journal | last1 = Capelli | first1 = Cristian | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = A 9-loci Y chromosome haplotype in three Italian populations | journal = Forensic Science International: Genetics | volume = 159| issue = 1| pages = 64–70| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.05.026 | pmid=15998574}} 2.7% (1/37) of Calabrians in Cosenza, 2.6% (3/114) of Serbs in Belgrade,{{cite journal | last1 = Barac Lauc | first1 = Lovorka | display-authors = etal | year = 2004 | title = Y chromosome STR polymorphisms in a Serbian population sample | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 150| issue = 1| pages = 97–101| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.022 | pmid=15837014}} 2.5% (1/40) of Russians in Pskov, 2.4% (1/42) of Russians in Kaluga, 2.2% (2/89) of Transylvanians in Miercurea Ciuc,{{cite journal | last1 = Egyed | first1 = Balazs | year = 2005 | title = Population genetic study in two Transylvanian populations using forensically informative autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR markers | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 164| issue = 2–3| pages = 257–265| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.10.020 | pmid=16314060}} 2.2% (2/92) of Italians in Trino Vercellese, 1.9% (2/104) of Italians in Brescia,{{cite journal | last1 = Cerri | first1 = Nicoletta | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = Population data for 12 Y-chromosome STRs in a sample from Brescia (northern Italy) | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 152| issue = 1| pages = 83–87| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.006 | pmid=15939179}} 1.9% (2/104) of Romanians in Romania,{{cite journal | last1 = Elena Barbarii | first1 = Ligia | display-authors = etal | year = 2003 | title = Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a Romanian population sample | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | volume = 117| issue = 5| pages = 312–315| doi=10.1007/s00414-003-0397-0 | pmid=12904972| s2cid = 44447191 }} 1.7% (4/237) of Serbs and Montenegrins in Serbia and Montenegro,{{cite journal | last1 = Stevanovic | first1 = Miljana | year = 2006 | title = Human Y-specific STR haplotypes in population of Serbia and Montenegro | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 171| issue = 2–3| pages = 216–221| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.038 | pmid=16806776}} 1.7% (1/59) of Italians in Marche, 1.7% (1/59) of Calabrians in Catanzaro,{{cite journal | last1 = Rodríguez | first1 = V. | display-authors = etal | year = 2008 | title = Genetic sub-structure in western Mediterranean populations revealed by 12 Y-chromosome STR loci | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine| volume = 123| issue = 2| pages = 137–41| doi=10.1007/s00414-008-0302-y | pmid=19066931| s2cid = 20576072 }} 1.6% (3/183) of Greeks in Northern Greece,{{cite journal | last1 = Kovatsi | first1 = Leda | display-authors = etal | year = 2009 | title = Population genetics of Y-chromosome STRs in a population of Northern Greeks | journal = Forensic Science International: Genetics | volume = 4| issue = 1| pages = e21–e22| doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.01.001 | pmid=19948315}} 1.3% (2/150) of Swiss Germans in Zürich Area,{{cite journal | last1 = Haas | first1 = C. | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in a population sample from Switzerland (Zurich area) | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 158| issue = 2–3| pages = 213–218| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.036 | pmid=15964729}} 1.3% (1/79) of Italians in South Tuscany and North Latium, 1.1% (1/92) of Dutch in Leiden,{{cite journal | last1 = Rodig | first1 = Heike | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Evaluation of haplotype discrimination capacity of 35 Y-chromosomal STR loci | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 174| issue = 2–3| pages = 182–188| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.04.223 | pmid=17543484}} 0.5% (1/185) of Serbs in Novi Sad (Vojvodina),{{cite journal | last1 = Veselinovic | first1 = Igor S. | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Allele frequencies and population data for 17 Y-chromosome STR loci in a Serbian population sample from Vojvodina province | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 176| issue = 2–3| pages = e23–e28| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.04.003 | pmid=17482396}} 0.5% (1/186) of Polish in Podlasie{{cite journal | last1 = Pepinski | first1 = Witold | display-authors = etal | year = 2004 | title = Population genetics of Y-chromosome STRs in a population of Podlasie, northeastern Poland | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | volume = 144| issue = 1| pages = 77–82| doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.024 | pmid=15240025}}

Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+ : 28% (7/25) of Lezginians in Dagestan, 21.7% (5/23) of Ossetians in Zamankul,{{cite journal | last1 = Nasidze | display-authors = etal | year = 2004 | title = Genetic Evidence Concerning the Origins of South and North Ossetians | journal = Annals of Human Genetics | volume = 68| issue = 6| pages = 588–599| doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00131.x | pmid=15598217| s2cid = 1717933 }} 14% (7/50) of Iranians in Isfahan,{{cite journal | last1 = Nasidze | display-authors = etal | year = 2004 | title = Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus | journal = Annals of Human Genetics | volume = 68| issue = 3| pages = 205–221| doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x | pmid=15180701| s2cid = 27204150 | doi-access = free }} 13% (3/23) of Ossetians in Zil'ga, 12.6% (11/87) of Kurmanji Kurds in Eastern Turkey,{{cite journal | last1 = Nasidze | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups | journal = Annals of Human Genetics | volume = 69| issue = 4| pages = 401–412| doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00174.x | pmid=15996169| s2cid = 23771698 }} 11.8% (2/17) of Palestinian Arabs in Palestine,{{cite journal | last1 = Belle | first1 = Elise M. S. | display-authors = etal | year = 2010| title = Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent show evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin | doi = 10.1007/s12520-010-0040-1 | journal = Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences| volume = 2| issue = 3| pages = 217–224| bibcode = 2010ArAnS...2..217B | s2cid = 16195047 }} 8.3% (1/12) of Iranians in Shiraz,R. Spencer Wells et al., "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity," The National Academy of Sciences, 2001 8.3% (2/24) of Ossetians in Alagir, 8% (2/25) of Kurmanji Kurds in Georgia, 7.5% (6/80) of Iranians in Tehran,{{cite journal | last1 = Nasidze | display-authors = etal | year = 2003 | title = Haplotypes from the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran for nine Y-STR loci | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 137| issue = 1| pages = 85–93| doi=10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00272-x | pmid=14550619}} 7.4% (10/135) of Palestinian Arabs in Israeli Village, 7% (10/143) of Palestinian Arabs in Israel and Palestine, 5% (1/19) of Chechens in Chechenia, 4.2% (3/72) of Azerbaijanians in Azerbaijan, 4.1% (2/48) of Iranians in Isfahan, 4% (4/100) of Armenians in Armenia, 4% (1/24) of Bedouins in Israel and 2.6% (1/39) of Turks in Ankara.

Barghut Mongolians from |different localities of Hulun Buir Aimak have T1a (M70) at a level of 1.3% (1/76).{{cite journal | last1 = Malyarchuk | first1 = Boris A | year = 2011 | title = Y chromosome haplotype diversity in Mongolic-speaking populations and gene conversion at the duplicated STR DYS385a,b in haplogroup C3-M407 | journal = Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 61| issue = 6| pages = 491–496| doi=10.1038/jhg.2016.14 | pmid= 26911356| s2cid = 13217444 | doi-access = free }} In the 12–13th centuries, the Barga (Barghuts) Mongols appeared as tribes near Lake Baikal, named Bargujin.

Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+: 2% (4/204) of Hui in Liaoning province,{{cite journal | last1 = Bai | first1 = Rufeng | display-authors = etal | year = 2008 | title = Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes in Chinese Hui ethnic group samples | journal = Forensic Science International: Genetics | volume = 3| issue = 1| pages = e17–e19| doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.03.004 | pmid=19083856}} and 0.9% (1/113) of Bidayuh in Sarawak.{{cite journal | last1 = Meng Chang | first1 = Yuet | display-authors = etal | year = 2008 | title = Haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs in three native Sarawak populations (Iban, Bidayuh and Melanau) in East Malaysia | volume = 3| issue = 3| pages = e77–e80| doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.07.007 | journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics | pmid=19414156}}

Haplogroup T1a-M70 in South Asia is considered to be of West Eurasian origin.Neetu Negi et al., [Human Genetics "The paternal ancestry of Uttarakhand does not imitate the classical caste system of India"]

The Garo people of Tangail District appear to possess T-P77 (T1a1a1b2b2b1a) at a rate of 0.8% (1/120).{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00414-014-0981-5|title=Population genetics of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs loci in Garo and Santal tribal populations in Bangladesh|year=2014|last1=Hasan|first1=Mahamud|journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine|volume=129|issue=2|pages=251–252|pmid=24577712|s2cid=23031408}}||Likely +

Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+ : 56.6% (30/53) of Kunabhis in Uttar Kannada,{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00443.x|title=Y-Chromosomal STR Haplotypes in Two Endogamous Tribal Populations of Karnataka, India|year=2007|last1=Thangaraj|first1=Kumarasamy|last2=Chaubey|first2=Gyaneshwer|last3=Singh|first3=Vijay Kumar|last4=Reddy|first4=Alla G.|last5=Chauhan|first5=Pallavi|last6=Malvee|first6=Rashmi|last7=Pavate|first7=P. P.|last8=Singh|first8=Lalji|journal=Journal of Forensic Sciences|volume=52|issue=3|pages=751–3|pmid=17456116|s2cid=20805905}} 32.5% (13/40) of Kammas in Andhra Pradesh,{{cite journal|last1=Ramana|year=2001|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200708|title=Y-chromosome SNP haplotypes suggest evidence of gene flow among caste, tribe, and the migrant Siddi populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India|first1=Gutala Venkata|last2=Su|first2=Bing|last3=Jin|first3=Li|last4=Singh|first4=Lalji|last5=Wang|first5=Ning|last6=Underhill|first6=Peter|last7=Chakraborty|first7=Ranajit|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=9|issue=9|pages=695–700|pmid=11571559|doi-access=free}} 26.8% (11/41) of Brahmins in Visakhapatnam, 25% (1/4) of Kattunaiken in South India,R. Cordaux et al. "Independent Origins of Indian Caste and Tribal Paternal Lineages" 22.4% (11/49) of Telugus in Andhra Pradesh,{{cite journal |vauthors=Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, etal |title=Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA |journal=BMC Genet. |volume=7 |pages=42 |year=2006 |pmid=16893451 |pmc=1569435 |doi=10.1186/1471-2156-7-42 |doi-access=free }} 20% (1/5) of Ansari in South Asia, (2/20) of Poroja in Andhra Pradesh, 9.8% (5/51) of Kashmiri Pandits in Kashmir,{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma S, Rai E, Sharma P, etal |title=The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system |journal=J. Hum. Genet. |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=47–55 |date=January 2009 |pmid=19158816 |doi=10.1038/jhg.2008.2|doi-access=free }} 8.2% (4/49) of Gujars in Kashmir, 7.7% (1/13) of Siddis (migrants from Ethiopia) in Andhra Pradesh, 5.5% (3/55) of Adi in Northeast India,{{cite journal |vauthors=Cordaux R, Weiss G, Saha N, Stoneking M |title=The northeast Indian passageway: a barrier or corridor for human migrations? |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=1525–33 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15128876 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msh151|doi-access=free }} 5.5% (7/128) of Pardhans in Adilabad, 5.3% (2/38) of Brahmins in Bihar, 4.3% (1/23) of Bagata in Andhra Pradesh, 4.2% (1/24) of Valmiki in Andhra Pradesh, (1/32) of Brahmins in Maharashtra, 3.1% (2/64) of Brahmins in Gujarat, 2.9% (1/35) of Rajput in Uttar Pradesh,{{cite journal | last1 = Majumder | first1 = P. | display-authors = etal | year = 2001| title = Ethnic populations of India as seen from an evolutionary perspective | journal = Journal of Biosciences | volume = 26| issue = 4| pages = 533–545| doi = 10.1007/bf02704750 | pmid=11779963| citeseerx = 10.1.1.731.1630 | s2cid = 15692537 }} 2.3% (1/44) of Brahmins in Peruru, and 1.7% (1/59) of Manghi in Maharashtra.

Also in Desasth-Brahmins in Maharashtra (1/19 or 5.3%) and Chitpavan-Brahmins in Konkan (1/21 or 4.8%), Chitpavan-Brahmins in Konkan (2/66 or 3%).

During the Chalcolithic Period (the “Copper Age,”) In the Northern Galilee town of Peki'in here's a burial cave that dates to over 6,500 years ago. The cave is the largest one known in Israel and contains a wealth of ancient artifacts: decorated ossuaries which some claim is the proto Israelite Burial, burial offerings, jars, stone tools. We find that the individuals buried in Peqi’in Cave represent a relatively genetically homogeneous population. This homogeneity is evident not only in the genome-wide analyses but also in the fact that most of the male individuals (nine out of ten) belong to the Y-DNA Haplogroup T a lineage thought to have diversified in the Near East. 2x T-L208 Peqi'in 1155,1160, 1x T-FT13419 Peqi'in 1165, 4x T-Y4119 Peqi'in ,1166,1170,1172,1178, 2x T-L454 Peqi'in 1180,1187 expressing the upstream and downstream diversity of Haplogroup T-M184 in West Asia its most likely point of divergence.

Kulubnarti 6340 was a 18 month old baby boy who lived between 770 - 960 CE Kulubnarti 6328 was a 7 year old boy who lived between 700 - 990 CE during the North Africa Christian Age and was found in the region now known as the elite R cemetery in Kulubnarti, Sudan.

They were associated with the Kulubnarti Nubians cultural group the Y-DNA was T-Y31479 and T-FT338883 they along with a Haplogroup LT were the three outliers amongst the Nubian elite R cemetery.

Possible patterns between Y-chromosome and elite endurance runners were studied in an attempt to find a genetic explanation to the Ethiopian endurance running success. Given the superiority of East African athletes in international distance running over the past four decades, it has been speculated that they are genetically advantaged. Elite marathon runners from Ethiopia were analysed for K*(xP) which according to the previously published Ethiopian studies is attributable to the haplogroup T{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/338306|title=Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny|year=2002|last1=Semino|first1=Ornella|last2=Santachiara-Benerecetti|first2=A. Silvana|last3=Falaschi|first3=Francesco|last4=Cavalli-Sforza|first4=L. Luca|last5=Underhill|first5=Peter A.|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=70|pages=265–8|pmid=11719903|pmc=384897|issue=1}}

According to further studies, T1a1a* (L208) was found to be proportionately more frequent in the elite marathon runners sample than in the control samples than any other haplogroup, therefore this y-chromosome could play a significant role in determining Ethiopian endurance running success. Haplogroup T1a1a* was found in 14% of the elite marathon runners sample of whom 43% of this sample are from Arsi province. In addition, haplogroup T1a1a* was found in only 4% of the Ethiopian control sample and only 1% of the Arsi province control sample. T1a1a* is positively associated with aspects of endurance running, whereas E1b1b1 (old E3b1) is negatively associated.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00439-004-1202-y|title=Y chromosome haplogroups of elite Ethiopian endurance runners|year=2004|last1=Moran|first1=Colin N.|last2=Scott|first2=Robert A.|last3=Adams|first3=Susan M.|last4=Warrington|first4=Samantha J.|last5=Jobling|first5=Mark A.|last6=Wilson|first6=Richard H.|last7=Goodwin|first7=William H.|last8=Georgiades|first8=Evelina|last9=Wolde|first9=Bezabhe|last10=Pitsiladis|first10=Yannis P.|journal=Human Genetics|volume=115|issue=6|pages=492–7|pmid=15503146|s2cid=13960753|display-authors=8}}

The House of Khalifa (Arabic: آل خليفة, romanized: Āl Khalīfah) is the ruling family of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The Al Khalifas profess Sunni Islam and belong to the Anizah tribe, some members of this tribe joined the Utub alliance which migrated from Central Arabia to Kuwait, then ruled all of Qatar, more specifically Al Zubarah, which they built and ruled over before settling in Bahrain in the early 17th century. The current head of the family is Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, who became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and proclaimed himself King of Bahrain in 2002, in fact becoming a constitutional monarch.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

{{Quote box

|title = Thomas Jefferson

|quote = Phylogenetic network analysis of its Y-STR (short tandem repeat) haplotype shows that it is most closely related to an Egyptian K2 [now T/K1a] haplotype, but the presence of scattered and diverse European haplotypes within the network is nonetheless consistent with Jefferson's patrilineage belonging to an ancient and rare indigenous European type. This is supported by the observation that two of 85 unrelated British men sharing the surname Jefferson also share the President's Y-STR haplotype within haplogroup K2.

|author = Turi E. King et al.

|source = {{cite journal |vauthors=King TE, Bowden GR, Balaresque PL, Adams SM, Shanks ME, Jobling MA |title=Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to a rare European lineage |journal=Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. |volume=132 |issue=4 |pages=584–9 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17274013 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20557}}

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{{See also|Jefferson–Hemings controversy}}

A notable member of the T-M184 haplogroup is the third US President, Thomas Jefferson. He reportedly belongs to a subclade of T-M184 which is most commonly found in the Iberian Peninsula (e.g. Spain). His most distant known ancestor is Samuel Jeffreason{{sic}}, born 11 October 1607 at Pettistree, Suffolk, England, although there is also a widespread belief that the President had Welsh ancestry.

There was controversy for almost two centuries regarding allegations that Thomas Jefferson had fathered the children of his slave Sally Hemings. The controversy effectively began on September 1,1802 with an article by James Callender, printed in a Richmond newspaper. Fawn Brodie, Thomas Jefferson, 1974, p.349 An oral tradition in the Hemings family and other historical evidence was countered in the early 19th century by some Jefferson's grandchildren, who asserted that a son of Thomas Jefferson's sister, by the name of Carr, had been the father of Hemings' children. However, a 1998 study of Jefferson male-line DNA found that it matched that of a descendant of Sally Hemings' youngest son, Eston Hemings. Most historians{{Who|date=October 2024}} now believe that Jefferson had a relationship with Hemings for 38 years, and probably fathered her seven known children, five of whom lived to adulthood. In addition, the testing conclusively disproved any connection between the Hemings descendant and the Carr male line.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

{{main|Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups}}

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

α {{harvnb|Jobling and Tyler-Smith|2000}} and {{harvnb|Kaladjieva|2001}}

β {{harvnb|Underhill|2000}}

γ {{harvnb|Hammer|2001}}

δ {{harvnb|Karafet|2001}}

ε {{harvnb|Semino|2000}}

ζ {{harvnb|Su|1999}}

η {{harvnb|Capelli|2001}}

{{Y-DNA}}

{{Reflist|30em|group=Research}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{refbegin|2}}

• {{cite journal |last1=Capelli |first1=Cristian |last2=Wilson |first2=James F. |last3=Richards |first3=Martin |last4=Stumpf |first4=Michael P.H. |last5=Gratrix |first5=Fiona |display-authors=4 |title=A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=February 2001 |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=432–443 |doi=10.1086/318205 |pmid=11170891 |pmc=1235276 |ref={{harvid|Capelli|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Hammer |first1=Michael F. |last2=Karafet |first2=Tatiana M. |last3=Redd |first3=Alan J. |last4=Jarjanazi |first4=Hamdi |last5=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first5=Silvana |display-authors=4 |title=Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |date=1 July 2001 |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=1189–1203 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906 |pmid=11420360 |ref={{harvid|Hammer|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{citation |last1=Jobling |year=2000 |doi=10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6 |title=New uses for new haplotypes |first1=Mark A. |last2=Tyler-Smith |first2=Chris |journal=Trends in Genetics |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=356–62 |pmid=10904265 |ref={{harvid|Jobling and Tyler-Smith|2000}}}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Kaladjieva |first1=Luba |last2=Calafell |first2=Francesc |last3=Jobling |first3=Mark A |last4=Angelicheva |first4=Dora |last5=de Knijff |first5=Peter |display-authors=4 |title=Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=February 2001 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=97–104 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597 |pmid=11313742 |ref={{harvid|Kaladjieva|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Karafet |first1=Tatiana |last2=Xu |first2=Liping |last3=Du |first3=Ruofu |last4=Wang |first4=William |last5=Feng |first5=Shi |display-authors=4 |title=Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=September 2001 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=615–628 |doi=10.1086/323299 |pmid=11481588 |pmc=1235490 |ref={{harvid|Karafet|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{citation |last1=Semino |year=2000 |doi=10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 |title=The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective |first1=O. |journal=Science |volume=290 |issue=5494 |pages=1155–9 |pmid=11073453 |last2=Passarino |first2=G |last3=Oefner |first3=PJ |last4=Lin |first4=AA |last5=Arbuzova |first5=S |display-authors=4 |last6=Beckman |bibcode=2000Sci...290.1155S |ref={{harvid|Semino|2000}}}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Su |first1=Bing |last2=Xiao |first2=Junhua |last3=Underhill |first3=Peter |last4=Deka |first4=Ranjan |last5=Zhang |first5=Weiling |display-authors=4 |title=Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=December 1999 |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1718–1724 |doi=10.1086/302680 |pmid=10577926 |pmc=1288383 |ref={{harvid|Su|1999}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Underhill |first1=Peter A. |last2=Shen |first2=Peidong |last3=Lin |first3=Alice A. |last4=Jin |first4=Li |last5=Passarino |first5=Giuseppe |display-authors=4 |title=Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations |journal=Nature Genetics |date=November 2000 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=358–361 |doi=10.1038/81685 |pmid=11062480 |s2cid=12893406 |ref={{harvid|Underhill|2000}}}}
• {{cite web |ref={{harvid|ISOGG|2015}} |title=ISOGG 2018 Y-DNA Haplogroup T |url=http://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpT.html |website=isogg.org}}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Y%2DHaplogroup%2DK2/ The Y-DNA Haplogroup T Project]
• [https://www.yfull.com/tree/T/ YFull T YTree]
• [https://www.oagr.org.au/source/I0795/ T1a-M70 skeleton, Germany I0795_390K] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221135154/https://www.oagr.org.au/source/I0795/ |date=2017-02-21 }}
• [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/ERR1136430 T1a-M70 skeleton, Germany I0795_1240K]
• [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/ERR1136431 T1a-M70 skeleton, Germany I0797_1240K]
• [http://britishacademy.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5871/bacad/9780197265758.001.0001/upso-9780197265758-chapter-6 Settlement Burials at the Karsdorf LBK Site, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany]
• [http://s23.postimg.org/uuwn0csjv/Karsdorf_Burial_settlement_T1a.png Map of the 7100ybp T1a settlement of Karsdorf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118032725/http://s23.postimg.org/uuwn0csjv/Karsdorf_Burial_settlement_T1a.png |date=2017-01-18 }}
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hi9RZVlF-c Video: Karsdorf's adjacent pagan structure for tribal rituals]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQuAV5Jc_CY Video: Tribal culture contemporaneous to T1a and their adjacent pagan structure]
• [https://daahl.ucsd.edu/DAAHL/SitesRecordView.php?SiteNo=353100107 The Digital Archaeological Atlas of the 'Ain Ghazal settlement]
• [http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/c14.php?c14M=1&AN=1 C14 radiocarbon CONTEXT database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309170207/http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/c14.php?c14M=1&AN=1 |date=2016-03-09 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup T1 (Y-Dna)}}

T-L206

Category:Demeter

Category:Tanit