Islam in Sweden#Islamism

File:Nasir mosque, Gothenburg.jpg in the 1970s by the Ahmadiyya Movement.]]

File:Göteborgs moské.JPG]]

Pre-Islamic Arabic coins originating from the Middle East have been found at Iron Age burial sites.{{cite news|title=Swedes find Viking-era Arab coins|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7330540.stm|work=BBC News|date=4 April 2008|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523224923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7330540.stm|archive-date=23 May 2009|url-status=live}} Archaeological findings have also shown Viking contact with Islam dating back to the 7th–10th centuries, when the Vikings seem to have been trading with the medieval Islamic world, among others.

The Swedish census in 1930 listed 15 people as belonging to the group "Muslims and other Asian faiths". Although the number of Muslims themselves are not known, one estimate suggests a maximum of 11 but could have been as low as 2.{{Cite web |url=https://aktuelltfokus.se/hur-manga-muslimer-finns-det-i-sverige/ |title=Hur många muslimer finns det i Sverige? – Aktuellt Fokus |work=Aktuellt Fokus |date=4 April 2017 |access-date=2018-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119060643/https://aktuelltfokus.se/hur-manga-muslimer-finns-det-i-sverige/ |archive-date=2018-01-19 |url-status=live }}

In modern Sweden, the first registered Muslim groups were Finnish Tatars who emigrated from Finland and Estonia in the 1940s. Islam began to have a noticeable presence in Sweden with immigration from the Middle East and Turkey beginning in the 1970s.{{Cite book|last=Alwall|first=Jonas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCAQAQAAIAAJ&q=history+of+Islam+in+sweden+1970|title=Muslim Rights and Plights: The Religious Liberty Situation of a Minority in Sweden|date=1998|publisher=Lund University Press|isbn=978-91-7966-514-2|language=en}} Further waves of immigrants came to Sweden from the former Yugoslav republics, and more recently from Somalia and Syria.

Sweden has a number of mosques providing the Muslim communities in Sweden places of worship.David Westerlund, Ingvar Svanberg, Islam outside the Arab world, Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-312-22691-6}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=weYQMv2RqCgC&pg=PA392 p. 392] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511054621/https://books.google.com/books?id=weYQMv2RqCgC&pg=PA392 |date=2016-05-11 }} The first mosque in Sweden was the {{interlanguage link|Nasir Mosque (Sweden)|lt=Nasir Mosque|sq|Xhamia Nasir|sv|Nasirmoskén}}, built in 1976 in Gothenburg by the Ahmadiyya. It was followed by the Malmö Mosque, 1984, and later, the Uppsala Mosque in 1995. More mosques were built during the 2000s, including the Stockholm Mosque (2000) and the Fittja Mosque (completed 2007), among others. The governments of Saudi Arabia and Libya have financially supported the constructions of some of the largest Mosques in Sweden.{{cite web|url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/kolumnister/oisincantwell/article12628835.ab|title=Moskén i Malmö ägs av Gaddafi|date=28 February 2011 |access-date=2012-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220105508/http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/kolumnister/oisincantwell/article12628835.ab|archive-date=2011-12-20|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.svt.se/2.151263/1.2314234/diktaturstaten_saudiarabien_betalar_goteborgs_nya_moske |title=Diktaturstaten Saudiarabien betalar Göteborgs nya moské - Uppdrag granskning | SVT.se |access-date=2012-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618195203/http://www.svt.se/2.151263/1.2314234/diktaturstaten_saudiarabien_betalar_goteborgs_nya_moske |archive-date=2012-06-18 |url-status=live }}

The first meeting between Muslim youth organizations across Europe first took place in Sweden in 1995, in which the Foreign Ministry of Sweden worked with Sveriges Unga Muslimer to hold an international conference titled "Islam in Europe." This led to the creation of the Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organizations (FEMYSO).{{Cite web|url=https://femyso.org/history/|title=FEMYSO – Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organisations » About us|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108054746/https://femyso.org/history/|archive-date=2019-11-08|url-status=live}}

As of the year 2000, an estimated 300,000 to 350,000 people of Muslim background lived in Sweden, or 3.5% of total population;Sander (2004), pp. 218–224 thereby included is anyone who fits the broad definition of someone who "belongs to a Muslim people by birth, has Muslim origin, has a name that belongs in the Muslim tradition, etc." regardless of personal religious convictions,Sander (1990), pp. 16–17 of whom about 100,000 were second-generation immigrants (born in Sweden or immigrated as children).Sander (2004), p. 224 In Sweden registration by personal belief is not common and is normally against the law, thus only figures of practising Muslims belonging to an Islamic community can be reported. In 2009, the Muslim Council of Sweden reported 106,327 registered members.

In December 2008, riots broke out in Malmö in the Herrgården section of Rosengård, when the landlord did not renew the contract for the premises of a local mosque. Angry youths occupied the premises for three weeks, at the end of which police coming to evict the occupiers were confronted by about 30 occupiers, including radical Muslims and activists affiliated with the radical leftist Antifaschistische Aktion.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/skane/malmo-polisforstarkning-till-rosengard|title=Malmö – Polisförstärkning till Rosengård|last=Nyheter|first=SVT|date=2008-12-19|work=SVT Nyheter|access-date=2018-08-16|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162138/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/skane/malmo-polisforstarkning-till-rosengard|archive-date=2018-08-16|url-status=live}} The occupiers attacked police with pipe bombs and rocks and the incident rapidly escalated, with protestors arriving from other cities and officials calling in riot police.{{cite news|last1=Rogowski|first1=Theo Hagman|title=Rosengård Riots: Eight Years Later|url=https://www.vice.com/en_se/article/looking-back-at-the-rosengard-riots-eight-years-ago-928|access-date=23 March 2017|publisher=Vice|date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324083613/https://www.vice.com/en_se/article/looking-back-at-the-rosengard-riots-eight-years-ago-928|archive-date=24 March 2017|url-status=dead}} Rioters set fire to cars, wagons, kiosks, building sheds, recycling stations, and bicycle sheds.http://www.smp.se/nyheter/sverige/article1046376.ece {{Dead link|date=February 2022}} After two nights of rioting, 200 adult Malmö residents organized by the Islamiska kulturföreningen (“Islamic Cultural Forum”) moved into the streets to mediate, causing the youthful rioters to desist.

In September 2018, the mosque in Alby, Botkyrka via its Green Party member Ali Khali delivered an offer to the Moderate Party where the 3000 votes of the worshippers would be given to the Moderate Party in exchange for planning permission to build a new mosque. The Green Party forced Khalil to leave the party after the finding was made public by Swedish Television.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/granskning/ug/mp-politiker-far-ga-efter-ug-uppgifter|title=MP-politiker och valinformatör får gå efter Uppdrag gransknings uppgifter|last=Nyheter|first=SVT|date=2018-09-07|work=SVT Nyheter|access-date=2018-09-13|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912061131/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/granskning/ug/mp-politiker-far-ga-efter-ug-uppgifter|archive-date=2018-09-12|url-status=live}}

In September 2018, the Social Democratic Party in Karlshamn revoked the membership of a Muslim politician after translations from Arabic showed that the politician had campaigned for the supremacy of Islam over Swedish customs, against vulnerable children being taken care of by social services and that women with Arabic heritage should wear the Islamic veil. The statements were verified with interpreters.{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=105&artikel=7037721|title=S-politiker struken – sa att islam går före svenska regler - P4 Blekinge|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=7 September 2018 |language=sv|access-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121657/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=105&artikel=7037721|archive-date=2018-12-15|url-status=live}}

In April and May 2019, five senior members of the Swedish Muslim community were detained by the Swedish Migration Agency by orders of the Säpo security police.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20190517/head-of-swedish-muslim-school-seized-by-security-police|title=Prominent Muslim head of free school seized by security police|date=2019-05-17|website=www.thelocal.se|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114032536/https://www.thelocal.se/20190517/head-of-swedish-muslim-school-seized-by-security-police|archive-date=2019-11-14|url-status=live}}

In December 2019, the municipality of Skurup banned Islamic veils in educational institutions. Earlier, the municipality of Staffanstorp approved a similar ban.{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=96&artikel=7369615|title=Skurup förbjuder slöja i skolan|last=Malmöhus|first=P4|work=Sveriges Radio|access-date=2019-12-19|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219023852/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=96&artikel=7369615|archive-date=2019-12-19|url-status=live}}

In 2018, preschools in Biskopsgården district were reprimanded by the Municipality of Gothenburg after Göteborgs-Posten newspaper had found out that 4 out of 5 kindergartens stated they were willing to force girls in their care to wear the Islamic hijab if the parents requested it.{{Cite news|url=http://www.gp.se/nyheter/gp-granskar/kommunen-tillr%C3%A4ttavisar-f%C3%B6rskolor-efter-gp-s-granskning-1.6431008|title=Kommunen tillrättavisar förskolor efter GP:s granskning|work=Göteborgs-Posten|access-date=2018-06-09|language=sv}} The newspaper found a willingness by preschools to force at 27 of the 40 investigated institutions in Malmö, Gothenburg and Stockholm.

File:Muslim percentage in Sweden, 1930–2016.svg

Although there are no official statistics of Muslims in Sweden, estimates vary at different points:

In 1978 there was around 22,000-37,000.{{Cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Jørgen S. |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsinwestern0000niel_d7f9 |title=Muslims in Western Europe |date=1995 |publisher=Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7486-0617-7 |page=81}} In 1989 this had risen to around an estimated 50,000 and 100,000 and in 1993 130,000.{{Cite journal |last1=Peach |first1=Ceri |last2=and Glebe |first2=Günther |date=1995-01-01 |title=Muslim minorities in Western Europe |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01419870.1995.9993852 |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=26–45 |doi=10.1080/01419870.1995.9993852 |issn=0141-9870|url-access=subscription }}

In 2000, there was around 300,000—350,000 people of Muslim background. (i.e. anyone who fits the broad definition of someone who "belongs to a Muslim people by birth, has Muslim origin, has a name that belongs in the Muslim tradition, etc."), roughly estimated close to 100,000 of which are second-generation. Of the first-generation Muslims, 255,000 are thought to be Sunni,{{Failed verification|date=November 2016}} 5,000 Shi'ites,{{Failed verification|date=November 2016}} no more than 1,000 Ahmadiya, Alevi and other groups and probably no more than 5,000 converts – mainly women married to Muslim men.Sander (2004), pp. 223–4 In 2009 a US report stated that there are 450,000 to 500,000 Muslims in Sweden, around 5% of the total population, and that the Muslim Council of Sweden reported 106,327 officially registered members."[https://web.archive.org/web/20091130031839/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127339.htm Sweden]", International Religious Freedom Report 2009 Swedish estimates are rather 350,000, including nominal Muslims and people from a Muslim background.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Such numbers do not imply religious beliefs or participation; {{ill|Åke Sander|sv}} claimed in 1992 that at most 40–50% of the people of Muslim background in Sweden "could reasonably be considered to be religious",Sander (2004), p. 217 and in 2004, based on discussions and interviews with Muslim leaders, concerning second-generation Muslims born and raised in Sweden that "it does not seem that the percentage they consider to be religious Muslims in a more qualified sense exceeds fifteen percent, or perhaps even less".Sander (2004), pp. 216–7 Sander re-stated in 2004 that "we do not think it unreasonable to put the figure of religious Muslims in Sweden at the time of writing at close to 150,000".Sander (2004), p. 218 Professor Mohammad Fazlhashemi at Umeå University estimates "a good 100,000".{{cite web|url=http://www.svt.se/nyheter/sverige/bedovning-anvands-vid-svensk-halal-slakt|title=Bedövning används vid svensk halal-slakt|first=SVT|last=Nyheter|date=14 February 2012 |access-date=2012-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128060751/http://www.svt.se/nyheter/sverige/bedovning-anvands-vid-svensk-halal-slakt|archive-date=2013-01-28|url-status=live}} About 25,000 are regarded as devout Muslims, visiting Friday prayers and practising daily prayers.

Muslims in Sweden most often originate from Iraq, Iran, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sandžak and Kosovo, the Iraqis being by far the largest group in 2015.{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/BE/BE0101/2012A01x/be0101_Fodelseland_och_ursprungsland.xls |title=Befolkning efter födelseland och ursprungsland 31 december 2012 |publisher=Statistics Sweden |date=31 December 2013 |access-date=22 December 2013 |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140242/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/BE/BE0101/2012A01x/be0101_Fodelseland_och_ursprungsland.xls |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }} Most Iranians and Iraqis fled as refugees to Sweden during the Iran–Iraq War from 1980 to 1988. The second-largest Muslim group consists of immigrants or refugees from Eastern Europe, particularly from former Yugoslavian countries, most of them being Bosniaks, who number 12,000. There is also a sizeable community of Somalis, who numbered 40,165 in 2011.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} They are followed by Muslim refugees from Syria and Somalia, two very rapidly growing groups. Two other groups, residing in Sweden for a decade longer, are people from Turkey and Lebanon.

Helena Benaouda, a Swedish Finnish woman who converted to Islam, attending a royal wedding. She was head of [[Muslim Council of Sweden 2004–2014.{{Citation|last=Larsson|first=Göran|title=Islam och muslimer i Sverige – en kunskapsöversikt|date=2014|url=https://www.myndighetensst.se/download/18.50d91f6b155046e7152c7081/1464948170878/Nr%204,%20Islam%20och%20muslimer,%20nr%204%20komplett.pdf|page=119|trans-title=Islam and Muslims in Sweden – an overview|publisher=Nämnden för statligt stöd till trossamfund|language=sv|quote=Ett annat undantag är Helena Benaouda (idag Hummasten) som var ordförande för Sveriges Muslimska Råd 2004-2014. [Another exception is Helena Benaouda (now Hummasten) who was head of the Muslim Council of Sweden 2004–2014.]}} |thumb|200px]]

There are no official statistics on the exact number of Swedish converts to Islam, but {{ill|Anne Sofie Roald|it}}, a historian of religions at Malmö University College, estimates the number of converts from the Church of Sweden to Islam to be 3,500 people since the 1960s. Roald further states that conversions are also occurring from Islam to the Church of Sweden, most noticeably by Iranians, but also by Arabs and Pakistanis.Svenska Dagbladet (SvD), [http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/artikel_607319.svd Fler kristna väljer att bli muslimer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321043146/http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/artikel_607319.svd |date=2009-03-21}}, November 19, 2007 (Accessed November 19, 2007)

The first known convert to Islam was the famous painter Ivan Aguéli who was initiated into the Shadhiliyya order in Egypt in 1909. It was Aguéli who introduced the French metaphysician René Guénon to Sufism. Aguéli is more known among Sufis by his Muslim name Abdul-Hadi al-Maghribi. Other well-known Swedish converts to Islam are Tage Lindbom, Kurt Almqvist, Mohammed Knut Bernström and Tord Olsson. Lindbom, Almqvist and Olsson are also initiates into various Sufi orders. Bernström translated the Quran into Swedish in 1998.

{{more citations needed section|date=October 2016}}

Several mosques have been built in Sweden since the 1980s, with notable ones in Malmö (1984) and Stockholm (2000). The Bellevue Mosque and the Brandbergen Mosque in the 2000s came to public attention as recruitment and propaganda centers for Islamist terrorism.{{cite news|first=Claes |last=Petersson |title=Terrorbas i Sverige |url=http://aftonbladet.se/vss/nyheter/story/0,2789,672257,00.html |publisher=Aftonbladet |language=sv |date=July 13, 2005 |access-date=Mar 3, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206204232/http://www.aftonbladet.se/vss/nyheter/story/0%2C2789%2C672257%2C00.html |archive-date=December 6, 2006}}{{cite news |first=Stefan |last=Lisinski |title=Säpo utreder medhjälp till terrorbrott |url=https://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/sapo-utreder-medhjalp-till-terrorbrott/ |publisher=Dagens Nyheter |language=sv |date=11 November 2005 |access-date=2 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326215613/http://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/sapo-utreder-medhjalp-till-terrorbrott/ |archive-date=26 March 2016 |url-status=live}}

In recent years, Islamic places of worship have increasingly been subject to vandalism. Swedish historian Mattias Gardell from Uppsala University sent a survey to 173 mosques, with 106 responding. 59% reported being subject to some sort of physical attack.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20180612/new-report-highlights-attacks-on-39-swedish-mosques-in-2017|title=New report highlights attacks on 39 Swedish mosques in 2017|date=2018-06-12|website=www.thelocal.se|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715182431/https://www.thelocal.se/20180612/new-report-highlights-attacks-on-39-swedish-mosques-in-2017|archive-date=2019-07-15|url-status=live}}

The following are some of the places of Islamic worship that can be found today in Sweden.

File:Mosque Malmö.jpg in Malmö|thumb|350px]]

The beginning of nationwide Islamic (Sunni) institutions in Sweden dates back to the creation of FIFS (Förenade Islamiska Församlingar i Sverige) in 1973–1974. In 1982 and 1984 two splits, due to internal rivalries, cultural differences, personal conflicts and funding, brought to the creation of SMF (Svenska Muslimska Förbundet) and ICUS, today IKUS (Islamska Kulturcenterunionen i Sverige). Others national institutions are BHIRF (Bosnien-Hercegovinas Islamiska riksförbund), founded in 1995 by Bosnian refugees, IRFS (Islamiska Riksförbundet), also since 1995, and SIA (Svenska Islamiska Akademin), founded in 2000 by the former ambassador Mohammed Knut Bernström, with the task of establishing in the future an Islamic university in Sweden, charged with imam education. SIA also publishes since February 2001 the periodical Minaret in Swedish.

There exist also the women association IKF (Islamiska Kvinnoförbund i Sverige), the youth association IUF (Islamiska Ungdomförbundet i Sverige) and the imam association SIR (Sveriges Imamråd). IIF (Islamiska Informationföreningen) is a member association of FIFS aiming at providing information about Islam in Sweden; 1986–2000 it published Salaam, whose editorial board has always been dominated by women, mainly Swedish converts.

National and target organization have also created umbrella organizations in order to simplify their relationships to the state. FIFS and SMF have created in 1990 SMR (Sveriges Muslimska Råd), of which SUM is also member. The IKUS umbrella organization is named IRIS (Islamiska Rådet i Sverige) and includes also IKF, IUF and SIR. Above all, IS (Islamiska samarbetsrådet) deals with financial issues with the commission for state grants to religious communities (SST); it includes FIFS, SMF, IKUS, ISS and SIF.

{{#section-h:Islamic Association in Sweden}}

{{#section-h:Islamic Association in Sweden| IFiS organization chart}}

{{Main|Muslim Council of Sweden}}

The Muslim Council of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges muslimska råd, SMR) is an umbrella organisation of Islamic organisations in Sweden. It was founded in 1990 by representatives of the {{ill|Förenade islamiska församlingar i Sverige|sv}} (FIFS), and the Muslim Association of Sweden ({{langx|sv|Sveriges Muslimska Förbund}}, SMuF). The former chairwoman of the organisation is Helena Hummasten,{{Cite news|date=11 January 2011|title=Sweden Muslim Council renews support for the leader.|work=The Local|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20110111/31352/|access-date=25 July 2021}} who succeeded Mostafa Kharraki.

According to islamologist Sameh Egyptson at Lund University, several people in leadership positions of the council are Islamists and support the Muslim Brotherhood.{{Cite web|title=S lovar att samarbeta med Sveriges muslimska råd|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/s-lovar-att-samarbeta-med-sveriges-muslimska-rad/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112012034/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/s-lovar-att-samarbeta-med-sveriges-muslimska-rad/ |archive-date=2020-11-12 |website=Expressen.se|date=29 January 2014 }}{{Cite news|last=Egyptson|first=Sameh|title=Så har islamisterna byggt upp sin maktbas i Sverige|work=Götebores-Posten|url=https://www.gp.se/debatt/s%C3%A5-har-islamisterna-byggt-upp-sin-maktbas-i-sverige-1.11763841|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202070908/https://www.gp.se/debatt/s%C3%A5-har-islamisterna-byggt-upp-sin-maktbas-i-sverige-1.11763841 |archive-date=2020-12-02}} The council organised a demonstration to protest when Mohamed Morsi was removed from office in Egypt.

In 1999, Mahmoud Aldebe was chairman of the council.{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/s-lovar-att-samarbeta-med-sveriges-muslimska-rad/|title=S lovar att samarbeta med Sveriges muslimska råd {{!}} Nyheter {{!}} Expressen|website=www.expressen.se|date=29 January 2014 |language=sv|access-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207005356/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/s-lovar-att-samarbeta-med-sveriges-muslimska-rad/|archive-date=2018-12-07|url-status=live}}

In 1999, the organisation was part of an alliance with the Religious Social Democrats (Swedish: Tro och Solidaritet) faction of the Social Democratic Party, where the council was to gain influence in Swedish politics via quotas for the number of Muslim politicians on election lists for council, region and Riksdag elections. Tro och Solidaritet was to further Islamic interests such as legislation and contracts concerning Muslim holidays, instituting a tax-financed training for imams via the National Agency for Higher Education and rules in working places for the Jumu'ah (Friday prayer). According to Religious Social Democrats chairman Peter Weiderud in 2014, the Religious Social Democrats were still in contact with SMR.

The organisation Muslim Youth of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges Unga Muslimer, SUM) with its headquarters at Stockholm Mosque received state aid from the Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society (Swedish acronym: MUCF) in the years 2011–2015.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mucf.se/vi-har-fatt-bidrag?org=sveriges+unga+muslimer&projekt=&bidragsnamn=&bidragstyp=All&ort=&beviljatar=All|title=Vi har fått bidrag - Organisationsbidrag, Projektbidrag, EU-bidrag {{!}} MUCF|website=www.mucf.se|language=sv|access-date=2018-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161202/https://www.mucf.se/vi-har-fatt-bidrag?org=sveriges+unga+muslimer&projekt=&bidragsnamn=&bidragstyp=All&ort=&beviljatar=All|archive-date=2018-04-18|url-status=live}} SUM had to pay back the government funds for 2016 and 2017 due to the organisation failing to respect the ideals of democracy.{{Cite news|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6928652|title=Sveriges unga muslimer får inte statsbidrag - Nyheter (Ekot)|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio |date=11 April 2018 |language=sv|access-date=2018-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053146/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6928652|archive-date=2018-04-19|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/sveriges-unga-muslimer-nekas-nytt-statsbidrag/|title=Sveriges unga muslimer nekas nytt statsbidrag|work=Expressen|access-date=2018-04-17|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161300/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/sveriges-unga-muslimer-nekas-nytt-statsbidrag/|archive-date=2018-04-18|url-status=live}} A report outlined how sympathisers and activists for extremist movements had leading positions of local chapters of SUM.{{Cite news|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6927472|title=Rapport kritisk mot Sveriges Unga Muslimer - Nyheter (Ekot)|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio |date=10 April 2018 |language=sv|access-date=2018-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053251/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6927472|archive-date=2018-04-19|url-status=live}}

A number of Swedish academics member of Antirasistiska Akademin (ArA), among them Edda Manga and Maimuna Abdullahi (also of MMRK) criticized the decision of MUCF to withhold further state aid to the organization.{{Cite news|url=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/pressreleases/mucf-s-godtyckliga-beslut-om-sum-s-bidrag-ett-stort-demokratiskt-bekymmer-1710924|title=ArA fördömer statens godtyckliga beslut att neka bidrag till Sveriges Unga Muslimer|work=Mynewsdesk|access-date=2018-09-29|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929155824/http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/pressreleases/mucf-s-godtyckliga-beslut-om-sum-s-bidrag-ett-stort-demokratiskt-bekymmer-1710924|archive-date=2018-09-29|url-status=live}}

SUM has a branch in Malmö, named Malmö Unga Muslimer.

In 2019, the administrative court of appeal upheld the decision to deny state aid to the organisation on the grounds that its representatives on occasion had made remarks incompatible with democracy and was ordered to repay 1.4 million SEK.{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/sveriges-unga-muslimer-ska-betala-tillbaka-bidrag/|title=Sveriges unga muslimer ska betala tillbaka bidrag|website=www.expressen.se|date=31 October 2019 |language=sv|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108060727/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/sveriges-unga-muslimer-ska-betala-tillbaka-bidrag/|archive-date=2019-11-08|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Islamic Relief}}

Islamic Relief in Sweden was founded in 1992 and is part of the international Muslim aid charity Islamic Relief which was founded in the UK.

IR in Sweden receives and channels tax funding primarily from government agencies Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and {{Interlanguage link|ForumCiv|sv|ForumCiv}}. In 2019 IR Sweden received 167 million SEK and 139 million SEK in tax funding.{{Cite web|title=Rapporter & policys - Islamic Relief Sverige|date=27 November 2020 |url=https://islamic-relief.se/rapporter-policys/|access-date=2021-05-23|page=Årsrapport 2020 p 56|language=sv-SE|format=PDF}}

{{Main|Muslim Association of Sweden}}

The Muslim Association of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges muslimska förbund, SMF) is Sweden's largest Muslim organisation, which represents around 70,000 Muslims in Sweden, which receives state aid from Swedish Agency for Support to Faith Communities.{{Cite web|url=http://www.myndighetensst.se/bidrag/utbetalade-bidrag/utbetalade-bidrag-2016.html|title=Utbetalade bidrag 2016 - Myndigheten för stöd till trossamfund|website=www.myndighetensst.se|language=sv|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173315/http://www.myndighetensst.se/bidrag/utbetalade-bidrag/utbetalade-bidrag-2016.html|archive-date=2018-03-31|url-status=dead}} The organization claims to be separate from the Muslim Brotherhood, but does claim to be inspired by its values. For example, one of the representatives of the organization, Mahmoud Aldebe, sent a letter in April 2006 to different Swedish political parties asking to exempt Muslims from Swedish divorce law.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ikhwan.whoswho/en/archives/1139|title=The Muslim Association of Sweden – Sveriges Muslimska Forbund (SMuF) {{!}} Ikhwan Info {{!}} English|last=rédaction|first=La|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108051410/http://www.ikhwan.whoswho/en/archives/1139|archive-date=2019-11-08|url-status=live}}

Muslimska Mänskliga Rättighetskommittén (MMRK) (loosely translated: "Muslim human rights committee") an organization modeled after the UK-based organisation Cageprisoner. MMRK consider the criminalisation of travelling to commit terror abroad to be a form of racial laws directed towards Muslims. MMRK also claim that returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters do not constitute a security threat.{{Cite web|url=https://doku.nu/2018/09/21/johan-lundberg-aziz-i-terrorforsvarets-tjanst/|title=Johan Lundberg: Aziz i terrorförsvarets tjänst – Doku.nu|website=doku.nu|date=21 September 2018 |language=sv-SE|access-date=2018-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927050221/https://doku.nu/2018/09/21/johan-lundberg-aziz-i-terrorforsvarets-tjanst/|archive-date=2018-09-27|url-status=live}} Spokesperson Maimuna Abdullahi also criticized suggestions that travelling to conflict zones should be criminalized in a letter published by Swedish Television.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/opinion/article2651913.svt|title=Debattartikel: "Ensidig analys kring väpnade grupper i Mellanöstern"|last=Abdullahi|first=Maimuna|date=2015-02-05|work=SVT Nyheter|access-date=2018-09-29|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929194558/https://www.svt.se/opinion/article2651913.svt|archive-date=2018-09-29|url-status=live}}

In May 2010, Munir Awad was invited to speak at a seminar criticizing the anti-terrorism laws of Sweden organized by MMRK.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svd.se/munir-awad-bodde-med-domda-terrorister|title=Munir Awad bodde med dömda terrorister {{!}} SvD|last=Chaaban|first=Sebastian|work=SvD.se|access-date=2018-09-29|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929121741/https://www.svd.se/munir-awad-bodde-med-domda-terrorister|archive-date=2018-09-29|url-status=live}} Awad was arrested in December 2010 for the 2010 Copenhagen terror plot for which he was later convicted and sentenced to jail.

MMRK invited the Cageprisoners founders Moazzam Begg and Asim Qureshi to a seminar.

{{Main|Diyanet}}

{{See also|Turks in Sweden}}

According to Dagens Nyheter in 2017, nine mosques in Sweden have imams sent and paid for by the Turkish Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet). Along with their religious duties, the imams are also tasked with reporting on critics of theTurkish government. According to Dagens Nyheter, propaganda for president Erdogan is openly presented in the mosques.

The Diyanet director of the Swedish branch is Fatih Mehmet Karaca. In November 2016 Karaca forced the finance officer (Swedish: kassör) of Muslimska församlingen i Malmö mosque (listed above) to resign as the finance officer had expressed views critical of the AKP party which is intolerable according to Diyanet ideology.

{{Main|Swedish Muslims for Peace and Justice}}

The Swedish Muslims for Peace and Justice is a self-described peace organization. It was founded in 2008 by a group including the Swedish Parliamentarian Mehmet Kaplan. Kaplan was forced to resign from the Swedish Cabinet due to his association with advocates of violent attacks on Armenians and connections to Islamist militants in Turkey.{{cite news|url=http://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/svt-nyheter-avslojar-kaplan-har-traffat-islamister-vid-flera-tillfallen|title=SVT Nyheter avslöjar: Kaplan har träffat islamister vid flera tillfällen|newspaper=SVT Nyheter|date=14 April 2016 |publisher=Sveriges Television|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414185619/http://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/svt-nyheter-avslojar-kaplan-har-traffat-islamister-vid-flera-tillfallen|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=live|last1=Jönsson |first1=Oskar |last2=Lundström |first2=Kjell }}{{cite news|last1=Henley|first1=John|title=Sweden's housing minister resigns amid 'extremist links' row|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/18/swedens-housing-minister-resigns-amid-extremist-links-row|access-date=3 May 2016|work=The Guardian|date=18 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502060108/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/18/swedens-housing-minister-resigns-amid-extremist-links-row|archive-date=2 May 2016|url-status=live}} In 2018 it was headed by former Green Party politician Yasri Khan.{{Cite news|url=http://program.almedalsveckan.info/event/user-view/55328|title=Troende, tro och misstro mot tron - Almedalsveckan|last=Gotland|first=Almedalsveckan - Region|work=Almedalsveckan|access-date=2018-09-01|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901145429/http://program.almedalsveckan.info/event/user-view/55328|archive-date=2018-09-01|url-status=live}} Khan was forced to leave the Green Party after he was nominated to the party committee while refusing to shake hands with women on religious grounds.{{Cite news|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/9mXBz9/yasri-khan-lamnar-politiska-uppdrag-efter-kritikstormen|title=Yasri Khan lämnar politiska uppdrag efter kritikstormen|work=Aftonbladet|access-date=2018-09-01|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901113233/https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/9mXBz9/yasri-khan-lamnar-politiska-uppdrag-efter-kritikstormen|archive-date=2018-09-01|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Hizb ut-Tahrir}}

In 2012, investigating magazine Expo wrote that the anti-democratic and antisemitic Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir had started to establish itself in Sweden. In October 2012 Hizb ut-Tahrir situated its annual "calpiphate conference" in Stockholm.{{Cite news|url=https://expo.se/2012/10/antisemitiskt-islamistparti-etablerar-sig-i-sverige|title=Antisemitiskt islamistparti etablerar sig i Sverige|work=Expo.se|access-date=2018-12-01|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201180734/https://expo.se/2012/10/antisemitiskt-islamistparti-etablerar-sig-i-sverige|archive-date=2018-12-01|url-status=live}} The group at the time had a section for all of Scandinavia which was primarily active in Denmark. The group does not recognize the caliphate as established by ISIL.{{Cite web|url=https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/hizb-ut-tahrir|title=Hizb ut-Tahrir|website=Counter Extremism Project|language=en|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023095744/https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/hizb-ut-tahrir|archive-date=2019-10-23|url-status=live}}

In the 2014 and 2018 Swedish general elections, the group campaigned in the Stockholm area for Muslims not to vote.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/stockholm/extrem-islamistrorelse-satsar-i-sverige|title=Extrem islamiströrelse satsar i Stockholm|last=Nyheter|first=SVT|date=2014-10-28|work=SVT Nyheter|access-date=2018-12-01|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201135211/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/stockholm/extrem-islamistrorelse-satsar-i-sverige|archive-date=2018-12-01|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2018-08-30/stoppar-anti-rostningsmote-i-stadens-lokaler|title=Stoppar anti-röstningsmöte i stadens lokaler|work=Sydsvenskan|access-date=2018-12-01|language=sv-SE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201180714/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2018-08-30/stoppar-anti-rostningsmote-i-stadens-lokaler|archive-date=2018-12-01|url-status=live}}

According to Sayed Jalabi in 2018, the organisation aims to organise a not necessarily violent coup d'état to overthrow the Government of Sweden and instead create a caliphate.{{Cite web|url=https://doku.nu/2018/11/30/hizb-ut-tahrir-hade-mote-i-kommunens-lokal/|title=Hizb ut-Tahrir hade möte i kommunens lokal – Doku.nu|website=doku.nu|date=30 November 2018 |language=sv-SE|access-date=2018-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130203102/https://doku.nu/2018/11/30/hizb-ut-tahrir-hade-mote-i-kommunens-lokal/|archive-date=2018-11-30|url-status=live}}

According to a Hizb ut-Tahrir spokesperson for Scandinavia, the organization does not strive to change the political system in Western countries. The Quilliam Foundation, composed of defectors from extremist organizations, Hizb ut-Tahrir does not believe in democratic and open societies and that they hide their intention to abolish democracy in the West.

Ibn rushd is an educational organization (Swedish: studieförbund) financed by state subsidies from Folkbildningsrådet, a government agency. Principal of the organization (Swedish: förbundsrektor) is Omar Mustafa. The organization gives courses in Dawah (Islamic missionary work). Together with Muslim Youth of Sweden, Ibn Rushd organizes the annual event Muslimska Familjedagarna (MFD) where proponents of sharia law have been invited to seminars.{{Cite news|url=https://ledarsidorna.se/2018/05/ibn-rushd-sfaren-under-press-forsoker-lagga-ut-dimridaer-infor-granskning/|title=Ibn Rushd - sfären under press. Försöker lägga ut dimridåer inför granskning|last=Westerholm|first=Johan|date=2018-05-02|work=Ledarsidorna.se {{!}} By Johan Westerholm|access-date=2018-10-07|language=sv-SE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007145625/https://ledarsidorna.se/2018/05/ibn-rushd-sfaren-under-press-forsoker-lagga-ut-dimridaer-infor-granskning/|archive-date=2018-10-07|url-status=live}}

In 2015, Anas Altikriti was invited to hold a speech at the MFD event.{{Cite news|url=https://ledarsidorna.se/2018/01/religios-fundamentalism-etablerad-i-staten-trots-pastaenden-om-motsatsen/|title=Religiös fundamentalism etablerad i staten. Trots påståenden om motsatsen|last=Westerholm|first=Johan|date=2018-01-29|work=Ledarsidorna.se {{!}} By Johan Westerholm|access-date=2018-10-07|language=sv-SE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007145607/https://ledarsidorna.se/2018/01/religios-fundamentalism-etablerad-i-staten-trots-pastaenden-om-motsatsen/|archive-date=2018-10-07|url-status=live}}

In 2017, Ibn rushd received 27 million Swedish crowns in state aid for its activities and a further 4.7 million for education of asylum seekers.{{Cite book|url=http://www.folkbildningsradet.se//globalassets/ar-vp-bu/2018/folkbildningsradets-arsredovisning-med-verksamhetsberattelse-2017.pdf?epieditmode=true|title=Årsredovisning med verksamhetsberättelse 2017|year=105|access-date=2018-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007223129/http://www.folkbildningsradet.se//globalassets/ar-vp-bu/2018/folkbildningsradets-arsredovisning-med-verksamhetsberattelse-2017.pdf?epieditmode=true|archive-date=2018-10-07|url-status=live}}

Al-Salamskolan is a charter school in Örebro. It receives about 150-200 thousand Swedish crowns every month from a Saudi foundation connected to the al-Haramain Foundation. The school is run by a foundation controlled by Saudi nationals.{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=634162|title=Saudiska bidragsgivare styr Örebroskola - Nyheter (Ekot)|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=5 June 2005 |language=sv|access-date=2018-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183611/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=634162|archive-date=2018-10-07|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://sydsvenskan.se/malmo/article140274/al-Haramain-star-pa-FNs-terrorlista.html|title=al-Haramain står på FN:s terrorlista|date=4 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113182046/http://sydsvenskan.se/malmo/article140274/al-Haramain-star-pa-FNs-terrorlista.html|archive-date=13 January 2011}} Music is banned at the school. Boys and girls are segregated into groups along gender lines for several subjects due to religious reasons.{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/stark-kritik-riktas-mot-muslimska-friskolan/|title=Massiv kritik mot muslimsk friskola – Fridolin: "Har inte följt dagens regelverk"|website=www.expressen.se|date=29 April 2017 |language=sv|access-date=2019-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142305/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/stark-kritik-riktas-mot-muslimska-friskolan/|archive-date=2019-02-17|url-status=live}} Beyond the national curriculum, the pupils receive ten hours of tuition in Islam and Arabic, which according to the former headmaster at the school was mandatory.{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1316&artikel=630225|title=Kaliber 5 juni 2005: Saudiarabisk mission i Sverige - Kaliber|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=20 November 2005 |language=sv|access-date=2018-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105451/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1316&artikel=630225|archive-date=2018-08-23|url-status=live}} In 2017, the school received a 500 000 SEK fine from the Swedish Schools Inspectorate due to deficiencies in its teaching practises. In 2017 the school wanted to fire the chairman of Al-Risalah Scandinavian Foundation, the foundation that funds the school, due to him not being able to be present for meetings.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/orebro/alsalam-skolan-vill-sparka-ordforande|title=Stiftelse bakom Alsalamskolan vill sparka ordförande|last=Brantemo|first=Axel|date=2017-07-24|access-date=2019-11-08|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108055341/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/orebro/alsalam-skolan-vill-sparka-ordforande|archive-date=2019-11-08|url-status=live}}

El Dagve was a Muslim charter school in Jönköping. Headmaster Hassan Meri immatriculated children to the school and received funding from the Jönköping Municipality but sent the pupils to school in their home countries instead, keeping the difference.{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=91&artikel=414716|title=El Dagve skriver in elever som inte går på skolan - P4 Jönköping|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=13 May 2004 |language=sv|access-date=2019-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216212131/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=91&artikel=414716|archive-date=2019-02-16|url-status=live}} In 2004 the school was closed by Swedish Work Environment Authority (Swedish: Yrkesinspektionen).{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=91&artikel=423610|title=Muslimska friskolan stängs - P4 Jönköping|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=2 June 2004 |language=sv|access-date=2019-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216212128/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=91&artikel=423610|archive-date=2019-02-16|url-status=live}}

Al-Azharskolan (Al-Azhar school) is a foundation which runs charter schools with a Muslim profile. In 2019, four of members of the board of directors were convicted of aggravated fraud for having funneled school funds towards a banking project, which would have become the first Islamic bank (which would not have charged interest) in Sweden. Starting a bank would have required around 100-150 million SEK, but existing Swedish banks did not want to facilitate the transfer of funds from investors in the Middle East to Sweden. The Al-Azhar school also caused controversy in 2016 when its school in Vällingby had gender segregated gym classes for children. The Swedish Schools Inspectorate also criticized the school for holding prayers during lesson hours, which violates educational law in Sweden. Of the seven accused, two were acquitted.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/stockholm/ledare-for-al-azhar-doms-for-grova-ekobrott|title=Fängelse för grova ekobrott i muslimsk skola|last=TT|date=2019-06-27|access-date=2019-10-05|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927211530/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/stockholm/ledare-for-al-azhar-doms-for-grova-ekobrott|archive-date=2019-09-27|url-status=live}} The verdict was upheld in the appeals court.{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/sv-se/news/inrikes/skolpengar-gick-till-att-starta-islamisk-bank/ar-AAIVaXK|title=Skolpengar gick till att starta islamisk bank|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2019-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019052932/https://www.msn.com/sv-se/news/inrikes/skolpengar-gick-till-att-starta-islamisk-bank/ar-AAIVaXK|archive-date=2019-10-19|url-status=live}}

As several of the accused also were involved in collecting funds for the construction of a mosque in Rinkeby, the construction company NCC withdrew from the project.

{{image frame

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As religion a few decades earlier was viewed as receding phenomenon, during the decade leading up to 2016 religion was again in the mainstream discourse due to international conflicts being interpreted in religious terms. In the last SOM survey in 2016 by Gothenburg University, the perception of Islam among the public had become more negative.{{Cite web|title=Allt fler positiva till de nya svenska religionerna|url=https://www.gu.se/nyheter/allt-fler-positiva-till-de-nya-svenska-religionerna|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.gu.se|date=14 June 2016 |publisher=Göteborgs universitet|pages=1, 6|language=sv|format=PDF}}

In 2006, a survey by the SOM Institute showed that half the Swedish population was negative towards Islam, where 7% expressed a positive attitude, 40% were undecided and 53% were negative. The poll showed that 48% were positive towards Christianity, the most positively rated religion.{{Cite news|date=2006-06-28|title=Hälften av svenskarna negativa till islam|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/halften-av-svenskarna-negativa-till-islam|access-date=2021-03-12|website=SVT Nyheter|language=sv }}

In 2007, a study by the Integrationsverket government agency showed that 55% of respondents among the population of Sweden expressed reservations about moving to districts where many Muslims live.{{cite book|url=http://www.temaasyl.se/Documents/IV/Integrationsbarometer%202007.pdf|title=Integrationsbarometer 2007|date=2007|publisher=Integrationsverket|location=Norrköping|page=9|access-date=14 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820064059/http://www.temaasyl.se/Documents/IV/Integrationsbarometer%202007.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2010}} This was the same as for 2005.

In 2014, a poll by Gävle University College found that when asked about their attitudes towards veils, in the case of the niqab and the burqa, 84% responded that the niqab was unacceptable and 81% saw the burqa in the same light, indicating a near-universal opposition to these external coverings. The chador was deemed unacceptable by 37% and a "clear majority" found the hijab and the shayla acceptable, 65.0 and 65.2 percent respectively. The report stated that "The question seems to arouse strong feelings against oppression versus the right to wear the clothes you want." The poll showed a slight increase in acceptance for the public wearing of veils. It also stated that "a clear majority (64.4%) of the Swedish population consider Muslim women to be more oppressed than other women in Sweden.".{{Cite book|url=https://www.hig.se/download/18.4db66897149b264e1ba4df24/1417115797086/mangfald.pdf|title=Mångfaldsbarometern 2014|publisher=Gävle University College|date=October 2014|pages=6|quote=Svaren innebär att motståndet i Sverige mot Burka och Niqab är kompakt, 84,4 respektive 81,6 procent anser att de är ganska eller helt oacceptabla. Motståndet har åter ökat något.|access-date=2018-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621094211/https://www.hig.se/download/18.4db66897149b264e1ba4df24/1417115797086/mangfald.pdf|archive-date=2016-06-21|url-status=dead}} Of the respondents, 26% expressed resistance to all kinds of Islamic veils.

In 2017, the Swedish National Board of Student Aid (CSN) eased its longtime grants and loans to students going to Islamic University of Madinah in Saudi Arabia, a religious school for missionaries proselytising the wahhabist variant of Islam. An investigation by Dagens Nyheter found that 71 students had travelled from Sweden with CSN funding since year 2000. The ban of grants was due to that neither women nor non-Muslims in general are allowed to study at Madinah and the ban encompassed all studies at all institutions being hostile to democracy.{{Cite news|url=https://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/regeringen-ska-stoppa-csn-bidrag-till-saudiska-studier/|title=Regeringen ska stoppa CSN-bidrag till saudiska studier - DN.SE|date=2017-12-06|work=Dagens Nyheter|access-date=2018-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102231844/https://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/regeringen-ska-stoppa-csn-bidrag-till-saudiska-studier/|archive-date=2 January 2018|language=sv-se}}

According to a 2018 poll by Sifo, 60% of the 1000 participants wanted to ban the Islamic call to prayer using loudspeakers, while 21% responded they should be allowed and 19% were undecided.{{Cite news|url=https://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/sifo-majoritet-vill-f%C3%B6rbjuda-b%C3%B6neutrop-1.5397262|title=Sifo: Majoritet vill förbjuda böneutrop|work=Göteborgs-Posten|access-date=2018-03-18|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318183020/https://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/sifo-majoritet-vill-f%C3%B6rbjuda-b%C3%B6neutrop-1.5397262|archive-date=2018-03-18|url-status=live}}

{{See also|Salafi movement}}

The Swedish Security Service estimated that there may be about 2,000 Swedish adherents of the puritanical Salafist movement within Sunni Islam.{{Cite news |last=Wallin |first=Evalisa |date=2017-07-03 |title=3000 extremister i Sverige |language=sv |work=Sveriges Radio |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6731295 |access-date=2023-09-22}}{{Dubious|date=September 2023|reason=The number is higher. The source talks about violent extremism but not all Salafists are violent extremists. See e.g. https://cve.se/download/18.843740f184cc4e52fa1189/1669904422143/CVE_Va%CC%8Aldsbejakande-islamistiska.pdf (p. 6)}} The Salafi movement is split between inward-looking purists and passivists, versus those who are militant.{{Cite web|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1313715/FULLTEXT01.pdf|title=Between Salafism and Salafi-Jihadism: Influences and Challenges for Swedish Society|page=8}} This last group is further divided into those who advocate militant defensive jihad in defense of Muslims, and those who advocate an offensive jihad along the lines of Al-Qaeda or ISIS. The majority of Salafists are passive and inward-oriented, while a small minority are oriented towards offensive jihadism - as opposed a so-called defensive jihad against outside aggression. Unlike in other parts of Europe, there are no Salafi organizations which openly preach jihad in Sweden - Salafi thought is instead spread by informal networks.

In Salafist circles, while topics in the main are uncontroversial, derogatory views towards women, homosexuals, non-believers, and Western governments are frequently expressed. It is also stressed that Muslims should not integrate into wider Swedish society.{{Cite book|url=https://www.fhs.se/download/18.7df9907163ed7475b4abe94/1530198487005/F%C3%B6rsvarsh%C3%B6gskolan.%20Mellan%20salafism%20och%20salafistisk%20jihadism_v2.pdf|title=Mellan salafism och salafistisk jihadism - Påverkan mot och utmaningar för det svenska samhället |author=Magnus Ranstorp |author2=Filip Ahlin |author3=Peder Hyllengren |author4=Magnus Normark |publisher=Swedish Defence University |date=2018 |page=9 |access-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704214212/https://www.fhs.se/download/18.7df9907163ed7475b4abe94/1530198487005/F%C3%B6rsvarsh%C3%B6gskolan.%20Mellan%20salafism%20och%20salafistisk%20jihadism_v2.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-04}} The Swedish Defence University concluded in its 2018 report on Salafism in Sweden that since according to Salafi doctrine only following the religious laws is allowed, Salafism is an anti-democratic movement. In contrast to non-Salafis, Salafists preach in Swedish.{{Cite book|url=https://www.fhs.se/download/18.7df9907163ed7475b4abe94/1530198487005/F%C3%B6rsvarsh%C3%B6gskolan.%20Mellan%20salafism%20och%20salafistisk%20jihadism_v2.pdf|title=Mellan salafism och salafistisk jihadism - Påverkan mot och utmaningar för det svenska samhället |author=Magnus Ranstorp |author2=Filip Ahlin |author3=Peder Hyllengren |author4=Magnus Normark |publisher=Swedish Defence University |date=2018 |pages=8, 70–71 |access-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704214212/https://www.fhs.se/download/18.7df9907163ed7475b4abe94/1530198487005/F%C3%B6rsvarsh%C3%B6gskolan.%20Mellan%20salafism%20och%20salafistisk%20jihadism_v2.pdf|archive-date=2018-07-04}}

In the Stockholm area, non-militant Salafists are predominant in the Tensta and Rinkeby areas among Salafists, while a militant and al-Qaeda supporting movement was predominant in Skärholmen, Alby and Norsborg.

{{See also|Foreign fighters in the Syrian and Iraqi Civil Wars#Sweden}}

According to the Swedish Defence University, since the 1970s, a number of residents of Sweden have been implicated in providing logistical and financial support to or joining various foreign-based transnational Islamic militant groups. Among these organizations are Hezbollah, Hamas, the GIA, Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State, Al-Shabaab, Ansar al-Sunna and Ansar al-Islam.

In the 2000s, according to Europol, Islamists in Sweden were not primarily seeking to commit attacks in Sweden, but were rather using Sweden as a base of operations against other countries and for providing logistical support for groups abroad.{{cite web|url=https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/tesat2009_1.pdf|title=EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report TE-SAT 2009|year=2009|publisher=Europol|page=21|access-date=July 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305120220/https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/tesat2009_1.pdf|archive-date=March 5, 2016|url-status=live}}

In 2010, the Swedish Security Service estimated that a total of 200 individuals were involved in the Swedish violent Islamist extremist milieu. According to the Swedish Defence University, most of these militants were affiliated with the Islamic State, with around 300 people traveling to Syria and Iraq to join the group and Al-Qaeda associated outfits like Jabhat al-Nusra in the 2012-2017 period.{{cite book|url=https://socialutveckling.goteborg.se/uploads/Swedish-Foreign-Fighters-webb.pdf|title=Swedish Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq|last1=Linus Gustafsson Magnus Ranstorp|date=2017|publisher=Swedish Defence University|pages=23–34, 13|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111640/https://socialutveckling.goteborg.se/uploads/Swedish-Foreign-Fighters-webb.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2017|url-status=live}}

In the Stockholm area, all networks involving jihadists are also involved in ordinary crime such as theft, burglary, and blackmail whereby they acquire income. Income received from illegal narcotics trading are also used finance jihadist activity as sympathizers with an ideology which uses violence to reach a higher goal will automatically be drawn into crime.{{Cite news|url=http://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/knarkvinster-till-utbildning-av-extremister-1.9203912|title=Knarkvinster till utbildning av extremister|work=Göteborgs-Posten|access-date=2018-09-24|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924105823/http://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/knarkvinster-till-utbildning-av-extremister-1.9203912|archive-date=2018-09-24|url-status=live}} In the Stockholm area, individuals who have joined jihadists in Syria and Iraq have predominantly been male, whereas in Gothenburg they have been both male and female.

In 2017, Swedish Security Service director Anders Thornberg stated that the number of violent Islamic extremists residing in Sweden to number was estimated to be "thousands".{{Cite news|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/udland/sapo-tusindvis-af-voldelige-islamister-bor-i-sverige|title=Säpo: Tusindvis af voldelige islamister bor i Sverige|work=DR|access-date=2017-12-05|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206135840/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/udland/sapo-tusindvis-af-voldelige-islamister-bor-i-sverige|archive-date=2017-12-06|url-status=live}} The Danish Security and Intelligence Service judged the number of jihadis in Sweden to be a threat against Denmark since two terrorists arriving from Sweden had already been sentenced in the 2010 Copenhagen terror plot.{{Cite news|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/pet-truslen-mod-danmark-kan-komme-fra-sverige|title=PET: Truslen mod Danmark kan komme fra Sverige|work=DR|access-date=2017-12-05|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204154410/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/pet-truslen-mod-danmark-kan-komme-fra-sverige|archive-date=2017-12-04|url-status=live}}

In March 2018, Kurdish authorities reported they had captured 41 IS supporters with either Swedish citizenship or residence permit in Sweden, of which 5 had key positions in the organization and one was the head of the ISIL propaganda efforts.{{Cite news|url=https://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/kurdisk-kalla-41-is-svenskar-fangslade-i-syrien/|title=Kurdisk källa: 41 IS-svenskar fängslade i Syrien - DN.SE|date=2018-03-24|work=Dagens Nyheter|access-date=2018-03-25|language=sv-se|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325001108/https://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/kurdisk-kalla-41-is-svenskar-fangslade-i-syrien/|archive-date=2018-03-25|url-status=live}}

According to interviews with authorities in November 2018, about half of those who joined the Islamic State and other groups in the Syrian Civil War had returned to Sweden. Some of the returnees are still radicalized and constitute a security threat.{{Cite news|url=http://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/de-stred-f%C3%B6r-is-tar-inte-avst%C3%A5nd-1.11385847|title=De stred för IS – tar inte avstånd|work=Göteborgs-Posten|access-date=2018-12-01|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201135238/http://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/de-stred-f%C3%B6r-is-tar-inte-avst%C3%A5nd-1.11385847|archive-date=2018-12-01|url-status=live}}

Under the alias "Abu Bakr al Janabi", an individual located in Sweden translated Islamic State material. As such, he was interviewed by Vice News and The Guardian. In December 2017, 30-year-old Alftaf Yasin Tarid, a KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumn who was born in Iraq, travelled on a flight from Stockholm to Schiphol and he was later arrested when travelling in a car in Rotterdam after meeting other individuals.{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1479639/terreurverdachten-blijven-twee-weken-vast|title=Terreurverdachten blijven twee weken vast|date=2017-12-28|website=Telegraaf|language=nl|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415060847/https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1479639/terreurverdachten-blijven-twee-weken-vast|archive-date=2019-04-15|url-status=live}} US authorities had tipped off their Dutch colleagues that Altaf had spread Islamic State propaganda from Sweden under the alias "Abu Bakr Al-Janabi". In December 2018, the trial began which went unreported in Swedish media. In January 2019 he was sentenced to three years in jail for disseminating IS propaganda.{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/gt/svensk-kth-ingenjor-bakom-is-propaganda/|title=Svensk KTH-ingenjör bakom IS propaganda|website=www.expressen.se|date=23 March 2019 |language=sv|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415060847/https://www.expressen.se/gt/svensk-kth-ingenjor-bakom-is-propaganda/|archive-date=2019-04-15|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-01-14|title=Celstraffen voor terreurverdachten kerstavond|url=https://www.ad.nl/rotterdam/celstraffen-voor-terreurverdachten-kerstavond~a109237c/|access-date=2021-01-03|website=Algemeen Dagblad|language=nl}}

In June 2019, two imams, Abo Raad active at Gävle mosque and another active in Umeå were deported due to them promoting violent extremism.{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/snabbkollen/tva-imamer-som-tagits-i-forvar-utvisas|title=Två imamer som tagits i förvar utvisas|last=V. Nyheter|first=S.|date=2019-06-12|access-date=2019-06-16|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615154609/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/snabbkollen/tva-imamer-som-tagits-i-forvar-utvisas|archive-date=2019-06-15|url-status=live}} The son of Raad was also to be deported along with other individuals involved in the Islamist scene in Sweden bringing the total to five.

{{See also|Islamic terrorism#Sweden|Islamic terrorism in Europe}}

• 2010 Stockholm bombings
• 20-year-old A. Sevigin was detained in February 2016 for attempting to construct a splinter bomb. He was sentenced to five years in prison by Attunda district court for breaching the terrorist laws. The psychiatric evaluation concluded that he was acting from his religious conviction.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20160602/ex-teaching-student-found-guilty-of-sweden-terror-plot|title=Teaching student jailed over Sweden terror plot|date=2016-06-02|newspaper=The Local Sweden|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403053741/https://www.thelocal.se/20160602/ex-teaching-student-found-guilty-of-sweden-terror-plot|archive-date=2019-04-03|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/terrormisstankte-aydin-sevigin-inte-psyksjuk/|title=Terrormisstänkte lärarstudenten Aydin Sevigin inte psyksjuk|website=www.expressen.se|date=26 May 2016 |language=sv|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224121933/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/terrormisstankte-aydin-sevigin-inte-psyksjuk/|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/aydin-sevigin-far-sin-dom-i-tingsratten/|title=Aydin Sevigin får fängelse för förberedelse till terrorbrott|website=www.expressen.se|date=2 June 2016 |language=sv|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224121928/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/aydin-sevigin-far-sin-dom-i-tingsratten/|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}} Previously he had travelled to Turkey in an attempt to join the Islamic State.
• 2017 Stockholm truck attack
• On 31 April 2018, 46-year-old man who had arrived as a refugee from Uzbekistan was arrested when police searched and found explosives on his property. In March 2019 he was sentenced to 7 years in prison for planning a terrorist attack in Sweden in the name of the Islamic State and financing serious crime. He was also given a deportation order and a ban from returning to Sweden again.{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/brottscentralen/david-idrissons-forandring-fran-snickare-till-terroratalad-/|title=David Idrissons förändring – från snickare till terroråtalad|website=www.expressen.se|date=31 December 2018 |language=sv|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403080006/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/brottscentralen/david-idrissons-forandring-fran-snickare-till-terroratalad-/|archive-date=2019-04-03|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/brottscentralen/han-riskerar-fangelse-for-forberedelse-till-terrorbrott/|title=Han skulle spränga i Sverige – i IS namn {{!}} Brottscentralen {{!}} Expressen|website=www.expressen.se|date=8 March 2019 |language=sv|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326134142/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/brottscentralen/han-riskerar-fangelse-for-forberedelse-till-terrorbrott/|archive-date=2019-03-26|url-status=live}} Four other men were sentenced for falsifying documents or financing serious crime and received prison sentences ranging from 1 to 6 months in prison.

Some Muslims have been victims of violence because of their religion.{{cite news|last1=Gee|first1=Oliver|title=Sweden's Islamophobia is getting stronger|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20150102/swedens-islamophobia-is-getting-stronger|newspaper=The Local Sweden|access-date=21 May 2017|date=2 January 2015}} In October 1991, Shahram Khosravi, a 25-year-old student of Iranian origin, was shot in the face outside the Stockholm University by John Ausonius.{{cite news | first=Thomas | last=Gustafsson | title=Jag har levt i en lögn | url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article16423.ab | newspaper=Aftonbladet | date=5 April 2001 | language=sv | access-date=9 August 2010}} In 1993, two young Somali immigrants were stabbed and a local mosque in the city was burned down.{{cite book|last1=Barber|first1=Nicola|title=Focus on Sweden|date=2007|publisher=Gareth Stevens|isbn=9780836867398|page=20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2q5tgGawivAC&pg=PA20|access-date=22 May 2017}} The perpetrators of the stabbing were said by police to have been motivated by racial hatred.{{cite book|last1=Rossi|first1=Melissa|title=The Armchair Diplomat on Europe: The Ultimate Slackers' Guide to Our Continental Cousins|date=4 August 2005|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9780141954226|page=557|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVTWfyIi_moC&pg=PT557}}

The Imam Ali Islamic Centre in Järfälla, the largest Shia mosque in Sweden, was burned down in May 2017 in what police suspect was arson.{{cite web|title=Sweden Muslims express 'shock' over mosque fire|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/sweden-muslims-express-shock-mosque-fire-170501093223781.html|website=Al Jazeera English|access-date=22 May 2017|date=1 May 2017}}

An arson attack on the Malmö Mosque took place in 2003, which damaged the mosque and totally destroyed other buildings at the Islamic Center. Another attack took place in October 2005.{{cite web |url=http://www.thelocal.se/20120123/2346 |title=Arson attack on Malmö mosque |publisher=The Local |date=22 October 2005 |access-date=14 November 2013}}

{{main|2014 mosque arson attacks in Sweden}}

A series of arson attacks took place during one week at the end of 2014 on three mosques in Sweden. In addition to being struck by Molotov cocktails, some mosques were vandalized with racist graffiti.{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/63382ebe-91c8-11e4-bfe8-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3NjJghbbS|title=Sweden hit by third assault on mosque|work=Financial Times|date=January 2015 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/news/world/Europe/story/Sweden-hit-third-mosque-arson-attack-week-20150102|title=Sweden hit by third mosque arson attack in a week|publisher=straitstimes.com|date=January 2015}}

{{criticism section|date=October 2015}}

{{See also|Antisemitism in Sweden|Antisemitism in Islam}}

A government study in 2006 estimated that 5% of the total adult population and 39% of adult Muslims "harbour systematic antisemitic views".Henrik Bachner and Jonas Ring. {{cite web|url=http://intolerans.levandehistoria.se/article/article_docs/antisemitism_english.pdf |title=Antisemitic images and attitudes in Sweden |access-date=2007-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221140257/http://intolerans.levandehistoria.se/article/article_docs/antisemitism_english.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2007 }}. levandehistoria.se The former prime minister Göran Persson described these results as "surprising and terrifying". However, the rabbi of Stockholm's Orthodox Jewish community, Meir Horden, said, "It's not true to say that the Swedes are antisemitic. Some of them are hostile to Israel because they support the weak side, which they perceive the Palestinians to be."[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/922248.html Anti-Semitism, in Sweden? Depends who you're asking] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418045705/http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/922248.html |date=2009-04-18 }}, Haaretz, November 9, 2007.

Investigating journalists at TV4 reported that self-appointed morality police in migrant areas such as Rinkeby, Tensta, Husby and Hjulsta harass women for wearing skirts, owning dogs or going out alone without the company of a male.{{Citation|title=Hon kan inte gå ut med hunden utan att bli hotad av män|url=https://www.tv4play.se/program/nyheterna/3882892|access-date=2018-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623165831/https://www.tv4play.se/program/nyheterna/3882892|archive-date=2018-06-23|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=93&artikel=6977086|title=Brottsofferjouren om moralpoliser: "Det finns ett stort mörkertal" - P4 Värmland|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio |date=14 June 2018 |language=sv|access-date=2018-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623165725/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=93&artikel=6977086|archive-date=2018-06-23|url-status=live}} The phenomenon has also been reported in the Brandkärr district of Nyköping according to a report by the municipality.{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=87&artikel=6979282|title=Radikalisering i Nyköping: Rapport larmar om månggifte och moralpoliser - P4 Sörmland|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|newspaper=Sveriges Radio |date=19 June 2018 |language=sv|access-date=2018-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623141039/https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=87&artikel=6979282|archive-date=2018-06-23|url-status=live}}

Swedish social anthropologist {{ill|Aje Carlbom|sv}} and parliamentarian Abderisak Aden, who has founded the Islamic Democratic Institute (Islamiska demokratiska institutet), have both stated that they believe that at least part of the leading members of SMR support Islamist ideologies and are influenced by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood.

The Muslim Council of Sweden (SMR), an umbrella organization for Swedish Muslim organizations, has been involved in several controversies. In 2006 Mahmoud Aldebe, one of the board members of SMR, sent letters to each of the major political parties in Sweden demanding special legislation for Muslims in Sweden, including the right to specific Islamic holidays, special public financing for the building of Mosques, that all divorces between Muslim couples be approved by an Imam, and that Imams should be allowed to teach Islam to Muslim children in public schools. The request was condemned by all political parties and the government and the Swedish Liberal Party requested that an investigation be started by the Office of the Exchequer into the use of public funding of SMR. The chairman of the Board of SMR subsequently stated that it supported the demands made by Aldebe but that it did not think that the letter had been a good idea to communicate them in a list of demands.[http://www.sr.se/cgi-bin/ekot/artikel.asp?artikel=847120 Sveriges muslimska råd i krismöte] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930232042/http://www.sr.se/cgi-bin/ekot/artikel.asp?artikel=847120|date=2007-09-30}} Swedish Radio, Friday 28 April 2006 (in Swedish). A copy of the letter sent by Aldebe can be found here [http://www.sr.se/Diverse/AppData/Isidor/files/83/2113.pdf] (in Swedish)

Although the Board of SMR did not condemn Aldebe the letter has caused conflict within the organization.[http://sydsvenskan.se/malmo/article156076.ece Sydsvenska dagbladet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102171533/http://sydsvenskan.se/malmo/article156076.ece |date=2007-01-02 }}, Krav på muslimska lagar i Sverige skapar maktkamp, 28 April 2006. [https://archive.today/20121203081028/http://www.folkbladet.se/%5CGEN_Utmatning.asp?ArticleID=1173168 Folkbladet i Norrköping], Imam: Vi vill ha egna lagar – men muslimska rådets krav möter hårt motstånd, 29 April 2006 SMR has also been accused of being closely allied to the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which has been criticised both inside and outside the party.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701081913/http://www.svt.se/svt/jsp/Crosslink.jsp?d=58360&a=631540&printerfriendly=true|archive-date=2012-07-01|date=2006-05-02|url=http://www.svt.se/svt/jsp/Crosslink.jsp?d=58360&a=631540&printerfriendly=true|title=Granskningen av islam och integrationen, del II: Socialdemokraternas oheliga röstfiske|language=sv|work=Swedish Television}}

The Brandbergen Mosque has been described by the FBI terrorism consultant Evan Kohlmann as a propaganda central for the Armed Islamic Group (GIA). According to Kohlmann, people connected to the mosque also participated in the financing of GIA's bombing campaign in France in 1995.

In 2004 an Arabic-language manual, which carried the logo and address of the Brandbergen Mosque, was spread on the internet. The manual described the construction of simple chemical weapons, including how to build a chemical munition from an ordinary artillery round.Evan Kohlmann (2004-09-18) [https://web.archive.org/web/20061021085434/http://www.globalterroralert.com/chemicalround.pdf Global terror alert]. globalterroralert.com On December 7, 2006, the Swedish citizen Mohamed Moumou, who is described by the United States Department of the Treasury as an "uncontested leader of an extremist group centered around the Brandbergen Mosque in Stockholm", was put on the United Nations Security Council Committee 1267 list of foreign terrorists.{{cite press release|url=http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/hp191.htm |title=Treasury Designations Target Terrorist Facilitators |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury |date=Dec 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526183603/http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/hp191.htm |archive-date=2007-05-26 }}

In 2012, the SVT program Uppdrag granskning visited 10 mosques once with a hidden camera and once with a visible camera. When the representatives were aware of being filmed, they stated that they supported values such as gender equality; however, when two undercover journalists posed as Muslim women with difficulties in their marriage, the answers from the majority of the visited imams were different. The imams told the women that they were expected to sleep with their husbands even if they did not want to and that they were to accept being beaten, and strongly discouraged them from going to the police. Since about half of the visited mosques receive state or local funding, they are expected to promote basic values of Swedish society, such as equal rights between genders and to counteract discrimination and violence.{{cite news|last=Yllner|first=Nadja|title=Undercover report: Muslim leaders urges women to total submission|url=http://svt.se/ug/undercover-report-muslim-leaders-urges-women-to-total-submission|access-date=18 May 2012|newspaper=SVT – Uppdrag Granskning|date=16 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520203029/http://svt.se/ug/undercover-report-muslim-leaders-urges-women-to-total-submission|archive-date=20 May 2012|url-status=live}}

In March 2014, Malmö Municipality withdrew financial support to a local association because they invited a Syrian lecturer who says that homosexuality should be punished by death to a charity event.{{cite news|title=Bidrag dras in efter homofobi-tal|url=http://www.hd.se/nyheter/sverige/2014/03/20/bidrag-dras-in-efter-homofobi-tal/|access-date=20 June 2015|agency=Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå|work=Helsingborgs Dagblad|date=20 Mar 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620120632/http://www.hd.se/nyheter/sverige/2014/03/20/bidrag-dras-in-efter-homofobi-tal/|archive-date=20 June 2015|url-status=live}} The organisers said that the lecturer would not attend and hold no speeches, but after a video recording showed him holding a lecture, the sum of money was recalled.{{cite news|title=Utbetalning stoppas efter kritiserat besök|url=http://www.sydsvenskan.se/malmo/utbetalning-stoppas-efter-kritiserat-besok/|access-date=20 June 2015|work=Sydsvenskan|date=21 Mar 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912190718/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/malmo/utbetalning-stoppas-efter-kritiserat-besok/|archive-date=12 September 2015|url-status=live}}

In January 2015, Sigtuna council stopped radical Islamic preacher Haitham al-Haddad from holding a lecture at their premises.{{cite news|title="Hatpredikant" inbjuden att tala i Sigtuna – stoppas av kommunen|url=http://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/hatpredikant-inbjuden-att-tala-i-sigtuna|access-date=20 June 2015|agency=Sveriges Television|date=29 Jan 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620131323/http://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/hatpredikant-inbjuden-att-tala-i-sigtuna|archive-date=20 June 2015|url-status=live}} He had been invited by Märsta Unga Muslimer (tr: Muslim Youth of Märsta) but when the council was informed of the preacher's homophobic and antisemitic views, the council cancelled the rental contract.

According to criticism by British think-tank Quilliam in May 2015, Sweden is more likely than other countries to allow preachers with radical views to enter the country and spread their views.{{cite news|last1=Scherman|first1=Lena|last2=Bernardson|first2=Pia|title="Sverige för flat mot hatpredikanter" (sv: Sweden too lenient towards hate preachers)|url=http://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/sverige-for-flat-mot-hatpredikanter|access-date=20 June 2015|agency=Sveriges Television|date=7 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620131455/http://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/sverige-for-flat-mot-hatpredikanter|archive-date=20 June 2015|url-status=live}}

In May 2015, radical preacher Said Rageahs was invited to the mosque in Gävle where he promoted the views that whoever insults Mohammed should be killed along with apostates and advocated segregation between Muslims and non-Muslims.{{cite news|title=Radikal imam fick predika i Gävles moské|url=http://www.gd.se/gastrikland/gavle/radikal-imam-fick-predika-i-gavles-moske|access-date=24 July 2015|work=Gefle Dagblad|date=2015-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725012213/http://www.gd.se/gastrikland/gavle/radikal-imam-fick-predika-i-gavles-moske|archive-date=25 July 2015|url-status=live}} The local imams at Gävle mosque ran the webpage Muslim.se which espoused similar views (with the death penalty for homosexuality added) and according to Islamologist Jan Hjärpe at Lund University, their views are typical of the Wahhabi.{{cite web|title=Gävleimamen ansvarig för radikal hemsida|url=http://www.gd.se/gastrikland/gavle/gavleimamen-ansvarig-for-radikal-hemsida|work=Gefle Dagblad|access-date=2015-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703194731/http://www.gd.se/gastrikland/gavle/gavleimamen-ansvarig-for-radikal-hemsida|archive-date=2015-07-03|url-status=live}}

• Luai Ahmed, Yemeni-Swedish journalist, columnist, and influencer
• Mahmoud Aldebe, chairman of the Muslim Association of Sweden (SMF)
• Kurt Almqvist, was a Swedish poet
• Nadja Awad, Egyptian-Swedish politician
• Mohammed Knut Bernström, was a former Swedish diplomat, who converted to Islam
• Kerim Chatty, Swedish-Tunisian man who was suspected of attempted hijacking of an aircraft in 2002
• Siavosh Derakhti, Swedish social activist, founder of Young People Against Anti-Semitism and Xenophobia
• Mehdi Ghezali, Swedish-Algerian detainee at Guantanamo Bay
• Helena Hummasten, Finnish-Swedish former chair of the Swedish Muslim Council
• Badou Jack, Swedish professional boxer
• Nadia Jebril, Swedish-Palestinian journalist and TV host at the Swedish television (SVT)
• Mehmet Kaplan, Swedish-Turkish politician who served as Minister for Housing and Urban Development
• Emir Kujović, Bosniak-Swedish Swedish former professional footballer
• Tage Lindbom, was a Swedish mystic and conservative philosopher
• Yksel Osmanovski, is a Swedish-Turkish former professional footballer
• Nalin Pekgul, Swedish-Kurdish Swedish Social Democratic politician
• Sofie Louise Johansson Petra, Swedish member of the Kelantan royal family as the wife of Tengku Muhammad Fa-iz Petra
• Ahmned Rami, Moroccan-Swedish writer, political activist, coup d'état participant and military officer
• Sibel Redžep, Macedonian-born Swedish pop singer
• William Thorson, Swedish professional poker player
• Abdirizak Waberi, Somali–Swedish Moderate Party politician
• Mikail Yüksel, Swedish-Turkish politician, founder and leader of the Muslim Nuance Party
• Maher Zain, Lebanese-Swedish R&B singer, songwriter and music producer

{{Portal|Sweden|Islam}}

• Ahmadiyya in Sweden
• Bosniaks in Sweden
• Turks in Sweden
• Syrians in Sweden
• Iraqis in Sweden
• Alleged state-sponsored kidnappings of Muslims in Sweden
• Halal-TV
• Religion in Sweden
• Lars Vilks Muhammad drawings controversy
• History of Islam in the Arctic and Subarctic regions

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{interlanguage link|Sander, Åke|sv|Åke Sander}} (1990), Islam and Muslims in Sweden, Göteborg : Centre for the Study of Cultural Contact and International Migration, Gothenburg University
• {{interlanguage link|Sander, Åke|sv|Åke Sander}} (2004), "Muslims in Sweden", by Muhammad Anwar, {{interlanguage link|Jochen Blaschke|de}} and Åke Sander, [http://www.ibrarian.net/navon/paper/State_Policies_Towards_Muslim_Minorities.pdf?paperid=5257979 State Policies Towards Muslim Minorities: Sweden, Great Britain and Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127124420/http://www.ibrarian.net/navon/paper/State_Policies_Towards_Muslim_Minorities.pdf?paperid=5257979 |date=2016-01-27 }}, Berlin : Parabolis

{{commons category}}

• Alwall, Jonas (1998), Muslim rights and plights : the religious liberty situation of a minority in Sweden, Lund : Lund University Press, pp. 145–238
• {{cite journal

|last = Carlbom

|first = Aje

|year = 2006

|title = An Empty Signifier: The Blue-and-Yellow Islam of Sweden

|journal = Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs

|volume = 26

|issue = 2

|pages = 245–261

|doi = 10.1080/13602000600937754

|s2cid = 143923155

}}

• Carlbom, Aje (2003), The Imagined versus the Real Other: Multiculturalism and the Representation of Muslims in Sweden, Lund: Lund Monographs in Social Anthropology, pp. 63–163
• Nielsen, Jørgen S. (1992), Muslims in Western Europe, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 80–84
• {{interlanguage link|Sander, Åke|sv|Åke Sander}} (1993), Islam and Muslims in Sweden and Norway: a partially annotated bibliography 1980–1992 with short presentations of research centres and research projects, Göteborg: Centre for the Study of Cultural Contact and International Migration, Gothenburg University
• {{interlanguage link|Sander, Åke|sv|Åke Sander}} (1997), "To what extent is the Swedish Muslim religious?", in Steven Vertovec and Ceri Peach (eds.), Islam in Europe: The Politics of Religion and Community, London: Macmillan and New York: St.Martin's, pp. 179–210

{{Islam in Europe}}

{{Religion in Sweden}}