Jammu#Refugees

According to local tradition, Jammu is named after its founder, Raja Jambulochan, who is believed to have ruled the area in the 9th century.{{cite news | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/priya-sethi-lays-foundation-stone-of-statue-of-jambu-lochan/ | title=Priya Sethi lays foundation stone of statue of Jambu Lochan | work=Daily Excelsior | date=1 August 2016 | access-date=16 April 2019 }} Local tradition holds the city to be 3000 years old but this is not supported by historians.{{sfn|Kapur, History of Jammu and Kashmir State|1980|p=9}}

File:Valley of Jammu.jpg

Jammu is located at {{coord|32.73|N|74.87|E|}}.{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Jammu.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jammu, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}} It has an average elevation of {{cvt|300|m}}. Jammu city is situated on a series of uneven ridges of low heights in the Shivalik hills. It is surrounded by the Shivalik range to the north, east, and southeast while the Trikuta Range borders it in the northwest. It is approximately {{convert|600|km|mi}} from the national capital, New Delhi.

The city straddles the Tawi river. The old city overlooks the river from the north (right bank) while the new neighbourhoods are spread around the southern side (left bank) of the river. There are five bridges over the river.

{{clear left}}

According to Tarikh-i-Azmi, Jammu came into existence around 900 CE. The state of Durgara (modern forms "Duggar" and "Dogra)") is also attested from around this time.{{sfn|Kapur, History of Jammu and Kashmir State|1980|pp=9–10}}{{sfn|Charak & Billwaria, Pahāṛi Styles of Indian Murals|1998|p=6}} The capital of the Durgara state at that time is believed to have been Vallapura (identified with modern Billawar). Its rulers are repeatedly mentioned in Kalhana's Rajatarangini.{{sfn|Bamzai, Culture and Political History of Kashmir|1994|p=184}} Babbapura (modern Babor) is another state mentioned in Rajatarangini, some of whose rulers also appear by in the Vamshavali (family chronicles) of later Jammu rulers. These rulers are believed to have enjoyed almost independent status and allied themselves with the Sultans of Delhi.

Jammu is mentioned by name in the chronicles of Timur ({{reign|1370|1406}}), who invaded Delhi in 1398 and returned to Samarkand via Jammu. Raja Bhim Dev is prominently mentioned in the Delhi chronicles as a supporter of Mubarah Shah ({{reign|1421|1434}}) against Jasrat.{{sfn|Charak & Billwaria, Pahāṛi Styles of Indian Murals|1998|pp=6–7}} Between 1423 and 1442, Jammu came under control of Jasrat ({{reign|1405|1442}}) who conquered it after killing his arch-enemy Bhim Dev in 1423. Later, Jasrat appointed Manik Dev (also known as Ajeo Dev) as vassal, and married his daughter.{{Cite book |last=Charak |first=Sukh Dev Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhtIAAAAIAAJ&q=A+Short+History+of+Jammu+Raj |title=A Short History of Jammu Raj: From Earliest Times to 1846 A.D. |date=1985 |publisher=Ajaya Prakashan |language=en|pages=76–78}} In the Mughal chronicles of Babur in the early 16th century, Jammu is mentioned as a powerful state in the Punjab hills. It is said to have been ruled by Manhas Rajputs. Emperor Akbar brought the hill kingdoms of the region under Mughal suzerainty, but the kings enjoyed considerable political autonomy. In addition to Jammu, other kingdoms of the region such as Kishtwar and Rajauri were also prominently mentioned. It is evident that the Mughal empire treated these hill chiefs as allies and partners in the empire.{{sfn|Jigar Mohammad, Raja Ranjit Dev's Inclusive Policies|2010|pp=40–42}}

File:Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg of Jammu and Kashmir]]

File:Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh (1895 - 1961).jpg (1895 - 1961)]]

After the decline of the Mughal power in the 18th century, the Jammu state under Raja Dhruv Dev of the Jamuwal (Jamwal) family asserted its supremacy among the Dugar states. Its ascent reached its peak under his successor, Raja Ranjit Dev (r. 1728–1780), who was widely respected among the hill states.{{sfn|Jeratha, Dogra Legends of Art & Culture|1998|p=187}}{{sfn|Panikkar, Gulab Singh|1930|p=10}} Ranjit Dev promoted religious freedom and security, which attracted many craftsmen and traders to settle in Jammu, contributing to its economic prosperity.{{sfn|Rai, Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects|2004|pp=94–95}}

Towards the end of Ranjit Dev's rule, the Sikh clans of Punjab (misls) gained ascendency, and Jammu began to be contested by the Bhangi, Kanhaiya and Sukerchakia misls. Around 1770, the Bhangi misl attacked Jammu and forced Ranjit Dev to become a tributary. Brij Lal Dev, Ranjit Dev's successor, was defeated by the Sukerchakia chief Mahan Singh, who sacked Jammu and plundered it. Thus Jammu lost its supremacy over the surrounding country. In the Battle of Rumal, the Jammu ruler was killed by Sikhs.{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12482/page/n41/mode/2up|title=Indian Conquest of the Himalayan Territories|author=Sukhdev Singh Charak|date=1978|pages=37|publisher=Ajaya Prakashan, Jammu }}{{sfn|Panikkar, Gulab Singh|1930|p=10–12}}

In 1808, Jammu itself was annexed to the Sikh Empire by Ranjit Singh, the son of Mahan Singh.{{sfn|Panikkar, Gulab Singh|1930|p=15–16}}

In 1818 Raja Kishore Singh, father of Raja Gulab Singh, was appointed and anointed the ruler of Jammu principality, and hence started the Jamwal dynasty, aka Dogra dynasty, which came to rule the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under British suzerainty. The rulers built large temples, renovated old shrines, built educational institutes and many more. A 43 km long railway line connecting Jammu with Sialkot was laid in 1897{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_055.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 14, page 49 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}

Jammu has historically been the capital of Jammu Province and the winter capital of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952).

After the partition of India, Jammu continues as the winter capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

1. Battle of Jammu (1712)
2. Battle of Jammu (1774)
3. Battle of Rumal{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n349/mode/2up?q=1772|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls|author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=1982|pages=339–340}}
4. Battle of Jammu (1808){{citation |title=General Hari Singh Nalwa |last=Sandhu |first=Autar Singh |year=1935 |publisher=Cunningham Historical Society |location=Lahore |url=http://www.apnaorg.com/books/english/hari-singh-nalwa/book.php?fldr=book }}

Jammu, like the rest of north-western India, features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with extreme summer highs reaching {{convert|46|C|F}}, and temperatures in the winter months occasionally falling below {{convert|4|C|F}}. June is the hottest month with average highs of {{convert|40.6|C|F}}, while January is the coldest month with average lows reaching {{convert|7|C|F}}. Average yearly precipitation is about {{convert|1400|mm|in|abbr=on}} with the bulk of the rainfall in the months from June to September, although the winters can also be rather wet. In winter dense smog causes much inconvenience and temperature even drops to {{convert|2|C|F}}. In summer, particularly in May and June, extremely intense sunlight or hot winds can raise the temperature to {{convert|46|C|F}}. Following the hot season, the monsoon lashes the city with heavy downpours along with thunderstorms; rainfall may total up to {{cvt|669|mm|in}} in the wettest months. The city is exposed to heatwaves.{{clarify|date=April 2020}}

Highest recorded temperature: {{Convert|47.4|C|F|abbr=on}} on 31 May 1988.{{cite web |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Jammu |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/India/XLS/JAMMU_42056.xlsx |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA |access-date=22 March 2024 |format=XLSX |quote=WMO number: 42056}}

Lowest recorded temperature: {{Convert|0.5|C|F|abbr=on}} on 24 January 2016.

{{Weather box

|width = auto

| collapsed =

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Jammu (1991–2020, extremes 1925–2020)

| Jan record high C = 28.0

| Feb record high C = 31.7

| Mar record high C = 37.3

| Apr record high C = 43.9

| May record high C = 47.4

| Jun record high C = 47.2

| Jul record high C = 45.0

| Aug record high C = 41.7

| Sep record high C = 39.2

| Oct record high C = 37.9

| Nov record high C = 34.2

| Dec record high C = 28.5

|year record high C = 47.4

| Jan high C = 18.1

| Feb high C = 21.5

| Mar high C = 26.6

| Apr high C = 32.7

| May high C = 37.6

| Jun high C = 38.3

| Jul high C = 34.3

| Aug high C = 33.1

| Sep high C = 32.8

| Oct high C = 31.1

| Nov high C = 26.4

| Dec high C = 21.1

|year high C = 29.5

| Jan low C = 7.3

| Feb low C = 10.2

| Mar low C = 14.5

| Apr low C = 19.7

| May low C = 24.3

| Jun low C = 26.1

| Jul low C = 25.5

| Aug low C = 24.9

| Sep low C = 23.2

| Oct low C = 18.4

| Nov low C = 13.0

| Dec low C = 8.7

|year low C = 18.0

| Jan record low C = 0.5

| Feb record low C = 1.1

| Mar record low C = 4.4

| Apr record low C = 8.5

| May record low C = 9.8

| Jun record low C = 16.6

| Jul record low C = 14.0

| Aug record low C = 15.0

| Sep record low C = 15.0

| Oct record low C = 11.3

| Nov record low C = 6.1

| Dec record low C = 0.9

|year record low C = 0.5

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm =67.9

| Feb rain mm =74.6

| Mar rain mm =64.1

| Apr rain mm =41.4

| May rain mm =22.5

| Jun rain mm =109.5

| Jul rain mm =416.5

| Aug rain mm =403.1

| Sep rain mm =144.8

| Oct rain mm =23.5

| Nov rain mm =12.2

| Dec rain mm =21.9

| year rain mm =1401.9

| Jan rain days =3.5

| Feb rain days =4.3

| Mar rain days =4.3

| Apr rain days =2.8

| May rain days =2.4

| Jun rain days =6.0

| Jul rain days =13.2

| Aug rain days =12.3

| Sep rain days =6.0

| Oct rain days =1.6

| Nov rain days =0.9

| Dec rain days =1.5

| year rain days =59.0

| time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity =66

| Feb humidity =57

| Mar humidity =51

| Apr humidity =38

| May humidity =31

| Jun humidity =41

| Jul humidity =66

| Aug humidity =72

| Sep humidity =68

| Oct humidity =58

| Nov humidity =63

| Dec humidity =69

| year humidity =57

| source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = 8 April 2024

}}

}}

File:NE Aerial Jammu Tawi Rly Station Jul24 A7CR 01922.jpg station]]

Jammu city has a railway station called Jammu Tawi (station code JAT) that is connected with major cities of India. The old railway link to Sialkot was suspended by Pakistan in September 1947, and Jammu had no rail services until 1971, when the Indian Railways laid the Pathankot-Jammu Tawi Broad Gauge line. The new Jammu Tawi station opened in October 1972 and is an origination point for express trains.

With the commencement of the Jammu–Baramulla line, all trains to the Kashmir Valley will pass through Jammu Tawi. A part of the Jammu–Baramulla project has been executed and the track has been extended to Katra. Jalandhar - Pathankot-Jammu Tawi section has been doubled and electrified.

In January 2025, the Jammu Division of Indian Railways was inaugurated. The new division will create employment opportunities, infrastructure development, promote tourism and lead to overall socio-economic development of the region.{{Cite news |title=PM Modi to inaugurate Jammu railway division, terminal station in Telangana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-jammu-railway-division-terminal-station-in-telangana/article69065376.ece |work=The Hindu |agency=PTI |issn=0971-751X |date=5 January 2025 |access-date=7 January 2025}}

National Highway 44 which passes through Jammu connects it to the Kashmir valley. National Highway 1B connects Jammu with Poonch town. Jammu is {{convert|80|km|mi}} from Kathua town, while it is {{convert|68|km|mi}} from Udhampur city. The famous pilgrimage town of Katra is {{convert|49|km|mi}} from Jammu.

Jammu Airport is in the middle of Jammu. It has direct flights to Srinagar, Delhi, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Leh, Mumbai and Bengaluru. Jammu Airport operates daily 30 arrival and departure of flights which are served by Air India, SpiceJet, and IndiGo.

The city has JKSRTC city buses and minibusses for local transport which run on some defined routes. These minibusses are called "Matadors". Besides this auto-rickshaw and cycle-rickshaw service is also available. Local taxis are also available.

{{See also|Darbar Move}}

File:Tawi Bridges River Jammu Aerial Jul24 A7CR 01909.jpg

Jammu city serves as the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir state from November to April when all the offices move from Srinagar to Jammu. Srinagar serves as the summer capital from May to October.{{cite web

|url = http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/pdf/Moving_Emp.pdf

|title = Scheme for voting by postal ballot by a person holding any office under the Govt. and verified to be moving along with the headquarters of the Govt. from Kashmir Province to Jammu Province or vice-versa.

|publisher = Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir

|access-date = 8 December 2008

|page=1

|quote=...the State Govt. functions for six months (November to April) in the winter capital Jammu after which it moves to the summer capital Srinagar...}} Jammu was a municipal committee during 2001 census of India. With effect from 5 September 2003, it has upgraded status of a municipal corporation.{{cite web

|url=http://jmc.nic.in/jmc.html

|title=History of Jammu Municipal Corporation

|publisher=Official website of Jammu Municipal Corporation

|access-date=4 December 2008 |url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410050036/http://jmc.nic.in/jmc.html

|archive-date=10 April 2009 }}

Jammu city is the main cultural and economic centre of the administrative division of Jammu. A famous local basmati rice is produced in the RS Pura area near Jammu, and processed in rice mills in Jammu. The industrial estate at Bari Brahamna has a large presence of industrial units manufacturing a variety of products including carpets and electronic goods.

{{Main|Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir}}

Tourism is the largest industry in Jammu city. It is also a focal point for the pilgrims going to Vaishno Devi and Kashmir valley as it is second last railway terminal in North India. All the routes leading to Kashmir, Poonch, Doda and Laddakh start from Jammu city. So throughout the year, the city remains full of people from all the parts of India. Places of interest include old historic palaces like Mubarak Mandi Palace, Purani Mandi, Rani Park, Amar Mahal, Bahu Fort, Raghunath Temple, Ranbireshwar Temple, Karbala, Peer Meetha, Old city.

File:Bahu Fort 01.JPG|Bahu Fort

File:Historical architecture.jpg|Mubarak Mandi Palace

File:Amar Mahal Palace1.JPG|Amar Mahal

File:Raghunath Temple Jammu.JPG|Raghunath Temple

{{bar box

|title=Religion in Jammu City{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/jammu/jammu/jammu-mcorp-og-population.html|title=Jammu City Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021|archive-date=16 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416214521/https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/jammu/jammu/jammu-mcorp-og-population.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/3-jammu.html|title=Jammu City Population Census 2011-2019 | Jammu and Kashmir|website=www.census2011.co.in}}

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=right

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|81.19}}

{{bar percent|Sikhism|darkkhaki|8.83}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|7.95}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|1.35}}

{{bar percent|Others|lightgrey|0.28}}

}}

As of 2011 census,{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=7318|publisher=Census of India|title=Jammu Municipal Corporation Demographics|access-date=25 April 2017}} the population of Jammu city was 502,197. Males constituted 52.7% of the population; females numbered constituted 47.3% of the population. The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males against the national average of 940. Jammu had an average literacy rate of 89.66%, much higher than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy was 93.13% and female literacy was 85.82%. 8.47% of the population were under 6 years of age. The urban agglomeration of Jammu had a population of 657,314.{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/India-JammuKashmir.html|title=Jammu & Kashmir (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|work=City Population|access-date=25 April 2017}} Most of Jammu and Kashmir's Hindus live in the Jammu region; many speak Dogri.{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|title=Jammu and Kashmir|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=21 May 2023 }}

File:Malika Pukhraj (1912-2004) in 1920s.jpg in 1920s]]

{{main|1947 Jammu massacres}}

The city of Jammu had a significant Muslim population prior to the Partition of India, 30 per cent by the 1941 census.{{cite web |last=Wreford |first=R.G. |title=Jammu and Kashmir, Parts I and II |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.503972/page/n115/mode/1up |work=1941 Census of India |pages=102, 103 |via=archive.org}} During the 1947 Jammu massacres, which preceded and continued during the Pakistan tribal invasion of Kashmir, many Muslims were killed and many driven away to Pakistan.{{Cite news|url=http://www.kashmirlife.net/jammu-1947-issue-35-vol-07-89728/|title=Jammu 1947|last=Ved Bhasin|author-link=Ved Bhasin|date=17 November 2015|newspaper=Kashmir Life|access-date=4 June 2017}}{{sfn|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath|2009|p=182, 183}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmA0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA149|title=Revisiting India's Partition: New Essays on Memory, Culture, and Politics|last1=Singh|first1=Amritjit|last2=Iyer|first2=Nalini|last3=Gairola|first3=Rahul K.|date=15 June 2016|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9781498531054|pages=149|language=en}}

After the conflict ended, many of the displaced Muslims returned and resettled back in the state.{{harvnb|Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2|2015|p=481}}: "Towards the middle of 1949, a movement for return started on a small scale which gained momentum by the end of 1950. A fair estimate of the returnees is about a hundred thousand. Sheikh Abdullah's Government re-settled them on their abandoned properties, advanced taqqavi loans and appointed a special staff to look after their problems."{{citation |title=Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–50: An Account of Activities of First Three Years of Sheikh Abdullah's Government |page=90 |year=1951 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jjHHO3z_1_wC |publisher=Printed at the Ranbir Government Press}} Others settled in Sialkot District and other parts of Pakistani Punjab. Many prominent Punjabi residents in Pakistan, including politician Chaudhry Amir Hussain, economist Mahbub ul Haq, Air Marshal Asghar Khan, journalist Khalid Hasan and singer Malika Pukhraj were from Jammu.{{sfn|Luv Puri, Across the Line of Control|2012|pp=3, 31}} In 1961, about 17 per cent of the population in the city was Muslim.{{cite web|last=Kamili|first=H.M.|title=Jammu and Kashmir, District Census Handbook, 7, Jammu District|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5856/1/22166_1961_JAM.pdf|work=1961 Census of India|publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Government|page=42}}{{sfn|Luv Puri, Across the Line of Control|2012|p=30}}

file:Common Lecture halls ,GCET Jammu.jpg]]

In the 2014–2015 General Budget of India, Arun Jaitley, the Finance Minister of India, proposed an Indian Institute of Technology and an Indian Institute of Management for the division. List of some educational institutions is provided below.

• Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
• Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
• Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
• Yogananda College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
• University Institute of Engineering and Technology, University of Jammu

• Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR
• Government Medical College, Jammu

• Kishen Chand Law College, Jammu
• Dogra Law College, Jammu
• Calliope School of Legal Studies, Jammu
• R. K. Law College, Jammu

• Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu
• Govt. MAM PG College, Jammu

• Central University of Jammu
• Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
• University of Jammu

• Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bantalab
• Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sunjuwan

File:Famous Kalaadi of Ramnagar.jpg]]

Jammu is known for its sund panjeeri, patisa, rajma with rice and Kalari cheese. Dogri food specialties include ambal, khatta meat, kulthein di dal, dal patt, maa da madra, rajma, and {{lang|mis|italic=no|auriya}}. Pickles typical of Jammu are made of kasrod, {{lang|mis|italic=no|girgle}}, mango with saunf, jimikand, {{lang|mis|italic=no|tyaoo}}, {{lang|mis|italic=no|seyoo}}, and potatoes. Auriya is a dish made with potatoes. Jammu cuisine features various chaats, especially gol gappas, kachalu, Chole bhature, gulgule, rajma kulche and dahi palla, among various others.{{cite web|url=http://citypincode.in/JAMMU_AND_KASHMIR/JAMMU |title=Jammu Pincode |publisher=citypincode.in |access-date=19 May 2014}}

{{main|Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus}}

Being comparatively safe from terrorism, Jammu city has become a hub of refugees. These primarily include Kashmiri Hindus who migrated from Kashmir Valley in 1989. Hindus from Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir who migrated to India have also settled in Jammu city. According to records, approximately 31,619 Hindu families had migrated from Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir to India. Of these 26,319 families are settled in Jammu.{{cite web |title=Press Information Bureau Government of India |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1656969®=3&lang=1 |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Government of India |access-date=6 January 2025}}

{{main|2015 Rohingya refugee crisis}}

Rohingyas who fled Myanmar during 2016 have also currently settled in Jammu.{{Cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/as-jammu-becomes-home-for-refugees-from-four-communities-state-govt-has-to-deal-with-complex-issue-of-rights-4980561.html |title=As Jammu becomes home for refugees from four communities, govt has to deal with complex issue of rights |last=Sharma |first=Arjun |date=16 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2019}}{{Cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1246_land/page9.shtml |title=Paradise Lost - the Kashmiri Pandits |last=Sharma |first=Shivani |access-date=28 February 2019}} Some believes the settlements of Rohingya Muslims have also raised security threats in Jammu.{{Cite news |url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/demographic-changes-make-jammu-ticking-time-bomb/ |title=Demographic changes make Jammu a "Ticking Time Bomb" |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=11 January 2017 |access-date=21 March 2019 |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/columnists/rohingya-refugees--a-threat-to-jammu.html |title=Rohingya refugees: A threat to Jammu |last=Jain |first=Sandhya |access-date=21 March 2019 |work=The Pioneer |date=15 May 2018 |language=en}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/demographic-changes-in-assam-bengal-j-k-kerala-aided-rise-of-fundamentalist-forces-himanta-119021901313_1.html |title=Demographic changes in Assam, Bengal, J&K, Kerala aided rise of fundamentalist forces: Himanta |last=IANS |date=19 February 2019 |work=Business Standard India |access-date=21 March 2019}} During the 2018 Sunjuwan attack, intelligence agencies suspected but did not prove involvement of Rohingya Muslims in the attack.{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/-illegal-settlement-of-rohingya-to-be-probed-by-security-agencies/724545.html |title='Illegal settlement' of Rohingya to be probed by security agencies |last=Sharma |first=Arteev |quote=After terror attack on the Sunjuwan military station in February last year, Rohingya again came under the radar of security agencies as their alleged role in assisting militants was probed. However, their involvement has not been established as yet. |date=6 February 2019 |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321184943/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/-illegal-settlement-of-rohingya-to-be-probed-by-security-agencies/724545.html |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/examining-indias-stance-on-the-rohingya-crisis/ |title=Examining India's stance on the Rohingya crisis |last=Yhome |first=K. |access-date=21 March 2019 |language=en-US |quote=In early February 2018, a terrorist attack on an army camp in Sunjuwan of Jammu city sparked a debate on the involvement of Rohingyas as many had settled around the camp.}}{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Bharti |last2=Dua |first2=Rohan |title=Sunjuwan Attack: After intelligence inputs, forces were told to be on alert |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-intelligence-inputs-forces-were-told-to-be-on-alert/articleshow/62868233.cms |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=11 February 2018 |language=en}}

• Maulana Abdur Rahman, member of the 2nd Lok Sabha

{{Reflist}}

• {{citation |last=Bamzai |first=P. N. K. |author-link=P. N. K. Bamzai |title=Culture and Political History of Kashmir: Ancient Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1eMfzTBcXcYC&pg=PA13 |date=1994 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-85880-31-0 |ref={{sfnref|Bamzai, Culture and Political History of Kashmir|1994}}}}
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{{commons category|Jammu (city)}}

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{{Jammu district}}

{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}{{Authority control}}

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Category:Cities and towns in Jammu district

Category:Indian capital cities

Category:Capitals of former nations

Category:Former capital cities in India

Category:Cities in Jammu and Kashmir