Hosea 12

The original text was written in Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 14 verses in English Christian Bibles, but 15 verses in the Hebrew Bible, which includes Hosea 11:12 as verse 1.[https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1311.htm Book of Hosea chapter 11] and [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1312.htm chapter 12] of The Hebrew Bible in Hebrew and English according to the JPS 1917 editionNote on Hosea 11:12 in the NET Bible This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions. For verse 1 in the Hebrew Bible see Hosea 11:12.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments cumulatively containing all verses of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXII^g; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1–14 (verses 1–15 in Masoretic Text).{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=596–597}}[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#hosea Dead sea scrolls - Hosea]{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}}[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q82-1 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|Book of Hosea is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}}}

:"Ephraim feeds on the wind,

::And pursues the east wind;

:He daily increases lies and desolation.

::Also they make a covenant with the Assyrians,

:::And oil is carried to Egypt.{{bibleverse|Hosea|12:1|NKJV}}: New King James Version

• "East wind": in Palestine is coming from Arabia and the Far East, over large sandy area, scorching, destructive to vegetation {{bibleverse|Psalm|48:7|KJV}}, and also having the force of the whirlwind ({{bibleverse|Job|27:21|KJV}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|18:17|KJV}}).Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}
• "Oil is carried into Egypt" refers to rich and precious oils used to procure Egypt's friendship. The Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary notes that "Palestine was famed for oil", cf. Ezekiel 27:17: Judah and Israel traded with you (Tyre); they exchanged wheat from Minnith and confections, honey, olive oil and balm for your wares.{{bibleverse|Ezekiel|27:17|NIV}}: New International Version Isaiah's prophecies condemned such associations with Egypt.Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset, and David Brown, [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/hosea/12.htm Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible] on Hosea 12, 1871.{{PD-notice}}{{bibleverse|Isaiah|30:2,6|NKJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Isaiah|31:1|NKJV}})

: And I that am the Lord thy God from the land of Egypt

::will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles,

:: as in the days of the solemn feast.{{bibleverse|Hosea|12:9|KJV}} KJV

This verse consists of two parts which in the original are coordinated. It is better to translate thus:

: And I am the Lord thy God, from the land of Egypt:

:: I will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles,

:: as in the days of the solemn feast.Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}}

Kimchi interprets the phrase "dwell in tabernacles" as a promise, perhaps rendered with an implied threat, that even so God is "ready to bring Israel forth out of the captivity where [they] will be, as God brought Israel forth out of the land of Egypt, and made them dwell in tents in the wilderness, God is ready again to bring Israel forth out of the lands of the Gentiles, to cause them to dwell in tents in the wilderness along the way, until they shall return to their land in peace".

• "As in the days of the solemn feast": alluding to the feast of tabernacles, which commemorates the Israelites dwelling in tents in the wilderness ({{bibleverse|Leviticus|23:42|KJV}}), which may refer to Jesus Christ's incarnation, expressed as 'his tabernacling' among men in human nature (John 1:14; cf. {{bibleverse|Zechariah|14:16|KJV}}). The materials to make the tabernacles are willows trees of the brook, palm trees, olive trees, and myrtle trees, according to {{bibleverse|Leviticus|23:40|KJV}}.John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}

: And Jacob fled into the country of Syria,

:: and Israel served for a wife,

:: and for a wife he kept sheep.{{bibleverse|Hosea|12:12|KJV}}: KJV

• "Country of Syria": or "field of Syria""agrum Aram", Montanus; "in agrum Syriae", Vatablus, Drusius, Rivet, Schmidt.{{clarify|date=December 2023}} ({{Script/Hebrew|שדה ארם}}, {{Strong-number|śə-ḏêh|H|07704}} {{Strong-number|'ă-rām|H|00758}}) the same with "Padan-Aram" ("Padan" means "field" in Arabic and "Aram" is Syria), the place to where Jacob fled from his brother Esau ({{bibleverse|Genesis|28:1|KJV}}).
• "Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep" refers to the period which Jacob spent as a shepherd working for Laban, his uncle, to marry his two wives, Leah and Rachel, Laban's daughters. He served for seven years for each wife ({{bibleverse|Genesis|29:1|KJV}}).

:And by a prophet the Lord brought Israel out of Egypt,

::and by a prophet was he preserved.{{bibleverse|Hosea|12:13|KJV}}: KJV

• "By a prophet" denotes Moses ({{bibleverse|Numbers|12:6-8|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|18:15, 18|KJV}}).
• "Preserved": or "kept"; there is an allusion to the same Hebrew word in Hosea 12:12, "kept sheep"; Israel was kept by God as His flock, even as Jacob kept sheep ({{bibleverse|Psalm|80:1|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Isaiah| 63:11|KJV}}).

{{Portal|Bible}}

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Assyria
• Gilead
• Gilgal
• Egypt
• Ephraim
• Jacob
• Israel
• Syria

{{div col end}}

• Related Bible parts: Genesis 25, Genesis 28, Genesis 29, Genesis 32, Genesis 35, Exodus 14, Jeremiah 7, Hosea 6, Hosea 7, Hosea 8, Hosea 9, Hosea 10

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

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|title = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures

|publisher = Fortress Press

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• {{cite book|last= Day | first= John | chapter = 27. Hosea | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 571–578 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|author-link= Joseph Fitzmyer |publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 9780802862419|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
• {{Cite book

|last = Hayes

|first = Christine

|title = Introduction to the Bible

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• {{Cite book

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| editor-first = Eugene |editor-link= Eugene Ulrich

| title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants

| year = 2010

| publisher = Brill

| url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls}}

• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1312.htm Hosea 12 Hebrew with Parallel English]
• [http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16166 Hosea 12 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]

• [http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=12 Hosea 12 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211082432/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=12 |date=2017-02-11 }}

{{Book of Hosea}}

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