House of Kamehameha

File:Kuka'ilimoku.jpg by his uncle Kalaniʻōpuʻu]]

The origins of the House of Kamehameha stems from the progenitor, Keōua Kalanikupuapa`ikalaninui who was the sacred father of Kamehameha I and by the royal court of his brother Kalaniʻōpuʻu{{sfn|Kanahele|Kanahele|1986|p=54}} who later became king and gave his war god Kuka'ilimoku to Kamehameha I. Kalaniʻōpuʻu's father was Kalaninuiʻīamamao and Keōua's father was Kalanikeʻeaumoku, both were sons of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku.{{sfn|Kanahele|Kanahele|1986|p=54}} They shared a common mother, Kamakaʻīmoku. Both brothers served Alapaʻinui, the ruling King of Hawaiʻi island at the time.{{sfn|Kanahele|Kanahele|1986|p=54}} Contemporary Hawaiian genealogy notes that Keōua may not have been Kamehameha's biological father, and that Kahekili II might have been the figure's real father.{{sfn|Kanahele|Kanahele|1986|p=54}}{{sfn|Dibble|1843|p=54}} But official genealogies of the chiefs{{Cite web|url=https://www.papakilodatabase.com/pdnupepa/?a=d&d=KKH18350819-01.1.5&srpos=9&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN%7CtxNU%7CtxTR-kalanikupuapaikalaninui------|title=Ke Kumu Hawaii 19 August 1835 — Papakilo Database|website=www.papakilodatabase.com|access-date=2019-05-13}} as well as the rulers themselves{{Cite web|url=http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/liliuokalani/hawaii/hawaii.html|title=Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen.|website=digital.library.upenn.edu|access-date=2019-05-13}} confirm that Keōua was the true father. Kamehameha I's mother was Kekuʻiapoiwa II, a granddaughter of Keawe.

Kamehameha I's exact birth date is uncertain. The traditional mele chant of Keaka, wife of Alapaʻinui, indicates that Kamehameha I was born in the month of ikuwā (winter) or around November.{{sfn|Hawaiian Historical Society|1936|p=15}} Alapaʻi gave the child to his wife Keaka and her sister Hākau to care for.{{sfn|Federal Highway Administration|1973|p=483}}{{sfn|Taylor|1922|p=79}} Samuel Kamakau, in his newspaper article writes "It was during the time of the warfare among the chiefs of [the island of] Hawaii which followed the death of Keawe, chief over the whole island (Ke-awe-i-kekahi-aliʻi-o-ka-moku) that Kamehameha I was born". However, his general dating has been challenged.{{sfn|Kamakau|1992|page=66}} Abraham Fornander writes in his publication, "An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations": "when Kamehameha died in 1819 he was past eighty years old. His birth would thus fall between 1736 and 1740, probably nearer the former than the latter".{{sfn|Fornander|1880|p=136}} "A brief history of the Hawaiian people" By William De Witt Alexander lists the birth date in the Chronological Table of Events of Hawaiian History" as 1736.{{sfn|Alexander|1891|p=324}} He would be named Paiea but would take the name Kamehameha, meaning "The lonely one" or "The one who has been set apart".{{sfn|Morrison|Kiefer|2003|p=11}}{{cite book|author1=Jake Goldberg|author2=Joyce Hart|title=Hawai'i|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZV-2bAE0ooC&pg=PA128|year=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-2349-2|pages=128–}}

Kalaniʻōpuʻu, the young Kamehameha's uncle, would raise him after his father's death. Kalaniʻōpuʻu ruled Hawaiʻi as did his grandfather Keawe. He had a number of advisors and priests. When word reached the ruler that chiefs were planning to murder the boy, he told Kamehameha:

{{Quote|"My child, I have heard the secret complaints of the chiefs and their mutterings that they will take you and kill you, perhaps soon. While I am alive they are afraid, but when I die they will take you and kill you. I advise you to go back to Kohala." "I have left you the god; there is your wealth."{{sfn|Kanahele|Kanahele|1986|p=54}}}}

{{Main|Death of James Cook}}

File:ʻAhu ʻula (5213190806).jpg]]

In 1778 Captain James Cook visited the Hawaiian Islands and returned in 1779.{{cite book|author1=Helen Wong|author2=Ann Rayson|title=Hawaii's Royal History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8iLDyCltMC&pg=PA41|year=1987|publisher=Bess Press|isbn=978-0-935848-48-9}}{{rp|41–}} When his ship, Resolution broke a foremast as they were leaving, he was forced to turn back and return to Kealakekua Bay.{{cite book|author=Michael Perkins|title=Surviving Paradise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7OByJAe4VsC&pg=PA320|date=1 October 2006|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-84728-935-3|pages=320–}} A fight and theft of blacksmith tools led to a situation on shore where a Hawaiian canoe was confiscated, even after the tools were recovered.{{cite book|author=Jack Kelly|title=The True Story of the Death of Captain James Cook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-aQk3mUIz4C&pg=PP2|date=7 April 2011|publisher=Jack Kelly|isbn=978-1-4524-4257-0|pages=2–}} Tensions were high with the Hawaiian population and one of Cook's small boats was taken.{{cite book|author=Phillip Jones|title=Mariners, Merchants And The Military Too|date=28 January 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2v-UAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT34|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-9565549-4-9|pages=34–}} In retaliation, Cook decided to kidnap King Kalaniʻōpuʻu. As he was being led away from his royal enclosure, his favorite wife, Kānekapōlei began to shout to the townspeople to get their attention.{{cite book|author=Ralph Simpson Kuykendall|title=The Hawaiian Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndDe5Un57x0C&pg=PA18|date=1 January 1938|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-87022-431-7}}{{rp|18}}{{cite book|author1=Abraham Fornander|author2=John F. G. Stokes|title=An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I.|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tcQNAAAAQAAJ|year=1880|publisher=Trubner & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tcQNAAAAQAAJ/page/n206 193]–}} Two chiefs, Kalaimanokahoowaha{{refn|group=nb|Kalaimanokahoowaha was a grandson of Alapaʻinui however, because of his father's defeat and his mother's chiefly server line, he became a Kaukau aliʻi and served the ruling chief, Kalaniʻōpuʻu.{{cite book|author=Kanalu G. Terry Young|title=Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQLtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55|date=25 February 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-77669-7}}}}{{rp|55-}} (also known as Kanaina nui) and a royal attendant named Nuaa, saw her pleading as the King was being led away with his two sons following.{{cite book|author=John Meares|title=Hawaiian Historical Society. Reprints (1787, 1788 and 1789)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=USMOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA76|year=1791|pages=76–}}{{cite book|author=Daniel O'Sullivan|title=In Search of Captain Cook: Exploring the Man Through His Own Words|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHUAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA223|date=30 March 2008|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-350-6|pages=223–}} As they reached the beach Kanaina, Kānekapōlei and Nuaa were able to convince Kalaniʻōpuʻu to stop and he sat where he stood.{{rp|18}}{{cite book|author=Gavan Daws|title=Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w19C8zZC21EC&pg=PA20|year=1968|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-0324-7|pages=20–}} The crowd began to become aggressive and a rock was thrown and hit Cook. He took out his sword and struck Kanaina broadside without injury, but the chief reacted and immediately seized Cook and held him in his grip{{cite book|author=David Kalakaua (King of Hawaii)|title=The legends and myths of Hawaii: The fables and folk-lore of a strange people|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smIuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA391|year=1888|publisher=C.L. Webster & Company|pages=391–}} when the king's attendant, Nuaa{{refn|group=nb|It was Nuaa who stabbed Cook.{{cite book|author1=Arthur Grove Day|author2=Carl Stroven|title=True tales of the South Seas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVsrAQAAIAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Appleton-Century|pages=318}}}} stabbed him from behind.{{cite book|author=Sheldon Dibble|title=History and general views of the Sandwich Islands' mission|url=https://archive.org/details/historyandgener00dibbgoog|year=1839|publisher=Taylor & Dodd|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyandgener00dibbgoog/page/n34 30]–}}{{cite book|author=Janet Susan Holman|title=The Enlightenment and Captain James Cook: The Lono-Cook-Kirk-Regenesis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p36fZKA9grMC&pg=PA173|date=23 May 2008|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4685-3337-8|pages=173–}} Before the remains of Cook were returned, the bones of the man were boiled down to strip off the flesh then given to chiefs. Kamehameha received Captain Cook's hair.{{cite book|author=King David Kalakaua|title=The Legends and Myths of Hawaii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgPQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT350|date=13 December 2013|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-0704-5|pages=350–}}

File:Kamehameha Statue and flag.jpg, founder of the Kingdom of Hawaii.]]

After Kalaniʻōpuʻu's death, Kīwalaʻō would take his father's place as first born and rule the island while Kamehameha would have religious authority. A number of chiefs supported Kamehameha and war soon broke out to overthrow Kīwalaʻō. After a number of battles the king was killed and envoys sent for the last two brothers to meet with Kamehameha. Keōua and Kaōleiokū arrived in separate canoes. Keōua came to shore first where a fight broke out and he and all aboard were killed. Before the same could happen to the second canoe, Kamehameha intervened. By 1795, Kamehameha had conquered all of the islands but Kauai and Niihau. He would come to control them as well in 1810 when Kaumualiʻi, king of both, formally recognized Kamehameha as his suzerain.

For his first royal residence, the new King built the first western-style structure built in the Hawaiian Islands, known as the "Brick Palace".{{cite book|author1=Lonely Planet|author2=Sara Benson|author3=Amy C Balfour |author4=Adam Karlin |author5=Adam Skolnick |author6=Paul Stiles |author7=Ryan Ver Berkmoes|title=Lonely Planet Hawaii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRuDAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT732|date=1 August 2013|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|isbn=978-1-74321-788-7|pages=732–}} The king commissioned the structure to be built at Keawa'iki point in Lahaina, Maui.{{cite book|title=Lahaina Watershed Flood Control Project: Environmental Impact Statement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu43AQAAMAAJ|year=2004|page= 214}} Two foreign, ex-convicts from Australia's Botany Bay penal colony built the home.{{cite book|author=Rich Budnick|title=Hawaii's Forgotten History: 1900-1999: The Good...The Bad...The Embarrassing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2nxAAAAMAAJ|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Aloha Press|page= 154|isbn=978-0-944081-04-4}} It was begun in 1798 and was completed after 4 years in 1802.{{cite book|author=Jeanette Foster|title=Frommer's Maui 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZfNoKimebIC&pg=PT144|date=17 July 2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-33145-3|pages=144–}}{{cite book|author=Patrick Vinton Kirch|title=Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WpmY7h7cVQ8C&pg=PA318|date=1 January 1997|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-1938-5|pages=318–}} The house was intended for Kaʻahumanu,{{cite book|author1=David Thompson|author2=Lesa M. Griffith|author3=Joan Conrow|title=Pauline Frommer's Hawaii|url=https://archive.org/details/paulinefrommersh0000conr|url-access=registration|date=14 July 2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-06984-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paulinefrommersh0000conr/page/284 284]–}} but she refused to live in the structure and resided instead in a traditional Hawaiian-styled home only feet away.

Kamehameha I had many wives but held two the most high regard. Keōpūolani was the highest ranking aliʻi of her time{{rp|69-}} and mother to his sons, Liholiho and Kauikeaouli. Kaʻahumanu was his favorite. Kamehameha I died in 1819 and his son, Liholiho would become the next king.{{cite book|author=Rita Ariyoshi|title=Hawaii|url=https://archive.org/details/hawaii0000ariy|url-access=registration|year=2009|publisher=National Geographic Books|isbn=978-1-4262-0388-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/hawaii0000ariy/page/29 29]–35}}

File:Their Majesties King Rheo Rhio, Queen Tamehamalu, Madame Poke.jpg

After Kamehameha I's death, his first born son Liholiho left Kailua for a week and returned to be crowned king. At the lavish ceremony attended by commoners and nobles of the kingdom he approached the circle of chiefs, as Kaʻahumanu, the central figure in the group and Dowager Queen, spoke: "Hear me O Divine one, for I make known to you the will of your father. Behold these chiefs and the men of your father, and these your guns, and this your land, but you and I shall share the realm together" Liholiho agreed officially, which began a unique system of dual-government consisting of a King and co-ruler similar to a co-regent.{{rp|64-}} The new Kamehameha II would share his rule with his stepmother, Kaʻahumanu. She would defy Hawaiian kapu by dining with the young king, violating the law separating genders during meals and leading to the destruction of the old Hawaiian religion. Kamehameha II died, along with his wife, Queen Kamāmalu in 1824 on a state visit to England where they succumbed to measles. He was King for only 5 years.

When Kamehameha II and his queen died in England, the remains of the couple were returned to Hawaii by Boki. On board the ship, "The Blond" his wife Liliha and Kekūanaōʻa would be baptized as Christians. Kaʻahumanu would also convert and become a heavy Christian influence on Hawaiian society until her death in 1832.{{cite book|author=John Garrett|title=To Live Among the Stars: Christian Origins in Oceania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7HYexAnWCoC&pg=PA52|date=1 January 1982|publisher=editorips@usp.ac.fj|isbn=978-2-8254-0692-2|pages=52–}} Since the new king was only 12 years old, Kaʻahumanu was now senior ruler and named Boki as her Kuhina Nui.

Boki would leave Hawaii on a fatal trip to find sandlewood to cover a debt and would be lost at sea. His wife, Liliha would be left the governorship of Maui and would unsuccessfully attempt to whip up revolt against Kaʻahumanu, who, upon Boki's departure, had installed Kīnaʻu as a co-governor.

File:Kaahumanu with servant.jpg]]

Kaʻahumanu was born on Maui around 1777. Her parents were aliʻi chiefs of a lower ranking line. She became Kamehameha's consort when she was fourteen. George Vancouver states: "[O]ne of the finest woman we had yet seen on any of the islands".{{cite book|author=Edward Joesting|title=Kauai: The Separate Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfWj0Pt3cwoC&pg=PA97|date=1 February 1988|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-1162-4|pages=97–}} To wed the young woman, Kamehameha had to consent to make Kaʻahumanu's children his heirs to the Kingdom although, in the end, she produced no issue.{{cite book|author=David Kalakaua (King of Hawaii)|title=The legends and myths of Hawaii: The fables and folk-lore of a strange people|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smIuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA399|year=1888|publisher=C.L. Webster & Company|pages=399–}}

Before his death, Kamehameha selected Kaʻahumanu to rule along with his son. Kaʻahumanu had also adopted the boy.{{cite book|author=Sherry B. Ortner|title=Making Gender: The Politics and Erotics of Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XoeDtwMT8zIC&pg=PA163|year=1997|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=978-0-8070-4633-3|pages=163–}} She had the highest political clout in the islands. A portrait artist remarked of her: "This Old Dame is the most proud, unbending Lady in the whole island. As the widow of [Kamehameha], she possesses unbound authority and respect, not any of which she is inclined to lay aside on any occasion whatsoever".{{cite book|author=Sarah Vowell|title=Unfamiliar Fishes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRPXBXsU7UIC&pg=PT32|date=22 March 2011|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-101-48645-0|pages=32–}} She is one of the most influential leaders in Hawaii's history.{{cite book|author=Alan Robert Akana|title=The Volcano Is Our Home|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beclAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=18 March 2014|publisher=Balboa Press|isbn=978-1-4525-8753-0}}{{rp|68–}}

File:Kamehameha III in Prussian uniform, c. 1831.jpg

Liholiho's death elevated his younger brother, Kauikeaouli to the throne, styled as Kamehameha III at the age of twelve.{{cite book|author=Monica Nucciarone|title=Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HGAKf203p8C&pg=PA46|year=2009|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-3353-9|pages=46–}} When Kaʻahumanu died Kauikeaouli was 18.

With the death of the Kuhina Nui, the young king demanded to come into the possession of his full inheritance.{{cite book|author=Pan-Pacific Research Institution|title=The Mid-Pacific Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFQ7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA341|year=1913|publisher=T.H., A.H. Ford.|pages=341–}} He immediately rebelled against the Christian church and suspended all laws except murder and theft, which was a common tradition after the death of a chief. Distilleries were re-opened and the ban of alcohol lifted as was the ban on Hula. For his co-ruler, Kamehameha chose his aikāne (same sex partner), Kaomi.{{refn|group=nb|Kaomi was Kamehameha III's male lover. Possibly the best example of an aikāne.{{rp|69-}} He was made the "engrafted king",{{cite book|author=Robert Borofsky|title=Remembrance of Pacific Pasts: An Invitation to Remake History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlswGeLZw10C&pg=PA201|year=2000|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2301-6}}}}{{rp|201}} a young, half Tahitian man who had helped to heal the king and had been a close relationship for years.{{cite book|author=Noenoe K. Silva|title=Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-G4TZ_hDVfsC&pg=PA61|date=7 September 2004|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=0-8223-3349-X|pages=61–}}{{cite book|author=Malama Meleisea|title=The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJ9ULYwX3zgC&pg=PA213|date=25 March 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00354-4|pages=213–}} The church was outraged.{{cite book|author=Susan Y. Najita|title=Decolonizing Culture in Pacific Literature: Reading History and Trauma in Contemporary Fiction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hJr5lOvCfQC&pg=PA44|date=22 September 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-21172-2|pages=44–}} Kaomi was granted true authority which he yielded. Eventually Kamehameha III, under pressure from the church, would remove the young man and would name Liliha to be the next Kuhina Nui. In November 1833, Hoapili (Liliha's father), Kekūanaōʻa, Kanaina and Kīnaʻu, along with armed royal attendants, including Kilinahe, went to the king's home to persuade him not to pick Liliha as Kuhina Nui. Hoapili begged the king to kill him if he should choose his daughter so the people would not blame him for her elevation. They pleaded with the king to choose Kinau as a true daughter of the House of Kamehameha. The King agreed and when he sent for Liliha to tell her the news, she was found drunk at home.{{cite book|author=Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau|title=Ruling chiefs of Hawaii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUfRAAAAMAAJ|year=1961|publisher=Kamehameha Schools Press}}

File:House of Kamehameha (restored).jpg (center) and his wife, Queen Kalama (left); Kamehameha IV (left rear), Kamehameha V (right rear) and their sister, Victoria Kamāmalu (right)]]

Kīnaʻu would be succeeded by Kekāuluohi as Kuhina Nui, acting for the true heir to the position, Victoria Kamāmalu, Kīnaʻu's infant daughter. Kekāuluohi would be styled as Kaʻahumanu III.{{sfn|Kirch|Sahlins|1994|p=119}} After Kekāuluohi died in 1845, the next Kuhina Nui would be Keoni Ana, the son of John Young, one of Kamehameha I's important foreign advisors.{{rp|208}} Kauikeaouli named an heir, his nephew, Alexander ʻIolani Liholiho who took the throne styled as Kamehameha IV in 1855. The third Kamehameha instituted the Great Mahele, which gave up millions of acres of land passed from his brother, who inherited it from Kamehameha I, leaving all to him as the ruler of the kingdom. Kamehameha III had illegitimate twin sons by Jane Lahilahi named Kīwalaʻō (died young) and Albert Kūnuiākea (1851–1903).{{cite book|last1=McKinzie|first1=Edith Kawelohea|editor-last=Stagner|editor-first=Ishmael W.|title=Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YPNBdfvmDUC|volume=1|year=1983|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=0-939154-28-5|oclc=12555087|page=95}}{{cite book|last=Klieger|first=P. Christiaan|title=Mokuʻula: Maui's Sacred Island|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HitzAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Bishop Museum Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-1-58178-002-4|oclc=40142899|page=53}}

Alexander ʻIolani Liholiho was the nephew of Kamehameha II and grandson of Kamehameha I. He reigned as Kamehameha IV. Along with his wife Queen Emma, Kamehameha IV would establish the Queen's Medical Center.{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/kamehameha-iv|title=Kamehameha IV - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com|website=HISTORY.com|access-date=2017-07-31}}{{cite book|author1=Ann Rayson|author2=Helen Bauer|title=Hawaiʻi, the Pacific State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnSDwPisnhMC&pg=PA47|year=1997|publisher=Bess Press|isbn=978-1-57306-062-2|pages=47–}} He was the son of Kīnaʻu, daughter of Kamehameha I and Kekūanaōʻa, a high ranking warrior chief from the conquest of the islands who became Governor of Oahu.{{cite book|title=The Gentleman's Magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/gentlemansmagaz107unkngoog|year=1864|publisher=F. Jefferies|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gentlemansmagaz107unkngoog/page/n516 522]–}}{{cite book|author=Ralph Simpson Kuykendall|title=The Hawaiian Kingdom: 1854-1874, twenty critical years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FIi1-07t8kC&pg=PA33|year=1953|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-87022-432-4|pages=33–}} He ascended the throne at the age of 21. He was a tall man often described as handsome. His wife was, Emma Naea Rooke, granddaughter of John Young.{{cite book|author=Stephen Dando-Collins|title=Taking Hawaii: How Thirteen Honolulu Businessmen Overthrew the Queen of Hawaii in 1893, With a Bluff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmMkAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT15|date=1 April 2014|publisher=Open Road Media|isbn=978-1-4976-1429-1|pages=15–}} The couple had one child, a son named Albert Edward Kauikeaouli who died at the age of 4 years old leaving the throne to pass to his uncle.

Lot Kapuāiwa became king in 1863 styled as Kamehameha V. Lot was a bachelor up to his death in 1872 bringing to an end the Kamehameha Dynasty.{{cite book|author=Daniel S. Murphree|title=Native America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QWxg0Il8M74C&pg=PA269|date=January 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-38126-3}}{{rp|269–}} However, Lot had an illegitimate daughter Keanolani by his classmate Abigail Maheha at the Chiefs' Children's School.{{cite book|last=Kam|first=Ralph Thomas|title=Death Rites and Hawaiian Royalty: Funerary Practices in the Kamehameha and Kalakaua Dynasties, 1819–1953|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kvanAAACAAJ|year=2017|publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers|location=S. I.|isbn=978-1-4766-6846-8|oclc=966566652|pages=70–72}}{{cite journal|last=Kaomea|first=Julie|title=Education for Elimination in Nineteenth-Century Hawaiʻi: Settler Colonialism and the Native Hawaiian Chiefs' Children's Boarding School|journal=History of Education Quarterly|location=New York|publisher=History of Education Society|volume=54|issue=2|year=2014|doi=10.1111/hoeq.12054|issn=0018-2680|oclc=5571935029|pages=123–144}}{{cite news|title=Keanu Dies On The Sea Shore|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=July 1, 1902|page=2|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1902-07-01/ed-1/seq-2/}}; {{cite news|title=Keanu Dies On The Sea Shore|newspaper=The Hawaiian Gazette|location=Honolulu|date=July 1, 1902|page=4|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1902-07-01/ed-1/seq-4/}}; {{cite news|title=Death Of A Chiefess – Reputed Daughter Of Kamehameha Dead|newspaper=The Hawaiian Star|location=Honolulu|date=June 30, 1902|page=1|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015415/1902-06-30/ed-1/seq-1/}}{{cite news|last=Keawe|first=J. H.|title=He Kamehameha Oiaio Oia|newspaper=Ka Nupepa Kuokoa|location=Honolulu|date=July 31, 1903|volume=XLI|issue=31|page=1|url=https://nupepa-hawaii.com/2017/03/12/samuela-kekuiapoiwa-1903/#more-33782|access-date=July 15, 2018}}

On his deathbed, before his passing, he offered the throne to Elizabeth Keka'aniau and Bernice Pauahi Bishop but they both refused it. Finally, Kamehameha V stated: "The throne belongs to Lunalilo; I will not appoint him, because I consider him unworthy of the position. The constitution, in case I make no nomination, provides for the election of the next King; let it be so." He would die the following morning.{{cite book|author=United States. Department of State|title=Foreign Relations of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfv3ueHyoWgC&pg=PA986|year=1895|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=986–}} This enabled an election from the original stock of ali'i who were groomed for the position to rule by royal decree of King Kamehameha III. The Princes and Chiefs of rank, eligible to be rulers who were groomed at the original Chiefs' Children's School.

William Charles Lunalilo was the highest chief in the Hawaiian Kingdom of his time.{{cite book|author=Jean Hobbs|title=Hawaii: A Pageant of the Soil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0-fAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA71|year=1935|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-0990-3|pages=71–}} He became the first elected monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom{{rp|270–}} and would be the last of the Kamehameha dynasty. Lunalilo was the son of Charles Kanaʻina and Miriam Auhea Kekauluohi, a niece of Kamehameha I through her father Kalaimamahu, Kamehameha I's half-brother. However, she was a formal member of the House of Kamehameha as a wife of the founding monarch in his last years. Lunalilo was also a member of the House of Keōua{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Kekaaniauokalani Kalaninuiohilaukapu Pratt|title=History of Keoua Kalanikupuapa-i-nui: Father of Hawaii Kings, and His Descendants, with Notes on Kamehameha I, First King of All Hawaii|url=https://archive.org/details/historykeouakal00unkngoog|year=1920|publisher=T. H.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historykeouakal00unkngoog/page/n38 34]–}} and the House of Moana.{{rp|64}} His mother was taken by Kamehameha, after her birth and given to Kaʻahumanu because she could not conceive. Kekauluohi was a punalua child, having dual parentage. Lunalilo was the last Kamehameha monarch.{{cite book|author=Jon Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio|title=Dismembering L_hui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5k6W_6QOFgC&pg=PA147|date=January 2002|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2549-2|pages=147–}}

{{Kalaniʻōpuʻu, Kamehameha, Kānekapōlei and Peleuli family tree}}

{{Kalākaua family tree}}

The British name of the "Sandwich Islands" was replaced with "Hawaiʻi" due to the influence of the House of Kamehameha.{{cite book|author=Steven Roger Fischer|title=Islands: From Atlantis to Zanzibar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUSUuauXBkwC&pg=PA284|date=15 February 2013|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-053-5|pages=284–}}

A good portion of the legacy of the Kamehamehas' lies in the lands and fortunes passed down to Bernice Pauahi Bishop.{{cite book|author1=Samuel P. King|author2=Randall W. Roth|title=Broken Trust: Greed, Mismanagement, And Political Manipulation at America's Largest Charitable Trust|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ot6ihjRRg-QC&pg=PA188|date=1 January 2006|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3044-1|pages=188–}} After her death in 1884, her husband, Charles Bishop, acting as one of five trustees and a co-executer of Pauahi's will, began the process of establishing the Kamehameha Schools which was founded in 1887. Charles Bishop would serve as president of the Board of trustees for the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate, a perpetual trust with Kamehameha Schools the sole beneficiary, and gave back to the estate all lands deeded to him during his life and helped fund the first structures of the school out of his own money. In 1889, the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum was founded and endowed by Charles Bishop as a repository for the priceless Hawaiian artifacts from Pauahi's family.{{cite book|author=Robert T. Grimm|title=Notable American Philanthropists: Biographies of Giving and Volunteering|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIdSBOiSazsC&pg=PA37|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-57356-340-6|pages=37–}} Princess Ruth Ke'elikōlani was the daughter of Pauahi and Mataio Kekūanaōʻa, and a governess of the Big Island of Hawai'i.{{Cite web|url=http://www.keouanui.org/KamehamehaChart.html|title=KamehamehaChart|website=www.keouanui.org|access-date=2017-07-31|archive-date=2009-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809162522/http://www.keouanui.org/KamehamehaChart.html|url-status=dead}}

{{Reflist|group=nb}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book|first= William De Witt|last= Alexander|title=A Brief History of the Hawaiian People|url=https://archive.org/details/abriefhistoryha00alexgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/abriefhistoryha00alexgoog/page/n396 324]|year=1891|publisher=American Book Company|asin= B008X9THFE}}
• {{cite book|title=I-H3, Halawa Interchange to Halekou Interchange, Honolulu: Environmental Impact Statement|author= Federal Highway Administration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GqE1AQAAMAAJ|year=1973}}
• {{cite book|first=Sheldon |last=Dibble|title=History of the Sandwich Islands|url=https://archive.org/details/historysandwich00dibbgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/historysandwich00dibbgoog/page/n67 54]|year=1843|publisher=Press of the Mission Seminary|isbn=978-1230437361}}
• {{cite book|first= Abraham|last= Fornander|title=An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I.|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tcQNAAAAQAAJ|year=1880|publisher=Trubner & Company|isbn=978-1330057216}}
• {{cite book|author=Hawaiian Historical Society|title=Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onLxAAAAMAAJ|year=1936|publisher=The Society}}
• {{cite book|first1=Margaret|last1= Homans|first2=Adrienne|last2= Munich|title=Remaking Queen Victoria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yC4n0FfjVB0C&pg=PA147|date=2 October 1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-57485-3}}
• {{cite book|first=Samuel Manaiakalani|last=Kamakau|title=Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B2NQPgAACAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Kamehameha Schools Press|isbn=978-0-87336-014-2}}
• {{cite book|first1= Susan|last1= Morrison|first2= Karen|last2= Kiefer|title=Kamehameha: The Warrior King of Hawai'i|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nfj9CLAmf4MC&pg=PA11|year=2003|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2700-7}}
• {{cite book|first1=George H.|last1=Kanahele|first2=George S.|last2=Kanahele|title=Pauahi: The Kamehameha Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IaLOAAAACAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Kamehameha Schools Press|isbn=978-0-87336-005-0}}
• {{cite book|first1=Patrick Vinton|last1= Kirch|first2=Marshall |last2=Sahlins|title=Anahulu: The Anthropology of History in the Kingdom of Hawaii, Volume 1: Historical Ethnography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi6CuWN3TNEC&pg=PA180|date=July 1994|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-73365-4}}
• {{cite book|first=Julia Flynn|last= Siler|title=Lost Kingdom: Hawaii's Last Queen, the Sugar Kings and America's First Imperial Adventure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbBvWQ8LGKEC&pg=PA220|year=2012|publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press|isbn=978-0-8021-2001-4}}
• {{cite book|first=Albert Pierce|last= Taylor|title=Under Hawaiian Skies|url=https://archive.org/details/underhawaiiansk00taylgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/underhawaiiansk00taylgoog/page/n101 79]|year=1922|publisher=Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing|asin= B000GNVTZG}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamehameha, House of}}

Category:House of Līloa

Category:Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom