Hispaniolan mango

The Hispaniolan mango was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Trochilus dominicus.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=191 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946387 }} Linnaeus based his description on the "colibry de S. Domingue" that was described and illustrated by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés | volume=3 | language=French, Latin | pages=672-373, Plate 35 fig 4 | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35953795 }} The type locality is in the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola (and not the island of Dominica).{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1945 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=5 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=26 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480037 }} The Antillean mango is now placed in the genus Anthracothorax that was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1831.{{ cite journal | last=Boie | first=Friedrich | author-link=Friedrich Boie | year=1831 | title=Bemerkungen über Species und einige ornithologische Familien und Sippen | journal=Isis von Oken | language=German | volume=24 | at=Cols 538–548 [545]| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27512960 }}

From about 1945, some taxonomic systems treated what are now the Hispaniolan mango and the Puerto Rican mango (Anthracothorax aurulentus) as subspecies of the "Antillean mango" under the same binomial, A. dominicus, as the current species. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treated the two as separate species as early as 2003 and called A. dominicus the "Hispaniolan mango". The American Ornithological Society (AOS), the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the Clements taxonomy followed suit in 2022.{{cite web |url=http://checklist.aou.org/taxa |title=Check-list of North and Middle American Birds |author= |date=August 2022 |publisher=American Ornithological Society |access-date=August 9, 2022 }}Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022

File:DRbirds Antillean Mango 2c.jpg

Hispaniolan mangoes are {{convert|11.5|to|13.5|cm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long; males weigh {{convert|6.0|to|8.2|g|oz|abbr=on}} and females {{convert|4.0|to|7.0|g|oz|abbr=on}}. Adult males have shiny bronze-green upperparts. The chin and throat are metallic green and the rest of the underparts velvety black with a bluish tinge. The tail is mostly violet; the inner webs of the feathers are coppery and the tips blue-black. The female's upperparts are also shiny bronze-green. Its underparts are grayish lightening to pale white on the abdomen. The tail is reddish violet with broad black marks near the end; the outermost feathers have white tips. The juvenile is thought to be like the female but with a black line down the center of the underparts.Kirwan, G. M., J. del Hoyo, K.L. Schuchmann, N. Collar, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Antillean Mango (Anthracothorax dominicus), version 2.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.antman1.02 retrieved January 18, 2022

The Hispaniolan mango is found throughout Hispaniola and several of its small offshore islands. It inhabits a variety of both moist and dry landscapes including clearings, gardens, shade coffee plantations, secondary forest, and coastal shrublands. It occurs generally below {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} but is found (though rarely) as high as {{convert|2600|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

The Hispaniolan mango is resident throughout its range.

The Hispaniolan mango feeds on both nectar and arthropods, though details are not well known. It takes nectar from a wide variety of flowering plants and males defend nectar-rich territories. Insects are mostly taken on the wing and spiders from leaves and bark. It forages as high as {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}} above the ground. The species is the primary pollinator for the flowers Heliconia bihai and H. caribaea.{{Cite journal|url=http://www.hbw.com/species/hispaniolan-mango-anthracothorax-dominicus|title=Hispaniolan Mango (Anthracothorax dominicus)|website=www.hbw.com|doi=10.2173/bow.antman1.02 |s2cid=241472881 |language=en|access-date=2019-05-25|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal|last=Martén-Rodríguez|first=Silvana|date=December 2011|title=Plant–pollinator interactions and floral convergence in two species of Heliconia from the Caribbean Islands|journal=Oecologia|volume=167|issue=4|pages=1075–1083|doi=10.1007/s00442-011-2043-8|pmid=21792557|bibcode=2011Oecol.167.1075M |s2cid=7713862}}

The Hispaniolan mango's breeding phenology has not been studied; most information is anecdotal. It is believed to breed at any time of the year. The nest is a cup of soft plant fibers bound with spider silk and covered on the outside with lichens and bark flakes. It is usually placed in a tree or shrubs. The clutch size is two eggs.

{{birdsong|url=https://xeno-canto.org/species/Anthracothorax-dominicus |species=Antillean mango}}

The Hispaniolan mango is thought to be mostly silent, and its song has not been described. The calls include "a repeated short tsip" and "a high-pitched liquid trill".

The IUCN has assessed the Hispaniolan mango as being of Least Concern, though its population size and trend are not known. It generally common in coastal areas and is abundant in dry areas. It has been extirpated from some small offshore islands.

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Category:Anthracothorax

Category:Hummingbird species of the Caribbean

Category:Birds of Hispaniola

Category:Birds described in 1766

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus