Jijel
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Jijel
|native_name = جيجل
|native_name_lang = ar
|settlement_type = City
|motto = "From the people, for the people"
|image_skyline = Jijel 39, Wilaya de Jijel (Algérie).JPG
|image_caption = Jijel
|image_map = DZ 18 Jijel.svg
|mapsize = 180px
|map_caption = Location of Jijel in the Jijel Province
|pushpin_map = Algeria
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Jijel in Algeria
|pushpin_relief = 1
|coordinates = {{coord|36|49|N|05|45|E|type:city_region:DZ|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}}
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Jijel Province
|subdivision_type2 = District
|subdivision_name2 = Jijel District
|government_type = Municipality
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Yazid Abdellah
|established_title = APC
|established_date = 2012-2017
|area_total_km2 = 62.38
|population_as_of = 2008 census
|population_total = 131513
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = CET
|utc_offset = +1
|elevation_m = 10
|iso_code = CP
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 18000
|website = {{URL|http://www.jijel-dz.org/}}
|module = {{Infobox lighthouse | embed = yes | qid = Q106097461
| foundation = stone base
| construction = masonry tower
| shape = octagonal tower with balcony and lantern attached to the front 2-storey keeper’s house{{Cite rowlett|dzae|access-date=30 April 2017}}
| marking = white tower, red lantern
| height = {{convert|16.8|m|ft}}
| focalheight = {{convert|45.2|m|ft}}
| lightsource = main power
| characteristic = Fl R 5s.{{cite ngall|113|2015|}}
| managingagent = Office Nationale de Signalisation Maritime
}}}}
Jijel ({{langx|ar|جيجل}}), the classical Igilgili, is the capital of Jijel Province in north-eastern Algeria. It is flanked by the Mediterranean Sea in the region of Corniche Jijelienne and had a population of 131,513 in 2008.
Jijel is the administrative and trade center for a region specialising in cork processing, leather tanning and steelmaking. Local crops include citrus and grain. Fishing is also of great importance. Tourists (mainly Algerians) are attracted to Jijel for its landscapes and fine sand beaches. Being a resort town, there are many hotels and restaurants. There are Phoenician tombs nearby.
Geography
Jijel is situated 30 km from Taza National Park; this national park and other vicinity features support a variety of flora and fauna. It is an important habitat for the endangered Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus.C. Michael Hogan. 2008
=Climate=
Jijel has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Köppen climate classification).
{{Weather box
|location = Jijel (Jijel Ferhat Abbas Airport) 1991–2020
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan record high C = 26.5
| Feb record high C = 28.5
| Mar record high C = 36.0
| Apr record high C = 34.3
| May record high C = 39.7
| Jun record high C = 42.8
| Jul record high C = 46.7
| Aug record high C = 44.8
| Sep record high C = 43.6
| Oct record high C = 40.0
| Nov record high C = 32.7
| Dec record high C = 28.0
| year record high C = 46.7
| Jan high C =16.4
| Feb high C =16.5
| Mar high C =18.6
| Apr high C =20.5
| May high C =23.6
| Jun high C =27.7
| Jul high C =30.6
| Aug high C =31.5
| Sep high C =28.7
| Oct high C =25.6
| Nov high C =20.7
| Dec high C =17.7
| year high C =23.2
| Jan mean C =11.7
| Feb mean C =11.7
| Mar mean C =13.5
| Apr mean C =15.5
| May mean C =18.6
| Jun mean C =22.3
| Jul mean C =25.2
| Aug mean C =26.2
| Sep mean C =23.7
| Oct mean C =20.5
| Nov mean C =16.0
| Dec mean C =13.0
| year mean C =18.2
| Jan low C =6.9
| Feb low C =6.8
| Mar low C =8.5
| Apr low C =10.4
| May low C =13.5
| Jun low C =17.0
| Jul low C =19.8
| Aug low C =20.8
| Sep low C =18.8
| Oct low C =15.5
| Nov low C =11.2
| Dec low C =8.2
| year low C =13.1
| Jan record low C = -0.1
| Feb record low C = -0.1
| Mar record low C = 1.5
| Apr record low C = 3.2
| May record low C = 3.8
| Jun record low C = 9.0
| Jul record low C = 13.0
| Aug record low C = 14.5
| Sep record low C = 11.1
| Oct record low C = 8.3
| Nov record low C = 3.5
| Dec record low C = 1.7
| year record low C = -0.1
| Jan precipitation mm =136.4
| Feb precipitation mm =120.9
| Mar precipitation mm =96.4
| Apr precipitation mm =77.3
| May precipitation mm =49.6
| Jun precipitation mm =14.2
| Jul precipitation mm =2.5
| Aug precipitation mm =13.8
| Sep precipitation mm =64.7
| Oct precipitation mm =106.4
| Nov precipitation mm =156.7
| Dec precipitation mm =172.0
| year precipitation mm =1010.9
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days =11.3
| Feb precipitation days =10.6
| Mar precipitation days =8.3
| Apr precipitation days =8.1
| May precipitation days =5.1
| Jun precipitation days =2.4
| Jul precipitation days =0.6
| Aug precipitation days =2.2
| Sep precipitation days =6.5
| Oct precipitation days =7.8
| Nov precipitation days =11.3
| Dec precipitation days =11.6
| year precipitation days =85.8
| Jan sun = 156.4
| Feb sun = 169.0
| Mar sun = 210.0
| Apr sun = 232.2
| May sun = 274.6
| Jun sun = 312.1
| Jul sun = 346.4
| Sep sun = 243.4
| Oct sun = 214.8
| Nov sun = 155.9
| Dec sun = 147.1
| source = NOAA{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230927165422/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Algeria/CSV/JijelAeroport_60351.csv
| archive-date = 27 September 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Algeria/CSV/JijelAeroport_60351.csv
| title = Jijel Aeroport Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 27 September 2023}}
}}
History
{{main|Igilgili}}
Originally Phoenician, Igilgili passed to the Carthaginians, the Roman Republic and Empire, the Vandals, the Byzantines, the Umayyads, the Genovese, and the Ottomans. It was conquered for the last time in the 16th century by Hayreddin Barbarossa.
In the book Al Istibsar fi 'agaib al-Amsar, written in the late 12th century, the author describes the city as:كتاب الاستبصار في عجائب الأمصار، لكاتب مراكشي من كتاب القرن السادس الهجري، نشر وتعليق: سعد زغلول عبد الحميد. الدار البيضاء، دار النشر المغربية 1985
"It is an ancient city on the sea, with an old wall that extends into the sea, and it has great strategic significance. The city is abundant in grapes, apples, and fruits. From it, fruits, grapes, and debes are carried to the city of Béjaïa. On this city stands Mount Ketama, known as Mount Zaldwa, a very fertile area with many Berber tribes. It was here that the call of Abdullah al-Da‘i took place. Between Jijel and Béjaïa, on the coast, there is a place called Al-Mansuriyya, with a great mountain above it."
In July 1664, the French took the city. Resistance was organised under the direction of Shaban Aga and the French were driven out in October of the same year. Jijel remained a corsair stronghold until recaptured by the French in 1839. Strong local resistance, finally subdued in 1851, resulted in the construction of three forts along its southern fringe as well as minimal colonisation. The original town was devastated by an earthquake in 1856.
Communications
Due to the rugged landscape, Jijel is slightly isolated. However, it is connected by road to large cities like Bejaïa (90 km west), Setif (135 km southwest) and Constantine (150 km southeast). The city also has its own airport Jijel Ferhat Abbas Airport.
Infrastructure
Jijel is built along modern patterns with wide streets framed by trees. The surroundings consist largely of dense cork-oak forest. A peninsula lies right out from the coast and there is a citadel to the north. There is a hospital, previously a Catholic church (which was demolished), mosques and University of Jijel.
Port
A relatively new port has been built at Djen Djen,Enterprise Portuaire de Djen Djen. 2009 approximately 7 miles east of Jijel, which can handle large bulk carriers having a draft up to 18.2m. Presently, the port is mainly used by car carriers and break bulk vessels.
See also
Sources
- C. Michael Hogan. 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831095518/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg]
- Encyclopædia Britannica. 2002. Edition 15, v. 6 {{ISBN|0-85229-787-4}}, {{ISBN|978-0-85229-787-2}}
- Enterprise Portuaire de Djen Djen. 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081103131121/http://www.djendjen-port.com.dz/equip.htm Port Authority Website]
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{commons category|position=left|Jijel}}
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{{Province seats of Algeria}}
{{Jijel Province}}
{{Authority control | additional=Q106097461}}
Category:Communes of Jijel Province
Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Algeria