Joint task force

{{Short description|Ad hoc military formation}}

{{Redirect|JTF|other uses|JTF (disambiguation)}}

A joint task force is a "joint" (multi-service) ad hoc military formation. The task force concept originated with the United States Navy in the 1920s and 1930s.{{sfn|Robinson|2020|page=109}}

"Combined" is the British-American military term for multi-national formations.

File:NATO Task Group 100.1 ships during BALTOPS 1985.jpeg, 1985]]

There are two ways in which a U.S. or U.S.-allied task force may be assigned a number.{{sfn|Robinson|2020|pages=109–110}} The first is the originally naval scheme promulgated and governed by the Military Command, Control, Communications, and Computers Executive Board (MC4EB), chaired by the Joint Staff J6. Task force numbers allocated under this scheme form the majority of the listings below.

The second is a by-product of the U.S. Army's procedure for forming task-organised forces for combat, differing from strictly doctrinally assigned table of organization and equipment organizations. A battalion, company or brigade commander has very wide latitude in selecting a task force name,See Larry Bond, 'Cauldron' (fiction) or Hackworth, 'About Face'. though often the name of the commander is used (e.g. Task Force Faith; Task Force Smith was named for the commander of the 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment). This has often resulted in derivations from the originator unit's numerical designation being used. For example, when a special operations aviation unit was being formed in the late 1970s, the original unit drew heavily on personnel from the 158th Aviation. The designation chosen was Task Force 158, which later grew to become the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. Another example comes from 2004 in Afghanistan. On 15 April 2004 the headquarters of the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry Division arrived in Afghanistan and took command of CJTF-180 from the 10th Mountain Division. Lieutenant General David Barno, commanding then decided to rename CJTF 180 because the “180” designation had traditionally been given to Joint task forces led by the Army's XVIII Airborne Corps. Barno chose Combined Joint Task Force 76 as the new name to evoke America's history and the democratic spirit of 1776.Lieutenant General David W. Barno, interview by Center for Military History, 21 November 2006, 31–32, in A Different Kind of War. The CFC-A commander intended this new designation to highlight the change in command at the operational level at a time when Afghanistan appeared to be moving closer to democracy.

File:Operation Corporate command structure 1982.png

No coordination appears to occur between U.S. Army task forces designated in this way, and the USMCEB scheme. This has resulted in simultaneous designations being used at the same time. For example, Combined Joint Task Force 76, was in use in Afghanistan in 2004, but doubling up on the Task Force 76 designation used for decades by Amphibious Force, United States Seventh Fleet, in north Asia.

Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX){{cite web|last=Whitfield|first=Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Nichelle N.|title=Nimitz Carrier Strike Group Completes JTFEX|url=https://www.cpf.navy.mil/news.aspx/010039|access-date=2021-03-06|website=www.cpf.navy.mil|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020143646/https://www.cpf.navy.mil/news.aspx/010039|url-status=dead}} is designed to test a strike group's ability to operate in hostile and complex environments with other U.S. and coalition forces. The integrated exercise combines specific warfare areas with the purpose of making preparations for the strike group's upcoming deployment. An example of such an exercise includes The John F. Kennedy (CV-67) Carrier Battle Group which participated in Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX) 02–1,{{cite web|title=US Navy in Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001-2002|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-operation-enduring-freedom-2001-2002.html|access-date=2021-03-06|website=NHHC}} in the waters off the East Coast as well as on training ranges in North Carolina and Florida during Operation Enduring Freedom January 19, 2002

Numbered USMCEB joint task forces

Allied Communications Publication 113: Call Signs Book for Ships in its Annex B lists allocations of task force numbers from 1 to approximately 1000, allocated by the United States Military Communications-Electronic Board in blocks for use by the United States Department of Defense and allies.

Norman Polmar noted in Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, 2005, that the task forces under the commanders of the Atlantic and Pacific Fleet are mainly for contingency purposes.Norman Polmar, Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, Naval Institute Press, 2005, p.37 They are employed for specific operations and exercises.

Combined Task Force (CTF) 13 conducted a simulated long range raid on Camp Hanson, Okinawa Japan, March 21, 2016. CTF-13 conducted the raid, which commenced in South Korea, to demonstrate air assault, multi-continent long-range raid capabilities. CTF 13 included 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines.

class="wikitable sortable"
width=170| Joint task force || Abbrev. || State

! Notes

Joint Task Force 1align=right| {{sortnameJTF-1001|nolink=1}}US

| Operation Crossroads, Task Force One later utilized for Operation Sea Orbit

Joint Task Force 2align=right| {{sortnameJTF-2002|nolink=1}}CAN

| In September 1964, Major General George Brown was selected to organize and command JTF-2, a Joint Chiefs of Staff organization formed at Sandia Base, New Mexico, to test the services' weapon systems. It was staffed by personnel of all three services.{{sfn|Puryear|1983|pp=132–133}} Low Altitude Program nuclear test organisation, 1965–70.National Archives and Records Administration, [https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/374.html#374.5.2 Federal Record Group 374.5.2], accessed June 2013. In 1990s seemingly transferred to Canada, possibly completely out of USMCEB formal system for use by Canadian special forces. The Canadian SOF unit that took this designation was formed on 1 April 1993.

Joint Task Force 3align=right| {{sortnameJTF-3003|nolink=1}}US

| Formed late 1949 in preparation for Operation Greenhouse nuclear test series.Barton C. Hacker, 'Elements of Controversy'.

Joint Task Force 4align=right| {{sortnameJTF-4004|nolink=1}}US

|From 1960 to 1 December 1963, planning headquarters for Sub-Saharan Africa, responsible to Atlantic Command. Lt Gen Louis W. Truman reassigned as chief of staff for Caribbean operations during Cuban Missile Crisis. Superseded by creation of CINCMEAFSA (Commander-in-Chief U.S. Strike Command).History of the Unified Command Plan 1946-2012, pp. 22-24. Drug interdiction task force in Caribbean Sea from December 1989. Became Joint Interagency Task Force East on 1 October 1994.{{cite book | url=https://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/5500053900.pdf | title=The Intervasion of Haiti, Professional Paper 539 | publisher=Center for Naval Analyses | author=Siegel, Adam B. | date=August 1996 | page=12 | access-date=2014-04-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415050743/https://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/5500053900.pdf | archive-date=2014-04-15 | url-status=dead }} Later amalgamated into Joint Interagency Task Force South in 1994. Later became post-conflict reconstruction task force, eventually to become the ill-fated Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance.

Joint Task Force 5align=right| {{sortnameJTF-5005|nolink=1}}US

| Drug interdiction task force at Coast Guard Island, Alameda, California, from December 1989. Later became Joint Interagency Task Force West.

Joint Task Force 6align=right| {{sortnameJTF-6006}}US

| Drug interdiction task force at El Paso, Texas, from December 1989. Became Joint Task Force North in 2004. Now seemingly Task Force 6, the naval component commander, U.S. Africa Command, an additional duty post for Commander, Sixth Fleet.Science Advisor, NAVEUR/NAVAF/Sixth Fleet, [http://paxpartnership.org/Knowledgebase/Attach/Shaffer%20NAVEUR-NAVAF-C6F.pdf Science and Technology Shortfalls] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215816/http://paxpartnership.org/Knowledgebase/Attach/Shaffer%20NAVEUR-NAVAF-C6F.pdf |date=2014-02-02 }}, 26 June 2012, accessed January 2014.

Joint Task Force 7align=right| {{sortnameJTF-7007|nolink=1}}US

| Operation Sandstone, a series of nuclear weapon tests in 1948; Operation Chromite, Inchon amphibious landing under Vice Admiral Arthur Struble. As Commander, Joint Task Force Seven, and Commander, Seventh Fleet, Struble was in command of the amphibious phase of the operation.{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/books/PD-C-09.HTM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124114325/http://www.history.army.mil/books/pd-c-09.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 24, 2008|title=CHAPTER IX: Operation CHROMITE: The Forces|website=history.army.mil}} Used for Operation Castle atomic tests in the 1940s-1950s.

Combined Joint Task Force 7align=right| {{sortnameCJTF-7007|nolink=1}}US

| CJTF 7 was the interim military formation that directed the U.S. military effort in Iraq between June 2003 and May 2004.

Joint Task Force 8align=right| {{sortnameJTF-8008|nolink=1}}US

| TF 8 was the {{USS|Enterprise|CV-6}} carrier task force in 1941; during the 1942 Aleutian Islands campaign Rear Admiral Robert A. Theobald commanded Task Force 8 afloat. Theobald as Commander North Pacific Force (ComNorPac) reported to Admiral Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief Pacific Ocean Areas, in Hawaii. Task Force 8 consisted of five cruisers, thirteen destroyers, three tankers, six submarines, as well as naval aviation elements of Fleet Air Wing Four.{{cite web|author=Tony DiGiulian |url=http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Midway.htm |title=Orders of Battle - Battle of Midway and Aleutians - Battles of the Pacific - World War II |publisher=NavWeaps |date= |access-date=2022-10-05}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Aleutians/USN-CN-Aleutians-3.html#page22 |title=USN Combat Narrative: The Aleutians Campaign |publisher=Ibiblio.org |date= |access-date=2022-10-05}} Later JTF 8 was the Operation Dominic nuclear test organization, April–November 1962.See [https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7117930-operation-dominic-technical-report Operation Dominic Technical Report], 1 February 1983; full report accessible via https://www.osti.gov/opennet/servlets/purl/16389215.pdf; Insignia visible at [https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-84000/NH-84302-KN.html Joint Task Force 8 insignia].

Joint Task Force 11align=right| {{sortnameJTF-11011|nolink=1}}US

| During World War II, Task Force 11 was a United States Navy aircraft carrier task force in the Pacific theater.
JTF at Soto Cano Air Base, 1983. By 1984 redesignated Joint Task Force Bravo.

Task Force 12align=right| {{sortnameTF-12012|nolink=1}}US

| Theater Anti-Submarine Warfare Force, Pacific / Patrol and Reconnaissance Force, Pacific (PATRECONFORPAC).Globalsecurity.org, [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/patreconforpac.htm Patrol and Reconnaissance Force, Pacific]

Task Force 13align=right| {{sortnameTF-13013|nolink=1}}US

|In 1945, was Amphibious Training Command, U.S. Pacific Fleet.{{cite web|author=Stephen Svonavec|title=United States Pacific Fleet December 1, 1943 (CINCPAC War Diary)|url=http://www.fleetorganization.com/1943pacific.html}}

Task Force 14align=right| {{sortnameTF-14014|nolink=1}}US

|Force sent to raid Wake Island on 5–6 October 1943. Under Rear Admiral Alfred E. Montgomery, the force included Essex, Lexington, {{USS|Yorktown|CV-10}}, USS Cowpens (CVL-25), two other escort carriers, two heavy and four light cruisers, and 24 destroyers.{{cite web|title=Task Force 14|url=http://pacific.valka.cz/forces/tf14.htm|access-date=2022-12-12}}

Task Force 15align=right| {{sortnameTF-15015|nolink=1}}US

|Task Group 15.5 was the Pensacola Convoy, 1941-42.

Task Force 16align=right| {{sortnameTF-16016|nolink=1}}US

|Celebrated carrier task force c. 1941–42; Service Force, Pacific Fleet, by 1943; Maritime Defense Zone, U.S. Pacific Fleet, commanded by a Coast Guard officer (2005).

Task Force 17align=right| {{sortnameTF-17017|nolink=1}}US

| Celebrated carrier task force during World War II; Submarines, Pacific Fleet, 1943; Naval Air Forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet (2005).

Task Force 18align=right| {{sortnameTF-18018|nolink=1}}US

| {{USS|Hornet|CV-8}}'s task force for 1942 Doolittle Raid; Minecraft, Pacific Fleet, under Rear Admiral Alexander Sharp, 1 May 1945 (sometime flagship was {{USS|Terror|CM-5}});{{sfn|History.navy.mil|1945}} Sealift forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet (2005).

Task Force 19align=right| {{sortnameTF-19019|nolink=1}}US

| Air Force, Pacific, December 1, 1943, under Vice Admiral John Towers.

Task Force 20align=right| {{sortnameTF-20020|nolink=1}}US

| Task Group 20.5, a carrier battle group built around {{USS|Independence|CV-62}}, was part of Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada, 1982. Deputy Commander, Fleet and Joint Operations, U.S. Fleet Forces Command, with responsibility for subordinate seagoing formations, until 1 October 2012.

Task Force 25align=right| {{sortnameTF-25021|nolink=1}}US

| Caribbean Contingency Force, United States Second Fleet

Task Forces 30-39align=right| {{sortnameTF-30030|nolink=1}}US

| All allocated to United States Third Fleet

Task Force 31align=right| {{sortnameTF-31031|nolink=1}}US

|

Task Force 35align=right| {{sortnameTF-35037|nolink=1}}US

| Service forces, South Pacific Force, Rear Admiral Cobb, December 1, 1943.

Task Force 38align=right| {{sortnameTF-38038|nolink=1}}US

| Fast Carrier Task Force, World War II.

Task Force 44align=right| {{sortnameTF-44044|nolink=1}}US

|

Task Forces 50-57align=right| {{sortnameTF-50050|nolink=1}}US

| All allocated to United States Fifth Fleet

Task Force 57align=right| {{sortnameTF-57057|nolink=1}}US

|

Task Force 58align=right| {{sortnameTF-58058|nolink=1}}US

| Recently Maritime Surveillance Force in the North Persian Gulf. Fast Carrier Task Force, World War II.

Task Force 60align=right| {{sortnameTF-60060|nolink=1}}US

| United States Sixth Fleet; Battle Force from c.1950s-c.2010

Task Force 61align=right| {{sortnameTF-61061|nolink=1}}US

| United States Sixth Fleet

Task Force 64align=right| {{sortnameTF-64064|nolink=1}}US

|On 23 September 1942, {{USS|San Francisco|CA-38}}, Salt Lake City, Minneapolis, {{USS|Chester|CA-27|2}}, {{USS|Boise|CL-47|2}}, and {{USS|Helena|CL-50|2}}, and Destroyer Squadron 12 (DesRon 12) became TF 64, a surface screening and attack force under the command of Rear Admiral Norman Scott in San Francisco. The next day, the force headed to the New Hebrides. Now United States Sixth Fleet.

Task Force 67align=right| {{sortnameTF-67067|nolink=1}}US

|

Task Force 73align=right| {{sortnameTF-73073|nolink=1}}US

| Commander, Logistics Group, Western Pacific, Seventh Fleet, Singapore.

Task Force 74align=right| {{sortnameTF-74074|nolink=1}}US

| Submarine Force, U.S. Seventh Fleet. Previously Enterprise task force during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Task Force 76align=right| {{sortnameTF-76076|nolink=1}}US

| Amphibious Force, United States Seventh Fleet. CJTF 76 was a designation given to a division-sized U.S. Army task force in Afghanistan, seemingly outside the formal USMCEB system.

Task Force 77align=right| {{sortnameTF-77077|nolink=1}}US

| Carrier Striking Force, U.S. Seventh Fleet. {{As of|2016}} built around Carrier Strike Group Five. Also used by a USSOCOM task force, the former Task Force 145, seemingly not within the USMCEB numbering scheme.

Task Force 80align=right| {{sortnameTF-80080|nolink=1}}US

|Roughly in the 2012-2015 period, TF-80 was the Maritime Headquarters component for the U.S. Fleet Forces Command.

Task Force 84align=right| {{sortnameTF-84084|nolink=1}}US

|Seemingly Anti-Submarine Warfare Force, Atlantic (ASWFORLANT).[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060034/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=20436 CTF 84 Reserve Unit Established], October 5, 2005

Task Force 88align=right| {{sortnameTF-88088|nolink=1}}US

|Used during World War II for Task Force 88 (Operation Dragoon); after World War II for Task Force 88 (Operation Argus). Also used by a USSOCOM task force, seemingly not within the USMCEB numbering scheme.

Task Force 90align=right| {{sortnameTF-90090|nolink=1}}US

|Aircraft, North Pacific Force (Maj Gen Davenport Johnson USA, commanding general, Eleventh Air Force), 1 May 1945.{{sfn|History.navy.mil|1945}} Amphibious Force, Naval Forces Far East, during the Korean War, and later involved in Operation Passage to Freedom.

Task Force 91align=right| {{sortnameTF-91091|nolink=1}}US

|Allocated to North Pacific Force, 1945 (as was Task Force 92 as well).{{sfn|History.navy.mil|1945}} In 1944, Rear Admiral Ralph Wood was appointed as Commandant, Seventeenth Naval District, which comprised all of Alaska, together with additional duties (ADDU) as Commander Task Force 91; Fleet Air Wing Four; Deputy Commander, Alaskan Sea Frontier; and Deputy Commander of the North Pacific Force and Area.{{cite web|title= Alaska Statehood: Hearings Before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, Eighty-first Congress, Second Session, on H. R. 331, an Act to Provide for the Admission of Alaska Into the Union, and S. 2036, a Bill to Provide for the Admission of Alaska Into the Union|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |date=1950 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSUvAAAAMAAJ&dq=Seventeenth+Coast+Guard+District+Task+Force+91&pg=PA370|access-date=2022-07-05}}

Task Force 93align=right| {{sortnameTF-93093|nolink=1}}US

|Strategic Air Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, 1944–45, under Lt Gen Millard Harmon.See Craven and Cate, Volume V, [https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/V/AAF-V-17.html#page527 page 527]. Commander Alaskan Sea Frontier, late 1960s. Rear Admiral Donald M. White during SS Robert Louis Stevenson sinking incident, late 1960s.Mud, Muscle and Miracles, 384.

Task Force 95align=right| {{sortnameTF-95095|nolink=1}}US

|United States Navy, World War II. Established around Okinawa in July 1945 and conducted three operations into the East China Sea before the end of the war in mid-August that year. This iteration of the Task Force was active as late as November 1945. The designation was reactivated for use during the Korean War, when it was used for the United Nations Command Blockading and Escort Force, often helmed by the British Flag Officer Second in Command Far East Fleet. Vice Admiral William Andrewes served as Commander, Task Force 95 (CTF 95), for a period.{{cite web

|url= http://www.unithistories.com/officers/RN_officersA5.html

|title=Royal Navy Officers 1939-1945 (An-Ap)

|work=unithistories.com

|access-date=3 December 2010

}}

Task Force 97align=right| {{sortnameTF-97097|nolink=1}}US

|Hawaiian Sea Frontier - Vice Admiral Robert L. Ghormley, December 1, 1943.

Task Force 98align=right| {{sortnameTF |097|nolink=1}}US

|Maj. Gen Richardson, USA, Hawaiian Sector Defence, Hawaiian Department, U.S. Army, local naval defence forces.

Task Force 99align=right| {{sortnameTF |099|nolink=1}}US

|Task Force 39 was sent to reinforce the Royal Navy's Home Fleet at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands in March 1942. Designation changed to TF 99 about 5 April 1942 (Morison). Consisted of {{USS|Washington}}, the aircraft carrier {{USS|Wasp|CV-7}}, the heavy cruisers {{USS|Tuscaloosa|CA-37}} and {{USS|Wichita|CA-45}}, and eight destroyers. It thereafter assist the Home Fleet in covering Arctic convoys bound for the Soviet Union.Musicant, pp. 30–31, 34; S.E. Morison, The United States Navy in World War II.

Task Force 100align=right| {{sortname|TF |100|nolink=1}}US

| Involved in USS Liberty incident, 1967. CINCUSNAVEUR established TF 100 under the command of Rear Admiral Renken, Commander, Service Forces, Atlantic, at 0000Z, 12 June 1967. With forces from Sixth Fleet, Commander Fleet Air Mediterranean, Service Forces, Sixth Fleet, Naval Securities Group Europe, plus the Liberty herself, TF 100 was to '..supervise the drydocking of USS Liberty at Malta on or about 13 June 1967 in order to prevent disclosure of classified information and equipment to unauthorised personnel.'{{cite web|url = https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/uss_liberty/navy_messages/liberty_drydocking_at_malta_june_13_june_11.pdf|title = Cincusnaveur opord 15-67|date = 11 June 1967|access-date = 29 January 2016|website = National Security Agency|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151026031822/https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/uss_liberty/navy_messages/liberty_drydocking_at_malta_june_13_june_11.pdf|archive-date = 26 October 2015}} TF 100's functions were expected to be completed in about two days. Previously at times held by Deputy Commander-in-Chief United States Naval Forces Europe (DCINCUSNAVEUR). The task force (or Task Group 100.1) was also involved in a mid-May 1975 visit to Leningrad.1975LENINGRAD00693_b Leahy and Tattnall, part of Cruiser-Destroyer Group 12, were commanded by Rear Admiral Justin D. Langille III. On 1 April 2010, it was announced that Rear Adm. (lower half) Charles K. Carodine was to be assigned new duties. Carodine was at the time serving as chief of staff, JTF-100 Maritime Operations Center, United States Fleet Forces Command, Norfolk, Va.{{cite web|title = CNO Announces Flag Officer Assignments|url = http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=52332|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204172445/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=52332|url-status = dead|archive-date = February 4, 2016|website = www.navy.mil|access-date = 2016-01-29|first = This story was written by the Department of|last = Defense}} Also by 2010 TF 100 had become the Service Cryptographic Component Operations task force of United States Tenth Fleet.{{cite web |url=http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2010SET/Deets.pdf |title=RADM Edward H. Deets, III Vice Commander, Naval Network Warfare Command |access-date=2013-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719162446/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2010SET/Deets.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-19 |url-status=dead }}

Task Force 101align=right| {{sortname|TF|101|nolink=1}}US

| Northern European Force after 1946–1956.Warrior among Diplomats, p. 278 - 279[http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/UCS.html "The Development of Unified Command Structure for the U. S. Armed Forces, 1945-1950," p. 11-21] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151343/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/UCS.html |date=2008-05-31 }} in Ronald H. Cole, et al., The History of Unified Command 1946–1993 (Washington, DC: Joint History Office of the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1995) When Admiral Wright became CINCNELM was commanded by Rear Admiral Robert B. Pirie, Chief of Staff to CINCNELM. During the War in Afghanistan (2001-2021), Combined Joint Task Force – 101 was a 101st Airborne Division rotation in Afghanistan.

Task Forces 102-109align=right| {{sortname|TF |102|nolink=1}}US

| All now seemingly allocated to United States Tenth Fleet.

Task Force 104align=right| {{sortname|TF |104|nolink=1}}US

|United States Naval Forces Germany, 1944–45, and possibly afterwards

Task Force 111align=right| {{sortname|TF |111|nolink=1}}UK/US

|Seemingly Admiral Bruce Fraser, Commander-in-Chief, British Pacific Fleet, aboard {{HMS|Duke of York}}, soon after the end of World War II. A 2019 report by military journalist Wesley Morgan also identified the "CT [counter-terrorism] unit that works for AFRICOM [United States Africa Command] [as] Task Force 111, a JSOC [Joint Special Operations Command] task force that is led by SEAL Team 6."{{cite web|last=Wesley |first=Morgan |title=Olson wouldn't identify the counterterrorism unit |url=https://twitter.com/wesleysmorgan/status/1114194469363113985 |date=2019-04-06 }} JSOC's Task Force 111 was formerly Task Force 48–4.{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/drone-papers/target-africa/|access-date=2022-07-05|title=Target Africa: America's expanding drone network }}

Task Forces 111-119align=right| {{sortname|TF |112|nolink=1}}UK/US

|Allocated to miscellaneous activities on Dec 1, 1943, inc Western, NW Sea Frontier and by September 1945 to British Pacific Fleet.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fold3.com/document/302041836/war-diary-91-3045-page-72-wwii-war-diaries|title=Page 72 in WWII War Diaries|website=Fold3|access-date=November 21, 2022}}

Task Force 113align=right| {{sortname|TF |113|nolink=1}}UK/US

|Southeast Pacific Force, Rear Admiral Francis Whiting, December 1, 1943; 110-series designation for British Pacific Fleet Carrier Task Force under Vice Admiral Bernard Rawlings, Vice-Admiral BPF, aboard {{HMS|King George V}}, November 1945.[https://www.fold3.com/document/302043024/ CINCPAC War Diary, 11/1-30/45], accessed April 2020.

Task Force 115align=right| {{sortname|TF |115|nolink=1}}US

| Coastal Surveillance Force, Naval Forces VietnamLarry Berman, Zumwalt: The Life and Times of Admiral Elmo Russell "Bud" Zumwalt, Jr., Harper, 2012, 171.

Task Force 116align=right| {{sortname|TF |116|nolink=1}}US

| River Patrol Force, Naval Forces Vietnam

Task Force 117align=right| {{sortname|TF |117|nolink=1}}US

| Mobile Riverine Force, Naval Forces Vietnam

Joint Task Force 120align=right| {{sortname|JTF|120|nolink=1}}US

| In times of crisis and during certain exercises, Commander Second Fleet became Commander, JTF 120. This joint task force drew from the Atlantic Fleet, U.S. Army airborne and air assault units, U.S. Air Force aircraft and support personnel, U.S. Marine Corps amphibious forces, and at times, the United States Coast Guard. Ran Operation Urgent Fury, the United States invasion of Grenada in October 1983. Later ran Operation Uphold Democracy regarding Haiti in 1994–95.

Task Force 121align=right| {{sortname|TF|121|nolink=1}}US

|Possibly part of United States Twelfth Fleet during World War II. Task Force of Army Rangers during Operation Urgent Fury, Grenada, 1982. After 2001, one of the designations for the Joint Special Operations Command high value targets task force. This was made up of soldiers, naval personnel, air force personnel, and civilians from the U.S. Army's Delta Force, 75th Ranger Regiment, and 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, Naval Special Warfare Development Group, CIA Special Activities Division, USAF Combat Controllers, Pararescuemen, Tactical Air Control Party air force personnel, and Special Operations Weather Technicians, the Aviation Tactics Evaluation Group (AvTEG), and the Joint Communications Unit. Two troops from the U.S. Army 1st Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment provided armor support for the Task Force. On occasions, Canadian, British, Australian and Polish special force personnel assisted and augmented the task force. It served in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Task Force 122align=right| {{sortname|TF|122|nolink=1}}USUnited States Twelfth Fleet, World War II. Commanded by Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk, who commanded D-Day's Western Naval Task Force (Utah and Omaha Beaches). When the Dominican Civil War of 1965 began, {{USS|Newport News|CA-148}} sortied from Norfolk on 29 April for Santo Domingo, where she was flagship for Commander Joint Task Force 122. Newport News remained on station off Santo Domingo until 7 May 1965 when JTF 122 was dissolved, and command was shifted to the Army ashore in the Dominican Republic.
Task Force 123align=right| {{sortname|TF|123|nolink=1}}US82nd Airborne Division, Operation Urgent Fury, Grenada 1982.
Task Force 124align=right| {{sortname|TF|124|nolink=1}}US

|Omaha Beach landing force, World War II.Samuel E. Morrison, The Invasion of France and Germany,, p.335-6. In Grenada 1982, was the amphibious force, headquartered aboard {{USS|Guam|LPH-9|6}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.marines.mil/Portals/59/Publications/U.S.%20Marines%20in%20Grenada%201983%20%20PCN%2019000309700.pdf |last=Spector |first=Ronald |author-link=Ronald H. Spector |title=U.S. Marines in Grenada 1983 |year=1987|page=6}} Now Strategic Communications Wing One,{{cite web|author=Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Jessica Vargas |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=55718 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221736/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=55718 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |title=Strategic Communications Wing One Holds Change of Command |publisher=Navy.mil |access-date=2014-05-12}} Tinker AFB, Oklahoma (E-6A Mercury aircraft)

Task Force 125align=right| {{sortname|TF|125|nolink=1}}US

| Designation for Commander, Western Hemisphere Group, when acting as a naval component commander for U.S. Southern Command, circa 1995–2000.Karen Smith et al., 'Is NAVSO Organized and Staffed to do its job?' Center for Naval Analysis, CRM D0005057.A1, January 2002.

Task Force 130align=right| {{sortname|TF|130|nolink=1}}US

| Manned Spacecraft Recovery Force, Pacific, for Project Apollo. Flagship {{USS|Arlington|AGMR-2}}.

Joint Task Force 132align=right| {{sortname|TF|130|nolink=1}}US

|Operation Ivy nuclear test force.{{Cite web |url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a128082.pdf |title=Operation Ivy 1952 |access-date=2022-06-02 |archive-date=2022-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220053140/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a128082.pdf |url-status=dead }}

Task Force 134align=right| {{sortname|TF |134|nolink=1}}US

| Commander, Task Force 134, COMSUBPAC, is an operational commander responsible to USSTRATCOM for strategic deterrent submarine operations.{{cite web |url=http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2904/Gibsonl.pdf |title=p.370 |access-date=2014-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215815/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2904/Gibsonl.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-12 |url-status=dead }}

Task Force 136align=right| {{sortname|TF |136|nolink=1}}US

| Under the commander of Commander, Second Fleet, was quarantine force during Cuban Missile Crisis.U.S. Navy online documentation Led for a time by Commander Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla 2 aboard USS Canberra.

Task Force 140align=right| {{sortname|TF |140|nolink=1}}US

| Project Mercury Recovery Force (early 1960s), later Manned Spacecraft Recovery Force, Atlantic (for Apollo 9). In the 1980s, as JTF 140, designation for Second Fleet for Caribbean contingency operations. Ocean Venture '90 was a JCS directed field exercise sponsored by the U.S. Atlantic Command and executed by JTF 140, a standing JTF assigned to LANTCOM which had existed since 1979.WA Saunders, Joint Pub 5-00.2 Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures: A Critical Review, 1992 Utilised for Haiti operations during 1994.

Task Force 144align=right| {{sortname|TF |144|nolink=1}}US

| CTF 144, Commander Submarine Forces/COMSUBLANT. Operational commander for Atlantic ballistic missile submarines, responsible to Commander, U.S. Strategic Command

Task Force 151align=right| {{sortname|TF|151|nolink=1}}US

| Combined Maritime Forces

Task Force 157align=right| {{sortname|TF|157|nolink=1}}US

|In 1966, the Navy created Task Force 157 as a covert division to control their clandestine human intelligence operations (HUMINT).{{cite web|url=http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB46/|title=The Pentagon's Spies|website=Nsarchive.gwu.edu|access-date=2017-05-02}} Disbanded 1977 with some functions transferred to Task Force 168.

Joint Task Force 160align=right| {{sortname|JTF |160|nolink=1}}US

| Directed Operation Sea Signal. This humanitarian operation receiving Haitian refugees at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba, took place from August 1994 to February 1996.GlobalSecurity.org. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/sea_signal.htm "Operation Sea Signal"], [http://www.globalsecurity.org GlobalSecurity.org website], 2008. Retrieved on October 19, 2008.
Task Force 160 was a non-USMCEB, U.S. Army allocation.

Combined Joint Task Force-180align=right| {{sortname|JTF|180|nolink=1}}US

| Appears to be the permanently assigned designator for HQ XVIII Airborne Corps when operating as a combined joint task force or joint task force, for example in Afghanistan after 2002.

Task Force 214align=right| {{sortname|TF |214|nolink=1}}US

| Twentieth Air Force, while acting as the ICBM task force for U.S. Strategic Command

Task Force 294align=right| {{sortname|TF |294|nolink=1}}US

| U.S. Air Force air refueling forces while acting as a task force for U.S. Strategic Command

Task Force 301align=right| {{sortname|TF |301|nolink=1}}CAN

|Royal Canadian Navy, Atlantic Coast, 1964{{Cite web|url=http://www.navalreview.ca/wp-content/uploads/public/vol2num2/vol2num2art6.pdf|title=Ken Reynolds "Blueland Versus Orangeland: Exercise Mohawk, April 1964"|access-date=November 21, 2022|archive-date=August 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819010822/http://www.navalreview.ca/wp-content/uploads/public/vol2num2/vol2num2art6.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Task Force 311align=right| {{sortname|TF |311|nolink=1}}UK

| Commander, Task Force 311 (CTF-311), located in Northwood, Middlesex, is the Royal Navy's sole submarine operating authority (SUBOPAUTH). CTF-311 maintains operational control of all Britain's attack submarines, wherever they may be.{{cite web |url=http://www.public.navy.mil/subfor/underseawarfaremagazine/issues/archives/issue_44/royal_navy.html |title=Joining Britain's Royal Navy |access-date=2013-12-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226093731/http://www.public.navy.mil/subfor/underseawarfaremagazine/issues/archives/issue_44/royal_navy.html |archive-date=2013-12-26}}{{cite web|title=Navy Command Operating Model Version 3|url=http://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2018-0426/NCOM_Version_3.pdf|page=121 (8–52)}}

Task Group 316.1align=right| {{sortname|TF |316|nolink=1}}UK

|Used for Endeavour 90 deployment, under Capt Franklyn, {{HMS|Bristol|D23|6}} (DTS)Roberts, 344.

Task Force 317align=right| {{sortname|TF |317|nolink=1}}UK

| For 1974 group deployment by TG 317.2 see {{HMS|Leander|F109}}; Falklands Task Force; see British naval forces in the Falklands War

Task Force 318align=right| {{sortname|TF |318|nolink=1}}UK

| In November 1967, TF 318, under Flag Officer Second in Command Far East Fleet, Rear Admiral Edward Ashmore, managed the British withdrawal from Aden after 128 years of colonial rule.Independent, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-admiral-sir-richard-fitch-1395692.html Obituary: Admiral Sir Richard Fitch], 22 February 1994. Note that the Independent incorrectly lists Ashmore's appointment at the time. Reestablished with effect from 1 November 1971 to cover withdrawal of British forces from Persian Gulf (Roberts, 95)

Task Force 321align=right| {{sortname|TF |321|nolink=1}}UK

| Seemingly Royal Navy in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Used Cyprus 1974Henn, Francis. A Business of Some Heat: The United Nations Force in Cyprus Before and During the 1974 Turkish Invasion. Casemate Publishers, 2004, 295 during Falklands War when RNZN frigates deployed, and after Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (deployed force TG 321.1 in both later cases).[http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1990s/1990-3.pdf The Gulf Revisited - Why?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100155/http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1990s/1990-3.pdf |date=2016-03-05 }}, The Naval Review, 1990, and Cdre Chris Craig account In 1990 CINCFLEET acted as CTF 321.

Task Group 323.2align=right| {{sortname|TF |323|nolink=1}}UK

| RN Mediterranean group during Operation Desert Storm

Task Force 324align=right| {{sortname|TF |324|nolink=1}}UK

| Royal Navy Red Sea force during Suez Crisis of 1956. Consisted of HMS Newfoundland{{cite web|url=http://godfreydykes.info/SUEZ%20WAR%20OF%201956.htm |title=SUEZ WAR OF 1956 |publisher=Godfreydykes.info |date=1956-11-05 |access-date=2014-05-12}} and others. Newfoundland and {{HMS|Diana|D126}} sank the Egyptian frigate 'Domiat' (ex-{{HMS|Nith|K215}}) on the first night of the war.Pimlott – editor British Military Operations, 1945–1984 London: Guild Publishing 1984 p. 78; http://damned.mirror.co.uk/img/docs/diana-captain-log.pdf

Task Force 326align=right| {{sortname|TF |326|nolink=1}}UK

|Roberts, 294, says Liverpool and {{ship|RFA|Wave Knight|A389|6}} were assigned as Atlantic Patrol Task (North) from February 2005, as TG 326.01. Meanwhile, Gloucester was on Atlantic Patrol Task (South) and relieved by Portland in March 2005, as TG 326.02.

Task Force 330align=right| {{sortname|TF |330|nolink=1}}UK

|UK naval forces during Operation Telic{{cite web |url=http://www.operationtelic.co.uk/order-of-battle/Operation-Telic-3-Order-%20of-Battle.pdf |title=Operation Telic 3, Order of Battle |access-date=2014-12-30 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924061020/http://www.operationtelic.co.uk/order-of-battle/Operation-Telic-3-Order-%20of-Battle.pdf |url-status=dead }}

Task Force 333align=right| {{sortname|TF |333|nolink=1}}UK

| Involved in Operation Grapple nuclear tests at Christmas Island, August 1958.[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/137649/foi_christmas_island_miscellaneous_docs.pdf Royal Navy Document] Royal Navy Health Department 28 August 1958. TG 333.1 seemingly utilised by Captain 11th Frigate Squadron (Captain F11), Royal New Zealand Navy, in November 1972, during LONGEX 71 between Auckland and Wellington.[http://www.ussorleck.com/decklogs/November_1972.xls Decklogs November 1972] {{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} TGs of TF 333 later used in NATO area (Roberts)

Task Force 345align=right| {{sortname|TF |345|nolink=1}}UK

| UK Mediterranean naval task force during Suez Crisis of 1956. Now is reported as '..CTF 345 is the organisation that provides command and control of the UK deterrent' at Northwood Headquarters. This is the force of Vanguard-class submarines. Rear Admiral Ian Corder commanded the task force as of September 2012.http://britishmaritimepowerblog.blogspot.com/2012/09/combined-task-force-345-nuclear-attack.html; mirrored from original newspaper article of September 15, 2012; also BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_chain_of_command/html/2.stm "In Pictures: Chain of Command"]; https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/7300/letters-of-last-resort-are-post-apocalyptic-orders-for-uk-vanguard-sub-crews

Task Force 373align=right| {{sortname|TF |373|nolink=1}}US

| JSOC or SOCCENT special operations forces task force in Afghanistan

Task Force 402align=right| {{sortname|TF |402|nolink=1}}US

|

Joint Task Force 435align=right| {{sortname|JTF|435|nolink=1}}US

| (Combined Joint Interagency Task Force 435) Afghanistan theatre detention operations

Task Force 439align=right| {{sortname|TF|439|nolink=1}}| NATO attack submarine force, Mediterranean
Task Force 440align=right| {{sortname|TF|440|nolink=1}}| Operation Sharp Guard, 1993–96 (WEU, SNFL, SNFM)
Task Force 442align=right| {{sortname|TF|442|nolink=1}}US

|From 1967, Commander Submarine Flotilla 8 became COMSUBMED under NAVSOUTH in addition to wartime SSBN responsibilities as CTF 442.Joint Force Command Naples, [http://www.jfcnaples.nato.int/page6322744/6-the-first-reorganisation- The First Reorganisation], accessed 2016.

Task Force 465align=right| {{sortname|TF|465|nolink=1}}Allied

| Deployed task force of Operation Atalanta, EUNAVFOR Somalia, combating Somali piracy

Task Force 472align=right| {{sortname|TF|472|nolink=1}}SEATO (1969)

| At the time USS Evans and HMAS Melbourne collided on the early morning on 3 June 1969, both were part of Exercise Task Group 472.1. Command of Task Force 472, and TG 472.1, was being exercised by Rear Admiral G.J.B. Crabb, Flag Officer Commanding Australian Fleet. TF 472 included Melbourne, {{USS|Evans}}, Kyes, Larson, {{HMS|Blackpool|F77}}, and {{HMS|Cleopatra|F28}}. TF 472 was taking part in SEATO Exercise Sea Spirit.{{cite web|url=http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/HMAS%20EVANS%20AND%20MELBOURNE%203%20JUN%2069.pdf|date=21 December 1969|title=Declassified Document|publisher=US Navy|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084056/http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/HMAS%20EVANS%20AND%20MELBOURNE%203%20JUN%2069.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Task Force 473align=right| {{sortname|TF|473|nolink=1}}France

| Seemingly permanently assigned to the carrier battle group ('aeronaval group') build around Charles de Gaulle. Part of Force d'action navale.

Task Force 500align=right| {{sortname|TF|500|nolink=1}}NATO

| Flag Officer Denmark (FOD), Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (1963).{{cite web|url=http://www.rnars.org.uk/documents/The%20Communicator%20Christmas%201963.pdf |title=Seasons Greetings |access-date=2016-01-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203093711/http://www.rnars.org.uk/documents/The%20Communicator%20Christmas%201963.pdf |archive-date=2016-02-03|df=mdy-all}}

Task Force 502align=right| {{sortname|TF|502|nolink=1}}NATO

| Carrier battle force, Naval Striking and Support Forces, Southern Europe, 1970s-1980s. Provided by U.S. Carrier Group or Cruiser-Destroyer Group headquarters.

Task Force 503align=right| {{sortname|TF|503|nolink=1}}NATO

| Amphibious force, Naval Striking and Support Forces, Southern Europe, 1970s-1980s. Provided by U.S. Amphibious Squadron headquarters.

Task Force 504align=right| {{sortname|TF|504|nolink=1}}NATO

| Landing force, Naval Striking and Support Forces, Southern Europe, 1970s-1980s.

Task Force 505align=right| {{sortname|TF|505|nolink=1}}NATO

| Support force, Naval Striking and Support Forces, Southern Europe, 1970s-1980s.

Task Force 506align=right| {{sortname|TF|506|nolink=1}}NATO

| Special Operations Force, Naval Striking and Support Forces, Southern Europe, 1970s-1980s.

Task Force 508align=right| {{sortname|TF|508|nolink=1}}NATO (or member)

| As of late 2013, Operation Ocean Shield Somali counter-piracy force. CTF 508 was Rear Admiral Eugenio Diaz del Rio on board flagship Alvaro de Bazan on 14 January 2014.{{cite web|author=Operation OCEAN SHIELD |url=http://www.mc.nato.int/PressReleases/Pages/Commander-South-Korean-Task-Group-visits-NATO-Counter-Piracy-Task-Force.aspx |title=14 January 2014 |publisher=Mc.nato.int |date=2014-01-14 |access-date=2014-05-12}}

Joint Task Force 510align=right| {{sortname|JTF|510|nolink=1}}US

|Special Operations Command Pacific standing joint task force for rapid deployment. Involved in Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines, 2002.

Joint Task Force 622align=right| {{sortname|JTF |622|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation VIC FIRE ASSIST[http://www.army.gov.au/Our-work/Community-engagement/Disaster-relief-at-home/Operation-VIC-FIRE-ASSIST-2009 Operation VIC FIRE ASSIST] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130615205004/http://www.army.gov.au/Our-work/Community-engagement/Disaster-relief-at-home/Operation-VIC-FIRE-ASSIST-2009 |date=2013-06-15 }}, army.gov.au

Joint Task Force 627align=right| {{sortname|JTF |627|nolink=1}}AUS

| SUBmarine Search And Rescue (SUBSAR)[http://www.navy.gov.au/reserves/e-docs/DATA/NAVYPUBS/NAVYMISC/AFTP9H/01.pdf AFTP 9(H)]{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, navy.gov.au May be designator for Commander Australian Fleet; CTF 627 was allocated to this officer under his previous title of Maritime Commander Australia in 1999–2000.

Joint Task Force 629align=right| {{sortname|JTF |629|nolink=1}}AUS

| 2004: Operation Sumatra Assist - ADF response to the earthquake in Sumatra, Indonesia. 2005: Operation Sumatra Assist II - ADF response to further earthquakes in Sumatra.[https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/SP10.pdf Combined and joint operations from the Sea] Sea Power Centre. Australia 2009: Operation Padang Assist - the ADF response to earthquakes in Padang, Indonesia.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170411064620/http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/the-adf-in-indonesia-lessons-from-operation-padang-assist/ The ADF in Indonesia]}} Future Directions At the same time in 2009 as the Padang earthquake, an earthquake and tsunami hit Samoa and the JTF 629 designation extended to the operation in that region, Operation Samoa Assist. 2017-19: Operation Augury-Philippines - the ADF training mission to the Armed Forces of the Philippines in support of their counter terror operations.{{cite web |url=https://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/OpAuguryPhilippines/ |title=Home : Operation Augury-Philippines : Department of Defence |access-date=2020-02-22 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222162922/https://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/OpAuguryPhilippines/ |url-status=dead }}

Joint Task Force 630align=right| {{sortname|JTF |630|nolink=1}}AUS

| Op Larry Assist after Cyclone Larry, March 2006. Commander was Mick Slater.

Joint Task Force 631align=right| {{sortname|JTF |631|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation AstuteTimor Leste International Stabilisation Force

Joint Task Force 632align=right| {{sortname|JTF |632|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Pakistan Assist (2005-6) - the ADF response to earthquake disaster relief in Pakistan. The TF632 designation was later used for a Special Operations group in Iraq in 2018.{{cite web |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/addressing-task-force-632-iraq |title=Addressing Task Force 632 - Iraq | Prime Minister of Australia |publisher=Pm.gov.au |date=2018-12-20 |access-date=2022-02-28 |archive-date=2022-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328070706/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/addressing-task-force-632-iraq |url-status=dead }}

Joint Task Force 633align=right| {{sortname|JTF |633|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Okra, HQJTF 633, based in the United Arab Emirates, provides command and control of all ADF elements deployed throughout the Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) as part of Operation Slipper. JTF 633 is commanded by Major General Craig Orme.[http://www.defence.gov.au/op/afghanistan/info/factsheet.htm Australian Operations in Afghanistan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920080149/http://www.defence.gov.au/op/afghanistan/info/factsheet.htm |date=2012-09-20 }}, accessed April 2014. Previous commanders have included MAJGEN Stuart Smith. Included Security Detachment Iraq

Joint Task Force 634align=right| {{sortname|JTF |634|nolink=1}}AUS

| Supported 2007 Sydney APEC Conference.{{cite web|url=http://gg.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/honours/ad/ad2009/Media%20notes%20AM%28Mil%29%20%28final%29.pdf |title=Commodore Timothy William BARRETT CSC RAN, ACT |access-date=2014-05-12}} Commander: Brigadier Andrew Smith, Cdr 7th Brigade.

Combined Task Force 635align=right| {{sortname|CTF|635|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Anode, the ADF led support mission to RAMSI Between 2003 and 2017. CTF 635 incorporated elements of the NZDF and participating pacific nations as well as the ADF and AFP.{{cite web |url=https://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/SolomonIslands |title=Home : Operations : Solomon Islands : Department of Defence |access-date=2020-02-22 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222192119/https://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/SolomonIslands/ |url-status=dead }}

Joint Task Force 636align=right| {{sortname|JTF |636|nolink=1}}AUS

| 2010: Operation Pakistan Assist II - ADF disaster relief operation in Pakistan following flooding and landslide events.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160322140412/http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/operation-pakistan-assist-ii-the-most-successful-australian-deployment-of-a-combined-humanitarian-task-force/ Operation Pakistan Assist]}} Future Directions 2014-15: Operation Highroad - ADF operations in Afghanistan{{cite web|url=https://news.defence.gov.au/media/stories/joint-task-force-636-raised-1-november |title=Joint Task Force 636 raised on 1 November | Defence News |publisher=News.defence.gov.au |date=2014-11-04 |access-date=2022-02-28}} until June 6, 2015, when it transitioned to the downsized Task Group Afghanistan.{{cite web|url=https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.997631726938261.1073742278.115155888519187&type=1 |title=Operation HIGHROAD - JTF636 transitions to Task Group Afghanistan |publisher=M.facebook.com |date=2015-06-06 |access-date=2022-02-28|df=mdy-all}}

Joint Task Force 637align=right| {{sortname|JTF |637|nolink=1}}AUS

| 2007: Operation Kiribati Assist; 2011: Operation Queensland Flood Assist; 2019: South West Pacific and Timor Leste defence engagement mission{{cite web | url=https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/key-enablers/4370-adf-continues-southwest-pacific-timor-leste-engagements | title=ADF continues Southwest Pacific & Timor-Leste engagements | date=5 July 2019 }}

Joint Task Force 638align=right| {{sortname|JTF |638|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Landscape - 2013 ADF support to expansion of offshore immigration detention facilities on Manus Island, PNG. Included HMAS Choules, elements of 6 Brigade, 1 AOSS and 381 ECSS.{{Cite web |url=https://news.navy.gov.au/en/Aug2013/Operations/245/ADF-completing-tasks-on-Manus-Island.htm#.XlFO8YF_WhA |title=August 2013 Operations |access-date=2020-02-22 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222161112/https://news.navy.gov.au/en/Aug2013/Operations/245/ADF-completing-tasks-on-Manus-Island.htm#.XlFO8YF_WhA |url-status=dead }}

Joint Task Force 639align=right| {{sortname|JTF |639|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Resolute - The ongoing ADF support to Maritime Border Command, a joint command of the ADF and Australian Border Force tasked with protecting Australia's maritime borders.{{cite web |url=https://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/BorderProtection/default.asp |title=Home : Border Protection : Department of Defence |access-date=2020-02-22 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222162839/https://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/BorderProtection/default.asp |url-status=dead }}

Joint Task Force 641align=right| {{sortname|JTF |641|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Outreach - ADF support to the 2007 Northern Territory National Emergency Response{{cite web|url=https://www.defence.gov.au/FOI/Docs/Disclosures/015_1718_Documents.pdf |title=Freedom of information | About | Department of Defence |publisher=Defence.gov.au |date= |access-date=2022-02-28}}

Joint Task Force 643align=right| {{sortname|JTF |643|nolink=1}}AUS

| During Operation Gold, the ADF support to the 2000 Summer Olympics, the JTF 643 designation was assigned to at least part the counter terror force, consisting of elements of SASR, 5th Aviation Regiment and 4 RAR (Commando). The designation may have continued to be used by one of the Australian ready CT Tactical Assault Groups beyond the scope of the 2000 Olympics.

Joint Task Force 644align=right| {{sortname|JTF |644|nolink=1}}AUS

| During Operation Gold, the ADF support to the 2000 Summer Olympics, the JTF 644 designation was assigned to at least part the counter terror force, consisting of elements of SASR, 5th Aviation Regiment and 4 RAR (Commando). The designation has continued to be used by unconfirmed elements of SOCOMD with the Officer Commanding JTF 644 in 2014, identified only as "Major P" receiving the Conspicuous Service Medal in the 2016 Australia Day Honours.

Joint Task Force 645align=right| {{sortname|JTF |645|nolink=1}}AUS

| Commander INTERFET, 1999 (TF 645),{{Cite web|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Working_Paper_20.pdf|title=p.16|access-date=November 21, 2022}} CHOGM 2001, CHOGM 2002{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/news/raafnews/editions/4406/story05.htm |title=Heightened security results in Joint Task Force|date= 11 April 2002|website=www. defence.gov.au}}

Task Force 646align=right| {{sortname|TF |646|nolink=1}}AUS

| RAAF Air Command{{cite web |url=http://www.maltutty.com/content/Working%20Documents/16b%20SETE%202011%20WTR%20Workshop%20Presentation%20after.pdf |title=The Woomera Test Range in 2020 |access-date=2014-12-30 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090926/http://www.maltutty.com/content/Working%20Documents/16b%20SETE%202011%20WTR%20Workshop%20Presentation%20after.pdf |url-status=dead }} Aerospace Operational Support Group TG 646.7. In 2019 the JTF 646 designation was used for the ADF response to the bushfires in the Australian state of Victoria, which included elements from the PNG Defence Force and the Fijian military.{{cite web|url=https://news.defence.gov.au/national/operation-bushfire-assist-2019-2020 |title=Operation Bushfire Assist 2019-2020 | Defence News |publisher=News.defence.gov.au |date=2020-03-13 |access-date=2022-02-28}}

Joint Task Force 658align=right| {{sortname|JTF |658|nolink=1}}AUS

| 2014; designation given to the ADF led task force involved for the search for missing airliner MH370.{{cite web|url=https://www.defence.gov.au/annualreports/13-14/features/feature-defence-involved-in-search-for-mh370.asp |title=Annual Reports | About | Defence | Department of |publisher=Defence |date=2021-01-21 |access-date=2022-02-28}} 2019; used for the task force assigned to Operation North Queensland Flood Assist{{cite web |url=https://www.army.gov.au/media-room/media-releases/australian-army-and-queensland-police-service-recognised-for-efforts |title=Australian Army and Queensland Police Service recognised for efforts during Townsville floods | Australian Army |access-date=2020-02-22 |archive-date=2020-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226043908/https://www.army.gov.au/media-room/media-releases/australian-army-and-queensland-police-service-recognised-for-efforts |url-status=dead }}

Joint Task Force 659align=right| {{sortname|JTF |659|nolink=1}}AUS

| ADF support during 2018 in the aftermath of Tropical Cyclone Marcus in the Northern Territory.{{cite web|url=https://news.defence.gov.au/media/media-releases/joint-task-force-659-completes-its-support-mission-northern-territory |title=Joint Task Force 659 completes its support mission to the Northern Territory Government | Defence News |publisher=News.defence.gov.au |date=2018-03-29 |access-date=2022-02-28}}

Joint Task Force 661align=right| {{sortname|JTF |661|nolink=1}}AUS

| ADF support during 2017 for Operation Queensland Assist in the aftermath of Tropical Cyclone Debbie.{{cite web | url=https://www.airforce.gov.au/news-and-events/news/australian-defence-force-joint-task-force-completes-operation-queensland-assist | title=Australian Defence Force Joint Task Force completes Operation Queensland Assist 2017 Mission | date=11 August 2017 }} In 2019 the designation was assigned to Operation Indo-Pacific Endeavour, a military outreach mission with regional neighbours.{{cite web|url=https://news.defence.gov.au/media/stories/indo-pacific-endeavour-2019-departs |title=Indo-Pacific Endeavour 2019 departs | Defence News |publisher=News.defence.gov.au |date=2019-03-13 |access-date=2022-02-28}}

Joint Task Force 662align=right| {{sortname|JTF |662|nolink=1}}AUS

| ADF support during the 2009 Victorian Black Saturday bushfires.{{cite web |url=http://www.army.gov.au/Our-work/Community-engagement/Disaster-relief-at-home/Operation-VIC-FIRE-ASSIST-2009 |title=Operation VIC FIRE ASSIST 2009 - Australian Army |access-date=2013-05-31 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615205004/http://www.army.gov.au/Our-work/Community-engagement/Disaster-relief-at-home/Operation-VIC-FIRE-ASSIST-2009 |archive-date=2013-06-15 |url-status=dead }}

Joint Task Force 663align=right| {{sortname|JTF |663|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Render Safe 2011.{{cite web|url=http://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2011/10/wwii-ammo-to-be-rendered-safe-on-joint-mission.html |title=WWII ammo to be rendered safe on joint mission – Keith Jackson & Friends: PNG ATTITUDE |publisher=Asopa.typepad.com |date=2011-10-20 |access-date=2014-05-12}} {{HMAS|Gascoyne|M 85|6}}, {{HMAS|Diamantina|M 86|6}}, {{HMNZS|Resolution|A14}}, {{HMNZS|Wellington|P55|6}}.

Joint Task Force 664align=right| {{sortname|JTF |664|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Yasi Assist

Joint Task Force 665align=right| {{sortname|JTF |665|nolink=1}}AUS

| Operation Testament, ADF commitment to World Youth Day 2008, Commander Brigadier David Saul

Combined Joint Task Force 667align=right| {{sortname|CJTF |667|nolink=1}}AUS

| The joint Australian/US force during the 2019 iteration of Exercise Talisman Saber.[https://armyupdate.com/index.php/2019/07/09/u-s-australian-forces/amp/ Australian Forces] Army Update. 9 July 2019. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222185234/https://armyupdate.com/index.php/2019/07/09/u-s-australian-forces/amp/ |date=22 February 2020 }}

Task Force 714align=right| {{sortname|TF |714|nolink=1}}US

| United States Special Operations Command. Designation for JSOC high-value targets task force in Iraq and Afghanistan during General Stanley McChrystal's time in command.Stanley McChrystal, My Share of the Task.

Joint Task Force 728align=right| {{sortname|TF |728|nolink=1}}US

|Established in mid-1966 under Lieutenant General Alfred Starbird, Director, Defense Communications Agency, to build the McNamara Line barrier between North and South Vietnam.

Task Force 825align=right| {{sortname|TF |825|nolink=1}}Spain

|Task Group 825.1 was the Spanish aircraft carrier Principe de Asturias task group in May 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/conocenos_actividades/prefLang_en/deLaFuerza--962_16_Espabras08--02_bitacora_es--2008--05--2008_05_01_es?_selectedNodeID=94179&_pageAction=selectItem |title=Armada Española - Ministerio de Defensa - Gobierno de España |language=es |publisher=Armada.mde.es |date= |access-date=2022-02-28}}

Joint Task Force 950align=right| {{sortname|JTF|950|nolink=1}}US

| Commander, United States Second Fleet whilst in a training role.[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/docs/990121-Navywire.htm Navy Wire], 1999.

Task Force 976align-right| {{sortname|TF|976|nolink=1}}Thailand

| Thai Humanitarian Assistance Task Force 976 Thai-Iraq, 2003–2004

Task Force 1099US

| Alias for Task Force 121.

Named joint task forces

Joint Task Force Shining Hope; Joint Task Force Eagle Vista (1998 Presidential African visit)

class="wikitable sortable"
Joint task force || Abbrev. ||Who|| Notes
Joint Task Force-AlaskaJTF-AKUS
Joint Task Force-Armed Forces Inaugural Committee

| JTF-AFIC

US
Joint Task Force Aztec SilenceUS
Joint Task Force BravoJTF-BUSCentral America operations from Soto Cano Air Base, Honduras
Joint Task Force Caring ResponseUS
Joint Task Force CentralCAN
Joint Task Force-Civil SupportJTF-CSUS
Joint Task Force EastUS
Joint Task Force for EliminationJTF-EUSJoint Task Force for Elimination of WMD (JTF-E)
Joint Task Force Full AccountingUS
Joint Task Force GatorUS
Joint Task Force-Global Network Operations

| JTF-GNO

USCritical infrastructure protection. (Evolved from JTF-CND, then JTF-CNO)
Joint Task Force GoldJTF GoldAUS2000 Summer Olympics
Joint Task Force GuantanamoJTF-GTMOUS
Joint Task Force HaitiUS
Joint Task Force-Homeland DefenseJTF-HDUS
Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa

| CJTF-HOA

US
Joint Task Force KatrinaUS
Joint Task Force LebanonJTF-LUS
Joint Task Force LiberiaJTF LiberiaUS
Joint Task Force National Capital Region/Medical

| JTF CapMed

US
Joint Task Force (North)JTF(N)CAN
Joint Task Force NorthUS
Joint Task Force OMEGAJTF OMEGAColombian Armed Forces

| JTF in support of US funded Plan Patriota

Joint Task Force Southwest AsiaJTF-SWAUSThe JTF commander also commanded 9th Aerospace Expeditionary Task Force-Southwest Asia, U.S. Central Command, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It carried out Operation Southern Watch to enforce the Iraqi no-fly zones. The 9AETF-SWA was the forward-deployed arm of the Ninth Air Force. Established on August 26, 1992; active until 2003.See Spirtas et al., [http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG777.pdf 'What it takes,'] 59-63.
Joint Task Force-Space DefenseJTF-SDUSThe JTF-SD was established by USSPACECOM on October 21, 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1995119/formal-recognition-of-joint-task-force-space-defense-expands-us-space-commands/ |title=Formal Recognition of Joint Task Force-Space Defense Expands US Space Command's Protect and Defend Mission > Air Force Space Command > Article Display |access-date=2019-11-21 |archive-date=2019-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023150133/https://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1995119/formal-recognition-of-joint-task-force-space-defense-expands-us-space-commands/ |url-status=dead }}
Joint Task Force RitaUS
Joint Task Force Operation United AssistanceJTF-OUAUS2014 US military mission to help combat Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia.Operation United Assistance

United States Army and other non-USMCEB task forces

These included Combined Joint Task Force 76, Combined Joint Task Force 82, and Combined Joint Task Force 180.

class="wikitable sortable"
Task force || Abbrev. ||Who|| Notes
Task Force 1-41 Infantryalign=right| {{sortnameTF 1-41 INF141|nolink=1}}USU.S. Army combined-arms heavy battalion mechanized Task Force consisting primarily of the 1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battalion, 66th Armor Regiment, and the 4th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment all being part of the 2nd Armored Division (Forward). It served at the Battle of 73 Easting and the Battle of Norfolk. Formed in various other incarnations during other conflicts.
Task Force 77USSee Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War
Combined Joint Task Force 82align=right| {{sortnameCJTF-82082|nolink=1}}US

|

Special Operations Task Force 103align=right| {{sortnameSOTF-103103|nolink=1}}US

|On 11 May 2010, Malian and Senegalese soldiers worked on small unit tactics, movements, and convoy vehicle recover drills with special operations forces personnel from Special Operations Task Force 103 in Bamako, Mali. The classes were part of Exercise Flintlock 10, an exercise focused on military interoperability and capacity-building, which was part of an AFRICOM-sponsored annual exercise program with partner nations in northern and western Africa. Flintlock 10, which includes participation of key European U.S. allies, was conducted by SOCAFRICA and was designed to build relationships and develop capacity among security forces throughout the Trans-Saharan region of Africa.

Task Force 118align=right| {{sortnameTF-118118|nolink=1}}US

|a regular army aviation unit flying AH-58D Warrior helicopters whose mast-mounted IR sights helped spot small boats during Operation Prime Chance

Task Force 121USSee Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War
Task Force 145USSee Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War
Task Force ALBASwissHumanitarian operation in Albania during 1999.
Task Force AegisUSRedirects to Combined Joint Task Force 76
Task Force AlphaUKRedirects to 7th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)
Task Force BaumUSConcentration camp rescue force "set up by U.S. Army general George S. Patton"
Task Force BayonetUSTask Force Bayonet (disambiguation)
Task Force BlackUSRedirects to Task Force 88 (anti-terrorist unit)
Task Force BlueUSUnited States Navy SEALs
Task Force DanbiSouth KoreaHaiti earthquake relief 2010
Task Force EagleNATOIFOR
Task Force EastUSUS European Command initiative to strengthen relationships with Eastern European allies
Task Force FaithUSUS Army unit during the Korean War
Task Force Falcon (US)USUS Army Task Force serving as part of KFOR in Kosovo
Task Force FrigidUSAfter World War II, the War Department decided that U.S. Army personnel must be able to live and operate in any degree of cold.U.S. Army [http://www.crtc.army.mil/history.html Cold Regions Test Center - History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630032404/http://www.crtc.army.mil/history.html |date=2016-06-30 }}, accessed June 2013. A group of task forces was therefore organized to test U.S. Army equipment in the cold. Task Force Frigid and Task Force Williwaw were dispatched to what is now Fort Greely, Alaska during the winters of 1946 and 1947.
Task Force HarvestNATOOperation Essential Harvest
Task Force HawkUSKosovo
Task Force HelmandNATOPart of ISAF in Helmand Province, Afghanistan
Task Force K-BarUS"The first major ground deployment in the US-led invasion of Afghanistan"
Task Force KandaharNATOISAF in Kandahar, Afghanistan
Task Force KeanUNNorth Korea
Task Force LeatherneckUS

| Located at Camp Leatherneck, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. Marine Air-Ground Task Force currently operating in Helmand Province. 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade during 2009–10 for Operation Enduring Freedom. Also used by the 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions during their deployments to Afghanistan

Task Force LibeccioCANOperation Mobile#Royal Canadian Air Force – 2011 military intervention in Libya.
Task Force LightningUS25th Infantry Division (United States)
Task Force ManchuUSSecond Battle of Naktong Bulge#The end of Task Force Manchu
Task Force MustangUSCombat Aviation Brigade, 36th Infantry Division, Texas Army National Guard
Task Force ODINUSUS Army aviation battalion created to combat improvised explosive devices in Iraq
Task Force PhoenixCJTF PhoenixUSInitially organized by CENTCOM to train and mentor the newly created Afghan National Security Forces

Task Force RangerUSBattle of Mogadishu (1993)#The August killings and the deployment of Task Force Ranger
Task Force ScorpioSwissBiological and chemical response team activated during the first Gulf War - not deployed
Task Force ShieldUS/UK/IraqSet up in 2003 to provide security for Iraq's critical oil infrastructure
Task Force SinaiUSU.S. element of Multinational Force and Observers (MFO)
Task Force SmithUSBattle of Osan#Task Force Smith
Task Force TarawaUSThe 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade during the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Task Force TaroUS3rd Marine Regiment (United States)
Task Force TrinityUS3rd Battalion 3rd Marines
Task Force TripoliUSUSMC air ground task force formed after the fall of Baghdad during the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Task Force UruzganNetherlandsPart of NATO's Regional Command South, ISAF, Afghanistan. Significant Australian Army linkages.
Task Force VikingUSCombined Joint Special Operations Task Force – North (CJSOTF–N), also known as Task Force Viking, was the U.S. joint task force responsible for the northern front during the initial period of the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Task Force White Eagle

|

PolandA brigade sized detachment of Polish Land Forces in Ghazni Province, Afghanistan. The brigade was under the command of the US 1st Cavalry Division.

Others

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Sources

  • [http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/UCS.html "The Development of Unified Command Structure for the U. S. Armed Forces, 1945-1950," p. 11-21] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151343/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/UCS.html |date=2008-05-31 }} in Ronald H. Cole, et al., The History of Unified Command 1946–1993 (Washington, DC: Joint History Office of the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1995)
  • {{cite web|author=History.navy.mil|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-pacific-fleet-organization-1may1945.html |title=United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 |publisher=History.navy.mil |date=1945 |access-date=2022-02-28}}
  • Norman Polmar, Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, Naval Institute Press, see 11th Edition, 1978, pp. 6–9; 13th Edition, 1984, pp. 14–17; 14th Edition, 1987, pp. 15–19; 2005 edition.
  • {{cite book |last=Puryear |first=Edgar F. |year=1983 |title=George S. Brown, General, U.S. Air Force: Destined for Stars |location=Novato, California |publisher=Presidio |isbn=0-89141-169-0 |oclc=9198011}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Robinson |first=Colin D.|title=The U.S. Navy's task forces: 1–199|journal=Defence and Security Analysis|volume=36|number=1|pages=109–110|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14751798.2020.1712028|date=January 2020|doi=10.1080/14751798.2020.1712028|s2cid=213678034|url-access=subscription}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/5500053900.pdf | title=The Intervasion of Haiti, Professional Paper 539 | publisher=Center for Naval Analyses | author=Siegel, Adam B. | date=August 1996 | page=12 | access-date=2014-04-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415050743/https://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/5500053900.pdf | archive-date=2014-04-15 | url-status=dead }}

Further reading

  • Timothy M. Bonds, Myron Hura, Thomas-Durrell Young, 'Enhancing Army Joint Force Headquarters Capabilities,' Santa Monica, CA; RAND Corporation, 2010 – includes list of joint task forces
  • Geoffrey Carter, Crises Do Happen – The Royal Navy and Operation Musketeer, Suez 1956, Liskeard, Maritime Books, 2006.
  • Center for Naval Analysis, [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA394088.pdf Joint Task Force Operations since 1983] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408132056/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA394088 |date=2013-04-08 }}, CRM94-42, July 1994
  • *The Silent Deep: The Royal Navy Submarine Service Since 1945 (2015) with James Jinks {{ISBN|9780241959480}} Penguin - authoritative origin description on CTF 311 pp. 345–6; CTF 345 pp. 254–7, 259.
  • Edgar F. Raines, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RXF1RSJTyxYC&q=The+Rucksack+War+Grenada "The Rucksack War: U.S. Army Operational Logistics in Grenada, 1983,"] Center for Military History, 2010. 120-series task forces active during "Operation Urgent Fury" in Grenada in 1983.
  • {{cite book|author=Roberts, John|title=Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|date=2009}} Includes mention of a number of RN task groups.

Category:Joint task forces (armed forces)