Hydrogen technologies

{{Short description|Technologies that relating to the production & use of hydrogen}}

{{See also|Timeline of hydrogen technologies}}

Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen as a part hydrogen economy. Hydrogen technologies are applicable for many uses.

Some hydrogen technologies are carbon neutral and could have a role in preventing climate change and a possible future hydrogen economy. Hydrogen is a chemical widely used in various applications including ammonia production, oil refining and energy.{{cite journal|last1=Badwal|first1=Sukhvinder P.S.|last2=Giddey|first2=Sarbjit|last3=Munnings|first3=Christopher|title=Hydrogen production via solid electrolytic routes|journal=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment|volume=2|issue=5|pages=473–487|doi=10.1002/wene.50|year=2013|bibcode=2013WIREE...2..473B |s2cid=135539661 }} The most common methods for producing hydrogen on an industrial scale are: Steam reforming, oil reforming, coal gasification, water electrolysis.{{Cite journal|last1=Dincer|first1=Ibrahim|last2=Acar|first2=Canan|date=2015|title=Review and evaluation of hydrogen production methods for better sustainability|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319914034119|journal=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy|language=en|volume=40|issue=34|pages=11096|doi=10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.035|issn=0360-3199}}

Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring as a fuel. It is, however, widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electricity can convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis and can be converted back to electrical power using a fuel cell or hydrogen turbine.{{cite web | url=https://solutions.mhi.com/power/decarbonization-technology/hydrogen-gas-turbine/ | title=Hydrogen Gas Turbine|Solutions|Power|Energy Transition MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES GROUP }} There are a wide number of different types of fuel and electrolysis cells.{{cite journal|last1=Badwal|first1=SPS|title=Emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies|journal=Frontiers in Chemistry|date=2014|volume=2|doi=10.3389/fchem.2014.00079|pmid=25309898|pmc=4174133|page=79|bibcode=2014FrCh....2...79B|doi-access=free}}

The potential environmental impact depends primarily on the methods used to generate hydrogen as a fuel.

Fuel cells

Hydrogen infrastructure

=Hydrogen storage=

Hydrogen vehicles

{{Main|Hydrogen vehicles}}

{{Further|List of fuel cell vehicles}}

=Historic hydrogen filled airships=

=Hydrogen powered cars=

Image:Hydrogen fueling nozzle2.jpg

Audi:

BMW:

Chrysler:

Daimler:

Fiat:

Ford:

  • 2000 – Ford Focus FCV-Fuel cell. Note however that Ford Motor Company has dropped its plans to develop hydrogen cars, stating that "The next major step in Ford’s plan is to increase over time the volume of electrified vehicles".[https://www.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/Ford_Motor_Company_Business_Plan122008.pdf "Ford Motor Company Business Plan"], December 2, 2008
  • 2006 – F-250 Super Chief a Tri-Flex engine concept pickup.

Forze Hydrogen-Electric Racing Team Delft

General Motors:

Honda:

Hyundai:

Lotus Engineering:

  • 2010 – Black Cab-Fuel cell[https://www.netinform.net/H2/H2Mobility/Default.aspx?ID=477&CATID=0 netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells]

Kia:

  • 2009 – Kia Borrego FCEV-Fuel cell[https://green.autoblog.com/2009/06/09/first-drive-hydrogen-powered-kia-borrego-fcev-and-nissal-x-trai/ First Drive: hydrogen-powered Kia Borrego FCEV and Nissan X-Trail FCV]

Mazda:

Mitsubishi:

Morgan:

Nissan:

  • 2002 – Nissan X-Trail FCHV-hybrid vehicle. Note, however that in 2009, Nissan announced that it is cancelling its hydrogen car R&D efforts.Dennis, Lyle. [https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1019079_nissan-swears-off-hydrogen-and-will-only-build-electric-cars "Nissan Swears Off Hydrogen and Will Only Build Electric Cars"], All Cars Electric, February 26, 2009

Peugeot:

Renault:

Riversimple:

Ronn Motor Company:

Toyota:

Volkswagen:

=Hydrogen-powered planes=

  • Hyfish
  • Smartfish
  • Tupolev Tu-155-hydrogen-powered version of Tu-154[http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=82 Hydrogen Powered Tupolev Tu-155] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126222743/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=82 |date=2010-11-26 }} Development of Cryogenic Fuel Aircraft, Tupelov
  • Antares DLR-H2 -The first aircraft capable of performing a complete flight on fuel-cell power only

Possible future aircraft using precooled jet engines include Reaction Engines Skylon and the Reaction Engines A2.

=Hydrogen powered rockets=

The following rockets were/are partially or completely propelled by hydrogen fuel:

Related technologies

=Environmental=

=Nuclear=

=Organic chemistry=

Miscellaneous

See also

{{Commons|Hydrogen technologies}}

{{Portal|Energy|Renewable energy}}

{{Clear}}

References