Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline

{{Infobox pipeline

| name = Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline

| type = oil

| map =

| map_caption = Location of Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline

| country = Germany, Czech Republic

| coordinates =

| photo =

| caption =

| operator = MERO Pipeline GmbH

| partners =

| length_km = 347

| discharge = 10 million tonnes per year

| direction = west–east

| start = Vohburg, the Transalpine Pipeline

| finish = Nelahozeves

| est = 1996

| through =

| par =

}}

The Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline ({{langx|cs|Ropovod Ingolstadt – Kralupy nad Vltavou – Litvínov}}) also known as IKL pipeline and MERO pipeline, is a crude oil pipeline in Central Europe. It facilitates the transport of crude oil from Germany to the Czech oil refineries of Kralupy and Litvínov. The name of the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline is misleading, as the pipeline does not start in Ingolstadt and does not run to Kralupy and Litvínov.

History

Negotiations to construct the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline started in October 1990 and were concluded in 1992. Originally, the pipeline was planned to run from Ingolstadt to Litvínov, but the route was changed to run from Vohburg to Nelahozeves. However, the original name of the pipeline was kept.

{{cite web

| url= http://www.mero.cz/en/provoz/ropovod-ikl/

| title= The IKL Crude Oil Pipeline

| publisher= MERO ČR

| accessdate=2009-01-11}}

Construction of the pipeline started on 1 September 1994 and was completed in December 2005. It was inaugurated on 13 March 1996. It is the main pipeline in the Czech Republic allowing oil supplies other than those of Russian origin. In 2003, the pipeline was modernized by improving remote control systems and increasing capacity.

{{cite book

| title = Energy Policies of IEA Countries – Czech Republic

| publisher = OECD/IEA

| year = 2005

| url = http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2005/CzechRep.pdf

| page = 91

| format = PDF

| isbn=92-64-10929-3

| accessdate = 2008-08-09}}

Route

The {{convert|347|km|adj=on|sp=us}} pipeline starts from Vohburg in Germany, where it is connected with the Transalpine Pipeline, and ends at the oil depot in Nelahozeves near Prague in the Czech Republic. The German section of the pipeline is {{convert|178|km|sp=us}} and the Czech section is {{convert|169|km|sp=us}} long.{{cite web

| url= http://www.petroleum.cz/doprava/ropovod-ikl.aspx

| title= Ropovod IKL (IKL Pipeline)

| publisher= Petroleum.cz

| accessdate= 2008-08-09

| language= Czech

| archive-date= 2020-01-13

| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200113093726/http://www.petroleum.cz/doprava/ropovod-ikl.aspx

| url-status= dead

}}

Technical description

The pipeline has a diameter of {{convert|714|mm|in|sp=us}}, and the pressure varies from {{convert|65|bar|sp=us}} in Vohburg to {{convert|20|bar|sp=us}} in Nelahozeves. The capacity of the pipeline is around ten million tonnes per year, of which normally 30% is in use. The additional capacity is reserved for securing oil supplies in case of disruption of Russian supplies through the Druzhba pipeline, as happened in July 2008.

{{cite news

| url= http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/11/europe/czech.php

| title= Russian oil to Czechs slows after U.S. pact

| author= Andrew E. Kramer

| publisher= International Herald Tribune

| date=2008-07-11

| accessdate=2008-08-09}}

The control center, which controls the whole pipeline, is located in Vohburg. The backup control center is located in Nelahozeves.

The tank farm in Vohburg consists of four tanks, with a total capacity of {{convert|200000|m3|sp=us}}. The tank farm in Nelahozeves, serving the IKL and Druzhba pipelines, consists of sixteen tanks with a total capacity of {{convert|1550000|m3|sp=us}}.{{cite web

| url= http://www.mero.cz/en/provoz/ctr-nelahozeves/

| title= The Central Crude Oil Tank Farm Nelahozeves

| publisher= MERO ČR

| accessdate= 2015-11-15

| archive-date= 2016-03-03

| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210145/http://www.mero.cz/en/provoz/ctr-nelahozeves/

| url-status= dead

}}