Kano (city)

Kano was originally known as Dala, after the hill, and was referred to as such until the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th by Bornoan sources.{{cite book|last=Nast|first=Heidi J|url=https://archive.org/details/concubinespowerf0000nast|title=Concubines and Power: Five Hundred Years in a Northern Nigerian Palace|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2005|isbn=0-8166-4154-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/concubinespowerf0000nast/page/60 60]|url-access=registration}}{{Cite book |last=Adamu |first=Abdullaha |title=Perspective on Kano |date=2010 |publisher=Tellettes and Consultanting Company Ltd |isbn=978-978-8092-53-7 |edition=First |location=Kano state |pages=200 |language=English}}

{{see also|Timeline of Kano}}

{{see also|Kingdom of Kano|Bagauda Dynasty}}File:Barth 1857 Kano from Mount Dala.jpg|174x174px]]In the 7th century, Dala Hill, a residual hill in Kano, was the site of a hunting and gathering community that engaged in iron work (Nok culture); it is unknown whether these were Hausa people or speakers of Niger–Congo languages.{{cite book|last=Iliffe|first=John|title=Africans: The History of a Continent|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-521-86438-1|page=75}} The Kano Chronicle identifies Barbushe, a warrior priest of Dala Hill and a female spirit deity known as Tsumburbura. Barbushe was from the lineage of the hunter family (maparauta) who were the Maguzawa and the city's first settlers. They worshipped the deity Tsumburbura (Elizabeth Isichei notes that the description of Barbushe is similar to those of Sao people).{{cite book |title= A History of African Societies to 1870|last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth |year=1997 |publisher=Cambridge Universitas Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00isic/page/234 234] |isbn=0-521-45599-5 |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00isic|url-access= registration}} File:Plan of the city of Kano, Soudan, ca.1836.jpgWhile small chiefdoms were previously present in the area, according to the Kano Chronicle, Bagauda son of Bawo and grandson of the mythical hero Bayajidda,{{cite book |last=Okehie-Offoha |first= Marcellina |author2=Matthew N. O. Sadiku|title=Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Nigeria |date=December 1995|publisher=Africa World Press |isbn= 978-0-86543-283-3|page=40}} became the first king of Kano in 999, reigning until 1063.Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Kano-Nigeria Kano], britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019{{cite encyclopedia |title =Kano |encyclopedia= Britannica Online|date= 2 May 2024|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc |url= https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9039547/Hausa}}{{cite book |last= Ki-Zerbo|first=Joseph |author-link=Joseph Ki-Zerbo |title=UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century |year=1998 |publisher= University of California Press |isbn=0-520-06699-5 |page=107}} His grandson Gijimasu (1095–1134), the third king, began building city walls (badala/ganuwa) at the foot of Dala Hill. His own son, Tsaraki (1136–1194), the fifth king, completed them during his reign.

{{see also|Sultanate of Kano|Muhammad Rumfa|Trans-Saharan trade}}In the 12th century, Ali Yaji from Kudawa lineage as King of Kano renounced his allegiance to the cult of Tsumburbura, converted to Islam and proclaimed the Sultanate that was to last until its fall in the 19th century. The reign of Yaji ensued an era of expansionism that saw Kano becoming the capital of a pseudo Habe Empire.

File:The Kano State Emirs Palace entrance.jpg built in the 15th century by Muhammadu Rumfa]]

In 1463, Muhammad Rumfa (reigned 1463–1499) ascended the throne. During his reign, political pressure from the rising Songhai Empire forced him to take Auwa, the daughter of Askiyah the Great as his wife. She was to later become the first female Madaki of Kano.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Rumfa was a rich and flamboyant king. Luxurious clothing and expensive ostrich feather shoes were common among government officials. The kakaki (a kind of trumpet) was also first used during his reign. His wealth is owed to Kano's commercial prosperity during this period. Kano arguably achieved the height of its reputation as an important trading center of the trans-Saharan trade in the Middle Ages during his reign. Leo Africanus's description of Kano is believed to be that of Rumfa's era. He described the locals as "wealthy merchants and skilled craftsmen" and commended the cavalry of the Sultan's army. He also noted the abundance of rice, corn, cotton and citrus fruits.{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Humphrey J.|date=1978|title=Leo Africanus and the Songhay Conquest of Hausaland|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|volume=11|issue=1|pages=86–112|doi=10.2307/217055|issn=0361-7882|jstor=217055}}

Rumfa reformed the city, expanded the Sahelian Gidan Rumfa (Emir's Palace), and played a role in the further Islamization of the city,{{cite web |url= http://www.nhm.org/africa/tour/desert/030.htm|title= Caravans Across the Desert: Marketplace|access-date=2007-05-06 |work= AFRICA: One Continent. Many Worlds. |publisher=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050102214010/http://www.nhm.org/africa/tour/desert/030.htm |archive-date = January 2, 2005}} as he urged prominent residents to convert{{cite web |url= http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=25|title= 50 Greatest Africans – Sarki Muhammad Rumfa & Emperor Semamun|access-date=2007-05-05 |work= When We Ruled|publisher=Every Generation Media}} and invited many prominent scholars to the city. He also built the walls of the city and the Kurmi market.{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Toby |title=A Fistful of Shells |date=2020 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=UK|page=57}} The Kano Chronicle attributes a total of twelve "innovations" to Rumfa.Nast, p. 61 According to the Kano Chronicle, the thirty-seventh Sarkin Kano (King of Kano) was Mohammed Sharef (1703–1731). His successor, Kumbari dan Sharefa (1731–1743), engaged in major battles with Sokoto as a longterm rivalry.

{{See also|Kano Emirate}}

At the beginning of the 19th century, Fulani Islamic leader Usman dan Fodio led a jihad affecting much of central Sudan which demolished the Habe kingdom, leading to the emergence of the Sokoto Caliphate. In 1805 the last sultan of Kano was defeated by the Jobe Clan of the Fulani, and Kano became an Emirate of the Caliphate. Kano was already the largest and most prosperous province of the empire.{{cite book |last=Lovejoy |first= Paul |page=195 |title= Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa |year=1983 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |place= Cambridge UK |isbn=0-521-24369-6}}

File:Kano Mosque in 1960.jpg (1960). Constructed during the reign of Muhammad Rumfa (r. 1463–1499). Abdullahi dan Dabo (r. 1855–1883) oversaw its refurbishment in the mid-19th century, and further restoration efforts were undertaken in the 1950s.]]

The city suffered famines from 1807 to 1810, in the 1830s, 1847, 1855, 1863, 1873, 1884, and from 1889 until 1890.{{cite web |url=http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/afoodsec.html |last=Milich|first=Lee |title= Food Security in Pre-Colonial Hausaland|access-date=2007-10-26 |publisher=College of Agriculture and Life Sciences |date=1997-07-17}}

During the 19th century when Kano came under the suzerainty of the Sokoto Caliphate, Kano prospered as the center of commercial activity. Weaving, dyeing and leatherwork were traded as far north as Morocco and thereafter to Europe. Its cotton cloth traded as far as Tripoli, Lake Chad, and Timbuktu.

In 1851, Heinrich Barth (a German scholar who spent several years in northern Nigeria in the 1850s) mentioned that Kano had a 10-mile long 30 ft high clay walls with a population of 30,000 with commerce and manufacturing abundant. He mentioned that "its huge market was a labyrinth of narrow alleys with everything sold from vegetables to slaves".{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The Fortunes of Africa: A 5000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour |publisher=Public Affairs |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |location=New York |pages=167}} He also called Kano the greatest emporium of central Africa and estimated the percentage of slaves in Kano to be at least 50%, most of whom lived in slave villages. This was one of the last major slave societies, with high percentages of enslaved population long after the Atlantic slave trade had been cut off.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

From 1893 until 1895, two rival claimants to the throne fought a civil war, or Basasa. With the help of royal slaves, Yusufu was victorious over his brother Tukur and claimed the title of emir.{{cite journal |last= Stilwell |first= Sean |year= 2000 |title=Power, Honour and Shame: The Ideology of Royal Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=70 |issue= 3|pages=394–421 |doi=10.2307/1161067|publisher=Edinburgh University Press |jstor=1161067}}

File:Ex-king of Kano.jpg first emir to reign after the Battle of Kano|left]]

In March 1903, the city-state was absorbed into the British Empire after the Battle of Kano, the Fort of Kano was captured by the British, It quickly replaced Lokoja as the administrative centre of Northern Nigeria. It was replaced as the centre of government by Zungeru and later Kaduna, and only regained administrative significance with the creation of Kano State following Nigerian independence.File:Mittelholzer-kano.jpg.|168x168px]]

From 1913 to 1914, as the peanut business was expanding, Kano suffered a major drought, which caused a famine.{{cite journal |last=Christelow |first=Allan |year=1987 |title=Property and Theft in Kano at the Dawn of the Groundnut Boom, 1912–1914 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=225–243 |doi=10.2307/219841 |publisher=Boston University African Studies Center |jstor=219841}} Other famines during British rule occurred in 1908, 1920, 1927, 1943, 1951, 1956, and 1958. By 1922, groundnut trader Alhassan Dantata had become the richest businessman in the Kano Emirate, surpassing fellow merchants Umaru Sharubutu Koki and Maikano Agogo.{{cite journal |last=Dan-Asabe |first=Abdulkarim Umar |date=November 2000 |title= Biography of Select Kano Merchants, 1853–1955|journal=FAIS Journal of Humanities |volume=1 |issue=2 |url= http://www.kanostate.net/Support%20Files/Biography%20of%20Select%20Kano%20Merchants.htm |access-date= 2007-10-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071009115026/http://www.kanostate.net/Support%20Files/Biography%20of%20Select%20Kano%20Merchants.htm|archive-date = October 9, 2007}}

In May 1953, an inter-ethnic riot arose due to southern newspapers misreporting on the nature of a disagreement between northern and southern politicians in the House of Representatives.{{cite book |author= Ernest E. Uwazie |author2=Isaac Olawale Albert |author3= G. N. Uzoigwe |title=Inter-Ethnic and Religious Conflict Resolution in Nigeria |chapter= The Role of Communication in the Escalation of Ethnic and Religious Conflicts |year=1999 |publisher= Lexington Books |isbn= 0-7391-0033-5|page=20}} Thousands of Nigerians of southern origin died as a result a politically sparked riot.Uwazie et al., p. 73File:Vol1BritishEmpireInAfrica 0017.jpgAdo Bayero became emir of Kano in 1963. Kano state was created in 1967 from the then Northern Nigeria by the Federal military government. The first military police commissioner, Audu Bako, is credited with building a solid foundation for the progress of a modern society. He started a lot of development projects—network of roads, a reliable urban water supply. He was a keen farmer himself and funded construction of number of dams to provide irrigation. Thanks to his policies, Kano produced all types of produce and export it to the neighbouring states. The first civilian governor was Abubakar Rimi.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

In December 1980, radical preacher Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine led a riot. He was killed by security forces, but his followers later started uprisings in other northern cities.{{cite book |editor-last=Hunwick |editor-first=John Owen |editor-link=John Hunwick |last=Gambari |first=Ibrahim |author-link=Ibrahim Gambari |chapter=The Role of Religion in National Life: Reflections on Recent Experiences in Nigeria |title=Religion and National Integration in Africa: Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria |year=1992 |publisher=Northwestern University Press |isbn=0-8101-1037-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/religionnational00hunw/page/90 90] |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/religionnational00hunw/page/90 }}

After the introduction of sharia law in Kano State in the early 2000s, many{{specify|date=May 2020}} Christians left the city.{{cite news |title=Nigeria's Kano state celebrates Sharia |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/798630.stm |publisher=BBC News |date= 2000-06-21 |access-date=2007-11-04}} 100 people were killed in riots over the sharia issue during October 2001.[https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2001-10-16-32-obasanjo-67542777/286046.html Obasanjo Assesses Riot Damage in Kano – 2001-10-16]. Voice of America News.{{cite news |title=Kano: Nigeria's ancient city-state |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3708309.stm |work=BBC online |publisher= BBC|date=2004-05-20 |access-date=2007-07-12}}

In November 2007, political violence broke out in the city after the People's Democratic Party (PDP) accused the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) of rigging the November 17 local government elections.{{cite news |title= Army patrols Kano after clashes |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7105790.stm |work=News.BBC.com |publisher= BBC News |date=2007-11-21|access-date=2007-11-21}} (The ANPP won in 36 of the state's 44 local Government Areas.){{cite news |first=Hassan A |last=Karofi |author2=Halima Musa |title= ANPP Sweeps Kano LG Polls |url= http://dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5253&Itemid=45 |work=Daily Trust online |date=2007-11-21 |access-date=2007-11-21}} Hundreds of youths took to the streets, over 300 of whom were arrested; at least 25 people were killed. Buildings set on fire include a sharia police station, an Islamic centre, and a council secretariat. 280 federal soldiers were deployed around the city.{{cite news |first=Ibrahim |last=Shuaibu |title=Kano Death Toll Rises to 25 |url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=95856 |work=Thisday online |publisher= Leaders & Company |date=2007-11-21 |access-date=2007-11-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071201091113/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=95856|archive-date = 2007-12-01}}File:HMA Bob Dewar visit to the Emir of Kano (3541396651).jpg and Robert Dewar the British high commissioner, 2009]]In January 2012, a series of bomb attacks killed up to 162 people. Four police stations, the State Security Service headquarters, passport offices and immigration centres were attacked. Jihadist insurgents Boko Haram claimed responsibility.{{cite news |title=Nigeria violence: Scores dead after Kano blasts |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16663693 |publisher= BBC News |access-date=2012-01-22 |date=2012-01-21}} After the bombings, Kano was placed under curfew.{{cite web |title=Many Dead Following Bomb Blasts in Kano, Nigeria |url=http://theglobalherald.com/many-dead-following-bomb-blasts-in-kano-nigeria/27104/ |url-status=dead |work=The Global Herald |access-date=2012-01-23 |archive-date=2013-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721135210/http://theglobalherald.com/many-dead-following-bomb-blasts-in-kano-nigeria/27104/ }} The Boko Haram insurgency continued with mass murders in March 2013, November 2014 and February 2015.

On 6 June 2014, Emir Ado Bayero who reigned as Emir of Kano for over five decades died, and a succession crisis loomed amongst the royal family. On 8 June 2014, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi a grandson of former Emir Muhammadu Sanusi I emerged as the new Emir of Kano.{{Cite web |date=10 June 2014 |title=The Intrigues And Politics Of SLS's Emergence As Kano Emir, As Presidency Plots To Sack Him, Kwankwaso |url=https://thewillnigeria.com/news/the-intrigues-and-politics-of-slss-emergence-as-kano-emir-as-presidency-plots-removal-of-kwankwaso-sanusi/ |access-date=2020-07-03 |website=THE WILL |language=en-US}} His accession led to widespread protests from supporters of Sanusi Ado Bayero the Chiroman Kano (Crown Prince) and son of the late Emir Ado Bayero,{{Cite web|last=Fawehinmi|first=Feyi|date=2016-05-02|title=Guest Post 1: The Case AGAINST Sanusi Lamido Sanusi As Emir of Kano|url=https://aguntasolo.co/guest-post-1-the-case-against-sanusi-lamido-sanusi-as-emir-of-kano-27503e9c9efa|access-date=2020-07-03|website=Medium|language=en}} with allegations that Governor Rabiu Kwankwaso interfered with the king-making process.{{Cite web|date=2014-06-09|title=How Lamido Sanusi escaped arrest after emerging Emir {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/162376-lamido-sanusi-escaped-arrest-emerging-emir.html|access-date=2020-08-05|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|last=Blueprint|date=2014-06-12|title=Jonathan orders Sanusi's arrest, Kwankwaso says|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/jonathan-orders-sanusis-arrest-kwankwaso-says/|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}

In 2019, Governor Abdullahi Umar Ganduje balkanized the traditional Kano Emirate into four new emirates; Bichi, Rano, Gaya and Karaye.{{Cite web|date=2019-12-05|title=Ganduje signs law creating new emirates in Kano|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/366798-ganduje-signs-law-creating-new-emirates-in-kano.html|access-date=2020-07-23|language=en-GB}} This unprecedented move was criticized by elders.{{Cite web|date=2019-12-08|title=Kano elders ask Ganduje to repeal law creating four new emirates|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/kano-elders-ask-ganduje-to-repeal-law-creating-four-new-emirates/|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}{{Cite news|title=Govnors dey tamper traditional kingdoms?|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-48276030|access-date=2021-06-05}} According to the law, out of the 44 local government areas in the state, Sanusi as Emir of Kano will preside over just 10 local government areas;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-10|title=New emirates: You can't usurp powers of kingmakers, court tells Ganduje|url=https://www.thecable.ng/new-emirates-you-cant-usurp-powers-of-kingmakers-court-tells-ganduje|access-date=2020-07-23|website=TheCable|language=en-US}} with the remainder carved up amongst the new emirates.{{Cite web |date=12 May 2019 |title=ANALYSIS: How Ganduje's 'fight' with Emir Sanusi alters Kano history |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/329536-analysis-how-gandujes-fight-with-emir-sanusi-alters-kano-history.html |access-date=23 January 2020 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}} On 9 March 2020, Sanusi was dethroned by Governor Abdullahi Ganduje.{{Cite web|last=Bukar|first=Muhammad|date=9 March 2020|title=BREAKING: Emir of Kano Muhammadu Sanusi dethroned|url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/03/09/breaking-emir-of-kano-muhammadu-sanusi-dethroned/|access-date=9 March 2020|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2020-03-09|title=Nigeria's Lamido Sanusi is dethroned for a second time|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/24376/nigerias-lamido-sanusi-is-dethroned-for-a-second-time/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US}} The emir was immediately moved to detention under heavy security escort to an apartment in awe, Nasarawa state.{{Cite web|title=Nigerian High Court Orders Release of Detained Former Islamic Ruler|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/nigerian-high-court-orders-release-detained-former-islamic-ruler|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2020-03-09|title=Sanusi arrested, exiled to Nassarawa|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/breaking-sanusi-arrested-exiled-to-nassarawa/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}} It took the intervention of the federal high court in Abuja to order his release from detention in Nasarawa.

The city lies south of the Sahara Desert in the Sudanian Savanna region that stretches across the south of the Sahel. The city lies near where the Kano and Challawa rivers flowing from the southwest converge to form the Hadejia River, which eventually flows into Lake Chad to the east.

Kano is {{convert|481|m|ft|lk=out|abbr=off}} above sea level. Kano has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw). The city has on average about {{convert|980|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation per year, the large majority of which falls from June through September. Like the vast majority of Nigeria, Kano is very hot for most of the year, peaking in April. From December through February, the city is less hot, with morning temperatures during the months of December, January and February averaging between {{convert|14|and|16|°C|1}}.

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Kano (1991–2020)

| Jan record high C = 39.0

| Feb record high C = 41.0

| Mar record high C = 42.4

| Apr record high C = 44.0

| May record high C = 44.8

| Jun record high C = 41.6

| Jul record high C = 38.5

| Aug record high C = 34.2

| Sep record high C = 39.0

| Oct record high C = 39.0

| Nov record high C = 39.0

| Dec record high C = 37.3

| year record high C =

| Jan high C = 29.4

| Feb high C = 33.1

| Mar high C = 37.0

| Apr high C = 39.5

| May high C = 38.2

| Jun high C = 34.8

| Jul high C = 31.7

| Aug high C = 30.3

| Sep high C = 32.1

| Oct high C = 34.5

| Nov high C = 33.7

| Dec high C = 30.3

| year high C = 33.7

| Jan mean C = 21.3

| Feb mean C = 24.7

| Mar mean C = 28.8

| Apr mean C = 32.0

| May mean C = 31.8

| Jun mean C = 29.2

| Jul mean C = 26.9

| Aug mean C = 25.9

| Sep mean C = 27.1

| Oct mean C = 27.7

| Nov mean C = 25.0

| Dec mean C = 21.9

| year mean C = 26.9

| Jan low C = 13.2

| Feb low C = 16.4

| Mar low C = 20.5

| Apr low C = 24.6

| May low C = 25.4

| Jun low C = 23.7

| Jul low C = 22.2

| Aug low C = 21.5

| Sep low C = 22.0

| Oct low C = 20.9

| Nov low C = 16.3

| Dec low C = 13.5

| year low C = 20.0

| Jan record low C = 5.0

| Feb record low C = 8.0

| Mar record low C = 10.0

| Apr record low C = 12.5

| May record low C = 18.3

| Jun record low C = 14.1

| Jul record low C = 15.0

| Aug record low C = 14.5

| Sep record low C = 14.1

| Oct record low C = 13.0

| Nov record low C = 6.5

| Dec record low C = 4.9

| year record low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 0.0

|Feb precipitation mm = 0.0

|Mar precipitation mm = 0.3

|Apr precipitation mm = 14.0

|May precipitation mm = 70.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 160.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 306.9

|Aug precipitation mm = 400.4

|Sep precipitation mm = 175.2

|Oct precipitation mm = 21.8

|Nov precipitation mm = 0.0

|Dec precipitation mm = 0.0

|year precipitation mm= 1149.2

|unit precipitation days= 1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 0.0

|Feb precipitation days = 0.0

|Mar precipitation days = 0.1

|Apr precipitation days = 0.8

|May precipitation days = 4.0

|Jun precipitation days = 7.7

|Jul precipitation days = 11.4

|Aug precipitation days = 14.2

|Sep precipitation days = 8.4

|Oct precipitation days = 1.6

|Nov precipitation days = 0

|Dec precipitation days = 0

|year precipitation days= 48.2

| Jan humidity = 25.3

| Feb humidity = 20.3

| Mar humidity = 18.8

| Apr humidity = 29.7

| May humidity = 46.1

| Jun humidity = 56.8

| Jul humidity = 66.2

| Aug humidity = 75.6

| Sep humidity = 72.5

| Oct humidity = 56.0

| Nov humidity = 35.6

| Dec humidity = 30.3

| year humidity = 44.4

|Jan sun = 245

|Feb sun = 232

|Mar sun = 239

|Apr sun = 234

|May sun = 264

|Jun sun = 261

|Jul sun = 229

|Aug sun = 220

|Sep sun = 240

|Oct sun = 267

|Nov sun = 264

|Dec sun = 260

|year sun = 2955

|Jand sun = 8

|Febd sun = 8

|Mard sun = 8

|Aprd sun = 8

|Mayd sun = 9

|Jund sun = 9

|Juld sun = 7

|Augd sun = 7

|Sepd sun = 8

|Octd sun = 9

|Novd sun = 9

|Decd sun = 8

|yeard sun =

| source = NOAA (sunshine 1961–1990){{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/Kano_65046.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kano

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = January 7, 2024}}

{{cite web

|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/NI/65046.TXT

|title = Kano Climate Normals 1961–1990

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = 7 July 2016}}

}}

Metropolitan Kano has eight local governments:{{Cite web |title=Metro Kano (Nigeria): Local Government Areas - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/metrokano/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}

File:Nigerian Public Domain 706.jpg

The economic history of Kano dates back to the Middle Ages when the city served as the southernmost point of the famous trans-Sahara trade routes. Kano was well connected with many cities in North Africa and some cities in southern Europe.Barau, A.S. (2007) The Great Attractions of Kano. By 1851, the city of Kano produced 10 million pairs of sandals and 5 million tanned hides annually for export,{{cite book|author=M. G. Smith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QUx0AAAAMAAJ&q=City+of+Kano+10+million+sandals|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=1997|publisher=Avalon Publishing|isbn=9780813332703|page=257|author-link=M. G. Smith}} with other products including textile materials, leather and grains. Kano was connected with trans-Atlantic trade in 1911 when a railway line reached Kano. Kano is a major centre for the production and export of agricultural products like hides, skins, peanuts, and cotton.

The city maintains its economy and business even in the 21st century, with it producing the richest man in Africa—Aliko Dangote—whose great-grandfather Alhassan Dantata was the richest West African in the mid 20th century. Over the years, inconsistent government policies and sporadic electricity supply hampered manufacturing and industry, so that Kano's economy relies primarily on trade, retail and services. There are plans to establish an information technology park in the city.{{cite news|date=2007-11-04|title=Nigerian city of Kano plans IT park|work=Panapress|publisher=Afriquenligne|url=http://www.afriquenligne.fr/news/daily-news/nigerian-city-of-kano-plans-it-park-2007110410666/|access-date=2007-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211095115/http://www.afriquenligne.fr/news/daily-news/nigerian-city-of-kano-plans-it-park-2007110410666/|archive-date=2008-02-11}}

File:September 2016 Durbar in Kano - Arrival of the Emir.jpg

Kano is traditionally an equestrian society and this is manifested during the annual Durbar festival{{Cite web|date=2016-07-07|title=Emir of Kano, Sanusi II rides through Kano during Durbar festival|url=https://susafrica.com/2022/05/04/kano-durbar-festival-a-colorful-celebration-with-visual-extravaganza/|access-date=2023-06-05|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}} to mark and celebrate the two annual Muslim festivals Eid al-Fitr (to mark the end of the Holy Month of Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (to mark the Hajj Holy Pilgrimage). Kano Durbar Festival is the Nigeria's Most Spectacular Horseparade that marks a celebration of northern Nigeria's cultural treasure.{{Cite web|date=2016-07-07|title=Emir of Kano, Sanusi II rides through Kano during Durbar festival|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/kano-durbar-festival-nigeria-s-most-spectacular-horseparade/tQLi5tQ-fjobJA|access-date=2023-12-11|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}} The festival begins with skilled horsemen from the royal court and aristocrats being accompanied by musicians, artillerymen, and traditional circus in a procession of highly rich and colorful style through the city on the way to the emir's palace. Once assembled near the palace, the horsemen separate into their respective groups, each under the banner of district head (hakimai) or a titled nobleman from the emir's court (masarauta), take it in turns to charge toward the emir, pulling up just feet in front of the seated dignitaries to offer their respect and allegiance. During the festival, the emir makes a beautiful appearance in different colors dressed and adorned with the attire of a king.{{Cite web|date=2016-07-07|title=Emir of Kano, Sanusi II rides through Kano during Durbar festival|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/emir-kano-sanusi-ii-rides-kano-durbar-festival/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}

For the first time in 200 years, the durban horse festival was cancelled in 2012 due to the bad health condition of the Emir of Kano.{{Cite news|date=2012-08-15|title=Nigeria: Kano cancels famous durbar horse festival|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-19274593|access-date=2021-06-05}} Some analysts suggested that the cancellation could also be attributed to the rising deadly Boko haram attacks in the northern part of Nigeria at that time.

Kano's architecture over the years has seen wide variations, especially from the traditional architecture to modern architecture. The city is a leading axis of Sudano-Sahelian architecture, developing the local Tubali style which manifested in mosques, walls, common compounds, and gates.

The design exteriorization of building façades was and is still widely used in Kano architecture, with the city harboring several skilled artisans.{{Cite journal|date=2019-09-01|title=The practice of Hausa traditional architecture: Towards conservation and restoration of spatial morphology and techniques|journal=Scientific African|language=en|volume=5|pages=e00142|doi=10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00142|issn=2468-2276|doi-access=free|last1=Umar|first1=Gali Kabir|last2=Yusuf|first2=Danjuma Abdu|last3=Ahmed|first3=Abubakar|last4=Usman|first4=Abdullahi M.|bibcode=2019SciAf...500142U }}

File:Kano municipal council gate.jpg

Formerly walled, most of the gates to the Old City survive. The Old City houses the vast Kurmi Market, known for its crafts, while old dye pits—still in use—lie nearby.{{Cite news|date=2014-02-03|title=A fading future for Nigeria's indigo dyers|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-25919537|access-date=2021-06-05}} In the Old City are the Emir's Palace, the Great Mosque, and the Gidan Makama Museum.

Among the places of worship, they are predominantly Muslims mosques.J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2107

There are also Christian churches for several denominations including :

• Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion);{{Cite web|title=The Rt Revd Zakka Nyam on World Anglican Clerical Directory|url=https://www.worldanglican.com/nigeria/kano/the-church-of-nigeria-anglican-communion/the-rt-revd-zakka-nyam|access-date=2021-06-05|website=World Anglican Clerical Directory|language=en}}
• Roman Catholic Diocese of Kano (Catholic Church);{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kano, Nigeria|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kano0.htm|access-date=2021-06-05|website=GCatholic}}
• Nigerian Baptist Convention (Baptist World Alliance);{{Cite web|date=2019-11-24|title=When Emir of Kano, Baptists hosted CAN president|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/when-emir-of-kano-baptists-hosted-can-president/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}
• Presbyterian Church of Nigeria (World Communion of Reformed Churches);{{Cite web|title=The Presbyterian Church {{!}} Kano|url=https://www.africabizinfo.com/NG/the-presbyterian-church|access-date=2021-06-05|website=AfricaBizInfo|language=en}}
• Pentecostal megachurches including; Assemblies of God, Living Faith Church Worldwide; Redeemed Christian Church of God

{{See also|Ancient Kano City Walls}}The Ancient Kano City Walls were built as a defensive wall with the construction of the foundation laid by Sarki Gijimasu (r. 1095–1134), the third king of the Kingdom of Kano in the Kano Chronicle. In the mid 14th century during the reign of Zamnagawa, the wall was completed before it was further expanded during the 16th century. According to historians, the then General-Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, Fredrick Lugard, wrote in a 1903 report about the Kano Walls that he had "never seen anything like it in Africa" after capturing the ancient city of Kano along with British forces.{{Cite web|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|title=Ancient Kano City Walls and Associated Sites |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5171/|access-date=2021-06-05|language=en}}

Many old royal residences have also survived to this day, mainly within the old city and its surroundings. Such private houses include the Gidan Chiroma, Filin Chiranchi, and others. Larger palaces, include the Gidan Rumfa, Gidan Makama, and winter retreat for the emir.

File:Bayero1.jpg campus]]

• The Bayero University Kano is the oldest university in the city. The seed of the university was the Ahmadu Bello College set up in 1962 by Isa Kaita. It was raised to the status of University College in 1975, with the right to award degrees on behalf of Ahmadu Bello University until 1980.{{cite web |url=https://www.buk.edu.ng/index.php/History_Facts_Figures|title=History, Facts and Figures|access-date=2024-09-01 |work=BUK.edu.ng |publisher=Bayero University Kano}} It became a federal university in 1977, and remains an important institution of learning today.
• Sa'adatu Rimi University of Education Kano{{Cite web|url=https://www.srcoe.edu.ng/|title=Sa'adatu Rimi College of Education Kano|website=Sa'adatu Rimi College of Education Kano}}
• Skyline University Nigeria (SUN), founded in 2018.{{cite web|title=ABOUT SKYLINE UNIVERSITY NIGERIA|url=https://sun.edu.ng/about|website=sun.edu.ng|language=en|access-date=2020-05-19|archive-date=June 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611105524/https://www.sun.edu.ng/about|url-status=live}}
• Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano (YUSMUK), founded in 2012.

• Kano State Polytechnic was founded in 1975.
• Federal College of Education, Kano{{Cite web|url=https://fcekano.edu.ng/afcek/|title=Federal College of Education, Kano, Kano State | Official Portal|website=fcekano.edu.ng|access-date=2023-12-17|archive-date=2022-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809023905/https://www.fcekano.edu.ng/afcek/|url-status=dead}}
• Aminu Kano College of Islamic Legal Studies, Kano

File:Kano3.jpg

File:Kofar Nasarawa - Kano City Gate.jpg

Kano houses a railway station with trains to Lagos routed through Kaduna, while Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport lies nearby.{{Cite web|date=2021-03-06|title=FG to open Kano, new MM International Airports for use in March|url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/03/06/fg-to-open-kano-new-mm-international-airports-for-use-in-march/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB}} The city is supplied with water by the nearby Challawa Gorge Dam, which is being considered as a source of hydro power.{{cite web|author=PROF. ABDU SALIHI, FNSE|date=May 11{{ndash}}12, 2009|title=Hydropower Development at Tiga and Challawa Gorge Dams, Kano State, Nigeria|url=http://www.inshp.org/THE%205th%20HYDRO%20POWER%20FOR%20TODAY%20CONFERENCE/Presentations/Nigeria/Hydropower%20Development%20At%20Tiga%20And%20Challawa%20Gorge%20Dams.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726181333/http://www.inshp.org/THE%205th%20HYDRO%20POWER%20FOR%20TODAY%20CONFERENCE/Presentations/Nigeria/Hydropower%20Development%20At%20Tiga%20And%20Challawa%20Gorge%20Dams.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-26|access-date=2009-10-02|publisher=International Network on Small Hydro Power (IN-SHP)}} Because Kano is north of the rail junction at Kaduna, it has equal access to the seaports at Lagos and Port Harcourt.

The airline Kabo Air had its head office in the city."[http://www.kaboair.com/contact.html Contact Us]." Kabo Air. Retrieved on 27 November 2010. "HEAD OFFICE 67/73 Ashton Rd P.O.Box 1850 Kano State Nigeria" Kano was also headquarters of Azman Airlines and is the headquarters city of Max Air. Egypt Air, Ethiopian Airlines, Saudia and Qatar Airways serve as International airlines for both cargo and Passenger trips and various independent travel agencies.

After a hiatus of many years, the railway line from Kano to Lagos was rehabilitated by 2013. The train trip to Lagos takes 30 hours and costs the equivalent of US$12, only a quarter of the equivalent bus fare.[https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21571481-renovated-railway-line-welcome-more-are-still-sorely-needed-slow "Trains in Nigeria: A slow but steady new chug,"] The Economist

In 2014, a new double track, standard gauge line is under construction from Lagos.{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/03/25/zte-communications-nigerias-railway/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609190950/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/03/25/zte-communications-nigerias-railway/|title=ZTE COMMUNICATIONS FOR NIGERIA'S RAILWAY|archive-date=9 June 2014|work=Railways Africa}}

In 2017, a 74-km, four-line light rail network was announced by the Kano State Ministry of Works, Housing & Transport; with a US$1.8 billion contract signed with China Railway Construction Corporation.{{cite web|url=https://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/kano-light-rail-contract-signed.html|title=Kano light rail contract signed|website=Metro Report|date=17 February 2017|access-date=22 July 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/nigeria-to-build-a-light-rail-system-in-kano/|title=Nigeria to build a light rail system in Kano|website=Railway Pro|date=2 September 2016|access-date=22 July 2019}}

Two trans-African automobile routes pass through Kano:

• Algiers-Lagos Highway

• Dakar-Ndjamena Highway

From 2006 to 2015, backed by high oil prices, major highways, overhead bridges and other transportation infrastructure were built by the state government. The most notable of these are the Silver Jubilee flyover bridge at Kofar Nassarawa, the Kofar Kabuga underpass and various 6-lane highways in the city. In 2020, the Vice president of Nigeria Yemi Osibanjo was in Kano to commission the Alhassan Dantata flyover along Murtala Muhammad Way and Tijjani Hashim underpass way, Kofar Ruwa.{{Cite web|date=2020-01-13|title=Osinbajo arrives Kano, commissions Dantata flyover|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/372362-osinbajo-arrives-kano-commissions-dantata-flyover.html|access-date=2021-06-05|language=en-GB}}

File:Kano Golden Jubilee Round About.jpg

{{div col}}

• Sani Abacha, former Nigerian Head of State{{Cite web|date=2021-06-13|title=Remembering Sani Abacha|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/remembering-sani-abacha/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2021-06-05|title=Buhari, Biafra And Twitter, By Ozodinukwe Okenwa|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/06/05/buhari-biafra-and-twitter-ozodinukwe-okenwa|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Sahara Reporters}}
• Lawan Musa Abdullahi, lawyer and politician{{Cite news|last=Ibrahim|first=Hamza|date=2021-01-22|title=Nigerian appeals court throws out blasphemy convictions that caused outcry|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-crime-blasphemy-idUSKBN29Q2G6|access-date=2021-06-28}}
• Aliko Dangote, entrepreneur.{{Cite web|date=2021-06-01|title=Who Is Aliko Dangote? – History and Biography Of The Richest Man In Nigeria|url=https://buzznigeria.com/who-is-aliko-dangote-history-and-biography-of-the-richest-man-in-nigeria/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2021-04-18|title=Dangote vs BUA: Borrowing from Ganduje's initiative|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/dangote-vs-bua-borrowing-from-gandujes-initiative/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}
• Auwalu Abdullahi Rano, Businessman and entrepreneur
• Alhassan Dantata, businessman{{Cite web|date=2021-04-16|title=Ganduje reconciles Dangote, BUA|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/sugar-ganduje-reconciles-dangote-bua/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}
• Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, current APC party chairman{{Cite web|last1=Ero|first1=Adekunbi|last2=Perishable|title=The Real Reasons Sanusi was Deposed as Emir of Kano – Gov. Ganduje - TELL|url=https://tell.ng/the-real-reasons-sanusi-was-deposed-as-emir-of-kano-gov-ganduje/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=tell.ng|date=14 February 2021 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2019-05-29|title=KANO: Sanusi Absent As New Kano Emirs Attend Ganduje's Inauguration|url=https://thewhistler.ng/kano-sanusi-absent-as-new-kano-emirs-attend-gandujes-inauguration/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The Whistler Nigeria|language=en-GB}}
• Aminu Kano, teacher, politician and reformer {{Cite book|last1=Akyeampong|first1=Emmanuel Kwaku|title=Dictionary of African Biography|last2=Gates|first2=Henry Louis|publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc.|year=2012|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|location=New York|pages=289}}{{Cite book|last=Dudley|first=B. J.|title=Parties and Politics in Northern Nigeria|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=978-1-136-96182-3|location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire|pages=107}}{{Cite book|last=Awa|first=Eme O.|title=Federal Government in Nigeria|publisher=University of California Press|year=1964|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=99}}
• Rabiu Kwankwaso, politician, former Governor of Kano State, Senator in the Nigerian Senate and Minister of Defense{{Cite web|date=2021-06-18|title=Ex-PDP govs move to 'rescue' Nigeria from insecurity|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ex-pdp-govs-move-to-rescue-nigeria-from-insecurity/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|date=2017-03-14|title=Breaking: Kwankwanso, 10 Kano state lawmakers dump APC for PDP|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/breaking-kwakwanso-10-kano-state-lawmakers-dump-apc-pdp/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2020-04-28|title=Kano mysterious deaths: Kwankwaso writes Buhari, wants probe into cause of deaths|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/04/kano-mysterious-deaths-kwankwaso-writes-buhari-wants-probe-into-cause-of-deaths/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}
• Murtala Muhammed, former Head of State, Federal Republic of Nigeria.{{Cite web|date=2021-02-21|title=Murtala Muhammad, 45 Years After!|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/02/21/murtala-muhammad-45-years-after/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2021-06-13|title=ICYMI: Late Murtala Muhammed's son, two ex-guber candidates, others defect to APC in Kano|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/icymi-late-murtala-muhammeds-son-two-ex-guber-candidates-others-defect-to-apc-in-kano/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}
• Abdul Samad Rabiu, entrepreneur{{Cite web|date=2020-08-09|title=Glad Tidings! Billionaire Industrialist Abdul Samad Rabiu Is 60|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/08/09/glad-tidings-billionaire-industrialist-abdul-samad-rabiu-is-60/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}
• Isyaku Rabiu, businessman{{Cite web|date=2020-08-04|title=Abdulsamad Rabiu: Exploring the journey of Nigeria´s silent billionaire @ 60|url=https://nairametrics.com/2020/08/04/abdulsamad-rabiu-exploring-the-journey-of-nigerias-silent-billionaire-60/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB}}
• Abubakar Rimi former Governor of Kano state.{{Cite web|date=2019-04-05|title=Remembering Abubakar Rimi|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/04/06/remembering-abubakar-rimi/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2018-04-13|title=Rimi's giant footprints: Tribute to the last great leader|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/rimis-giant-footprints-tribute-last-great-leader/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}
• Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, banker{{Cite web|date=2021-06-19|title=Making Nigeria Work According To Sanusi|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/making-nigeria-work-according-to-sanusi/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2021-06-18|title=Broadening Perspectives on Nigeria with Sanusi's New Book|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/06/18/broadening-perspectives-on-nigeria-with-sanusis-new-book/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2021-03-13|title=Former Kano Emir, Lamido Sanusi named new leader of Islamic sect|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/448680-former-kano-emir-lamido-sanusi-named-new-leader-of-islamic-sect.html|access-date=2021-06-28|language=en-GB}}
• Ibrahim Shekarau, politician, former Governor of Kano State, Minister of Education, and Nigerian Senate{{Cite web|date=2021-01-03|title=2023 Elections: Ibrahim Shekarau preaches balance, common sense|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/2023-elections-shekarau-preaches-balance-common-sense/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Newly Elected Senators [FULL LIST]|url=https://independent.ng/newly-elected-senators-full-list/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|date=March 2019 |language=en-GB}}
• Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila bureaucrat and politician.
• Alhassan Yusuf, footballer, currently plays for New England Revolution{{Cite web|date=2020-07-31|title=Sweden Cup triumph doubly special celebrates Alhassan Yusuf|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/sweden-cup-triumph-doubly-special-celebrates-alhassan-yusuf/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814111012/https://scorenigeria.com.ng/sweden-cup-triumph-doubly-special-celebrates-alhassan-yusuf/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 14, 2020|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Score Nigeria|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Colman|first=Jonty|date=2020-06-12|title=Who is Alhassan Yusuf? Teenager profiled amid United and Barcelona links|url=https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/sport/football/alhassan-yusuf-sheffield-united-profile-18409214|access-date=2021-06-28|website=YorkshireLive|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2020-06-13|title=Goteborg Nigerian Midfielder Yusuf Linked With Wolves, Sheffield|url=https://www.completesports.com/goteborg-nigerian-midfielder-yusuf-linked-with-wolves-sheffield/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Complete Sports|language=en-US}}
• Sussan Ley, Nigerian-born English-Australian politician

{{div col end}}

{{Portal|Nigeria}}

• Gwagwarwa
• Kano Emirate Council

{{reflist}}

{{See also|Timeline of Kano#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Kano}}

• {{cite book |title=Urban Growth and Land Degradation in Developing Cities: Change and Challenges in Kano, Nigeria |last=Maconachie |first=Roy |year=2007 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-4828-4 |series=King's SOAS Studies in Development Geography}}
• {{cite book |title=The Great Attractions of Kano |last=Barau |first=Aliyu Salisu |year=2007 |publisher=Research and Documentation Directorate, Government House Kano|isbn=978-978-8109-33-4 |series=Research and Documentation publications}}

{{Sister project links|auto=yes}}

{{EB9 Poster|Kano}}

• {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Kano|short=x}}

{{Cities in Nigeria}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Nigeria

Category:Populated places in Kano State

Category:State capitals in Nigeria