Issachar Ber Ryback

{{Short description|Ukrainian-French Jewish painter (1897–1935)}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Issachar Ber Ryback

| image = Issachar Ber Ryback.jpg

| caption =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1897|02|02}}

| birth_place = Yelisavetgrad, Russian Empire

| death_date = {{death date and age|1935|12|22|1897|02|02}}

| death_place = Paris, France

| occupation = Artist

}}

Image:Me shlisṭ oys derfar, L. Ḳṿiṭḳo ; tseykhnungen, Y. Ribak.jpg

Issachar Ber Ryback, also Riback (Іссахар-Бер Рибак; 2 February 1897, in Yelisavetgrad, Russian Empire (today Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine) – 22 December 1935, in Paris) was a Jewish-Ukrainian-French painter.[http://www.comite-ryback.org/Biography.php Issachar Ber Ryback] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310172612/http://www.comite-ryback.org/Biography.php |date=2016-03-10 }} biography

Life

Ryback attended the art school in Kiev until 1916. He joined a progressive group of painters and was influenced by advocates of a modern Jewish literature such as David Bergelson and David Hofstein. The painters Alexander Bogomazov and Alexandra Exter were in Kiev at the time, and they taught him in 1913.

In 1916 El Lissitzky and Ryback were given the task to make Jewish art memorials of schtetls from Ukraine and Belarus.

When he participated in an exhibition of Jewish paintings and sculptures in Moscow the spring 1917, his works were especially recommended.

During the October Revolution in 1917, he took part in multiple activities to redefine avantgarde Yiddish culture, e.g., he was a member of Kultur Lige in Kiev. Later he went to Moscow. After his father was killed by Petliura's soldiers in the pogroms in Ukraine, he fled in April 1921 to Kaunas and in October 1921 he obtained a visa for Germany. He was in Berlin until 1924.

He was a member of the Novembergruppe and exhibited his Cubist pictures at both the Berliner Secession and the Juryfreien Kunstausstellung.

He also illustrated three small Yiddish fairy tale books for Miriam Margolin. His Shtetl. Mayn Chorever Heym, a Gedekniss (Shtetl, My Destroyed Home. A memorial) was published in 1923 by Schwellen-Verlag. It is a collection of lithographs of his home town which was destroyed by pogroms. At the time the Jewish education organization World ORT was situated in Berlin and he made the design for its logo.

Image:In ṿald, L. Ḳṿiṭḳo ; tseykhenungen Y. Ribaḳ.jpg (Berlin, 1922)]]

In 1924 he tried to work in the Soviet Union by decorating scenes at Yiddish theaters.

In 1926 he emigrated to Paris and did not return to Russia.

In 1928 he had a solo exhibition in the "Galerie aux Quatre Chemins“ and in 1929 in the "Galerie L’Art Contemporain“. His style of painting had turned to the Expressionistic coloring of the School of Paris in the interwar period. Further exhibitions followed at galleries in The Hague, Rotterdam, Brussels and Antwerp. In 1935 he traveled to the opening of his exhibition in Cambridge. He did not live to see the retrospective exhibition in Paris organised by Georges Wildenstein.

Rybak was a contemporary of Jewish-Russian artists Natan Issajewitsch Altman, Boris Aronson and Marc Chagall, who transmitted the Jewish tradition in modern art.

Most of the works he left behind are in the Museum Ryback in Bat Yam in Israel, a part of the MoBY-Museums of Bat Yam complex.{{cite web|url=http://moby.org.il/en/visitor-information/|title=MoBY: Museums of Art - Visit|website=moby.org.il |date= |accessdate=2017-10-17}}

Gallery

Ryback, The Synagogue in Dubrouna, 1917.jpg|The Synagogue in Dubrouna (1917)

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Old_Sinagogue.jpg|Old Synagogue

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Synagogue_in_Pianov_Sokolski.jpg|Synagogue in Janów Sokolski

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Houses_in_a_small_Town.jpg|Houses in a small Town

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Small_town_after_the_Pogrom.jpg|Small Town after a Pogrom

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_tableau.jpg|My village

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_The_big_Sinagogue.jpg|A Big Synagogue

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Town.jpg|Town

Škłoŭ, Vialikaja synagoga. Шклоў, Вялікая сынагога (I. Ryback, 1917).jpg|Shklow, Miashchanskaya Street, Synagogue

Issachar Ber Ryback - The Sharpener (in color).jpg|The Sharpener

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_A_goat.jpg|A Goat (1917)

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_A_jew_with_a_goat.jpg|A Jew with a Goat

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Blessing.jpg|Blessing

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Interior_with_knitting_woman.jpg|Interior with Knitting Woman

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Interior_with_red_carpet.jpg|Interior with Red Carpet

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Market_in_the_small_town.jpg|Market in a Small Town

Issachar Ber Ryback 110.jpg|Pogrom

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Musicians.jpg|Musicians

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Near_the_River.jpg|Near the River

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Offering_a_present.jpg|Offering a Present

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_The_Butcher.jpg|Reznik

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_The_Glazier.jpg|The Glazier

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_The_Rabbi's_wife_(1).jpg|The Rabbi's Wife

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_The_shoemaker.jpg|The Shoemaker

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_-_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg|Wedding Ceremony

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_La_fiancée.jpg|Fiancée

Issachar_Ber_Ryback_Romantic_portrait.jpg|Romantic Portrait

J._Ryback_-_Im_Schatten.jpg|In the Shade

J._Ryback_-_Russische_Bäuerin.jpg|Russian Peasant Woman

Selected publications

Ausstellung. J. Ryback. Buch u. Kunstdruckerei Lutze und Vogt, Berlin 1923.
A l'ombre du passe. Les Editions Graphiques, Paris 1932.
Leib Kwitko: In Vald ("Im Wald"), Zeichnungen von Issachar Ryback, Schwellen Verlag, Berlin 1922. In Jiddisch und in deutscher Übersetzung enthalten in: David Bergelson, Lejb Kwitko, Peretz Markisch, Ber Smoliar: Der Galaganer Hahn: jiddische Kinderbücher aus Berlin; jiddisch und deutsch, Aus d. Jidd. übertr. und hrsg. von Andrej Jendrusch, Berlin: Ed. DODO, 2003 {{ISBN|3-934351-06-9}}
Leib Kwitko: Voigelen ("Vögel"), Zeichnungen von Issachar Ryback, Schwellen Verlag, Berlin 1922. In Jiddisch und in deutscher Übersetzung enthalten in: David Bergelson, Lejb Kwitko, Peretz Markisch, Ber Smoliar: Der Galaganer Hahn: jiddische Kinderbücher aus Berlin; jiddisch und deutsch, Aus d. Jidd. übertr. und hrsg. von Andrej Jendrusch, Berlin: Ed. DODO, 2003 {{ISBN|3-934351-06-9}}

Literature

Salomon Wininger: Große jüdische National-Biographie. Kraus Reprint, Nendeln 1979, {{ISBN|3-262-01204-1}} (Nachdr. d. Ausg. Czernowitz 1925). Band 5, S. 189
Issesokher Ber Ribak: zayn lebn un shafn. Funm Komitet tsu fareybikn dem ondek fun Issesokher Ber Ribak, Paris 1937
Zalmen Reyzen: Ryback Issakhar Ber. In: Lexikon fun der yiddisher literatur, presse un filologie. Band 4, Farlag fun B. Kletskin, Wilna 1929, S. 316–320
Raymond Cogniat: I. Ryback. Ėditions L’Amitié Française, Paris 1934.
Karl Schwarz: Jewish Artists of the 19h and 20h Centuries. New York 1949, S. 203–207
Mané-Katz – Issachar Ryback: Connections. Mané-Katz Museum, Spring 1993. Haifa, 1993.
KULTUR-LIGE Artistic Avant-Garde of the 1910s and the 1920s. 20 December 2007 – 20 January 2008, National Museum of Art of Ukraine
Sigalit Meidler-Waks: Issachar Ber Ryback. Leben und Werk. Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-95565-311-8

External links

{{DNB-Portal|120847493}}
[http://www.artatthecenter.com/html/Artists.cfm?ID=19 Issachar Ber Ryback] ataatc
[http://www.comite-ryback.org/Biography.php Issachar Ber Ryback] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310172612/http://www.comite-ryback.org/Biography.php |date=2016-03-10 }} at Comité & Foundation Issachar Ber Ryback
[https://jewish.ru/ru/people/culture/184199/ About Ryback at jewish.ru] (in Russian)
Seth L. Wolitz: [http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Rybak_Yisakhar_Ber Rybak, Yisakhar Ber], Biography at YIVO Encyclopedia