Indochinese tiger

Panthera tigris corbetti was proposed as a scientific name for this specific population by Vratislav Mazák in 1968 based on skin colouration, marking pattern, and skull dimensions. It was named in honor of Jim Corbett.

In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and now recognizes the tiger populations of mainland South and Southeast Asia as belonging to the nominate subspecies P. tigris tigris.{{cite journal |author1=Kitchener, A. C. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Eizirik, E. |author4=Gentry, A. |author5=Werdelin, L. |author6=Wilting, A. |author7=Yamaguchi, N. |author8=Abramov, A. V. |author9=Christiansen, P. |author10=Driscoll, C. |author11=Duckworth, J. W. |author12=Johnson, W. |author13=Luo, S.-J. |author14=Meijaard, E. |author15=O’Donoghue, P. |author16=Sanderson, J. |author17=Seymour, K. |author18=Bruford, M. |author19=Groves, C. |author20=Hoffmann, M. |author21=Nowell, K. |author22=Timmons, Z. |author23=Tobe, S. |year=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 11 |pages=66–68 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}} Results of a genetic study published in 2018 supported six monophyletic clades based on whole genome sequencing analysis of 32 tiger specimens. The specimens from Malaysia and Indochina appeared to be distinct from other mainland Asian populations, thus supporting the concept of six living subspecies.{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y.-C. |first2=X. |last2=Sun |first3=C. |last3=Driscoll |first4=D. G. |last4=Miquelle |first5=X. |last5=Xu |first6=P. |last6=Martelli |first7=O. |last7=Uphyrkina |first8=J. L. D. |last8=Smith |first9=S. J. |last9=O’Brien |first10=S.-J. |last10=Luo |title=Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=23 |year=2018 |pages=3840–3849 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019 |pmid=30482605 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2018CBio...28E3840L }}

File:Panthera tigris corbetti 090901.jpg

The Indochinese tiger’s ground colouration is darker, with more rather short and narrow single stripes; its skull is smaller than that of the Bengal tiger.{{cite journal |last1=Mazák |first1=V. |year=1968 |title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est |journal=Mammalia |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=104−112 |doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104|s2cid=84054536 }}{{cite journal |author=Mazák, V. |author2=Groves, C. P. |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (Panthera tigris) of Southeast Asia |journal=Mammalian Biology |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=268–287 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M }} Eleven Indochinese tiger skins in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, have 21–31 stripes.{{cite book |last=Kitchener |first=A. |date=1999 |chapter=Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbQ8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA19 |editor1-last=Seidensticker |editor1-first=J. |editor2-last=Christie |editor2-first=S. |editor3-last=Jackson |editor3-first=P. |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=19–39 |isbn=978-0521648356}} In body size, it is smaller than the Bengal and Siberian tigers. Males range in size from {{cvt|255|to|285|cm}} and in weight, from {{cvt|150|to|195|kg}}. Females range in size from {{cvt|230|to|255|cm}} and in weight, from {{cvt|100|to|130|kg}}.{{cite journal |author=Mazák, V. |year=1981 |title=Panthera tigris |journal=Mammalian Species |issue=152 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.2307/3504004 |jstor=3504004 |doi-access=free}}

The Indochinese tiger is distributed in Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. Its historical range also included Cambodia, southern China and Vietnam.{{cite journal |author1=Walston, J. |author2=Robinson, J. G. |author3=Bennett, E. L. |author4=Breitenmoser, U. |author5=da Fonseca, G. A. B. |author6=Goodrich, J. |author7=Gumal, M. |author8=Hunter, L. |author9=Johnson, A. |author10=Karanth, K.U. |author11=Leader-Williams, N. |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |title=Bringing the Tiger Back from the Brink – The Six Percent Solution |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=8 |issue=9 |page=e1000485 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000485 |pmid=20856904 |pmc=2939024 |doi-access=free }} Results of a phylogeographic study, using 134 tiger samples across the global range, suggest that the historical northwestern distribution limit of the Indochinese tiger is the region in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and Brahmaputra River basin, bordering the range of the Bengal tiger.{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=S. J. |last2=Kim |first2=J. |last3=Johnson |first3=W. E. |last4=van der Walt |first4=J. |last5=Martenson |first5=J. |last6=Yuhki |first6=N. |last7=Miquelle |first7=D. G. |last8=Uphyrkina |first8=O. |last9=Goodrich |first9=J. M. |last10=Quigley |first10=H. B. |last11=Tilson |first11=R. |last12=Brady |first12=G. |last13=Martelli |first13=P. |last14=Subramaniam |first14=V. |last15=McDougal |first15=C. |last16=Hean |first16=S. |last17=Huang |first17=S. |last18=Pan |first18=W. |last19=Karanth |first19=U. |last20=Sunquist |first20=M. |last21=Smith |first21=J. L. D. |last22=O'Brien |first22=S. J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2004 |title=Phylogeography and Genetic Ancestry of Tigers (Panthera tigris) |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=e442 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442 |pmid=15583716 |pmc=534810 |doi-access=free }}

In Myanmar, surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2002, confirming the presence of tigers in the Hukawng Valley, Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary and in two small areas in the Tanintharyi Region. The Tenasserim Hills is an important area, but forests are harvested there.{{cite journal |author1=Lynam, A. J. |author2=Saw Tun Khaing |author3=Khin Maung Zaw |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=Developing a national tiger action plan for the Union of Myanmar |journal=Environmental Management |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=30–39 |doi=10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9 |pmid=16362487 |bibcode=2006EnMan..37...30L |s2cid=20467948}} In 2015, tigers were recorded by camera traps for the first time in the hill forests of Kayin State.{{cite journal |author1=Saw Sha Bwe Moo |author2=Froese, G. Z. L. |author3=Gray, T. N. E. |name-list-style=amp |year=2017 |title=First structured camera-trap surveys in Karen State, Myanmar, reveal high diversity of globally threatened mammals |journal=Oryx |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=537–543 |doi=10.1017/S0030605316001113 |doi-access=free}} Camera trap surveys between 2016 and 2018 revealed about 22 adult individuals in three sites that represent 8% of the potential tiger habitat in the country.{{cite web |url=https://www.wwf.org.mm/?350932/Announcement-of-Minimum-Tiger-number-in-Myanmar |title=PR: Announcement of Minimum Tiger number in Myanmar |website=WWF |date=2019 |access-date=12 May 2022}}

More than half of the total Indochinese tiger population survives in the Western Forest Complex in Thailand, especially in the area of the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary. This habitat consists of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests.{{cite journal |author1=Simcharoen, S. |author2=Pattanavibool, A. |author3=Karanth, K. U. |author4=Nichols, J. D. |author5=Kumar, N. S. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling |journal=Oryx |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=447–453 |doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|doi-access=free}} Camera trap surveys from 2008 to 2017 in eastern Thailand detected about 17 adult tigers in an area of {{cvt|4445|km2}} in Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex. Several individuals had cubs. The population density in Thap Lan National Park, Pang Sida National Park and Dong Yai Wildlife Sanctuary was estimated at 0.32–1.21 individuals per {{cvt|100|km2}}.{{cite journal |author1=Ash, E. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Hallam, C. |author3=Chanteap, P. |author4=Kaszta, Ż. |author5=Macdonald, D.W. |author6=Rojanachinda, W. |author7=Redford, T. |author8=Harihar, A. |year=2020 |title=Estimating the density of a globally important tiger (Panthera tigris) population: Using simulations to evaluate survey design in Eastern Thailand |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=241 |pages=108349 |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108349 |doi-access=|bibcode=2020BCons.24108349A }}{{cite journal |author1=Ash, E. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Kaszta, Ż. |author3=Noochdumrong, A. |author4=Redford, T. |author5=Chanteap, P. |author6=Hallam, C. |author7=Jaroensuk, B. |author8=Raksat, S. |author9=Srinoppawan, K. |author10=Macdonald, D.W. |year=2020 |title=Opportunity for Thailand's forgotten tigers: assessment of the Indochinese Tiger Panthera tigris corbetti and its prey with camera-trap surveys |journal=Oryx |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=204–211 |doi=10.1017/S0030605319000589 |doi-access=free}} Three subadult tigers were photographed in spring 2020 in a remote region of Thailand that are thought to be dispersing.{{Cite news |last=Regan, H. |title=Endangered tigers captured on camera in Thailand bolster hope for species' survival |date=2020 |newspaper=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/28/asia/thailand-tigers-endangered-intl-hnk/index.html}}

In Laos, 14 tigers were documented in Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area during surveys from 2013 to 2017, covering four blocks of about {{cvt|200|km2}} semi-evergreen and evergreen forest that are interspersed with some patches of grassland.{{cite journal |author1=Rasphone, A. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Kéry, M. |author3=Kamler, J.F. |author4=Macdonald, D.W. |year=2019 |title=Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et-Phou Louey |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=20 |pages=e00766 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2019GEcoC..2000766R }} More recent surveys have failed to detect any tigers, and the likelihood is that they have been extirpated as a result of poaching, fueled by demand from China.{{cite journal |author1=Lofthouse, R. |name-list-style=amp |year=2019 |title=In Search of the Clouded Leopard |url=https://www.alumni.ox.ac.uk/quad/article/search-clouded-leopard }}

In eastern Cambodia, tigers were last recorded in Mondulkiri Protected Forest and Virachey National Park during surveys between 1999 and 2007.{{cite journal |author1=Gray, T.N.E. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Ou, R. |author3=Huy, K. |author4=Pin, C. |author5=Maxwell, A.L. |year=2012 |title=The status of large mammals in eastern Cambodia: a review of camera trapping data 1999–2007 |journal=Cambodian Journal of Natural History |volume=1 |issue= |pages=42–55}}{{cite journal |author1=Debonne, N. |author2=van Vliet, J. |name-list-style=amp |author3=Verburg, P. |year=2019 |title=Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes |journal=Environmental Science & Policy |volume=94 |pages=9–19 |doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031|s2cid=159121235 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2019ESPol..94....9D |hdl=1871.1/1dced676-560b-46fb-a7c5-e0c888c5cff1 |hdl-access=free }} In 2016, the Cambodian government declared that the tiger was "functionally extinct".{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Esha |title=50 years of Project Tiger: India considers translocating a few big cats to Cambodia |newspaper=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/50-years-of-project-tiger-india-considers-translocating-a-few-big-cats-to-cambodia-8517687/ |date=2023-03-26 |access-date=2023-05-09}}{{cite news |author=Explained Desk |title=Why some tigers from India may be sent to Cambodia |newspaper=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-climate/why-cambodia-wants-tigers-from-india-8519092/ |date=2023-03-27 |access-date=2023-05-09}} In April 2023, India signed a memorandum of understanding with Cambodia to assist the country with the tiger's reintroduction. At least {{cvt|90|acre|ha}} of the Cardamom Mountains of Tatai Wildlife Sanctuary could be used to host Bengal tigers.{{cite news |last=Patil |first=A. |title=India and Cambodia Sign Pact For Tiger Translocation As Project Tiger Completes 50 Years |newspaper=India Times |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/explainers/news/india-and-cambodia-sign-pact-for-tiger-translocation-as-project-tiger-completes-50-years-597174.html |date=2023 |access-date=2023-05-09}}

From the 1960s and earlier, the Indochinese tiger occurred throughout the mountains in Vietnam, even in the midlands and Islands. In the report of the Government of Vietnam at the Tiger Forum in 2004, there would be tigers in only 17 provinces and they were living in fragmented and severely degraded forest areas.{{cite news |last=Thanh |first =V. |date=2012 |title=Tiger species in Vietnam |url= https://vast.gov.vn/web/vietnam-academy-of-science-and-technology/tin-chi-tiet/-/chi-tiet/tiger-species-in-vietnam-8872-871.html |work=Vietnam Academy of Science and technology |location= Vietnam |access-date= 7 April 2022}} Tigers were still present in 14 protected areas in the 1990s, but none have been recorded in the country since 1997.{{cite book |author=Nowell, K. |author2=Jackson, P. |name-list-style=amp |year=1996 |title=Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location=Gland, Switzerland |pages=55–65 |chapter=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) |chapter-url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=89}}{{cite journal |author=Lynam, A.J. |year=2010 |title=Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers: transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites |journal=Integrative Zoology |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=324–334 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00220.x |pmid=21392350}}

The population in Laos and Vietnam has declined significantly. According to the global tiger census of 2016, only two tigers were left in Laos and less than five in Vietnam.{{cite web |url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?274790/WWF%2Dcelebrates%2Dtiger%2Dnumbers%2Don%2Dthe%2Drise%2Dfor%2DGlobal%2DTiger%2DDay%2D2016 | title=WWF celebrates tiger numbers on the rise for Global Tiger Day 2016 | publisher=WWF |date=2016}} There is news of its extinction in both countries. In Laos, no tiger has been seen since 2013, when its populations were estimated at only two, and these two individuals vanished shortly after 2013 from Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area, denoting they were most likely killed either by snare or gun.{{cite journal |author1=Rasphone, A. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Kéry, M. |author3=Kamler, J.F. |author4=Macdonald, D.W. |year=2019 |title=Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam et – Phou louey |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=20 |pages=e00766 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2019GEcoC..2000766R }} In Vietnam, a 2014 IUCN Red List report indicated that tigers were possibly extinct in Vietnam.{{cite iucn |title=Panthera tigris |author=Goodrich, J. |author2=Lynam, A. |author3=Miquelle, D. |author4=Wibisono, H. |author5=Kawanishi, K. |author6=Pattanavibool, A. |author7=Htun, S. |author8=Tempa, T. |author9=Karki, J. |author10=Jhala, Y. |author11=Karanth, U. |name-list-style=amp |date=2015 |page=e.T15955A50659951 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15955A50659951.en |access-date=17 May 2022}}

In China, it occurred historically in Yunnan province and Mêdog County, where it probably does not survive today.{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=A. |last2=Xie |first2=Y. |last3=Tang |first3=J. |last4=Sanderson |first4=E. W. |last5=Ginsburg |first5=J. R. |last6=Zhang |first6=E. |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |title=Historic distribution and the recent loss of tigers in China |journal=Integrative Zoology |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=335–341 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00221.x |pmid=21392351 |doi-access=free}} Thus, probably the Indochinese tiger now only survives in Thailand and Myanmar.{{cite news |last=Hance |first =J. |date=2019 |title=How Laos lost its tigers |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/10/how-laos-lost-its-tigers/amp/ |work=Mongabay |location= |access-date=12 May 2022}} In Yunnan's Shangyong Nature Reserve, three individuals were detected during surveys carried out from 2004 to 2009.{{cite journal |author1=Feng, L. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Wang, L. |author3=Wang, B. |author4=Smith, J.L. |author5=Zhang, L. |year=2013 |title=Population status of the Indochinese tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti) and density of the three primary ungulate prey species in Shangyong Nature Reserve, Xishuangbanna, China |journal=Acta Theriologica Sinica |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=308–318}}

In Thailand's Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, seven female and four male tigers were equipped with GPS radio collars between June 2005 and August 2011. Females had a mean home range of {{cvt|70.2|±|33.2|km2}} and males of {{cvt|267.6|±|92.4|km2}}.{{cite journal |author1=Simcharoen, A. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Savini, T. |author3=Gale, G. A. |author4=Simcharoen, S. |author5=Duangchantrasiri, S. |author6=Pakpien, S. |author7=Smith, J. L. D. |year=2014 |title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size and prey abundance: important metrics for management |journal=Oryx |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=370–377 |doi=10.1017/S0030605312001408 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271745908 |doi-access=free}}

Between 2013 and 2015, 11 prey species were identified at 150 kill sites. They ranged in weight from {{cvt|3|to|287|kg}}. Sambar deer, banteng, gaur, and wild boar were most frequently killed, but also remains of Asian elephant calves, hog badger, Old World porcupine, muntjac, serow, pangolin, and langur species were identified.{{cite journal |author1=Pakpien, S. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Simcharoen, A. |author3=Duangchantrasiri, S. |author4=Chimchome, V. |author5=Pongpattannurak, N. |author6=Smith, J. L. D. |year=2017 |title=Ecological Covariates at Kill Sites Influence Tiger (Panthera tigris) Hunting Success in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand |journal=Tropical Conservation Science |volume=10 |pages=1940082917719000 |doi=10.1177/1940082917719000 |doi-access=free}}

The primary threat to the tiger is poaching for the illegal wildlife trade. Tiger bone has been an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 1,500 years and is either added to medicinal wine, used in the form of powder, or boiled to a glue-like consistency. More than 40 different formulae containing tiger bone were produced by at least 226 Chinese companies in 1993.{{cite conference |author=Li, C. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Zhang, D. |year=1997 |title=The Research on Substitutes for Tiger Bone |conference=First International Symposium on Endangered Species Used in Traditional East Asian Medicine: Substitutes for Tiger Bone and Musk |location=Hong Kong |publisher=TRAFFIC East Asia and the Chinese Medicinal Material Research Centre}} Tiger bone glue is a popular medicine among urban Vietnamese consumers.{{cite journal |author1=Davis, E. O. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Willemsen, M. |author3=Dang, V. |author4=O’Connor, D. |author5=Glikman, J. A. |year=2020 |title=An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=22 |pages=e00960 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020GEcoC..2200960D }}

Between 1970 and 1993, South Korea imported {{cvt|607|kg}} of tiger bones from Thailand and {{cvt|2415|kg}} from China between 1991 and 1993.{{cite book |author1=Mills, J. A. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Jackson, P. |year=1994 |title=Killed for a Cure: A Review of the Worldwide Trade in Tiger Bone |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=TRAFFIC International |url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/9563/killed-for-a-cure.pdf}} Between 2001 and 2010, wildlife markets were surveyed in Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos. During 13 surveys, 157 body parts of tigers were found, representing at least 91 individuals. Whole skins were the most commonly traded parts. Bones, paws, and penises were offered as aphrodisiacs in places with a large sex industry. Tiger bone wine was offered foremost in shops catering to Chinese customers. Traditional medicine accounted for a large portion of products sold and exported to China, Laos, and Vietnam.{{cite book |author=Oswell, A. H. |year=2010 |title=The Big Cat Trade in Myanmar and Thailand |location=Selangor, Malaysia |publisher=TRAFFIC Southeast Asia |url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/2735/big_cat_trade_in_myanmar_report.pdf}}

Between 2000 and 2011, 641 tigers, both live and dead, were seized in 196 incidents in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and China; 275 tigers were suspected to have leaked into trade from captive facilities. China was the most common destination of the seized tigers.{{cite book |author1=Stoner, S. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Krishnasamy, K. |author3=Wittmann, T. |author4=Delean, S. |author5=Cassey, P. |year=2016 |title=Reduced to skin and bones re-examined |location=Selangor, Malaysia |publisher=TRAFFIC Southeast Asia |url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/2350/reduced-to-skin-and-bones-re-examined-full-analysis.pdf}}

In Myanmar's Hukaung Valley, the Yuzana Corporation, alongside local authorities, has expropriated more than {{cvt|200,000|acre}} of land from more than 600 households since 2006. Much of the trees have been logged, and the land has been transformed into plantations. Some of the land taken by the Yazana Corporation had been deemed tiger transit corridors. These are areas of land that were supposed to be left untouched by development in order to allow the region's Indochinese tigers to travel between protected pockets of reservation land.{{cite news |date=2012 |last=Martov|first=S. |title=World's Largest Tiger Reserve 'Bereft of Cats' |publisher=The Irrawaddy |access-date=16 October 2013 |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/burma/worlds-largest-tiger-reserve-bereft-of-cats.html}}

File:Tiger 032.jpg]]

Since 1993, the Indochinese tiger has been listed on CITES Appendix I, making international trade illegal. China, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, and Taiwan banned trade in tigers and sale of medicinal derivatives. Manufacture of tiger-based medicine was banned in China, and the open sale of tiger-based medicine reduced significantly since 1995.{{cite book |author1=Hemley, G. |author2=Mills, G. A. |name-list-style=amp |date=1999 |chapter=The beginning of the end of tigers in trade? |editor1=Seidensticker, J. |editor2=Christie, S. |editor3=Jackson, P. |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |pages=217–229 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbQ8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA217}}

Patrolling in Thailand's Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary has been intensified since 2006 so that poaching appears to have been reduced, resulting in a marginal improvement of tiger survival and recruitment.{{cite journal |author1=Duangchantrasiri, S. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Umponjan, M. |author3=Simcharoen, S. |author4=Pattanavibool, A. |author5=Chaiwattana, S. |author6=Maneerat, S. |author7=Kumar, N. S. |author8=Jathanna, D. |author9=Srivathsa, A. |author10=Karanth, K.U. |year=2016 |title=Dynamics of a low-density tiger population in Southeast Asia in the context of improved law enforcement |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=639–648 |doi=10.1111/cobi.12655 |pmid=27153529 |bibcode=2016ConBi..30..639D |s2cid=3815904 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284226941}} By autumn 2016, at least two individuals had dispersed to adjacent Mae Wong National Park; six cubs were observed in Mae Wong and the contiguous Khlong Lan National Park in 2016, indicating that the population was breeding and recovering.{{cite journal |author1=Phumanee, W. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Steinmetz, R. |author3=Phoonjampa, R. |author4=Weingdow, S. |author5=Phokamanee, S. |author6=Bhumpakphan, N. |author7=Savini, T. |year=2021 |title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand |journal=Conservation Science and Practice |volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=e560 |doi=10.1111/csp2.560 |bibcode=2021ConSP...3E.560P |s2cid=239605606 |url=}}

In Thailand{{cite book|url=https://www.pangolinsg.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2018/06/Nabhitabhata_Chan_ard_2005_Thailand-Red-Data-Book_Mammals-et-al..pdf |last1=Nabhitabhata |first1=J. |first2=T. |last2=Chan-ard |year=200 |title=Thailand Red Data : Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians |publisher=Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning |location=Bangkok, Thailand |pages=234 |isbn=9749929853}} and Laos,{{cite book|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2000-050.pdf |editor-last1=Duckworth |editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last2=Salter |editor-first2=R. E. |editor-last3=Khounboline |editor-first3=K. |year=1999 |title=Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report |location=Vientiane |publisher=IUCN-The World Conservation Union / Wild life Conservation Society / Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management |isbn=2-8317-0483-9}} this tiger is considered Endangered, while it is considered Critically Endangered in Vietnam{{cite web|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/6210/protected-wildlife-species-viet-nam.pdf|title=Wildlife Species Protected by Law in Vietnam|website=www.traffic.org}} and Myanmar.{{cite web|url=https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/content/documents/2019/mm_rl_workshop_jan19_report.pdf|title=Myanmar National Red List|website=iucn.org}}

The Indochinese tiger is the least represented in captivity and is not part of a coordinated breeding program. As of 2007, 14 individuals were recognized as Indochinese tigers based on genetic analysis of 105 captive tigers in 14 countries.{{cite journal |author1=Luo, S. J. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Johnson, W. E. |author3=Martenson, J. |author4=Antunes, A. |author5=Martelli, P. |author6=Uphyrkina, O. |author7=Traylor-Holzer, K. |author8=Smith, J. L. D. |author9=O'Brien, S. J. |year=2008 |title=Subspecies genetic assignments of worldwide captive tigers increase conservation value of captive populations |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=592–596 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|pmid=18424146 |s2cid=16594083 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L }}

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

• Tiger populations
• Mainland Asian populations
• Bengal tiger
• Caspian tiger
• Malayan tiger
• Siberian tiger
• South China tiger
• Sunda island populations
• Bali tiger
• Bornean tiger
• Javan tiger
• Sumatran tiger

{{Div col end}}

• {{Hlist|Prehistoric tigers: Panthera tigris soloensis | Panthera tigris trinilensis | Panthera tigris acutidens}}
• Holocene extinction

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons category|Panthera tigris corbetti|Indochinese tiger}}

• {{cite web |title=Tiger. Northern Indochinese tiger (P. t. corbetti) |website=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=565}}
• {{cite web |title=Information on Tigers in the Greater Mekong region |website=WWF |url=http://www.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/greatermekong/our_solutions/tiger_lands/tigers_in_the_greater_mekong_region}}

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Category:Environment of Southeast Asia

Category:Mammals of China

Category:Mammals of Myanmar

Category:Mammals of Laos

Category:Mammals of Thailand

Indochinese tiger

Category:National symbols of Thailand