January–March 2022 in science#January

This article lists a number of significant events in science that have occurred in the first quarter of 2022.

Events

=January=

1 January – Israel reports, for the first time, a case of flurona, a rare mixture of coronavirus and influenza infections.{{cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Sravasti |title=Israel reports first case of 'flurona' – rare double infection of Covid and influenza - Doctors say it was diagnosed in young pregnant woman but suspect there are more cases in country |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-flurona-coronavirus-covid-influenza-b1985281.html |date=1 January 2022 |work=The Independent |accessdate=1 January 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101124333/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-flurona-coronavirus-covid-influenza-b1985281.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Nadeau |first=Barbie Latza |title=2022's Hottest New Illness: Flurona |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/2022s-hottest-new-illness-is-flurona |date=3 January 2022 |work=The Daily Beast |accessdate=3 January 2022 |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103122635/https://www.thedailybeast.com/2022s-hottest-new-illness-is-flurona |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Hassan |first=Jennifer |title=What is 'flurona'? Coronavirus and influenza co-infections reported as omicron surges. - Cases have been detected in countries including United States, Israel, Brazil, the Philippines and Hungary. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/01/05/flurona-coronavirus-flu-symptoms/ |date=5 January 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=5 January 2022 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105155314/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/01/05/flurona-coronavirus-flu-symptoms/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Nierenberg |first=Amelia |title=Can You Get the Flu and Covid at the Same Time? - Yes, you can get "flurona." But it's probably not as bad as it sounds. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/07/well/live/flu-covid-same-time.html |date=7 January 2022 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=7 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107160915/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/07/well/live/flu-covid-same-time.html |archive-date=7 January 2022 |url-status=live }}

File:Academic papers by discipline (visualization of 2012–2021 OpenAlex data; v2).png about over 200 million scientific documents is launched.
The graphs visualize recent developments of science based on this data.{{cite web |title=Open Alex Data Evolution |url=https://observablehq.com/@napsternxg/open-alex-data-evolution |website=observablehq.com |date=8 February 2022 |access-date=18 February 2022}}]]

File:Heart_transplant.jpg heart transplant, from a genetically modified pig to a human patient, is reported.]]

3 January – OpenAlex, a free online index of over 200 million scientific documents – each with metadata such as sources, citations, author information and research topics – is launched. The API and open source website can be used for metascience, scientometrics and novel tools that query this semantic web of papers.{{cite news |last1=Singh Chawla |first1=Dalmeet |title=Massive open index of scholarly papers launches |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00138-y |access-date=14 February 2022 |journal=Nature |date=24 January 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00138-y}}{{cite news |title=OpenAlex: The Promising Alternative to Microsoft Academic Graph |url=https://library.smu.edu.sg/topics-insights/openalex-promising-alternative-microsoft-academic-graph |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=Singapore Management University (SMU) |language=en}}{{cite web |title=OpenAlex Documentation |url=https://docs.openalex.org/ |access-date=18 February 2022}}
5 January – Scientists show how antibiotic resistance also evolves naturally, without and before the use of antibiotics.{{cite news |title=Hedgehogs are the cutest reminder that we shouldn't overuse antibiotics |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/what-hedgehogs-can-teach-us-about-antibiotic-resistance |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=PBS NewsHour |date=3 February 2022 |language=en-us}}{{cite journal |last1=Larsen |first1=Jesper |display-authors=et al. |title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics |journal=Nature |date=February 2022 |volume=602 |issue=7895 |pages=135–141 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w |pmid=34987223 |pmc=8810379 |bibcode=2022Natur.602..135L |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
6 January
The global atmospheric methane concentration exceeds 1,900 parts per billion (ppb) for the first time in human history.{{cite news |last1=Tollefson |first1=Jeff |title=Scientists raise alarm over 'dangerously fast' growth in atmospheric methane |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00312-2 |access-date=12 February 2022 |journal=Nature |date=8 February 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00312-2}}
Astronomers report the first direct detection of pre-supernova activity in a red supergiant star before a Type II supernova (SN 2020tlf).{{cite news |title=Astronomers capture red supergiant's death throes |url=https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2022/01/astronomers-capture-red-supergiants-death-throes/&fj=1 |date=6 January 2022 |work=Northwestern University |accessdate=7 January 2022 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106205420/https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2022/01/astronomers-capture-red-supergiants-death-throes/%26fj%3D1 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |title=Final Moments. I. Precursor Emission, Envelope Inflation, and Enhanced Mass Loss Preceding the Luminous Type II Supernova 2020tlf |date=6 January 2022 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac3f3a |last1=Jacobson-Galán |first1=W. V. |last2=Dessart |first2=L. |last3=Jones |first3=D. O. |last4=Margutti |first4=R. |last5=Coppejans |first5=D. L. |last6=Dimitriadis |first6=G. |last7=Foley |first7=R. J. |last8=Kilpatrick |first8=C. D. |last9=Matthews |first9=D. J. |last10=Rest |first10=S. |last11=Terreran |first11=G. |last12=Aleo |first12=P. D. |last13=Auchettl |first13=K. |last14=Blanchard |first14=P. K. |last15=Coulter |first15=D. A. |last16=Davis |first16=K. W. |last17=De Boer |first17=T. J. L. |last18=Demarchi |first18=L. |last19=Drout |first19=M. R. |last20=Earl |first20=N. |last21=Gagliano |first21=A. |last22=Gall |first22=C. |last23=Hjorth |first23=J. |last24=Huber |first24=M. E. |last25=Ibik |first25=A. L. |last26=Milisavljevic |first26=D. |last27=Pan |first27=Y.-C. |last28=Rest |first28=A. |last29=Ridden-Harper |first29=R. |last30=Rojas-Bravo |first30=C. |volume=924 |issue=1 |page=15 |arxiv=2109.12136 |bibcode=2022ApJ...924...15J |s2cid=237940678 |display-authors=1 |doi-access=free }}
Scientists report the development of sensors to gather and identify DNA of animals from air (airborne eDNA).{{cite news |title=Scientists vacuumed animal DNA out of thin air for the first time |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/animal-dna-air-scientist-vacuum-first-time-zoo |access-date=29 January 2022 |work=Science News |date=18 January 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Clare |first1=Elizabeth L. |last2=Economou |first2=Chloe K. |last3=Bennett |first3=Frances J. |last4=Dyer |first4=Caitlin E. |last5=Adams |first5=Katherine |last6=McRobie |first6=Benjamin |last7=Drinkwater |first7=Rosie |last8=Littlefair |first8=Joanne E. |title=Measuring biodiversity from DNA in the air |journal=Current Biology |date=7 February 2022 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=693–700.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.064 |pmid=34995488 |s2cid=245772825 |language=en |issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Lynggaard |first1=Christina |last2=Bertelsen |first2=Mads Frost |last3=Jensen |first3=Casper V. |last4=Johnson |first4=Matthew S. |last5=Frøslev |first5=Tobias Guldberg |last6=Olsen |first6=Morten Tange |last7=Bohmann |first7=Kristine |title=Airborne environmental DNA for terrestrial vertebrate community monitoring |journal=Current Biology |date=7 February 2022 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=701–707.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.014 |pmid=34995490 |pmc=8837273 |language=en |issn=0960-9822}}
7 January – Progress in cancer pre-screening, screening and early detection is reported: metabolomic biomarkers in blood (4 J.),{{cite news |title=New blood test can tell if cancer has spread around the body |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/new-blood-test-can-tell-if-cancer-has-spread-around-the-body/ |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=BBC Science Focus Magazine |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Larkin |first1=James R. |last2=Anthony |first2=Susan |last3=Johanssen |first3=Vanessa A. |last4=Yeo |first4=Tianrong |last5=Sealey |first5=Megan |last6=Yates |first6=Abi G. |last7=Smith |first7=Claire Friedemann |last8=Claridge |first8=Timothy D. W. |last9=Nicholson |first9=Brian D. |last10=Moreland |first10=Julie-Ann |last11=Gleeson |first11=Fergus |last12=Sibson |first12=Nicola R. |last13=Anthony |first13=Daniel C. |last14=Probert |first14=Fay |title=Metabolomic Biomarkers in Blood Samples Identify Cancers in a Mixed Population of Patients with Nonspecific Symptoms |journal=Clinical Cancer Research |date=4 January 2022 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1651–1661 |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-2855 |pmid=34983789 |pmc=7613224 |s2cid=245703989 |language=en |issn=1078-0432}} circulating protein biomarkers (7 J.),{{cite news |title=Blood test helps predict who may benefit from lung cancer screening: Prediction model with blood test significantly improves lung cancer risk assessment compared to current guidelines |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220107160509.htm |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=ScienceDaily |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Fahrmann |first1=Johannes F. |last2=Marsh |first2=Tracey |last3=Irajizad |first3=Ehsan |last4=Patel |first4=Nikul |last5=Murage |first5=Eunice |last6=Vykoukal |first6=Jody |last7=Dennison |first7=Jennifer B. |last8=Do |first8=Kim-Anh |last9=Ostrin |first9=Edwin |last10=Spitz |first10=Margaret R. |last11=Lam |first11=Stephen |last12=Shete |first12=Sanjay |last13=Meza |first13=Rafael |last14=Tammemägi |first14=Martin C. |last15=Feng |first15=Ziding |last16=Hanash |first16=Samir M. |title=Blood-Based Biomarker Panel for Personalized Lung Cancer Risk Assessment |journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology |date=7 January 2022 |volume=40 |issue=8 |pages=876–883 |doi=10.1200/JCO.21.01460 |pmid=34995129 |pmc=8906454 |language=EN }} and an optical biopsy system with a fine-needle probe (6 J.).{{cite news |title=Optical biopsy system aims to improve liver cancer diagnosis |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/optical-biopsy-system-aims-to-improve-liver-cancer-diagnosis/ |work=Physics World |date=1 February 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Zherebtsov |first1=Evgenii A. |last2=Potapova |first2=Elena V. |last3=Mamoshin |first3=Andrian V. |last4=Shupletsov |first4=Valery V. |last5=Kandurova |first5=Ksenia Y. |last6=Dremin |first6=Viktor V. |last7=Abramov |first7=Andrey Y. |last8=Dunaev |first8=Andrey V. |title=Fluorescence lifetime needle optical biopsy discriminates hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Biomedical Optics Express |date=1 February 2022 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=633–646 |doi=10.1364/BOE.447687|pmid=35284175 |pmc=8884204 }}
10 January
The first successful xenogeneic heart transplant, from a genetically modified pig to a human patient, is reported in the United States.{{cite news|date=10 January 2022|title=University of Maryland School of Medicine Faculty Scientists and Clinicians Perform Historic First Successful Transplant of Porcine Heart into Adult Human with End-Stage Heart Disease|url=https://www.umms.org/ummc/news/2022/first-successful-transplant-of-porcine-heart-into-adult-human-heart|work=University of Maryland Medical Center|access-date=11 January 2022|archive-date=10 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110224741/https://www.umms.org/ummc/news/2022/first-successful-transplant-of-porcine-heart-into-adult-human-heart|url-status=live}}{{cite news|date=10 January 2022|title=Man gets genetically-modified pig heart in world-first transplant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-59944889|work=BBC News|access-date=11 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117073855/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-59944889|url-status=live}}
Researchers build upon previous studies documenting biodiversity loss to confirm that a sixth mass extinction event, entirely caused by anthropogenic activity, is currently underway.{{cite news |last=Sankaran |first=Vishwam |date=January 17, 2022 |title=Study confirms sixth mass extinction is currently underway, caused by humans |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/sixth-mass-extinction-global-biodiversity-b1994346.html |work=The Independent |location= |access-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117205431/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/sixth-mass-extinction-global-biodiversity-b1994346.html |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Cowie |first1=Robert H. |last2=Bouchet |first2=Philippe |last3=Fontaine |first3=Benoît |date=2022 |title=The Sixth Mass Extinction: fact, fiction or speculation? |journal=Biological Reviews |volume= 97|issue= 2|pages= 640–663|doi=10.1111/brv.12816 |pmid=35014169 |pmc=9786292 |s2cid=245889833 }}
A study quantifies climate change mitigation potentials of 'high-income' nations shifting diets – away from meat consumption – and restoration of the land.{{cite news |title=How plant-based diets not only reduce our carbon footprint, but also increase carbon capture |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-01-plant-based-diets-carbon-footprint-capture.html |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=Leiden University |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Zhongxiao |last2=Scherer |first2=Laura |last3=Tukker |first3=Arnold |last4=Spawn-Lee |first4=Seth A. |last5=Bruckner |first5=Martin |last6=Gibbs |first6=Holly K. |last7=Behrens |first7=Paul |title=Dietary change in high-income nations alone can lead to substantial double climate dividend |journal=Nature Food |date=January 2022 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=29–37 |doi=10.1038/s43016-021-00431-5 |pmid=37118487 |s2cid=245867412 |language=en |issn=2662-1355 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357723207 |url-access=subscription}}
11 January
The first known deformation of an exoplanet is detected by the CHEOPS mission, which finds that WASP-103b is being strongly influenced by its parent star's close proximity, making the planet shaped like an ellipsoid instead of a sphere.{{cite news|date=11 January 2022|title=Cheops reveals a rugby ball-shaped exoplanet|url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cheops/Cheops_reveals_a_rugby_ball-shaped_exoplanet|work=ESA|access-date=12 January 2022|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111222117/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cheops/Cheops_reveals_a_rugby_ball-shaped_exoplanet|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Barros |first1=S. C. C. |last2=Akinsanmi |first2=B. |last3=Boué |first3=G. |display-authors=et al. |title=Detection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at 3 σ with CHEOPS |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |date=1 January 2022 |volume=657 |pages=A52 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202142196 |arxiv=2201.03328 |bibcode=2022A&A...657A..52B |s2cid=244757273 |language=en |issn=0004-6361}}
A study reports the likely detection of an extreme SEP event that hit Earth ~9000 years ago and, unlike known Solar storms, unexpectedly happened near a Solar minimum.{{cite news |title=Ancient ice reveals mysterious solar storm |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-01-ancient-ice-reveals-mysterious-solar.html |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=Lund University |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Paleari |first1=Chiara I. |last2=Mekhaldi |first2=Florian |last3=Adolphi |first3=Florian |last4=Christl |first4=Marcus |last5=Vockenhuber |first5=Christof |last6=Gautschi |first6=Philip |last7=Beer |first7=Jürg |last8=Brehm |first8=Nicolas |last9=Erhardt |first9=Tobias |last10=Synal |first10=Hans-Arno |last11=Wacker |first11=Lukas |last12=Wilhelms |first12=Frank |last13=Muscheler |first13=Raimund |title=Cosmogenic radionuclides reveal an extreme solar particle storm near a solar minimum 9125 years BP |journal=Nature Communications |date=11 January 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=214 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27891-4 |pmid=35017519 |pmc=8752676 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13..214P |language=en |issn=2041-1723}}

File:Localbubble.png drives nearby young star formation.]]

File:Benzopyrene DNA adduct 1JDG.pngs are shown to not be random – frequency can vary between regions.]]

12 January
A team reports the fastest ever sequencing of a human genome, accomplished in just five hours and two minutes.{{cite news|date=12 January 2022|title=Fastest DNA sequencing technique helps undiagnosed patients find answers in mere hours|url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/01/dna-sequencing-technique.html|work=Stanford|access-date=23 January 2022|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122152226/https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/01/dna-sequencing-technique.html|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Gorzynski |first1=John E. |last2=Goenka |first2=Sneha D. |last3=Shafin |first3=Kishwar |last4=Jensen |first4=Tanner D. |last5=Fisk |first5=Dianna G. |last6=Grove |first6=Megan E. |last7=Spiteri |first7=Elizabeth |last8=Pesout |first8=Trevor |last9=Monlong |first9=Jean |last10=Baid |first10=Gunjan |last11=Bernstein |first11=Jonathan A. |last12=Ceresnak |first12=Scott |last13=Chang |first13=Pi-Chuan |last14=Christle |first14=Jeffrey W. |last15=Chubb |first15=Henry |last16=Dalton |first16=Karen P. |last17=Dunn |first17=Kyla |last18=Garalde |first18=Daniel R. |last19=Guillory |first19=Joseph |last20=Knowles |first20=Joshua W. |last21=Kolesnikov |first21=Alexey |last22=Ma |first22=Michael |last23=Moscarello |first23=Tia |last24=Nattestad |first24=Maria |last25=Perez |first25=Marco |last26=Ruzhnikov |first26=Maura R. Z. |last27=Samadi |first27=Mehrzad |last28=Setia |first28=Ankit |last29=Wright |first29=Chris |last30=Wusthoff |first30=Courtney J. |last31=Xiong |first31=Katherine |last32=Zhu |first32=Tong |last33=Jain |first33=Miten |last34=Sedlazeck |first34=Fritz J. |last35=Carroll |first35=Andrew |last36=Paten |first36=Benedict |last37=Ashley |first37=Euan A. |title=Ultrarapid Nanopore Genome Sequencing in a Critical Care Setting |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=12 January 2022 |volume=386 |issue=7 |pages=700–702 |doi=10.1056/NEJMc2112090 |pmid=35020984 |s2cid=245907257 |language=en |doi-access=free }}
Molecular biologists show that the common assumption that mutations are "random" is wrong – mutation frequency can vary across regions of the genome, with such DNA repair- and mutation-biases being associated with various factors.{{cite news |title=Study challenges evolutionary theory that DNA mutations are random |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-01-evolutionary-theory-dna-mutations-random.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=U.C. Davis |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Monroe |first1=J. Grey |last2=Srikant |first2=Thanvi |last3=Carbonell-Bejerano |first3=Pablo |last4=Becker |first4=Claude |last5=Lensink |first5=Mariele |last6=Exposito-Alonso |first6=Moises |last7=Klein |first7=Marie |last8=Hildebrandt |first8=Julia |last9=Neumann |first9=Manuela |last10=Kliebenstein |first10=Daniel |last11=Weng |first11=Mao-Lun |last12=Imbert |first12=Eric |last13=Ågren |first13=Jon |last14=Rutter |first14=Matthew T. |last15=Fenster |first15=Charles B. |last16=Weigel |first16=Detlef |title=Mutation bias reflects natural selection in Arabidopsis thaliana |journal=Nature |date=February 2022 |volume=602 |issue=7895 |pages=101–105 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04269-6 |pmid=35022609 |pmc=8810380 |bibcode=2022Natur.602..101M |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
Astronomers report, based on new spatial and dynamical constraints, that the Local Bubble, a ~1,000-light-years wide superbubble, is driving nearly all recent star formation near the Sun and that it originates ~14 Myr ago.{{cite news |title=1,000-light-year Wide Bubble Surrounding Earth Is Source Of All Nearby, Young Stars - SCIENMAG: Latest Science And Health News |url=https://scienmag.com/1000-light-year-wide-bubble-surrounding-earth-is-source-of-all-nearby-young-stars/ |access-date=12 February 2022 |date=12 January 2022 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222130830/https://scienmag.com/1000-light-year-wide-bubble-surrounding-earth-is-source-of-all-nearby-young-stars/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite journal |last1=Zucker |first1=Catherine |last2=Goodman |first2=Alyssa A. |last3=Alves |first3=João |last4=Bialy |first4=Shmuel |last5=Foley |first5=Michael |last6=Speagle |first6=Joshua S. |last7=Großschedl |first7=Josefa |last8=Finkbeiner |first8=Douglas P. |last9=Burkert |first9=Andreas |last10=Khimey |first10=Diana |last11=Swiggum |first11=Cameren |title=Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble |journal=Nature |date=January 2022 |volume=601 |issue=7893 |pages=334–337 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04286-5 |pmid=35022612 |arxiv=2201.05124 |bibcode=2022Natur.601..334Z |s2cid=245906333 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
13 January
NASA reports that Earth's global average surface temperature in 2021 was tied with 2018 as the sixth warmest on record, while the past eight years were collectively the warmest years since modern recordkeeping began in 1880.{{cite news|date=13 January 2022|title=2021 Tied for 6th Warmest Year in Continued Trend, NASA Analysis Shows|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/2021-tied-for-6th-warmest-year-in-continued-trend-nasa-analysis-shows|work=NASA|access-date=14 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113235741/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/2021-tied-for-6th-warmest-year-in-continued-trend-nasa-analysis-shows/|url-status=live}}
A study, based on data of millions of military personnel, suggests that the common Epstein-Barr virus is the leading cause of multiple sclerosis.{{cite news |title=Strongest evidence yet that MS is caused by Epstein-Barr virus |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2304340-strongest-evidence-yet-that-ms-is-caused-by-epstein-barr-virus/ |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Bjornevik |first1=Kjetil |last2=Cortese |first2=Marianna |last3=Healy |first3=Brian C. |last4=Kuhle |first4=Jens |last5=Mina |first5=Michael J. |last6=Leng |first6=Yumei |last7=Elledge |first7=Stephen J. |last8=Niebuhr |first8=David W. |last9=Scher |first9=Ann I. |last10=Munger |first10=Kassandra L. |last11=Ascherio |first11=Alberto |title=Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis |journal=Science |date=21 January 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6578 |pages=296–301 |doi=10.1126/science.abj8222 |pmid=35025605 |bibcode=2022Sci...375..296B |s2cid=245983763 |language=EN}}
18 January
Europe's first quantum annealer with more than 5,000 qubits is launched in Jülich, Germany.{{cite news|date=18 January 2022|title=Europe's First Quantum Computer with More Than 5K Qubits Launched at Jülich|url=https://www.hpcwire.com/off-the-wire/europes-first-quantum-computer-with-more-than-5k-qubits-launched-at-julich/|work=HPC Wire|access-date=20 January 2022|archive-date=20 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120070625/https://www.hpcwire.com/off-the-wire/europes-first-quantum-computer-with-more-than-5k-qubits-launched-at-julich/|url-status=live}}
A study suggests and defines a 'planetary boundary' for novel entities such as plastic- and chemical pollution and finds that it has been crossed.{{cite news |title=Chemical pollution has passed safe limit for humanity, say scientists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jan/18/chemical-pollution-has-passed-safe-limit-for-humanity-say-scientists |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=18 January 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Persson |first1=Linn |last2=Carney Almroth |first2=Bethanie M. |last3=Collins |first3=Christopher D. |last4=Cornell |first4=Sarah |last5=de Wit |first5=Cynthia A. |last6=Diamond |first6=Miriam L. |last7=Fantke |first7=Peter |last8=Hassellöv |first8=Martin |last9=MacLeod |first9=Matthew |last10=Ryberg |first10=Morten W. |last11=Søgaard Jørgensen |first11=Peter |last12=Villarrubia-Gómez |first12=Patricia |last13=Wang |first13=Zhanyun |last14=Hauschild |first14=Michael Zwicky |title=Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |date=1 February 2022 |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=1510–1521 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c04158 |pmid=35038861 |pmc=8811958 |bibcode=2022EnST...56.1510P |issn=0013-936X}}
A study for the first time attempts to assess and quantify complete societal costs of cars (i.e. car-use, etc).{{cite journal |last1=Gössling |first1=Stefan |last2=Kees |first2=Jessica |last3=Litman |first3=Todd |title=The lifetime cost of driving a car |journal=Ecological Economics |date=1 April 2022 |volume=194 |pages=107335 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107335 |s2cid=246059536 |language=en |issn=0921-8009|doi-access=free }}
Microbiologists demonstrate an individually adjusted phage-antibiotic combination as an antimicrobial resistance treatment,{{cite news |title=Phage therapies for superbug infections are being tested in Belgium |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2304997-phage-therapies-for-superbug-infections-are-being-tested-in-belgium/ |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Eskenazi |first1=Anaïs |last2=Lood |first2=Cédric |last3=Wubbolts |first3=Julia |last4=Hites |first4=Maya |last5=Balarjishvili |first5=Nana |last6=Leshkasheli |first6=Lika |last7=Askilashvili |first7=Lia |last8=Kvachadze |first8=Leila |last9=van Noort |first9=Vera |last10=Wagemans |first10=Jeroen |last11=Jayankura |first11=Marc |last12=Chanishvili |first12=Nina |last13=de Boer |first13=Mark |last14=Nibbering |first14=Peter |last15=Kutateladze |first15=Mzia |last16=Lavigne |first16=Rob |last17=Merabishvili |first17=Maya |last18=Pirnay |first18=Jean-Paul |title=Combination of pre-adapted bacteriophage therapy and antibiotics for treatment of fracture-related infection due to pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae |journal=Nature Communications |date=18 January 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=302 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27656-z |pmid=35042848 |pmc=8766457 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13..302E |language=en |issn=2041-1723}} calling for scaling up the research{{cite news |title=Mit Viren gegen Bakterien - Bakteriophagen-Therapie als Hoffnung gegen multiresistente Keime |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/bakteriophagen-killen-viren-100.html |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}} and further development of this approach.{{cite news |last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Using a bacteriophage to successfully treat a patient infected with a drug-resistant bacteria |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-01-bacteriophage-successfully-patient-infected-drug-resistant.html |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}

File:Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniaeand neutrophil.jpg contributed to ~5 M deaths in 2019 according to a first global assessment.]]

19 January
In a first global assessment, scientists report, based on medical records, that antibiotic resistance may have contributed to ~4.95 million deaths (1.3 M directly attributed) in 2019, more than e.g. AIDS.{{cite news |title=Antibiotic resistance killed more people than malaria or AIDS in 2019 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2305266-antibiotic-resistance-killed-more-people-than-malaria-or-aids-in-2019/ |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |author=Christopher JL Murray |display-authors=et al. |title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis |journal=The Lancet |date=12 February 2022 |volume=399 |issue=10325 |pages=629–655 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0 |pmid=35065702 |pmc=8841637 |language=English |issn=0140-6736}} Increased antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate this global health challenge.{{cite news |title=Has COVID-19 made the superbug crisis worse?|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8602057/has-covid-19-made-the-superbug-crisis-worse/ |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=Global News}}{{cite journal |last1=Lucien |first1=Mentor Ali Ber |last2=Canarie |first2=Michael F. |last3=Kilgore |first3=Paul E. |last4=Jean-Denis |first4=Gladzdin |last5=Fénélon |first5=Natael |last6=Pierre |first6=Manise |last7=Cerpa |first7=Mauricio |last8=Joseph |first8=Gerard A. |last9=Maki |first9=Gina |last10=Zervos |first10=Marcus J. |last11=Dely |first11=Patrick |last12=Boncy |first12=Jacques |last13=Sati |first13=Hatim |last14=Rio |first14=Ana del |last15=Ramon-Pardo |first15=Pilar |title=Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the COVID-19 era: Perspective from resource-limited settings |journal=International Journal of Infectious Diseases |date=March 2021 |volume=104 |pages=250–254 |doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.087 |pmid=33434666 |pmc=7796801 |language=en}}
A report recommends a number of measures such as, broadly described, building resilience to scientific misinformation and a healthy online information environment and not having offending content removed.{{cite web |title=Royal Society cautions against censorship of scientific misinformation online|work=The Royal Society|url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2022/01/scientific-misinformation-report/ |access-date=12 February 2022}}
20 January – UNESCO announces a major new coral reef off the coast of Tahiti, stretching 3 km and in "pristine" condition, discovered by marine biologists as part of the Seabed 2030 Project.{{cite news|date=20 January 2022|title=Giant pristine coral reef discovered off Tahiti|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-60047368|work=BBC News|access-date=20 January 2022|archive-date=20 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120052105/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-60047368|url-status=live}}{{cite news|date=20 January 2022|title=Rare coral reef discovered near Tahiti by a UNESCO mission|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/rare-coral-reef-discovered-near-tahiti-unesco-mission|work=UNESCO|access-date=20 January 2022|archive-date=20 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120112328/https://en.unesco.org/news/rare-coral-reef-discovered-near-tahiti-unesco-mission|url-status=live}}
22 January – According to a space monitoring company, a Chinese satellite, SJ-21, grabs an unused satellite and throws it into an orbit with a lower risk for the space debris to collide.{{cite news |title=Chinese 'space cleaner' spotted grabbing and throwing away old satellite|date=2022-02-09|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chinese-space-cleaner-spotted-grabbing-and-throwing-away-old-satellite/a-60658574 |work=Deutsche Welle}}{{cite news |last1=Gough |first1=Evan |title=A Chinese space tug just grappled a dead satellite |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-02-chinese-space-grappled-dead-satellite.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=Universe Today / phys.org |language=en}}
24 January
A chip with molecular circuit components in single-molecule (bio)sensors is demonstrated.{{cite journal |last1=Fuller |first1=Carl W. |last2=Padayatti |first2=Pius S. |last3=Abderrahim |first3=Hadi |last4=Adamiak |first4=Lisa |last5=Alagar |first5=Nolan |last6=Ananthapadmanabhan |first6=Nagaraj |last7=Baek |first7=Jihye |last8=Chinni |first8=Sarat |last9=Choi |first9=Chulmin |last10=Delaney |first10=Kevin J. |last11=Dubielzig |first11=Rich |last12=Frkanec |first12=Julie |last13=Garcia |first13=Chris |last14=Gardner |first14=Calvin |last15=Gebhardt |first15=Daniel |last16=Geiser |first16=Tim |last17=Gutierrez |first17=Zachariah |last18=Hall |first18=Drew A. |last19=Hodges |first19=Andrew P. |last20=Hou |first20=Guangyuan |last21=Jain |first21=Sonal |last22=Jones |first22=Teresa |last23=Lobaton |first23=Raymond |last24=Majzik |first24=Zsolt |last25=Marte |first25=Allen |last26=Mohan |first26=Prateek |last27=Mola |first27=Paul |last28=Mudondo |first28=Paul |last29=Mullinix |first29=James |last30=Nguyen |first30=Thuan |last31=Ollinger |first31=Frederick |last32=Orr |first32=Sarah |last33=Ouyang |first33=Yuxuan |last34=Pan |first34=Paul |last35=Park |first35=Namseok |last36=Porras |first36=David |last37=Prabhu |first37=Keshav |last38=Reese |first38=Cassandra |last39=Ruel |first39=Travers |last40=Sauerbrey |first40=Trevor |last41=Sawyer |first41=Jaymie R. |last42=Sinha |first42=Prem |last43=Tu |first43=Jacky |last44=Venkatesh |first44=A. G. |last45=VijayKumar |first45=Sushmitha |last46=Zheng |first46=Le |last47=Jin |first47=Sungho |last48=Tour |first48=James M. |last49=Church |first49=George M. |last50=Mola |first50=Paul W. |last51=Merriman |first51=Barry |title=Molecular electronics sensors on a scalable semiconductor chip: A platform for single-molecule measurement of binding kinetics and enzyme activity |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=1 February 2022 |volume=119 |issue=5 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2112812119 |doi-access=free |pmid=35074874 |pmc=8812571 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11912812F |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}{{Cite web|last=Biotechnologies|first=Roswell|title=Team demonstrates molecular electronics sensors on a semiconductor chip|url=https://phys.org/news/2022-01-team-molecular-electronics-sensors-semiconductor.html|access-date=2022-02-21|website=phys.org|language=en}}
The James Webb Space Telescope arrives at its destination, Lagrange Point 2.{{Cite web|title=January 2022 – James Webb Space Telescope|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/01/|access-date=2022-02-21|website=blogs.nasa.gov|date=31 January 2022 |language=en-US}}
25 January
Chinese scientists at the Wuhan University and other institutions report in a preprint the detection of the closest MERS-CoV relative in bats to date, NeoCoV, and PDF-2180-CoV that can efficiently use bats' ACE2 for cell-entry. The to-date unreviewed preprint finds that one mutation could result in a 'MERS-CoV-2' that, like SARS-CoV-2, can use humans' ACE2 receptor and has both a very high fatality (MERS-CoV had a mortality of around 35%){{cite web |title=Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov) |website=www.who.int |access-date=18 February 2022 |language=en}} and high transmission rate, and hence represents a risk to biosafety and of potential zoonotic spillover.{{cite news |title=Scientists evaluate zoonotic potential of NeoCoV, a coronavirus related to MERS-CoV |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220130/Scientists-evaluate-zoonotic-potential-of-NeoCoV-a-coronavirus-related-to-MERS-CoV.aspx |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=30 January 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Xiong |first1=Qing |last2=Cao |first2=Lei |last3=Ma |first3=Chengbao |last4=Liu |first4=Chen |last5=Si |first5=Junyu |last6=Liu |first6=Peng |last7=Gu |first7=Mengxue |last8=Wang |first8=Chunli |last9=Shi |first9=Lulu |last10=Tong |first10=Fei |last11=Huang |first11=Meiling |last12=Li |first12=Jing |last13=Zhao |first13=Chufeng |last14=Shen |first14=Chao |last15=Chen |first15=Yu |last16=Zhao |first16=Huabin |last17=Lan |first17=Ke |last18=Wang |first18=Xiangxi |last19=Yan |first19=Huan |title=Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477490v1.full |pages=2022.01.24.477490 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.01.24.477490 |date=25 January 2022|s2cid=246341901 }} According to one report, the WHO stated that further study would be required to find out "whether the virus detected in the study will pose a risk for humans".{{cite news |title=NeoCov's potential danger to humans requires further study — WHO |url=https://tass.com/society/1394163 |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=TASS}} The study also emphasizes the need for pathogen/spillover surveillance.{{cite news |title=Fact Check-NeoCov is not a new type of human transmissible coronavirus |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-neocov-virus-idUSL1N2UC2MH |work=Reuters |date=1 February 2022 |language=en}}
Neuroscientists confirm an unknown type of communication between neurons in the healthy brain – the transfer of proteins ({{tooltip|2=Transneuronally transported proteins|TNTPs}}). Here between RGC and excitatory LGN neurons.{{cite news |title=Researchers discover new type of cellular communication in the brain |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-01-cellular-brain.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=The Scripps Research Institute |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Schiapparelli |first1=Lucio M. |last2=Sharma |first2=Pranav |last3=He |first3=Hai-Yan |last4=Li |first4=Jianli |last5=Shah |first5=Sahil H. |last6=McClatchy |first6=Daniel B. |last7=Ma |first7=Yuanhui |last8=Liu |first8=Han-Hsuan |last9=Goldberg |first9=Jeffrey L. |last10=Yates |first10=John R. |last11=Cline |first11=Hollis T. |title=Proteomic screen reveals diverse protein transport between connected neurons in the visual system |journal=Cell Reports |date=25 January 2022 |volume=38 |issue=4 |page=110287 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110287 |pmid=35081342 |pmc=8906846 |language=English |issn=2211-1247}}
The CDC confirms the Omicron variant causes less severe disease than previously dominant variants.{{cite journal |last1=Iuliano |first1=A. Danielle |title=Trends in Disease Severity and Health Care Utilization During the Early Omicron Variant Period Compared with Previous SARS-CoV-2 High Transmission Periods — United States, December 2020–January 2022 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=146–152 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4 |pmid=35085225 |pmc=9351529 |s2cid=246332966 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}} The novel Omicron subtype 'BA.2' did not initially show an increase over this lower virulence.{{cite news |title=What to know about BA.2, the newest Covid omicron variant |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/know-ba2-newest-covid-omicron-variant-rcna13784 |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=NBC News |language=en}}{{cite news |title=Omicron BA.2: What we know about the Covid sub-variant |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-60233899 |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=BBC News |date=2 February 2022}}{{cite news |title=There's a new version of omicron but so far it doesn't appear to be more dangerous |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/01/24/covid-omicron-ba2/ |access-date=14 February 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}} Nevertheless, in the U.S., the daily new COVID-19 deaths were higher during Omicron dominance than during Delta's during fall{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Carla K. |title=Omicron drives US deaths higher than in fall's delta wave |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-01-omicron-deaths-higher-fall-delta.html |access-date=14 February 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}} and the high volume of hospitalizations can cause indirect harm via local health care system strains beyond less severe but non-mild disease effects.
26 January
Scientists regrow the missing legs of adult frogs, which are naturally unable to regenerate limbs, within 1.5 years using a five-drug mixture applied for a day via a silicone wearable bioreactor.{{cite news|date=26 January 2022|title=Scientists regrow frog's lost leg|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/940952|work=EurekAlert!|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127130446/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/940952|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Murugan |first1=Nirosha J. |last2=Vigran |first2=Hannah J. |last3=Miller |first3=Kelsie A. |last4=Golding |first4=Annie |last5=Pham |first5=Quang L. |last6=Sperry |first6=Megan M. |last7=Rasmussen-Ivey |first7=Cody |last8=Kane |first8=Anna W. |author9-link=David L. Kaplan (engineer) |last9=Kaplan |first9=David L. |last10=Levin |first10=Michael |title=Acute multidrug delivery via a wearable bioreactor facilitates long-term limb regeneration and functional recovery in adult Xenopus laevis |journal=Science Advances |date=January 2022 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=eabj2164 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abj2164 |pmid=35080969 |pmc=8791464 |bibcode=2022SciA....8.2164M |language=EN}}
The first laparoscopic surgery performed entirely by a robot is reported.{{cite news|date=26 January 2022|title=Robot performs first laparoscopic surgery without human help|url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2022/01/26/star-robot-performs-intestinal-surgery/|work=Johns Hopkins University|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126223655/https://hub.jhu.edu/2022/01/26/star-robot-performs-intestinal-surgery/|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Saeidi |first1=H. |last2=Opfermann |first2=J. D. |last3=Kam |first3=M. |last4=Wei |first4=S. |last5=Leonard |first5=S. |last6=Hsieh |first6=M. H. |last7=Kang |first7=J. U. |last8=Krieger |first8=A. |title=Autonomous robotic laparoscopic surgery for intestinal anastomosis |journal=Science Robotics |date=26 January 2022 |volume=7 |issue=62 |pages=eabj2908 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abj2908 |pmid=35080901 |pmc=8992572 |s2cid=246296673 |language=EN}}
Astronomers at the ICRAR report the discovery of a repeating transient with an unusually slow spin, occurring just three times an hour. It is believed to be a new class of neutron star or a white dwarf, located ~4,000 light-years away.{{cite news|date=27 January 2022|title=Mysterious object unlike anything astronomers have seen before|url=https://www.icrar.org/repeating-transient/|work=International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126235531/https://www.icrar.org/repeating-transient/|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Hurley-Walker |first1=N. |last2=Zhang |first2=X. |last3=Bahramian |first3=A. |last4=McSweeney |first4=S. J. |last5=O’Doherty |first5=T. N. |last6=Hancock |first6=P. J. |last7=Morgan |first7=J. S. |last8=Anderson |first8=G. E. |last9=Heald |first9=G. H. |last10=Galvin |first10=T. J. |title=A radio transient with unusually slow periodic emission |journal=Nature |date=January 2022 |volume=601 |issue=7894 |pages=526–530 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04272-x |pmid=35082416 |bibcode=2022Natur.601..526H |s2cid=246296294 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
Researchers report the development of a technology that enables searching the planetary collection of nucleic acid sequences. The open source supercomputing-based Serratus Project identified over 130,000 RNA-based viruses, including 9 coronaviruses. While such and related endeavors and data are reportedly risky themselves as of 2021,{{cite news |last1=Lerner |first1=Sharon |title=The Virus Hunters: How the Pursuit of Unknown Viruses Risks Triggering the Next Pandemic |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/12/28/covid-pandemic-virus-hunters-ecohealth-alliance-peter-daszak-wuhan/ |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=The Intercept |date=28 December 2021}}{{cite journal |last1=Shehri |first1=Saud Ali Al |last2=Al-Sulaiman |first2=A. M. |last3=Azmi |first3=Sarfuddin |last4=Alshehri |first4=Sultan S. |title=Bio-safety and bio-security: A major global concern for ongoing COVID-19 pandemic |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |date=January 2022 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=132–139 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.060 |pmid=34483699 |pmc=8404373 |language=en}} the project aims to improve pathogen surveillance, the understanding of viral evolutionary origins and enable quickly connecting strange emerging illnesses to recorded viruses.{{cite news |last1=Pelley |first1=Lauren |title=Supercomputer helps Canadian researcher uncover thousands of viruses that could cause human diseases |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/supercomputer-virus-study-disease-1.6345158 |access-date=12 February 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Edgar |first1=Robert C. |last2=Taylor |first2=Jeff |last3=Lin |first3=Victor |last4=Altman |first4=Tomer |last5=Barbera |first5=Pierre |last6=Meleshko |first6=Dmitry |last7=Lohr |first7=Dan |last8=Novakovsky |first8=Gherman |last9=Buchfink |first9=Benjamin |last10=Al-Shayeb |first10=Basem |last11=Banfield |first11=Jillian F. |last12=de la Peña |first12=Marcos |last13=Korobeynikov |first13=Anton |last14=Chikhi |first14=Rayan |last15=Babaian |first15=Artem |title=Petabase-scale sequence alignment catalyses viral discovery |journal=Nature |date=February 2022 |volume=602 |issue=7895 |pages=142–147 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04332-2 |pmid=35082445 |bibcode=2022Natur.602..142E |s2cid=246297430 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }}
31 January – Researchers find evidence that reading on electronic devices can reduce comprehension. Reading text on a smartphone was found to promote overactivity in the prefrontal cortex and reduce sighing frequency compared to reading text on paper.{{Cite web |last=Ellwood |first=Beth |date=2022-04-04 |title=Reading on a smartphone promotes overactivity in the prefrontal cortex and lowers reading comprehension, study finds |url=https://www.psypost.org/2022/04/reading-on-a-smartphone-promotes-overactivity-in-the-prefrontal-cortex-and-lowers-reading-comprehension-study-finds-62848 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=PsyPost |language=en-US}}{{cite journal |last1=Honma |first1=Motoyasu |last2=Masaoka |first2=Yuri |last3=Iizuka |first3=Natsuko |last4=Wada |first4=Sayaka |last5=Kamimura |first5=Sawa |last6=Yoshikawa |first6=Akira |last7=Moriya |first7=Rika |last8=Kamijo |first8=Shotaro |last9=Izumizaki |first9=Masahiko |title=Reading on a smartphone affects sigh generation, brain activity, and comprehension |journal=Scientific Reports |date=31 January 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=1589 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-05605-0 |pmid=35102254 |pmc=8803971 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.1589H |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}

=February=

File:JET_cutaway_drawing_1980.jpg achieves a breakthrough of more than twice (59 M J) the previous fusion energy generation record set in 1997.]]

1 February – The American Geophysical Union reports, based on a study by Chinese scientists published in November, that climate change has likely begun to suffocate the world's fisheries, passing a critical threshold of oxygen loss in 2021.{{cite news|date=1 February 2022|title=Climate change has likely begun to suffocate the world's fisheries|url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/climate-change-has-likely-begun-to-suffocate-the-worlds-fisheries/|work=American Geophysical Union|access-date=6 February 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Gong |first1=Hongjing |last2=Li |first2=Chao |last3=Zhou |first3=Yuntao |title=Emerging Global Ocean Deoxygenation Across the 21st Century |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=28 November 2021 |volume=48 |issue=23 |doi=10.1029/2021gl095370 |bibcode=2021GeoRL..4895370G |s2cid=244467104 |issn=0094-8276}}
2 February
Progress in cancer screening is reported: DNA methylation biomarkers for breast cancer (WID-BC-index; 1 Feb.){{cite news |title=DNA Methylation Could Predict Ovarian, Breast Cancers |url=https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/dna-methylation-could-predict-ovarian-breast-cancers-69697 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=The Scientist Magazine® |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Barrett |first1=James E. |last2=Herzog |first2=Chiara |last3=Jones |first3=Allison |last4=Leavy |first4=Olivia C. |last5=Evans |first5=Iona |last6=Knapp |first6=Susanne |last7=Reisel |first7=Daniel |last8=Nazarenko |first8=Tatiana |last9=Kim |first9=Yoo-Na |last10=Franchi |first10=Dorella |last11=Ryan |first11=Andy |last12=Franks |first12=Joanna |last13=Bjørge |first13=Line |last14=Zikan |first14=Michal |last15=Cibula |first15=David |last16=Harbeck |first16=Nadia |last17=Colombo |first17=Nicoletta |last18=Dudbridge |first18=Frank |last19=Jones |first19=Louise |last20=Sundström |first20=Karin |last21=Dillner |first21=Joakim |last22=Rådestad |first22=Angelique Flöter |last23=Gemzell-Danielsson |first23=Kristina |last24=Pashayan |first24=Nora |last25=Widschwendter |first25=Martin |title=The WID-BC-index identifies women with primary poor prognostic breast cancer based on DNA methylation in cervical samples |journal=Nature Communications |date=1 February 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=449 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27918-w |pmid=35105882 |pmc=8807602 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13..449B |language=en |issn=2041-1723}} and ovarian cancer (WID-OC-index; 1 Feb.){{cite journal |last1=Barrett |first1=James E. |last2=Jones |first2=Allison |last3=Evans |first3=Iona |last4=Reisel |first4=Daniel |last5=Herzog |first5=Chiara |last6=Chindera |first6=Kantaraja |last7=Kristiansen |first7=Mark |last8=Leavy |first8=Olivia C. |last9=Manchanda |first9=Ranjit |last10=Bjørge |first10=Line |last11=Zikan |first11=Michal |last12=Cibula |first12=David |last13=Widschwendter |first13=Martin |title=The DNA methylome of cervical cells can predict the presence of ovarian cancer |journal=Nature Communications |date=1 February 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=448 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26615-y |pmid=35105887 |pmc=8807742 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13..448B |language=en |issn=2041-1723}} as well as lipidomics biomarkers for lung cancer (MS-based rapid targeted assay{{Specify |reason=Specify wikilink to section about the specific type of assay (e.g. "#Multiple reaction monitoring" or "#Lipids-levels-biomarkers"/"#Lipidomic profiling") |date=March 2022}} for levels of nine lipids in blood; 2 Feb.).{{cite news |title=Cheap blood test detects lung cancer at an early and treatable stage |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2306773-cheap-blood-test-detects-lung-cancer-at-an-early-and-treatable-stage/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Guangxi |last2=Qiu |first2=Mantang |last3=Xing |first3=Xudong |last4=Zhou |first4=Juntuo |last5=Yao |first5=Hantao |last6=Li |first6=Mingru |last7=Yin |first7=Rong |last8=Hou |first8=Yan |last9=Li |first9=Yang |last10=Pan |first10=Shuli |last11=Huang |first11=Yuqing |last12=Yang |first12=Fan |last13=Bai |first13=Fan |last14=Nie |first14=Honggang |last15=Di |first15=Shuangshuang |last16=Guo |first16=Limei |last17=Meng |first17=Zhu |last18=Wang |first18=Jun |last19=Yin |first19=Yuxin |title=Lung cancer scRNA-seq and lipidomics reveal aberrant lipid metabolism for early-stage diagnosis |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=2 February 2022 |volume=14 |issue=630 |pages=eabk2756 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abk2756 |pmid=35108060 |s2cid=246488343 |issn=1946-6234|doi-access=free }}
The IAU announces the Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference to coordinate or aggregate measures to mitigate the detrimental effects of satellite constellations on astronomy.{{cite news |title=Astronomers stand up to satellite mega-constellations |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60262100 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=BBC News |date=4 February 2022}}{{cite web |title=Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference |url=https://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/announcements/2022/1 |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn |access-date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=International Astronomical Union {{!}} IAU |url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/centres/CPS/ |website=www.iau.org |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313084016/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/centres/CPS/ |url-status=dead }}
3 February
The first comprehensive non-public global map of oil and gas "ultra-emitters" of the potent greenhouse gas methane based on satellite data, first reported in 2020,{{cite web |title=Mapping methane emissions on a global scale |url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203174735/https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale |archive-date=3 February 2022 |language=en}} is published.{{cite news |title=Climate change: Satellites map huge methane plumes from oil and gas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60203683 |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=BBC News |date=4 February 2022}}{{cite news |title=Cracking down on methane 'ultra emitters' is a quick way to combat climate change, researchers find |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/02/03/cracking-down-methane-ultra-emitters-is-quick-way-combat-climate-change-researchers-find/ |access-date=16 March 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Lauvaux |first1=T. |last2=Giron |first2=C. |last3=Mazzolini |first3=M. |last4=d’Aspremont |first4=A. |last5=Duren |first5=R. |last6=Cusworth |first6=D. |last7=Shindell |first7=D. |last8=Ciais |first8=P. |title=Global assessment of oil and gas methane ultra-emitters |journal=Science |date=4 February 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6580 |pages=557–561 |doi=10.1126/science.abj4351 |pmid=35113691 |arxiv=2105.06387 |bibcode=2022Sci...375..557L |s2cid=246530897 |issn=0036-8075 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj4351 |url-access=subscription}}
Scientists report the development of artificial tooth enamel from aligned assembled hydroxyapatite nanowires, a biomimetic material that has superior properties to natural tooth enamel and shows potential for use in dentistry (if found, made or further developed to be compatible with the mouth environment).{{cite news |title=Artificial material mimics tooth enamel, but is tougher |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/artificial-material-mimics-tooth-enamel-but-is-tougher/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Physics World |date=12 February 2022}}{{cite news |last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Researchers create strong synthetic enamel similar to natural tooth covering |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-02-strong-synthetic-enamel-similar-natural.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Hewei |last2=Liu |first2=Shaojia |last3=Wei |first3=Yan |last4=Yue |first4=Yonghai |last5=Gao |first5=Mingrui |last6=Li |first6=Yangbei |last7=Zeng |first7=Xiaolong |last8=Deng |first8=Xuliang |last9=Kotov |first9=Nicholas A. |last10=Guo |first10=Lin |last11=Jiang |first11=Lei |title=Multiscale engineered artificial tooth enamel |journal=Science |date=4 February 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6580 |pages=551–556 |doi=10.1126/science.abj3343 |pmid=35113708 |bibcode=2022Sci...375..551Z |s2cid=246530392 |issn=0036-8075|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj3343|url-access=subscription}}
Scientists report the detection of anomalous unknown-host SARS-CoV-2 lineages with wastewater surveillance.{{cite news |title=Detecting novel SARS-CoV-2 variants in New York City wastewater |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-02-sars-cov-variants-york-city-wastewater.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=University of Missouri |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Smyth |first1=Davida S. |last2=Trujillo |first2=Monica |last3=Gregory |first3=Devon A. |last4=Cheung |first4=Kristen |last5=Gao |first5=Anna |last6=Graham |first6=Maddie |last7=Guan |first7=Yue |last8=Guldenpfennig |first8=Caitlyn |last9=Hoxie |first9=Irene |last10=Kannoly |first10=Sherin |last11=Kubota |first11=Nanami |last12=Lyddon |first12=Terri D. |last13=Markman |first13=Michelle |last14=Rushford |first14=Clayton |last15=San |first15=Kaung Myat |last16=Sompanya |first16=Geena |last17=Spagnolo |first17=Fabrizio |last18=Suarez |first18=Reinier |last19=Teixeiro |first19=Emma |last20=Daniels |first20=Mark |last21=Johnson |first21=Marc C. |last22=Dennehy |first22=John J. |title=Tracking cryptic SARS-CoV-2 lineages detected in NYC wastewater |journal=Nature Communications |date=3 February 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=635 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-28246-3 |pmid=35115523 |pmc=8813986 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13..635S |language=en |issn=2041-1723}}
4 February – COVID-19 pandemic: A study by the CDC finds that surgical masks worn at indoor public venues can reduce the chances of testing positive for COVID-19 by 66%, while tightfitting N95 and KN95 masks can reduce the odds of infection by 83%.{{cite news|date=4 February 2022|title=N95, KN95 masks provide best protection against covid, CDC study shows|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/02/04/covid-mask-effective-n95/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=5 February 2022}}{{cite news|date=4 February 2022|title=Effectiveness of Face Mask or Respirator Use in Indoor Public Settings for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection — California, February–December 2021|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7106e1.htm?s_cid=mm7106e1_w%20[cdc.gov|work=CDC|access-date=5 February 2022}}
7 February – Researchers demonstrate a spinal cord stimulator that enables patients with spinal cord injury to walk again via epidural electrical stimulation (EES) with substantial neurorehabilitation-progress during the first day.{{cite news |title=Paralysed man with severed spine walks thanks to implant |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60258620 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=BBC News |date=7 February 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Rowald |first1=Andreas |last2=Komi |first2=Salif |last3=Demesmaeker |first3=Robin |last4=Baaklini |first4=Edeny |last5=Hernandez-Charpak |first5=Sergio Daniel |last6=Paoles |first6=Edoardo |last7=Montanaro |first7=Hazael |last8=Cassara |first8=Antonino |last9=Becce |first9=Fabio |last10=Lloyd |first10=Bryn |last11=Newton |first11=Taylor |last12=Ravier |first12=Jimmy |last13=Kinany |first13=Nawal |last14=D’Ercole |first14=Marina |last15=Paley |first15=Aurélie |last16=Hankov |first16=Nicolas |last17=Varescon |first17=Camille |last18=McCracken |first18=Laura |last19=Vat |first19=Molywan |last20=Caban |first20=Miroslav |last21=Watrin |first21=Anne |last22=Jacquet |first22=Charlotte |last23=Bole-Feysot |first23=Léa |last24=Harte |first24=Cathal |last25=Lorach |first25=Henri |last26=Galvez |first26=Andrea |last27=Tschopp |first27=Manon |last28=Herrmann |first28=Natacha |last29=Wacker |first29=Moïra |last30=Geernaert |first30=Lionel |last31=Fodor |first31=Isabelle |last32=Radevich |first32=Valentin |last33=Van Den Keybus |first33=Katrien |last34=Eberle |first34=Grégoire |last35=Pralong |first35=Etienne |last36=Roulet |first36=Maxime |last37=Ledoux |first37=Jean-Baptiste |last38=Fornari |first38=Eleonora |last39=Mandija |first39=Stefano |last40=Mattera |first40=Loan |last41=Martuzzi |first41=Roberto |last42=Nazarian |first42=Bruno |last43=Benkler |first43=Stefan |last44=Callegari |first44=Simone |last45=Greiner |first45=Nathan |last46=Fuhrer |first46=Benjamin |last47=Froeling |first47=Martijn |last48=Buse |first48=Nik |last49=Denison |first49=Tim |last50=Buschman |first50=Rik |last51=Wende |first51=Christian |last52=Ganty |first52=Damien |last53=Bakker |first53=Jurriaan |last54=Delattre |first54=Vincent |last55=Lambert |first55=Hendrik |last56=Minassian |first56=Karen |last57=van den Berg |first57=Cornelis A. T. |last58=Kavounoudias |first58=Anne |last59=Micera |first59=Silvestro |last60=Van De Ville |first60=Dimitri |last61=Barraud |first61=Quentin |last62=Kurt |first62=Erkan |last63=Kuster |first63=Niels |last64=Neufeld |first64=Esra |last65=Capogrosso |first65=Marco |last66=Asboth |first66=Leonie |last67=Wagner |first67=Fabien B. |last68=Bloch |first68=Jocelyne |last69=Courtine |first69=Grégoire |title=Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01663-5 |url-access= |journal=Nature Medicine |date=February 2022 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=260–271 |doi=10.1038/s41591-021-01663-5 |pmid=35132264 |s2cid=246651655 |language=en |issn=1546-170X}} On the same day, a separate team reports the first{{cite news |title=In world-first, researchers engineer human spinal cord implants for treating paralysis |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-02-world-first-human-spinal-cord-implants.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Tel-Aviv University |language=en}} engineered functional human (motor-)neuronal networks derived from iPSCs from the patient for implantation to regenerate injured spinal cord showing success in tests with mice.{{cite news |title=Engineered spinal cord implants restore movement to paralysed mice |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/engineered-spinal-cord-implants-restore-movement-to-paralysed-mice/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Physics World |date=23 February 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Wertheim |first1=Lior |last2=Edri |first2=Reuven |last3=Goldshmit |first3=Yona |last4=Kagan |first4=Tomer |last5=Noor |first5=Nadav |last6=Ruban |first6=Angela |last7=Shapira |first7=Assaf |last8=Gat-Viks |first8=Irit |last9=Assaf |first9=Yaniv |last10=Dvir |first10=Tal |title=Regenerating the Injured Spinal Cord at the Chronic Phase by Engineered iPSCs-Derived 3D Neuronal Networks |journal=Advanced Science |date=7 February 2022 |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=2105694 |doi=10.1002/advs.202105694|pmid=35128819 |pmc=9008789 |s2cid=246633147 }}
8 February
A study integrates meta-analyses and data in a tool that shows populations' relative general life extension potentials of different food groups.{{cite news |title=Changing your diet could add up to a decade to life expectancy, study finds |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-02-diet-decade-life.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=Public Library of Science |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Fadnes |first1=Lars T. |last2=Økland |first2=Jan-Magnus |last3=Haaland |first3=Øystein A. |last4=Johansson |first4=Kjell Arne |title=Estimating impact of food choices on life expectancy: A modeling study |journal=PLOS Medicine |date=8 February 2022 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=e1003889 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003889 |pmid=35134067 |pmc=8824353 |language=en |issn=1549-1676 |doi-access=free }}
The largest and most accurate computer simulation to date of the local Universe is presented. It covers a volume of 600 million light-years from Earth and includes over 130 billion simulated particles, spanning its complete history from the Big Bang to the present.{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title=Scientists unveil most accurate virtual representation of the Universe |url=https://www.durham.ac.uk/news-events/latest-news/2022/02/scientists-unveil-most-accurate-virtual-representation-of-the-universe/|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Durham University|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title=SIBELIUS-DARK|url=https://smcalpine.com/sibelius-dark|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Stuart McAlpine|language=en|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210181911/https://smcalpine.com/sibelius-dark|url-status=dead}}{{cite journal |last1=McAlpine |first1=Stuart |last2=Helly |first2=John C |last3=Schaller |first3=Matthieu |last4=Sawala |first4=Till |last5=Lavaux |first5=Guilhem |last6=Jasche |first6=Jens |last7=Frenk |first7=Carlos S |last8=Jenkins |first8=Adrian |last9=Lucey |first9=John R |last10=Johansson |first10=Peter H |title=SIBELIUS-DARK: a galaxy catalogue of the Local Volume from a constrained realisation simulation |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=8 February 2022 |volume=512 |issue=4 |pages=5823–5847 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac295|doi-access=free |arxiv=2202.04099 }}
The first evidence of a planet within the habitable zone of a white dwarf is reported, based on data from the star WD 1054–226, which lies 117 light-years from Earth.{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title=Life could exist on planet orbiting 'white dwarf' star |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-60325010|access-date=13 February 2022|website=BBC News|language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Farihi |first1=J |last2=Hermes |first2=J J |last3=Marsh |first3=T R |last4=Mustill |first4=A J |last5=Wyatt |first5=M C |last6=Guidry |first6=J A |last7=Wilson |first7=T G |last8=Redfield |first8=S |last9=Izquierdo |first9=P |last10=Toloza |first10=O |last11=Gänsicke |first11=B T |last12=Aungwerojwit |first12=A |last13=Kaewmanee |first13=C |last14=Dhillon |first14=V S |last15=Swan |first15=A |title=Relentless and complex transits from a planetesimal debris disc |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=11 February 2022 |volume=511 |issue=2 |pages=1647–1666 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stab3475|doi-access=free |hdl=10023/24937 |hdl-access=free }}
9 February
Researchers report the development of a viable flash JH-based process to recover rare-earth elements used in modern electronics from industrial wastes.{{cite news |title=Rare earth elements for smartphones can be extracted from coal waste |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2307608-rare-earth-elements-for-smartphones-can-be-extracted-from-coal-waste/ |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |title=Rare earth elements from waste |journal=Science Advances|year=2022 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abm3132 | pmid=35138886|last1=Deng |first1=B. |last2=Wang |first2=X. |last3=Luong |first3=D. X. |last4=Carter |first4=R. A. |last5=Wang |first5=Z. |last6=Tomson |first6=M. B. |last7=Tour |first7=J. M. |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=eabm3132 |pmc=8827657 |bibcode=2022SciA....8M3132D }}
A breakthrough in fusion energy is reported at the Joint European Torus in Oxford, UK, with 59 megajoules produced over five seconds (11 megawatts of power), more than double the previous record set in 1997.{{cite web |last1=Packer |first1=Lee |last2=Norman |first2=Paul |title=Nuclear fusion: how excited should we be? |url=https://theconversation.com/nuclear-fusion-how-excited-should-we-be-177161 |website=The Conversation |date=23 February 2022 |access-date=26 March 2022 |language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2022-02-09|title=Oxford's JET lab smashes nuclear fusion energy output record |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-60312633|access-date=2022-02-09|website=BBC News|language=en}}

File:PPCPentry.gif of the world's rivers is published.]]

10 February
A third planet is detected orbiting Proxima Centauri, the nearest known star to the Sun. Proxima d, with only a quarter of Earth's mass, is one of the lightest exoplanets ever found.{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title=New planet detected around star closest to the Sun |url=https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/news/eso2202/|access-date=10 February 2022|website=ESO|language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Faria |first1=J. P. |last2=Mascareño |first2=A. Suárez |last3=Figueira |first3=P. |last4=Silva |first4=A. M. |last5=Damasso |first5=M. |last6=Demangeon |first6=O. |last7=Pepe |first7=F. |last8=Santos |first8=N. C. |last9=Rebolo |first9=R. |last10=Cristiani |first10=S. |last11=Adibekyan |first11=V. |last12=Alibert |first12=Y. |last13=Allart |first13=R. |last14=Barros |first14=S. C. C. |last15=Cabral |first15=A. |last16=D’Odorico |first16=V. |last17=Marcantonio |first17=P. Di |last18=Dumusque |first18=X. |last19=Ehrenreich |first19=D. |last20=Hernández |first20=J. I. González |last21=Hara |first21=N. |last22=Lillo-Box |first22=J. |last23=Curto |first23=G. Lo |last24=Lovis |first24=C. |last25=Martins |first25=C. J. a. P. |last26=Mégevand |first26=D. |last27=Mehner |first27=A. |last28=Micela |first28=G. |last29=Molaro |first29=P. |last30=Nunes |first30=N. J. |last31=Pallé |first31=E. |last32=Poretti |first32=E. |last33=Sousa |first33=S. G. |last34=Sozzetti |first34=A. |last35=Tabernero |first35=H. |last36=Udry |first36=S. |last37=Osorio |first37=M. R. Zapatero |title=A candidate short-period sub-Earth orbiting Proxima Centauri |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |date=1 February 2022 |volume=658 |pages=A115 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202142337 |arxiv=2202.05188 |bibcode=2022A&A...658A.115F |s2cid=246706321 |language=en |issn=0004-6361}}
Results from the first controlled trial of caloric restriction in healthy non-obese humans, CALERIE, are published, confirming benefits and identifying a key protein that could be harnessed to extend health in humans.{{Cite web|date=22 February 2022|title=First Controlled Human Trial Shows Cutting Calories Improves Health, Longevity |url=https://singularityhub.com/2022/02/22/first-controlled-human-trial-shows-cutting-calories-improves-health-longevity/|access-date=23 February 2022|work=Singularity Hub|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title=Calorie restriction rewires metabolism, immunity for longer health span |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220210154159.htm|access-date=23 February 2022|work=Science Daily|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title=Calorie restriction trial reveals key factors in extending human health |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220210154204.htm|access-date=23 February 2022|work=Science Daily|language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Spadaro |first1=O. |last2=Youm |first2=Y. |last3=Shchukina |first3=I. |last4=Ryu |first4=S. |last5=Sidorov |first5=S. |last6=Ravussin |first6=A. |last7=Nguyen |first7=K. |last8=Aladyeva |first8=E. |last9=Predeus |first9=A. N. |last10=Smith |first10=S. R. |last11=Ravussin |first11=E. |last12=Galban |first12=C. |last13=Artyomov |first13=M. N. |last14=Dixit |first14=V. D. |title=Caloric restriction in humans reveals immunometabolic regulators of health span |journal=Science |date=11 February 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6581 |pages=671–677 |doi=10.1126/science.abg7292 |pmid=35143297 |pmc=10061495 |bibcode=2022Sci...375..671S |s2cid=246749754 |issn=0036-8075 }}
11 February
The Australian government changes the conservation status of the koala from vulnerable to endangered, due to its rapidly shrinking habitats and climate change.{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title=Koalas: Australia lists marsupial as endangered species |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-60342830|access-date=11 February 2022|website=BBC News|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title=Endangered listing for koalas a double-edged sword |url=https://www.ifaw.org/uk/press-releases/koalas-uplisted-endangered|access-date=11 February 2022|website=International Fund for Animal Welfare|language=en}}
Astronomers report the discovery of Alcyoneus, the largest known galaxy, {{tooltip|2= ~90 times Milky Way's size|5 million parsecs (16.3 million light-years)}} in diameter.{{Cite web|date=15 February 2022|title=Largest Galaxy Ever Found Is Absurdly Enormous And Strangely Ordinary |url=https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-largest-galaxy-ever-found-is-absurdly-enormous-and-strangely-ordinary/|access-date=18 February 2022|website=IFL Science|language=en}}{{Cite journal|title= The discovery of a radio galaxy of at least 5 MPC|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202142778 |arxiv=2202.05427 |language=en|last1=Oei |first1=Martijn S. S. L. |last2=Van Weeren |first2=Reinout J. |last3=Hardcastle |first3=Martin J. |last4=Botteon |first4=Andrea |last5=Shimwell |first5=Tim W. |last6=Dabhade |first6=Pratik |last7=Gast |first7=Aivin R. D. J. G. I. B. |last8=Röttgering |first8=Huub J. A. |last9=Brüggen |first9=Marcus |last10=Tasse |first10=Cyril |last11=Williams |first11=Wendy L. |last12=Shulevski |first12=Aleksandar |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |year= 2022|volume=660 |pages=A2 |bibcode=2022A&A...660A...2O |s2cid=246823634 }}
14 February
A study shows how immune training via a mix of molecules extracted from certain bacteria could potentially protect infants against pervasive severe lower respiratory tract infections.{{cite news |last1=Troy |first1=Niamh |title=OM85 appears to boost babies' immune systems and protects them from serious lung infections |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-02-om85-boost-babies-immune-lung.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Troy |first1=Niamh M. |last2=Strickland |first2=Deborah |last3=Serralha |first3=Michael |last4=Jong |first4=Emma de |last5=Jones |first5=Anya C. |last6=Read |first6=James |last7=Galbraith |first7=Sally |last8=Islam |first8=Zahir |last9=Kaur |first9=Parwinder |author-link9=Parwinder Kaur |last10=Mincham |first10=Kyle T. |last11=Holt |first11=Barbara J. |last12=Sly |first12=Peter D. |last13=Bosco |first13=Anthony |last14=Holt |first14=Patrick G. |date=14 February 2022 |title=Protection against severe infant lower respiratory tract infections by immune training: Mechanistic studies |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |language=English |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=93–103 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.001 |issn=0091-6749 |pmid=35177255 |s2cid=246844791 |doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/95014|hdl-access=free }}
The most comprehensive study of pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers finds that it threatens "environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations".{{cite news |title=Pharmaceuticals in rivers threaten world health - study |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60380298 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=BBC News |date=15 February 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Wilkinson |first1=John L. |last2=Boxall |first2=Alistair B. A. |display-authors=et al. |title=Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=14 February 2022 |volume=119 |issue=8 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2113947119 |doi-access=free |pmid=35165193 |pmc=8872717 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11913947W |issn=0027-8424}}
15 February – NASA publishes its latest Sea Level Rise Technical Report, an update of the 2017 edition, which includes projections for sea-level rise through to the year 2150. The agency warns that sea levels may rise as much over the next 30 years as during the previous 100.{{Cite web|date=15 February 2022|title=Sea Level to Rise up to a Foot by 2050, Interagency Report Finds |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/sea-level-to-rise-up-to-a-foot-by-2050-interagency-report-finds|access-date=16 February 2022|work=NASA|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=16 February 2022|title=Climate change: US sea levels to rise as much in 30 years as in previous hundred, study warns |url=https://news.sky.com/story/climate-change-us-sea-levels-to-rise-as-much-in-30-years-as-in-previous-hundred-study-warns-12543288|access-date=16 February 2022|work=Sky News|language=en}}
16 February – A study models the system of coupled feedback processes (including potential mitigation tipping points) that may shape the trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions over the century in the contemporary socioeconomic system if it both persists as is and its components remain largely unreformed. Broad factor-domains include public perceptions of climate change, future mitigation technologies' characteristics, and the responsiveness of political institutions.{{cite news |title=How politics, society, and tech shape the path of climate change |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-02-politics-society-tech-path-climate.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=U.C. Davis |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Frances C. |last2=Lacasse |first2=Katherine |last3=Mach |first3=Katharine J. |last4=Shin |first4=Yoon Ah |last5=Gross |first5=Louis J. |last6=Beckage |first6=Brian |title=Determinants of emissions pathways in the coupled climate–social system |journal=Nature |date=March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7899 |pages=103–111 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04423-8 |pmid=35173331 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..103M |s2cid=246903111 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }}
17 February – Bionanotechnologists report the development of a viable biosensor, {{tooltip|2=RNA Output Sensors Activated by Ligand INDuction|ROSALIND 2.0}}, that can detect levels of diverse water pollutants.{{cite news |title=DNA computer could tell you if your drinking water is contaminated |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2308396-dna-computer-could-tell-you-if-your-drinking-water-is-contaminated/ |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Jung |first1=Jaeyoung K. |last2=Archuleta |first2=Chloé M. |last3=Alam |first3=Khalid K. |last4=Lucks |first4=Julius B. |title=Programming cell-free biosensors with DNA strand displacement circuits |journal=Nature Chemical Biology |date=17 February 2022 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=385–393 |doi=10.1038/s41589-021-00962-9 |pmid=35177837 |pmc=8964419 |s2cid=246901702 |language=en |issn=1552-4469}}
18 February – Neurobiologists demonstrate a Wnt7a-based approach to repair the blood–brain barrier, via GPR124/RECK agonists, as a treatment for diseases of the brain in mice.{{cite news |title=Method enables blood-brain barrier repair in neurological disorders |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-02-method-enables-blood-brain-barrier-neurological.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=Université libre de Bruxelles |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Maud |last2=Vermeiren |first2=Simon |last3=Bostaille |first3=Naguissa |last4=Eubelen |first4=Marie |last5=Spitzer |first5=Daniel |last6=Vermeersch |first6=Marjorie |last7=Profaci |first7=Caterina P. |last8=Pozuelo |first8=Elisa |last9=Toussay |first9=Xavier |last10=Raman-Nair |first10=Joanna |last11=Tebabi |first11=Patricia |last12=America |first12=Michelle |last13=De Groote |first13=Aurélie |last14=Sanderson |first14=Leslie E. |last15=Cabochette |first15=Pauline |last16=Germano |first16=Raoul F. V. |last17=Torres |first17=David |last18=Boutry |first18=Sébastien |last19=de Kerchove d’Exaerde |first19=Alban |last20=Bellefroid |first20=Eric J. |last21=Phoenix |first21=Timothy N. |last22=Devraj |first22=Kavi |last23=Lacoste |first23=Baptiste |last24=Daneman |first24=Richard |last25=Liebner |first25=Stefan |last26=Vanhollebeke |first26=Benoit |title=Engineered Wnt ligands enable blood-brain barrier repair in neurological disorders |journal=Science |date=18 February 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6582 |pages=eabm4459 |doi=10.1126/science.abm4459 |pmid=35175798 |s2cid=246943140 |issn=0036-8075|url=https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/340283/3/scienceabm4459.pdf }}

File:ISS029-E-008032 Fires along the Rio Xingu - Brazil.jpg from tropical deforestation have doubled during the last two decades and continue to increase.]]

21 February – A new therapy called {{tooltip|2=Cancer-Specific InDel Attacker|CINDELA}} is reported by scientists in South Korea, which uses CRISPR-Cas9 to kill cancer cells without harming normal tissues.{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022|title=Comprehensive Cancer Treatment Technique Developed by IBS and UNIST |url=http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=88131|access-date=25 February 2022|work=Businesskorea|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=21 February 2022|title=Scientists develop a new platform technology for personalized cancer therapy|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/944288|access-date=25 February 2022|work=EurekAlert! |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Kwon |first1=Taejoon |last2=Ra |first2=Jae Sun |last3=Lee |first3=Soyoung |last4=Baek |first4=In-Joon |last5=Khim |first5=Keon Woo |last6=Lee |first6=Eun A |last7=Song |first7=Eun Kyung |last8=Otarbayev |first8=Daniyar |last9=Jung |first9=Woojae |last10=Park |first10=Yong Hwan |last11=Wie |first11=Minwoo |last12=Bae |first12=Juyoung |last13=Cheng |first13=Himchan |last14=Park |first14=Jun Hong |last15=Kim |first15=Namwoo |last16=Seo |first16=Yuri |last17=Yun |first17=Seongmin |last18=Kim |first18=Ha Eun |last19=Moon |first19=Hyo Eun |last20=Paek |first20=Sun Ha |last21=Park |first21=Tae Joo |last22=Park |first22=Young Un |last23=Rhee |first23=Hwanseok |last24=Choi |first24=Jang Hyun |last25=Cho |first25=Seung Woo |last26=Myung |first26=Kyungjae |title=Precision targeting tumor cells using cancer-specific InDel mutations with CRISPR-Cas9 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=March 2022 |volume=119 |issue=9 |pages=e2103532119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2103532119|doi-access=free |pmid=35217600 |pmc=8892319 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11903532K }}
22 February – A study uses 'years of potential life lost' (YPLL) to show that firearms have become the largest co-cause of traumatic death (or are associated with its causes) in the U.S. in 2017 and 2018 (1.42 M YPLL), slightly more than from motor vehicle crashes.{{cite news |title=Premature deaths from guns expose another toll of the firearms crisis |url=https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/02/23/premature-deaths-guns-expose-another-toll-of-the-firearms-crisis |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=Georgia Public Broadcasting |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Klein |first1=Joshua |last2=Prabhakaran |first2=Kartik |last3=Latifi |first3=Rifat |last4=Rhee |first4=Peter |title=Firearms: the leading cause of years of potential life lost |journal=Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |date=1 February 2022 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=e000766 |doi=10.1136/tsaco-2021-000766 |pmid=35141422 |pmc=8819782 |language=en |issn=2397-5776}} One year earlier, a study suggested the global 'mean loss of life expectancy' (LLE) from all forms of direct violence is about 0.3 years, while air pollution accounts for about 2.9 years.{{cite journal |last1=Lelieveld |first1=Jos |last2=Pozzer |first2=Andrea |last3=Pöschl |first3=Ulrich |last4=Fnais |first4=Mohammed |last5=Haines |first5=Andy |last6=Münzel |first6=Thomas |title=Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective |journal=Cardiovascular Research |date=1 September 2020 |volume=116 |issue=11 |pages=1910–1917 |doi=10.1093/cvr/cvaa025 |pmid=32123898 |pmc=7449554 |issn=0008-6363}}
23 February
Researchers report the development of a quantum gravity-gradiometer – an atom interferometer quantum sensor – which could be used to {{tooltip|2='gravity cartography'|map}} and investigate subterraneans.{{cite news |title=Sensor breakthrough paves way for groundbreaking map of world under Earth surface |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-02-sensor-breakthrough-paves-groundbreaking-world.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=University of Birmingham |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Stray |first1=Ben |last2=Lamb |first2=Andrew |last3=Kaushik |first3=Aisha |last4=Vovrosh |first4=Jamie |last5=Rodgers |first5=Anthony |last6=Winch |first6=Jonathan |last7=Hayati |first7=Farzad |last8=Boddice |first8=Daniel |last9=Stabrawa |first9=Artur |last10=Niggebaum |first10=Alexander |last11=Langlois |first11=Mehdi |last12=Lien |first12=Yu-Hung |last13=Lellouch |first13=Samuel |last14=Roshanmanesh |first14=Sanaz |last15=Ridley |first15=Kevin |last16=de Villiers |first16=Geoffrey |last17=Brown |first17=Gareth |last18=Cross |first18=Trevor |last19=Tuckwell |first19=George |last20=Faramarzi |first20=Asaad |last21=Metje |first21=Nicole |last22=Bongs |first22=Kai |last23=Holynski |first23=Michael |title=Quantum sensing for gravity cartography |journal=Nature |date=February 2022 |volume=602 |issue=7898 |pages=590–594 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04315-3 |pmid=35197616 |pmc=8866129 |bibcode=2022Natur.602..590S |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
UN researchers publish a comprehensive study about climate change impacted wildfires with projections (e.g. a 31–57% increase of extreme wildfires by 2100) and information about impacts and countermeasures.{{cite news |last1=Zhong |first1=Raymond |title=Climate Scientists Warn of a 'Global Wildfire Crisis' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/23/climate/climate-change-un-wildfire-report.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=23 February 2022}}{{cite web |title=Number of wildfires to rise by 50% by 2100 and governments are not prepared, experts warn |url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/number-wildfires-rise-50-2100-and-governments-are-not-prepared |website=UN Environment |access-date=16 March 2022 |language=en |date=23 February 2022}}
Astronomers report that M81, a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away, may be the source of FRB 20200120E, a repeating fast radio burst.{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=Mysterious Repeating Fast Radio Burst Traced to Very Unexpected Location |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-repeating-fast-radio-burst-traced-to-very-unexpected-location |date=23 February 2022 |work=ScienceAlert |accessdate=24 February 2022 }}{{cite journal |author=Kirsten, F |display-authors=et al. |title=A repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04354-w |date=23 February 2022 |journal=Nature |volume=602 |issue=7898 |pages=585–589 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04354-w |pmid=35197615 |arxiv=2105.11445 |bibcode=2022Natur.602..585K |s2cid=235166402 |accessdate=24 February 2022 }}
24 February – The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine begins, causing impacts on science and on scientists and reactions from scientists such as condemnation, science-related sanctions, calls and measures for accelerating renewable energy transitions/decarbonization (i.e. for Russian fossil fuels sanctions) and Web-based coordination tools.{{cite journal |last1=Gaind |first1=Nisha |last2=Else |first2=Holly |title=Global research community condemns Russian invasion of Ukraine |journal=Nature |date=1 March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7900 |pages=209–210 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00601-w|pmid=35233085 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..209G |s2cid=247189994 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Gaind |first1=Nisha |last2=Else |first2=Holly |last3=Roussi |first3=Antoaneta |title='I thought I had forgotten this horror': Ukrainian scientists stand in defiance |journal=Nature |date=2 March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7900 |pages=210–211 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00621-6|pmid=35236954 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..210G |s2cid=247219578 |doi-access=free }}{{cite news |title='This is a fossil fuel war': Ukraine's top climate scientist speaks out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/09/ukraine-climate-scientist-russia-invasion-fossil-fuels |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=9 March 2022 |language=en}}
25 February
Scientists report the largest detailed human genetic genealogy, unifying human genomes from many sources for insights about human history, ancestry and evolution. It demonstrates a novel computational method for estimating how human DNA is related via a series of 13 million linked trees along the genome, a {{tooltip|2=The study is based on the 'foundational notion that the ancestral relationships of all humans who have ever lived can be described by a single genealogy' while 'estimates of the structure are a powerful means of integrating diverse datasets and gaining greater insights into human genetic diversity'.|tree-sequence}}, described as the largest global family tree.{{cite news |last1=Guy |first1=Jack |title=DNA reveals biggest-ever human family tree, dating back 100,000 years |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/24/world/unified-human-genome-scli-intl-scn-gbr/index.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=CNN}}{{cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Yan |last2=Wohns |first2=Anthony Wilder |title=We're analysing DNA from ancient and modern humans to create a 'family tree of everyone' |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-02-analysing-dna-ancient-modern-humans.html |access-date=21 March 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Wohns |first1=Anthony Wilder |last2=Wong |first2=Yan |last3=Jeffery |first3=Ben |last4=Akbari |first4=Ali |last5=Mallick |first5=Swapan |last6=Pinhasi |first6=Ron |last7=Patterson |first7=Nick |last8=Reich |first8=David |last9=Kelleher |first9=Jerome |last10=McVean |first10=Gil |title=A unified genealogy of modern and ancient genomes |journal=Science |date=25 February 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6583 |pages=eabi8264 |doi=10.1126/science.abi8264 |pmid=35201891 |pmc=10027547 |issn=0036-8075 |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.02.16.431497v2 |s2cid=247106458 }}
A study shows a range of commercial products to have formulations that are detrimental to human health: floor cleaners with certain fragants (certain monoterpenes) that cause indoor air pollution equivalent or exceeding the harm to respiratory tracts when the time is spent near a busy road.{{cite news |title=Cleaning products cause indoor pollution levels similar to a busy road |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2309721-cleaning-products-cause-indoor-pollution-levels-similar-to-a-busy-road/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Rosales |first1=Colleen Marciel F. |last2=Jiang |first2=Jinglin |last3=Lahib |first3=Ahmad |last4=Bottorff |first4=Brandon P. |last5=Reidy |first5=Emily K. |last6=Kumar |first6=Vinay |last7=Tasoglou |first7=Antonios |last8=Huber |first8=Heinz |last9=Dusanter |first9=Sebastien |last10=Tomas |first10=Alexandre |last11=Boor |first11=Brandon E. |last12=Stevens |first12=Philip S. |title=Chemistry and human exposure implications of secondary organic aerosol production from indoor terpene ozonolysis |journal=Science Advances |date=25 February 2022 |volume=8 |issue=8 |pages=eabj9156 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abj9156 |pmid=35213219 |pmc=8880786 |bibcode=2022SciA....8J9156R |issn=2375-2548}}
28 February
A study shows annual carbon emissions (or carbon loss) from tropical deforestation have doubled during the last two decades and continue to increase.{{cite news |title=Deforestation emissions far higher than previously thought, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/28/deforestation-emissions-far-higher-than-previously-thought-study-finds-aoe |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=28 February 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Yu |last2=Zeng |first2=Zhenzhong |last3=Searchinger |first3=Timothy D. |last4=Ziegler |first4=Alan D. |last5=Wu |first5=Jie |last6=Wang |first6=Dashan |last7=He |first7=Xinyue |last8=Elsen |first8=Paul R. |last9=Ciais |first9=Philippe |last10=Xu |first10=Rongrong |last11=Guo |first11=Zhilin |last12=Peng |first12=Liqing |last13=Tao |first13=Yiheng |last14=Spracklen |first14=Dominick V. |last15=Holden |first15=Joseph |last16=Liu |first16=Xiaoping |last17=Zheng |first17=Yi |last18=Xu |first18=Peng |last19=Chen |first19=Ji |last20=Jiang |first20=Xin |last21=Song |first21=Xiao-Peng |last22=Lakshmi |first22=Venkataraman |last23=Wood |first23=Eric F. |last24=Zheng |first24=Chunmiao |title=Doubling of annual forest carbon loss over the tropics during the early twenty-first century |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=28 February 2022 |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=444–451 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-00854-3 |s2cid=247160560 |language=en |issn=2398-9629|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022NatSu...5..444F |hdl=2346/92751 |hdl-access=free }}
One of the first scientific reviews about the association between strength training and mortality indicates that such activities are associated with a "10–17% lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), total cancer, diabetes and lung cancer".{{cite news |title=Muscle strengthening lowers risk of death from all causes, study shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/feb/28/muscle-strengthening-lowers-risk-of-death-from-all-causes-study-shows |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=28 February 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Momma |first1=Haruki |last2=Kawakami |first2=Ryoko |last3=Honda |first3=Takanori |last4=Sawada |first4=Susumu S. |title=Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |date=19 January 2022 |volume=56 |issue=13 |pages=755–763 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2021-105061 |pmid=35228201 |pmc=9209691 |s2cid=247169550 |language=en |issn=0306-3674}}
The IPCC releases the second part of its Sixth Assessment Report on climate change. It suggests that any further delay in concerted global action would mean missing the rapidly closing window to secure human wellbeing and the planet's health against cascading impacts of which some would become "irreversible".{{Cite web|title=IPCC issues 'bleakest warning yet' on impacts of climate breakdown |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/28/ipcc-issues-bleakest-warning-yet-impacts-climate-breakdown|access-date=28 February 2022|date=28 February 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Climate change: a threat to human wellbeing and health of the planet. Taking action now can secure our future |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/02/28/pr-wgii-ar6/|access-date=28 February 2022|date=28 February 2022|website=IPCC|language=en-US}}

=March=

1 March
Researchers report the development of a solar panel integrated system that, using a hydrogel, cools the panel or produces fresh water to irrigate enclosed crops beneath.{{cite news |title=These solar panels pull in water vapor to grow crops in the desert |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-03-solar-panels-vapor-crops.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Cell Press |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Renyuan |last2=Wu |first2=Mengchun |last3=Aleid |first3=Sara |last4=Zhang |first4=Chenlin |last5=Wang |first5=Wenbin |last6=Wang |first6=Peng |title=An integrated solar-driven system produces electricity with fresh water and crops in arid regions |journal=Cell Reports Physical Science |date=16 March 2022 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=100781 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100781 |bibcode=2022CRPS....300781L |s2cid=247211013 |language=en |issn=2666-3864|doi-access=free |hdl=10754/676557 |hdl-access=free }}
Atmospheric scientists report that the 2022 volcano eruption in Tonga, Pacific Ocean – the largest recorded volcanic eruption since 1991 which eruption reportedly cooled global climate by ~0.6°C during 15 months{{cite web |title=Global Effects of Mount Pinatubo |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/1510/global-effects-of-mount-pinatubo |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |access-date=19 April 2022 |language=en |date=15 June 2001}} – did not have a cooling effect (volcanic winter) of significance to global climate change (i.e. a cooling of ~0.004°C during the first year).{{cite news |last1=Ramirez |first1=Rachel |last2=Miller |first2=Brandon |title=Tonga volcano eruption likely not large enough to affect global climate, experts say |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/17/world/volcano-eruption-tonga-global-climate-impact/index.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=CNN}}{{cite journal |last1=Zuo |first1=Meng |last2=Zhou |first2=Tianjun |last3=Man |first3=Wenmin |last4=Chen |first4=Xiaolong |last5=Liu |first5=Jian |last6=Liu |first6=Fei |last7=Gao |first7=Chaochao |title=Volcanoes and Climate: Sizing up the Impact of the Recent Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption from a Historical Perspective |journal=Advances in Atmospheric Sciences |date=1 March 2022 |volume=39 |issue=12 |pages=1986–1993 |doi=10.1007/s00376-022-2034-1 |bibcode=2022AdAtS..39.1986Z |s2cid=247160715 |language=en |issn=1861-9533|doi-access=free }}
2 March – Researchers report the development of a system that combines the MOST solar thermal energy storage system with a chip-sized thermoelectric generator to generate electricity from it.{{cite news |last1=Hawkins |first1=Joshua |title=New liquid system could revolutionize solar energy |url=https://bgr.com/science/new-liquid-system-could-revolutionize-solar-energy/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=BGR |date=15 April 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Zhihang |last2=Wu |first2=Zhenhua |last3=Hu |first3=Zhiyu |last4=Orrego-Hernández |first4=Jessica |last5=Mu |first5=Erzhen |last6=Zhang |first6=Zhao-Yang |last7=Jevric |first7=Martyn |last8=Liu |first8=Yang |last9=Fu |first9=Xuecheng |last10=Wang |first10=Fengdan |last11=Li |first11=Tao |last12=Moth-Poulsen |first12=Kasper |title=Chip-scale solar thermal electrical power generation |journal=Cell Reports Physical Science |date=16 March 2022 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=100789 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100789 |bibcode=2022CRPS....300789W |s2cid=247329224 |language=en |issn=2666-3864|doi-access=free |hdl=10261/275653 |hdl-access=free }}
4 March – A study using brain-scans of 36,678 UK Biobank participants shows that negative associations between alcohol intake and brain macrostructure and microstructure are apparent in individuals consuming an average of "one to two daily alcohol units" that some may consider light or moderate consumption.{{cite news |title=Sorry, wine lovers. No amount of alcohol is good for you, study says. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/04/01/drinking-alcohol-health-effects/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Daviet |first1=Remi |last2=Aydogan |first2=Gökhan |last3=Jagannathan |first3=Kanchana |last4=Spilka |first4=Nathaniel |last5=Koellinger |first5=Philipp D. |last6=Kranzler |first6=Henry R. |last7=Nave |first7=Gideon |last8=Wetherill |first8=Reagan R. |title=Associations between alcohol consumption and gray and white matter volumes in the UK Biobank |journal=Nature Communications |date=4 March 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1175 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-28735-5 |pmid=35246521 |pmc=8897479 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.1175D |language=en |issn=2041-1723}} A study of 371,463 UK Biobank participants' cardiovascular health published on 25 March shows that while "light to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with healthier lifestyle factors" than in alcohol-abstainers, adjustment for such factors suggests that in principle minimizing alcohol intake could lower risks for (or negative effects towards) hypertension and coronary artery disease for everybody.{{cite news |title=Large study challenges the theory that light alcohol consumption benefits heart health |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-large-theory-alcohol-consumption-benefits.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Massachusetts General Hospital |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Biddinger |first1=Kiran J. |last2=Emdin |first2=Connor A. |last3=Haas |first3=Mary E. |last4=Wang |first4=Minxian |last5=Hindy |first5=George |last6=Ellinor |first6=Patrick T. |last7=Kathiresan |first7=Sekar |last8=Khera |first8=Amit V. |last9=Aragam |first9=Krishna G. |title=Association of Habitual Alcohol Intake With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=25 March 2022 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=e223849 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3849 |pmid=35333364 |pmc=8956974 |issn=2574-3805}}
7 March
Pig calls are decoded into positive or negative emotions, using an algorithm based on ~7,000 audio recordings classified by an artificial neural network for potential use in farms.{{Cite web|title=Pig grunts reveal their emotions |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220307082325.htm|access-date=9 March 2022|date=7 March 2022|website=Science Daily|language=en-US}}{{cite journal |last1=Briefer |first1=Elodie F. |last2=Sypherd |first2=Ciara C.-R. |last3=Linhart |first3=Pavel |last4=Leliveld |first4=Lisette M. C. |last5=Padilla de la Torre |first5=Monica |last6=Read |first6=Eva R. |last7=Guérin |first7=Carole |last8=Deiss |first8=Véronique |last9=Monestier |first9=Chloé |last10=Rasmussen |first10=Jeppe H. |last11=Špinka |first11=Marek |last12=Düpjan |first12=Sandra |last13=Boissy |first13=Alain |last14=Janczak |first14=Andrew M. |last15=Hillmann |first15=Edna |last16=Tallet |first16=Céline |title=Classification of pig calls produced from birth to slaughter according to their emotional valence and context of production |journal=Scientific Reports |date=7 March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=3409 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-07174-8 |pmid=35256620 |pmc=8901661 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.3409B |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}
A new cellular rejuvenation therapy of bursts of iPSC reprogramming is reported, which can reverse aspects of aging in mice, without causing cancer or other health problems.{{Cite web|title=Cellular rejuvenation therapy safely reverses signs of aging in mice |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220307113027.htm|access-date=9 March 2022|date=7 March 2022|language=en-US |work=Salk Institute}}{{cite journal |last1=Browder |first1=Kristen C. |last2=Reddy |first2=Pradeep |last3=Yamamoto |first3=Mako |last4=Haghani |first4=Amin |last5=Guillen |first5=Isabel Guillen |last6=Sahu |first6=Sanjeeb |last7=Wang |first7=Chao |last8=Luque |first8=Yosu |last9=Prieto |first9=Javier |last10=Shi |first10=Lei |last11=Shojima |first11=Kensaku |last12=Hishida |first12=Tomoaki |last13=Lai |first13=Zijuan |last14=Li |first14=Qingling |last15=Choudhury |first15=Feroza K. |last16=Wong |first16=Weng R. |last17=Liang |first17=Yuxin |last18=Sangaraju |first18=Dewakar |last19=Sandoval |first19=Wendy |last20=Esteban |first20=Concepcion Rodriguez |last21=Delicado |first21=Estrella Nuñez |last22=Garcia |first22=Pedro Guillen |last23=Pawlak |first23=Michal |last24=Vander Heiden |first24=Jason A. |last25=Horvath |first25=Steve |last26=Jasper |first26=Heinrich |last27=Izpisua Belmonte |first27=Juan Carlos |title=In vivo partial reprogramming alters age-associated molecular changes during physiological aging in mice |journal=Nature Aging |date=March 2022 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=243–253 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00183-2 |pmid=37118377 |s2cid=247305231 |language=en |issn=2662-8465 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359075781 |url-access=subscription}}
Researchers report that more than three-quarters of the Amazon rainforest has been losing resilience due to deforestation and climate change since the early 2000s as measured by recovery-time from short-term perturbations ("critical slowing down" (CSD)), reinforcing the theory that it is approaching a critical transition.{{cite news |title=Climate crisis: Amazon rainforest tipping point is looming, data shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/07/climate-crisis-amazon-rainforest-tipping-point |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=7 March 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Boulton |first1=Chris A. |last2=Lenton |first2=Timothy M. |last3=Boers |first3=Niklas |title=Pronounced loss of Amazon rainforest resilience since the early 2000s |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=271–278 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01287-8 |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..271B |s2cid=247255222 |language=en |issn=1758-6798|doi-access=free }} On March 11, INPE reports satellite data that show record-high levels of Amazon deforestation in Brazil for a February (199 km²).{{cite news |last1=Spring |first1=Jake |title=Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon hits second straight monthly record |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/deforestation-brazils-amazon-hits-second-straight-monthly-record-2022-03-11/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Reuters |date=11 March 2022 |language=en}}
Scientists report how COVID-19 impacts the brain at least temporarily based on brain-scans and cognitive tests of 785 UK Biobank participants (401 positive cases), including grey matter thickness- and brain size-reductions.{{cite news |title=Scans reveal how Covid may change the brain |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-60591487 |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=BBC News |date=7 March 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Douaud |first1=Gwenaëlle |last2=Lee |first2=Soojin |last3=Alfaro-Almagro |first3=Fidel |last4=Arthofer |first4=Christoph |last5=Wang |first5=Chaoyue |last6=McCarthy |first6=Paul |last7=Lange |first7=Frederik |last8=Andersson |first8=Jesper L. R. |last9=Griffanti |first9=Ludovica |last10=Duff |first10=Eugene |last11=Jbabdi |first11=Saad |last12=Taschler |first12=Bernd |last13=Keating |first13=Peter |last14=Winkler |first14=Anderson M. |last15=Collins |first15=Rory |last16=Matthews |first16=Paul M. |last17=Allen |first17=Naomi |last18=Miller |first18=Karla L. |last19=Nichols |first19=Thomas E. |last20=Smith |first20=Stephen M. |title=SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank |journal=Nature |date=7 March 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7907 |pages=697–707 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04569-5 |pmid=35255491 |pmc=9046077 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..697D |language=en |issn=1476-4687 }}
Researchers report the first artificial parthenogenesis in mammals (viable mice offspring born from unfertilized eggs).{{cite news |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Osborne |first2=Margaret |title=Mice Birthed From Unfertilized Eggs for the First Time |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mice-birthed-from-unfertilized-eggs-180979720/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Yanchang |last2=Yang |first2=Cai-Rong |last3=Zhao |first3=Zhen-Ao |title=Viable offspring derived from single unfertilized mammalian oocytes |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=22 March 2022 |volume=119 |issue=12 |pages=e2115248119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2115248119 |doi-access=free |pmid=35254875 |pmc=8944925 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11915248W |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}
A study suggests that half of the US population has been exposed to substantially detrimental lead levels in early childhood – mainly from car exhaust whose lead pollution peaked in the 1970s.{{cite news |title=Lead exposure in last century shrunk IQ scores of half of Americans |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-exposure-century-shrunk-iq-scores.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Duke University |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=McFarland |first1=Michael J. |last2=Hauer |first2=Matt E. |last3=Reuben |first3=Aaron |title=Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=15 March 2022 |volume=119 |issue=11 |pages=e2118631119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2118631119 |doi-access=free |pmid=35254913 |pmc=8931364 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11918631M |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}{{Globalize-inline|US|date=April 2022}}
Researchers report the development of 3D-printed nano-"skyscraper" electrodes that house cyanobacteria for extracting substantially more sustainable bioenergy from their photosynthesis than before.{{cite news |title=Tiny 'skyscrapers' help bacteria convert sunlight into electricity |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-03-tiny-skyscrapers-bacteria-sunlight-electricity.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=University of Cambridge |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Xiaolong |last2=Lawrence |first2=Joshua M. |last3=Wey |first3=Laura T. |last4=Schertel |first4=Lukas |last5=Jing |first5=Qingshen |last6=Vignolini |first6=Silvia |last7=Howe |first7=Christopher J. |last8=Kar-Narayan |first8=Sohini |last9=Zhang |first9=Jenny Z. |title=3D-printed hierarchical pillar array electrodes for high-performance semi-artificial photosynthesis |journal=Nature Materials |date=7 March 2022 |volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=811–818 |doi=10.1038/s41563-022-01205-5 |pmid=35256790 |bibcode=2022NatMa..21..811C |s2cid=247255146 |language=en |issn=1476-4660 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353153555}}
Researchers report that the widely used supplements glycine and NAC when combined as "GlyNAC", which previously showed various beneficial effects in humans i.a. in a small trial by the authors,{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Premranjan |last2=Liu |first2=Chun |last3=Hsu |first3=Jean W. |last4=Chacko |first4=Shaji |last5=Minard |first5=Charles |last6=Jahoor |first6=Farook |last7=Sekhar |first7=Rajagopal V. |title=Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial |journal=Clinical and Translational Medicine |date=March 2021 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=e372 |doi=10.1002/ctm2.372 |pmid=33783984 |pmc=8002905 |language=en |issn=2001-1326}} can extend lifespan by 24% in mice when taken at old age.{{cite news |title=GlyNAC supplementation extends life span in mice |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-glynac-supplementation-life-span-mice.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Baylor College of Medicine |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Premranjan |last2=Osahon |first2=Ob W. |last3=Sekhar |first3=Rajagopal V. |title=GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Mice Increases Length of Life by Correcting Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Abnormalities in Mitophagy and Nutrient Sensing, and Genomic Damage |journal=Nutrients |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=1114 |doi=10.3390/nu14051114 |pmid=35268089 |pmc=8912885 |language=en |issn=2072-6643|doi-access=free }}
Progress in biomarkers-based cancer screening is reported: researchers estimate risks for prostate cancer based on age, PSA and hK2 (7 Mar).{{cite news |title=New risk algorithm would improve screening for prostate cancer |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-algorithm-screening-prostate-cancer.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=University College London |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Wald |first1=Nicholas J |last2=Bestwick |first2=Jonathan P |last3=Morris |first3=Joan K |title=Multi-marker risk-based screening for prostate cancer |journal=Journal of Medical Screening |year=2022 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=123–133 |doi=10.1177/09691413221076415|pmid=35255236 |pmc=9087319 |s2cid=247293601 }} Researchers achieve high prediction accuracy for pancreatic cancer using faecal microbiota biomarkers (8 Mar).{{cite news |title=Distinct gut microbial profile may identify pancreatic cancer, irrespective of stage |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-distinct-gut-microbial-profile-pancreatic.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=British Medical Journal |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Kartal |first1=Ece |last2=Schmidt |first2=Thomas S. B. |last3=Molina-Montes |first3=Esther |last4=Rodríguez-Perales |first4=Sandra |last5=Wirbel |first5=Jakob |last6=Maistrenko |first6=Oleksandr M. |last7=Akanni |first7=Wasiu A. |last8=Alhamwe |first8=Bilal Alashkar |last9=Alves |first9=Renato J. |last10=Carrato |first10=Alfredo |last11=Erasmus |first11=Hans-Peter |last12=Estudillo |first12=Lidia |last13=Finkelmeier |first13=Fabian |last14=Fullam |first14=Anthony |last15=Glazek |first15=Anna M. |last16=Gómez-Rubio |first16=Paulina |last17=Hercog |first17=Rajna |last18=Jung |first18=Ferris |last19=Kandels |first19=Stefanie |last20=Kersting |first20=Stephan |last21=Langheinrich |first21=Melanie |last22=Márquez |first22=Mirari |last23=Molero |first23=Xavier |last24=Orakov |first24=Askarbek |last25=Rossum |first25=Thea Van |last26=Torres-Ruiz |first26=Raul |last27=Telzerow |first27=Anja |last28=Zych |first28=Konrad |last29=Investigators |first29=MAGIC Study |last30=Investigators |first30=PanGenEU Study |last31=Benes |first31=Vladimir |last32=Zeller |first32=Georg |last33=Trebicka |first33=Jonel |last34=Real |first34=Francisco X. |last35=Malats |first35=Nuria |last36=Bork |first36=Peer |title=A faecal microbiota signature with high specificity for pancreatic cancer |journal=Gut |date=26 January 2022 |volume=71 |issue=7 |pages=1359–1372 |doi=10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324755 |pmid=35260444 |pmc=9185815 |s2cid=247317115 |language=en |issn=0017-5749}} A cancer test that checks for more mutations than ever before in one tissue sample is launched by a biotech-company (15 Mar).{{cite news |last1=Burger |first1=Ludwig |title=Illumina launches multiple-gene test to spot rare treatable cancers |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/illumina-launches-multiple-gene-test-spot-rare-treatable-cancers-2022-03-15/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Reuters |date=15 March 2022 |language=en}} The first clinical test of a technology to detect early-stage cancer via novel{{cite journal |last1=Xu |first1=Rong |last2=Rai |first2=Alin |last3=Chen |first3=Maoshan |last4=Suwakulsiri |first4=Wittaya |last5=Greening |first5=David W. |last6=Simpson |first6=Richard J. |title=Extracellular vesicles in cancer — implications for future improvements in cancer care |journal=Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology |date=October 2018 |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=617–638 |doi=10.1038/s41571-018-0036-9 |pmid=29795272 |s2cid=43933999 |language=en |issn=1759-4782|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/15096726 }} biomarkers of extracellular vesicles concludes with promising results, possibly reaching screening-relevant sensitivities at high specificity at least for pancreatic cancer (17 Mar).{{cite news |title=Novel screening platform flags 95% of stage 1 cancers |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220321/Novel-screening-platform-flags-9525-of-stage-1-cancers.aspx |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=21 March 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Hinestrosa |first1=Juan Pablo |last2=Kurzrock |first2=Razelle |last3=Lewis |first3=Jean M. |last4=Schork |first4=Nicholas J. |last5=Schroeder |first5=Gregor |last6=Kamat |first6=Ashish M. |last7=Lowy |first7=Andrew M. |last8=Eskander |first8=Ramez N. |last9=Perrera |first9=Orlando |last10=Searson |first10=David |last11=Rastegar |first11=Kiarash |last12=Hughes |first12=Jake R. |last13=Ortiz |first13=Victor |last14=Clark |first14=Iryna |last15=Balcer |first15=Heath I. |last16=Arakelyan |first16=Larry |last17=Turner |first17=Robert |last18=Billings |first18=Paul R. |last19=Adler |first19=Mark J. |last20=Lippman |first20=Scott M. |last21=Krishnan |first21=Rajaram |title=Early-stage multi-cancer detection using an extracellular vesicle protein-based blood test |journal=Communications Medicine |date=17 March 2022 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=29 |doi=10.1038/s43856-022-00088-6 |pmid=35603292 |pmc=9053211 |s2cid=247536505 |language=en |issn=2730-664X}}
Using drug discovery artificial intelligence algorithms, researchers generate 40,000 potential chemical weapon candidates,{{cite news |last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Repurposed drug-seeking AI system generates 40,000 possible chemical weapons in just six hours |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-03-repurposed-drug-seeking-ai-chemical-weapons.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Urbina |first1=Fabio |last2=Lentzos |first2=Filippa |last3=Invernizzi |first3=Cédric |last4=Ekins |first4=Sean |title=Dual use of artificial-intelligence-powered drug discovery |journal=Nature Machine Intelligence |date=March 2022 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=189–191 |doi=10.1038/s42256-022-00465-9 |pmid=36211133 |pmc=9544280 |s2cid=247302391 |language=en |issn=2522-5839 }} which may be relevant to timely regulation of chemicals and related products that can be used to manufacture the fraction of viable candidates and either illustrates or proves that such software is dual-use technology.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
8 March – Researchers report SARS-CoV-2 variant recombinant viruses that contain elements of Delta and Omicron – Deltacron (also called "Deltamicron").{{cite news |title=What is the Deltacron variant of Covid and where has it been found? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/11/what-is-deltacron-covid-variant-uk |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=11 March 2022 |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Lapid |first1=Nancy |title=Variant that combines Delta and Omicron identified; dogs sniff out virus with high accuracy |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/variant-that-combines-delta-omicron-identified-dogs-sniff-out-virus-with-high-2022-03-09/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Reuters |date=9 March 2022 |language=en}}{{Cite medRxiv |last1=Colson |first1=Philippe |last2=Fournier |first2=Pierre-Edouard |last3=Delerce |first3=Jeremy |last4=Million |first4=Matthieu |last5=Bedotto |first5=Marielle |last6=Houhamdi |first6=Linda |last7=Yahi |first7=Nouara |last8=Bayette |first8=Jeremy |last9=Levasseur |first9=Anthony |last10=Fantini |first10=Jacques |last11=Raoult |first11=Didier |last12=Scola |first12=Bernard La |title=Culture and identification of a "Deltamicron" SARS-CoV-2 in a three cases cluster in southern France |pages=3739–3749 |language=en |date=16 March 2022 |medrxiv=10.1101/2022.03.03.22271812v2}} Recombination occurs when a virus combines parts from a related virus with its genetic sequence as it assembles copies of itself. It is unclear whether Deltacron – which is not to be confused with "Deltacron" reported in January – will be able to compete with Omicron and whether that would be detrimental to health.{{cite web |last1=O'Neill |first1=Luke |title=Deltacron: what scientists know so far about this new hybrid coronavirus |url=https://theconversation.com/deltacron-what-scientists-know-so-far-about-this-new-hybrid-coronavirus-179442 |website=The Conversation |date=21 March 2022 |access-date=18 April 2022 |language=en}}
9 March
Researchers in the Antarctic announce they have found Endurance, one of the greatest ever undiscovered shipwrecks, which sank in 1915 during Ernest Shackleton's exploration.{{Cite web|title=Endurance: Shackleton's lost ship is found in Antarctic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-60662541|access-date=9 March 2022|date=9 March 2022|website=BBC News|language=en-US}}
Doctors report that an antiseptic drug reduced recurring urinary tract infections in a trial as effectively as antibiotics whose prevalent use is implicated in antimicrobial resistance.{{cite news |title=Recurring UTIs may be prevented with an antiseptic drug |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2311805-recurring-utis-may-be-prevented-with-an-antiseptic-drug/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Harding |first1=Chris |last2=Mossop |first2=Helen |last3=Homer |first3=Tara |last4=Chadwick |first4=Thomas |last5=King |first5=William |last6=Carnell |first6=Sonya |last7=Lecouturier |first7=Jan |last8=Abouhajar |first8=Alaa |last9=Vale |first9=Luke |last10=Watson |first10=Gillian |last11=Forbes |first11=Rebecca |last12=Currer |first12=Stephanie |last13=Pickard |first13=Robert |last14=Eardley |first14=Ian |last15=Pearce |first15=Ian |last16=Thiruchelvam |first16=Nikesh |last17=Guerrero |first17=Karen |last18=Walton |first18=Katherine |last19=Hussain |first19=Zahid |last20=Lazarowicz |first20=Henry |last21=Ali |first21=Ased |title=Alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: multicentre, open label, randomised, non-inferiority trial |journal=BMJ |date=9 March 2022 |volume=376 |pages=e068229 |doi=10.1136/bmj-2021-0068229 |pmid=35264408 |pmc=8905684 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}
Researchers report that, on average, {{tooltip|2=(here people of age 65+ in 32 developed countries)|the elderly}} played "a leading role in driving up GHG emissions in the past decade and are on the way to becoming the largest contributor" due to factors such as demographic transition, {{tooltip|2='only 58% of the silent generation (born 1928–1945) were concerned about climate change compared with 63% of baby boomers and 73% for millennials (born 1981–1996)'|low informed concern about climate change}} and high expenditures on carbon-intensive products like energy which is used i.a. for heating rooms and private transport.{{cite news |last1=Mel |first1=Svein Inge |title=People over 60 are greenhouse gas emission 'bad guys' |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-people-greenhouse-gas-emission-bad.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Norwegian University of Science |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=Heran |last2=Long |first2=Yin |last3=Wood |first3=Richard |last4=Moran |first4=Daniel |last5=Zhang |first5=Zengkai |last6=Meng |first6=Jing |last7=Feng |first7=Kuishuang |last8=Hertwich |first8=Edgar |last9=Guan |first9=Dabo |title=Ageing society in developed countries challenges carbon mitigation |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=241–248 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01302-y |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..241Z |hdl=11250/3027882 |s2cid=247322718 |language=en |issn=1758-6798|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359121007|url-access=subscription|hdl-access=free }}
Results from a study imply "that all {{tooltip|2=metabolically active organic cells|living}} cells probably possess a common mechanism of [methane] formation". This universal mechanism is based on interactions among ROS, iron and methyl donors.{{cite news |title=Universal mechanism of methane formation discovered |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-universal-mechanism-methane-formation.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Heidelberg University |language=en}}{{cite news |title=Auch unsere Zellen bilden Methan |url=https://www.scinexx.de/news/biowissen/auch-unsere-zellen-bilden-methan/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=scinexx {{!}} Das Wissensmagazin |date=14 March 2022 |language=de-DE}}{{cite journal |last1=Ernst |first1=Leonard |last2=Steinfeld |first2=Benedikt |last3=Barayeu |first3=Uladzimir |last4=Klintzsch |first4=Thomas |last5=Kurth |first5=Markus |last6=Grimm |first6=Dirk |last7=Dick |first7=Tobias P. |last8=Rebelein |first8=Johannes G. |last9=Bischofs |first9=Ilka B. |last10=Keppler |first10=Frank |title=Methane formation driven by reactive oxygen species across all living organisms |journal=Nature |date=March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7901 |pages=482–487 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04511-9 |pmid=35264795 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..482E |s2cid=247361890 |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359124163}}
Scientists demonstrate limits and the scale of challenge of genetic-editing-based de-extinction, suggesting resources spent on more comprehensive de-extinction such as of the woolly mammoth may currently not be well allocated and substantially limited.{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Issam |title=Forget mammoths, study shows how to resurrect Christmas Island rats |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-mammoths-resurrect-christmas-island-rats.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Jianqing |last2=Duchêne |first2=David |last3=Carøe |first3=Christian |last4=Smith |first4=Oliver |last5=Ciucani |first5=Marta Maria |last6=Niemann |first6=Jonas |last7=Richmond |first7=Douglas |last8=Greenwood |first8=Alex D. |last9=MacPhee |first9=Ross |last10=Zhang |first10=Guojie |last11=Gopalakrishnan |first11=Shyam |last12=Gilbert |first12=M. Thomas P. |title=Probing the genomic limits of de-extinction in the Christmas Island rat |journal=Current Biology |date=11 April 2022 |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=1650–1656.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.027 |pmid=35271794 |pmc=9044923 |s2cid=247323087 |language=English |issn=0960-9822}}
Using graphene and molybdenum disulfide, Chinese scientists create a transistor gate with a length of 0.34 nm, equivalent to just one carbon atom, by exploiting the vertical aspect of the device.{{Cite web|title=These Transistor Gates Are Just One Carbon Atom Thick|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/amp/smallest-transistor-one-carbon-atom-2656914949|access-date=17 March 2022|date=17 March 2022|website= IEEE Spectrum|language=en-US}}{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Fan |last2=Tian |first2=He |last3=Shen |first3=Yang |last4=Hou |first4=Zhan |last5=Ren |first5=Jie |last6=Gou |first6=Guangyang |last7=Sun |first7=Yabin |last8=Yang |first8=Yi |last9=Ren |first9=Tian-Ling |title=Vertical MoS2 transistors with sub-1-nm gate lengths |journal=Nature |date=March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7900 |pages=259–264 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04323-3 |pmid=35264756 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..259W |s2cid=247361250 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359121939 |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |url-access=}}
10 March
A study estimates that "relocating current croplands to [environmentally] optimal locations, whilst allowing ecosystems in then-abandoned areas to regenerate, could simultaneously decrease the current carbon, biodiversity, and irrigation water footprint of global crop production by 71%, 87%, and 100%", with relocation only within national borders also having substantial potential.{{cite news |title=Relocating farmland could turn back clock twenty years on carbon emissions, say scientists |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-relocating-farmland-clock-twenty-years.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=University of Cambridge |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Beyer |first1=Robert M. |last2=Hua |first2=Fangyuan |last3=Martin |first3=Philip A. |last4=Manica |first4=Andrea |last5=Rademacher |first5=Tim |title=Relocating croplands could drastically reduce the environmental impacts of global food production |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |date=10 March 2022 |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=49 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00360-6 |bibcode=2022ComEE...3...49B |s2cid=247322845 |language=en |issn=2662-4435|doi-access=free |hdl=10810/61603 |hdl-access=free }}
A study reports that excess mortality data suggests that between Jan 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2021, ~18.2 million people died worldwide because of the COVID-19 pandemic (compared to 5.94 million reported deaths). It notes that further research could help distinguish the proportions directly caused by COVID-19 from those caused by indirect consequences of the pandemic.{{cite journal |last1=Adam |first1=David |title=COVID's true death toll: much higher than official records |journal=Nature |date=10 March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7902 |pages=562 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00708-0|pmid=35277684 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..562A |s2cid=247407282 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Haidong |last2=Paulson |first2=Katherine R. |last3=Pease |first3=Spencer A. |display-authors=et al. |title=Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21 |journal=The Lancet |date=16 April 2022 |volume=399 |issue=10334 |pages=1513–1536 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3 |pmid=35279232 |pmc=8912932 |language=English |issn=0140-6736}}
11 March – Researchers demonstrate electrostatic dust removal from solar panels.{{cite news |title=Static electricity can keep desert solar panels free of dust |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2312079-static-electricity-can-keep-desert-solar-panels-free-of-dust/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Panat |first1=Sreedath |last2=Varanasi |first2=Kripa K. |title=Electrostatic dust removal using adsorbed moisture–assisted charge induction for sustainable operation of solar panels |journal=Science Advances |date=11 March 2022 |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=eabm0078 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abm0078 |pmid=35275728 |pmc=8916732 |bibcode=2022SciA....8M..78P |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}
12 March – Biomedical gerontologists demonstrate a mechanism of anti-aging senolytics, in particular of Dasatinib plus Quercetin (D+Q) – an increase of α-Klotho as shown in mice, human cells and in a human trial.{{cite news |title=Senolytic drugs boost key protective protein |url=https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/senolytic-drugs-boost-key-protective-protein/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Mayo Clinic News Network |date=15 March 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Yi |last2=Prata |first2=Larissa G. P. Langhi |last3=Gerdes |first3=Erin O. Wissler |last4=Netto |first4=Jair Machado Espindola |last5=Pirtskhalava |first5=Tamar |last6=Giorgadze |first6=Nino |last7=Tripathi |first7=Utkarsh |last8=Inman |first8=Christina L. |last9=Johnson |first9=Kurt O. |last10=Xue |first10=Ailing |last11=Palmer |first11=Allyson K. |last12=Chen |first12=Tingjun |last13=Schaefer |first13=Kalli |last14=Justice |first14=Jamie N. |last15=Nambiar |first15=Anoop M. |last16=Musi |first16=Nicolas |last17=Kritchevsky |first17=Stephen B. |last18=Chen |first18=Jun |last19=Khosla |first19=Sundeep |last20=Jurk |first20=Diana |last21=Schafer |first21=Marissa J. |last22=Tchkonia |first22=Tamar |last23=Kirkland |first23=James L. |title=Orally-active, clinically-translatable senolytics restore α-Klotho in mice and humans |journal=eBioMedicine |date=1 March 2022 |volume=77 |page=103912 |doi=10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103912 |pmid=35292270 |pmc=9034457 |language=English |issn=2352-3964}}
14 March – Impact and reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine in science: at least one journal enacts a immediate publishing boycotts against Russia-located researchers or institutions (before 14 Mar).{{cite journal |last1=Else |first1=Holly |title=Ukrainian researchers pressure journals to boycott Russian authors |journal=Nature |pages=559 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00718-y |date=14 March 2022|volume=603 |issue=7902 |pmid=35288680 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..559E |s2cid=247452826 |doi-access=free }} Researchers caution that a surge of various diseases is to be expected due to the war (15 Mar).{{cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=Leslie |title=Surge of HIV, tuberculosis and COVID feared amid war in Ukraine |journal=Nature |pages=557–558 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00748-6 |date=15 March 2022|volume=603 |issue=7902 |pmid=35292767 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..557R |s2cid=247473379 |doi-access=free }} Scientists warn that policy-makers should not abandon sustainable farming practices to increase grain production in response to resulting food insecurity, but change "the demand side which can lead to both a more resilient and more sustainable global food system" (18 Mar){{cite web |title=Food crisis due to Ukraine war calls for demand-side action: less animal products, less waste, and greening EU agricultural policy — Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest-news/food-crisis-due-to-ukraine-war-calls-for-action-less-meat-less-waste-and-greening-eu-agricultural-policy |publisher=Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research |access-date=18 April 2022 |language=en}} – such as limiting the import of animal feed (10 Mar){{cite web |title=Auswirkungen des Ukraine-Kriegs auf Ernährungssicherheit |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-reaction/details/news/auswirkungen-des-ukraine-krieg-auf-ernaehrungssicherheit/ |work=Science Media Centre Germany |access-date=18 April 2022 |language=en}} – and e.g. expanding wheat production in high-productivity areas (22 Mar).{{cite journal |last1=Bentley |first1=Alison |title=Broken bread — avert global wheat crisis caused by invasion of Ukraine |journal=Nature |pages=551 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00789-x |date=22 March 2022|volume=603 |issue=7902 |pmid=35318475 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..551B |s2cid=247616714 |doi-access=free }} Scientists explain why the Ukraine biolabs conspiracy theory is disinformation (11 Mar).{{cite web |title=expert reaction to claims by the Russian Defence Ministry that ethnic-specific bio-agents might have been developed in Ukraine {{!}} Science Media Centre |url=https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-claims-by-the-russian-defence-ministry-that-ethnic-specific-bio-agents-might-have-been-developed-in-ukraine/ |access-date=18 April 2022}} Scientists describe dangers of nuclear energy facilities within war-zones and bombing/shelling of or near them – as well as of waste-sites{{cite news |title=Radioactive waste disposal site near Kyiv hit by airstrike, Ukraine officials say |url=https://news.yahoo.com/radioactive-waste-disposal-site-near-kyiv-hit-by-airstrike-ukraine-officials-say-143227754.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}} – by Russia.{{cite news |title=Russia's war in Ukraine raises nuclear risks, physicists warn |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ukraine-russia-war-nuclear-power-weapons-risk-physics |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Science News |date=7 March 2022}}{{cite web |title=expert reaction to Russian attacks at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant {{!}} Science Media Centre |url=https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-russian-attacks-at-the-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant/ |access-date=18 April 2022}}
15 March – Neuroscientists report that mutations that enable people to naturally sleep as short as five hours reduce Alzheimer's pathology in mice.{{cite news |title='Elite sleeper' genes could offer protection from neurodegenerative diseases |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-quality-quantity.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=University of California, San Francisco |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Dong |first1=Qing |last2=Gentry |first2=Nicholas W. |last3=McMahon |first3=Thomas |last4=Yamazaki |first4=Maya |last5=Benitez-Rivera |first5=Lorena |last6=Wang |first6=Tammy |last7=Gan |first7=Li |last8=Ptáček |first8=Louis |last9=Fu |first9=Ying-Hui |title=Familial natural short sleep mutations reduce Alzheimer pathology in mice |journal=iScience |date=15 April 2022 |volume=25 |issue=4 |page=103964 |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2022.103964 |pmid=35496999 |pmc=9042888 |bibcode=2022iSci...25j3964D |language=English |issn=2589-0042}} On 17 March, a study reports that longer and more frequent daytime naps appears to be associated with higher risk of Alzheimer's dementia.{{cite news |title=Long naps may be early sign of Alzheimer's disease, study shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/mar/17/naps-early-sign-alzheimers-disease-study |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=17 March 2022 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Peng |last2=Gao |first2=Lei |last3=Yu |first3=Lei |last4=Zheng |first4=Xi |last5=Ulsa |first5=Ma Cherrysse |last6=Yang |first6=Hui-Wen |last7=Gaba |first7=Arlen |last8=Yaffe |first8=Kristine |last9=Bennett |first9=David A. |last10=Buchman |first10=Aron S. |last11=Hu |first11=Kun |last12=Leng |first12=Yue |title=Daytime napping and Alzheimer's dementia: A potential bidirectional relationship |journal=Alzheimer's & Dementia |date=17 March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=158–168 |doi=10.1002/alz.12636 |pmid=35297533 |pmc=9481741 |s2cid=247498654 |language=en |issn=1552-5260 }}
16 March
Researchers report that over 80% of the growth of methane emissions during 2010–2019 was caused by tropical terrestrial emissions.{{cite news |title=Tropical methane emissions contribute greatly to recent changes in global atmospheric methane growth rate |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-tropical-methane-emissions-contribute-greatly.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Chinese Academy of Sciences |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Liang |last2=Palmer |first2=Paul I. |last3=Zhu |first3=Sihong |last4=Parker |first4=Robert J. |last5=Liu |first5=Yi |title=Tropical methane emissions explain large fraction of recent changes in global atmospheric methane growth rate |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 March 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1378 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-28989-z |pmid=35297408 |pmc=8927109 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.1378F |language=en |issn=2041-1723}}
Results of a study suggest that many earlier brain–phenotype studies ("{{tooltip|2=brain-wide association studies|BWAS}}") produced invalid conclusions as reproducibility of such studies requires samples from thousands of individuals due to small effect sizes.{{cite news |last1=Richtel |first1=Matt |title=Brain-Imaging Studies Hampered by Small Data Sets, Study Finds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/16/science/brain-imaging-research.html |work=The New York Times |date=16 March 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Marek |first1=Scott |last2=Tervo-Clemmens |first2=Brenden |last3=Calabro |first3=Finnegan J. |last4=Montez |first4=David F. |last5=Kay |first5=Benjamin P. |last6=Hatoum |first6=Alexander S. |last7=Donohue |first7=Meghan Rose |last8=Foran |first8=William |last9=Miller |first9=Ryland L. |last10=Hendrickson |first10=Timothy J. |last11=Malone |first11=Stephen M. |last12=Kandala |first12=Sridhar |last13=Feczko |first13=Eric |last14=Miranda-Dominguez |first14=Oscar |last15=Graham |first15=Alice M. |last16=Earl |first16=Eric A. |last17=Perrone |first17=Anders J. |last18=Cordova |first18=Michaela |last19=Doyle |first19=Olivia |last20=Moore |first20=Lucille A. |last21=Conan |first21=Gregory M. |last22=Uriarte |first22=Johnny |last23=Snider |first23=Kathy |last24=Lynch |first24=Benjamin J. |last25=Wilgenbusch |first25=James C. |last26=Pengo |first26=Thomas |last27=Tam |first27=Angela |last28=Chen |first28=Jianzhong |last29=Newbold |first29=Dillan J. |last30=Zheng |first30=Annie |last31=Seider |first31=Nicole A. |last32=Van |first32=Andrew N. |last33=Metoki |first33=Athanasia |last34=Chauvin |first34=Roselyne J. |last35=Laumann |first35=Timothy O. |last36=Greene |first36=Deanna J. |last37=Petersen |first37=Steven E. |last38=Garavan |first38=Hugh |last39=Thompson |first39=Wesley K. |last40=Nichols |first40=Thomas E. |last41=Yeo |first41=B. T. Thomas |last42=Barch |first42=Deanna M. |last43=Luna |first43=Beatriz |last44=Fair |first44=Damien A. |last45=Dosenbach |first45=Nico U. F. |title=Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals |journal=Nature |date=March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7902 |pages=654–660 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04492-9 |pmid=35296861 |pmc=8991999 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..654M |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359278925 |url-access=subscription}}
18 March
Neuroscientists report that in mice suppression of claustrum appears to attenuate anxiety/stress and increase chronic stress-resistance.{{cite news |title='Switching off' specific brain cells protects against stress |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-specific-brain-cells-stress.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Osaka University |language=en}}{{cite journal |title=Claustrum mediates bidirectional and reversible control of stress-induced anxiety responses |journal=Science Advances |year=2022 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abi6375 |pmid=35302853 |last1=Niu |first1=M. |last2=Kasai |first2=A. |last3=Tanuma |first3=M. |last4=Seiriki |first4=K. |last5=Igarashi |first5=H. |last6=Kuwaki |first6=T. |last7=Nagayasu |first7=K. |last8=Miyaji |first8=K. |last9=Ueno |first9=H. |last10=Tanabe |first10=W. |last11=Seo |first11=K. |last12=Yokoyama |first12=R. |last13=Ohkubo |first13=J. |last14=Ago |first14=Y. |last15=Hayashida |first15=M. |last16=Inoue |first16=K. I. |last17=Takada |first17=M. |last18=Yamaguchi |first18=S. |last19=Nakazawa |first19=T. |last20=Kaneko |first20=S. |last21=Okuno |first21=H. |last22=Yamanaka |first22=A. |last23=Hashimoto |first23=H. |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=eabi6375 |pmc=8932664 |bibcode=2022SciA....8I6375N }}
Scientists report evolution experiments of self-replicating RNA showing a segment of how life may have emerged on Earth (abiogenesis) e.g. from RNA world conditions – from the long self-replicating RNA chemicals {{tooltip|2=here to a 'replicator network comprising five types of RNAs with diverse interactions' such as cooperation for replication of other members (multiple coexisting host and parasite lineages)|to diverse complex molecules}}.{{cite news |title=New insight into the possible origins of life |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-insight-life.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=University of Tokyo |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Mizuuchi |first1=Ryo |last2=Furubayashi |first2=Taro |last3=Ichihashi |first3=Norikazu |title=Evolutionary transition from a single RNA replicator to a multiple replicator network |journal=Nature Communications |date=18 March 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1460 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-29113-x |pmid=35304447 |pmc=8933500 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.1460M |language=en |issn=2041-1723}}
21 March
The number of confirmed exoplanets exceeds 5,000.{{Cite web|title=Cosmic Milestone: NASA Confirms 5,000 Exoplanets|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/cosmic-milestone-nasa-confirms-5000-exoplanets|access-date=22 March 2022|date=21 March 2022|website=NASA|language=en-US}}
Before formal publication of the 'Global Carbon Budget 2021' preprint,{{cite journal |last1=Friedlingstein |first1=Pierre |last2=Jones |first2=Matthew W. |last3=O'Sullivan |first3=Michael |display-authors=et al. |title=Global Carbon Budget 2021 |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=26 April 2022|volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=1917–2005 |doi=10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022 |bibcode=2022ESSD...14.1917F |language=English |issn=1866-3508|doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/545754 |hdl-access=free }}
News report: {{cite news |title=Cut emissions "starting now" – Global Carbon Project experts |url=https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/research/title_909259_en.html |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=University of Exeter |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512104339/https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/research/title_909259_en.html |url-status=dead }} scientists report, based on Carbon Monitor{{cite web |title=Carbon monitor |url=https://carbonmonitor.org/ |website=carbonmonitor.org |access-date=19 April 2022}} data, that after COVID-19-pandemic-caused record-level declines in 2020, global {{CO2}} emissions rebounded sharply by 4.8% in 2021, indicating that at the current trajectory, the 1.5 °C carbon budget would be used up within 9.5 years with a {{frac|2|3}} likelihood.{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Zhu |last2=Deng |first2=Zhu |last3=Davis |first3=Steven J. |last4=Giron |first4=Clement |last5=Ciais |first5=Philippe |title=Monitoring global carbon emissions in 2021 |journal=Nature Reviews Earth & Environment |date=April 2022 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=217–219 |doi=10.1038/s43017-022-00285-w |pmid=35340723 |pmc=8935618 |bibcode=2022NRvEE...3..217L |language=en |issn=2662-138X}}

File:Biophysical Effects on Global Temperature From Deforestation by 10° Latitude Band.jpg

23 March – A far-UVC (ultraviolet light) air purification system is demonstrated by scientists, which can reduce levels of an airborne pathogen by 98% within minutes. This is equivalent to 184 air changes per hour – better than HEPA air cleaners – and is proposed as a solution for COVID-19 and other future pandemics.{{Cite web|title=New type of ultraviolet light makes indoor air as safe as outdoors|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220323101249.htm|access-date=28 March 2022|date=25 March 2022|website=Science Daily|language=en-US}}{{cite journal |last1=Eadie |first1=Ewan |last2=Hiwar |first2=Waseem |last3=Fletcher |first3=Louise |last4=Tidswell |first4=Emma |last5=O’Mahoney |first5=Paul |last6=Buonanno |first6=Manuela |last7=Welch |first7=David |last8=Adamson |first8=Catherine S. |last9=Brenner |first9=David J. |last10=Noakes |first10=Catherine |last11=Wood |first11=Kenneth |title=Far-UVC (222 nm) efficiently inactivates an airborne pathogen in a room-sized chamber |journal=Scientific Reports |date=23 March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=4373 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-08462-z |pmid=35322064 |pmc=8943125 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.4373E |language=en |issn=2045-2322}} On 9 March, a study reports promising results of tests of durably biocide treated air filters for preventing the spread of airborne pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, including of field trials onboard public rail transport.{{cite news |title=New antimicrobial air filters tested on trains rapidly kill SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-antimicrobial-air-filters-rapidly-sars-cov-.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=University of Birmingham |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=Rowan |last2=Oldfield |first2=Morwenna |last3=Bryant |first3=Jack A. |last4=Riordan |first4=Lily |last5=Hill |first5=Harriet J. |last6=Watts |first6=Julie A. |last7=Alexander |first7=Morgan R. |last8=Cox |first8=Michael J. |last9=Stamataki |first9=Zania |last10=Scurr |first10=David J. |last11=de Cogan |first11=Felicity |title=Efficacy of antimicrobial and anti-viral coated air filters to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens |journal=Scientific Reports |date=9 March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=2803 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-06579-9 |pmid=35264599 |pmc=8907282 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.2803W |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}
24 March
A physical speed limit for electronic computers, optoelectronics, of approximately one petahertz (10¹⁵ Hz) is reported. This theoretical maximum is about 100,000 times faster than modern transistors.{{Cite web|title=Quantum Physics Sets a Speed Limit to Electronics|url=https://www.tuwien.at/en/tu-wien/news/news-articles/news/bitte-erst-ab-1100-die-hoechstgeschwindigkeit-der-quanten|access-date=26 March 2022|date=24 March 2022|website=Vienna University of Technology|language=en-US}}{{cite journal |last1=Ossiander |first1=M. |last2=Golyari |first2=K. |last3=Scharl |first3=K. |last4=Lehnert |first4=L. |last5=Siegrist |first5=F. |last6=Bürger |first6=J. P. |last7=Zimin |first7=D. |last8=Gessner |first8=J. A. |last9=Weidman |first9=M. |last10=Floss |first10=I. |last11=Smejkal |first11=V. |last12=Donsa |first12=S. |last13=Lemell |first13=C. |last14=Libisch |first14=F. |last15=Karpowicz |first15=N. |last16=Burgdörfer |first16=J. |last17=Krausz |first17=F. |last18=Schultze |first18=M. |title=The speed limit of optoelectronics |journal=Nature Communications |date=25 March 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1620 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-29252-1 |pmid=35338120 |pmc=8956609 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.1620O |language=en |issn=2041-1723}}
Scientists review the biophysical mechanisms by which forests influence climate, showing that beyond 50°N large scale deforestation leads to a net global cooling, that tropical Deforestation and climate change {{tooltip|2=which makes carbon-centric metrics inadequate|from non-{{CO2}}-impacts}}, and that as well as how standing tropical forests help cool the average global temperature by more than 1 °C.{{cite news |title=Forests help reduce global warming in more ways than one |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/forest-trees-reduce-global-warming-climate-cooling-carbon |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Science News |date=24 March 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Lawrence |first1=Deborah |last2=Coe |first2=Michael |last3=Walker |first3=Wayne |last4=Verchot |first4=Louis |last5=Vandecar |first5=Karen |title=The Unseen Effects of Deforestation: Biophysical Effects on Climate |journal=Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |date=2022 |volume=5 |page=756115 |doi=10.3389/ffgc.2022.756115 |bibcode=2022FrFGC...5.6115L |issn=2624-893X |doi-access=free }}
Researchers report the development of the first prototype, photonic, {{tooltip|2=it is 'able to produce memristive dynamics on single-photon states through a scheme of measurement and classical feedback'|quantum memristive device}} for neuromorphic (quantum-)computers/artificial neural networks.{{cite news |title=Artificial neurons go quantum with photonic circuits |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-artificial-neurons-quantum-photonic-circuits.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=University of Vienna |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Spagnolo |first1=Michele |last2=Morris |first2=Joshua |last3=Piacentini |first3=Simone |last4=Antesberger |first4=Michael |last5=Massa |first5=Francesco |last6=Crespi |first6=Andrea |last7=Ceccarelli |first7=Francesco |last8=Osellame |first8=Roberto |last9=Walther |first9=Philip |title=Experimental photonic quantum memristor |journal=Nature Photonics |date=April 2022 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=318–323 |doi=10.1038/s41566-022-00973-5 |arxiv=2105.04867 |bibcode=2022NaPho..16..318S |s2cid=234358015 |language=en |issn=1749-4893}}
25 March – Genetic engineers report field test results that show CRISPR-based gene knockout of KRN2 in maize and OsKRN2 in rice increased grain yields by ~10% and ~8% and did not find any negative effects.{{cite news |title=Rice and maize yields boosted up to 10 per cent by CRISPR gene editing |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2313582-rice-and-maize-yields-boosted-up-to-10-per-cent-by-crispr-gene-editing/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Wenkang |last2=Chen |first2=Lu |last3=Zhang |first3=Xuan |last4=Yang |first4=Ning |last5=Guo |first5=Jianghua |last6=Wang |first6=Min |last7=Ji |first7=Shenghui |last8=Zhao |first8=Xiangyu |last9=Yin |first9=Pengfei |last10=Cai |first10=Lichun |last11=Xu |first11=Jing |last12=Zhang |first12=Lili |last13=Han |first13=Yingjia |last14=Xiao |first14=Yingni |last15=Xu |first15=Gen |last16=Wang |first16=Yuebin |last17=Wang |first17=Shuhui |last18=Wu |first18=Sheng |last19=Yang |first19=Fang |last20=Jackson |first20=David |last21=Cheng |first21=Jinkui |last22=Chen |first22=Saihua |last23=Sun |first23=Chuanqing |last24=Qin |first24=Feng |last25=Tian |first25=Feng |last26=Fernie |first26=Alisdair R. |last27=Li |first27=Jiansheng |last28=Yan |first28=Jianbing |last29=Yang |first29=Xiaohong |title=Convergent selection of a WD40 protein that enhances grain yield in maize and rice |journal=Science |date=25 March 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6587 |pages= eabg7985|doi=10.1126/science.abg7985 |pmid=35324310 |s2cid=247677363 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abg7985|url-access=subscription}}
30 March – WHL0137-LS, also known as Earendel, is reported as the farthest individual star ever discovered, its light having taken 12.9 billion years to reach Earth.{{Cite web|title=Record broken: Hubble spots farthest star ever seen|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220330124628.htm|access-date=31 March 2022|date=30 March 2022|website=Science Daily|language=en-US}}{{cite journal |last1=Welch |first1=Brian |last2=Coe |first2=Dan |last3=Diego |first3=Jose M. |display-authors=et al. |title=A highly magnified star at redshift 6.2 |journal=Nature |date=March 2022 |volume=603 |issue=7903 |pages=815–818 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04449-y |pmid=35354998 |arxiv=2209.14866 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..815W |s2cid=247842625 |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359611537 |url-access=subscription}}
31 March
Astronomers report the discovery of K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb as the most distant exoplanet found by Kepler to date, at 17,000 light years.{{cite journal |author=Specht, D. |display-authors=et al.|title=Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |year=2023 |volume=520 |issue=4 |pages=6350–6366 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad212 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2203.16959 }}{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=The Most Distant Exoplanet Ever Found by Kepler Is... Surprisingly Familiar |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/kepler-s-data-most-distant-planet-detection-is-a-jupiter-twin-17-000-light-years-away |date=4 April 2022 |work=ScienceAlert |accessdate=4 April 2022 }}
Depletion of ozone in the stratosphere and, more importantly (60%), ozone increase in the troposphere is shown to be responsible for ~30% of upper Southern Ocean interior warming between 1955 and 2000.{{cite news |title=Ozone may be heating the planet more than we realize |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-ozone-planet.html |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=University of Reading |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Hegglin |first2=Michaela I. |last3=Checa-Garcia |first3=Ramiro |last4=Li |first4=Shouwei |last5=Gillett |first5=Nathan P. |last6=Lyu |first6=Kewei |last7=Zhang |first7=Xuebin |last8=Swart |first8=Neil C. |title=Stratospheric ozone depletion and tropospheric ozone increases drive Southern Ocean interior warming |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=April 2022 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=365–372 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01320-w |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..365L |s2cid=247844868 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359643522 |language=en |issn=1758-6798|url-access=}}

Deaths

18 January – Sir David Cox, English statistician (b. 1924){{cite web|url=https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/genius-statistician-and-honorary-fellow-dies-aged-97|title='Genius' statistician and Honorary Fellow dies aged 97|publisher=St John's College, University of Cambridge|date=2022-01-20|accessdate=2022-02-09}}
15 March – Eugene Parker, American solar and plasma physicist (b. 1927)
20 March – Wen Shengchang, Chinese oceanographer and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (b. 1921)
23 March – Arthur Riggs, American geneticist (b. 1939)
27 March – Martin Pope, American physical scientist (b. 1918)
27 March – James Vaupel, American demographer and aging researcher (b. 1945)
29 March – Paul Benioff, American physicist of quantum computing (b. 1930)
30 March – Kenneth Walters, British mathematician and rheologist (b. 1934)

References

Category:2022-related lists

Category:Science timelines by year