Kanpur#Law and order

In 1207, Raja Kanha-deo of the Kanhpuriya clan of Rajputs established the city of Kanhpur and made it his capital, which later came to be known as Kanpur.{{cite web |url=http://www.journeymart.com/de/india/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-history.aspx |title=Kanpur History - History of Kanpur City- History of Kanpur India |publisher=Journeymart.com |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702060614/http://www.journeymart.com/de/india/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-history.aspx |archive-date=2 July 2015 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/26681/8/Chapter%207_479-525p.pdf |title=Man |page=479 |publisher=Dspace.wbpublisher.gov.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702143405/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/26681/8/Chapter%207_479-525p.pdf |archive-date=2 July 2015 |url-status=live }}

The area was ruled by several rulers of Kannauj, such as Harsha Vardhan, Jai Chand and Mihir Bhoja.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} It was also ruled by Muslim rulers of the Sur dynasty. In May 1765, Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh, was defeated by the British near Jajmau. From 1773 to 1801, Kanpur was part of the Oudh Kingdom, followed by the treaty of 1801 between Nawab Saadat Ali Khan of Awadh and the British, who realized the strategic importance. Several European businessmen established themselves in Kanpur, during this time.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

With the first woollen mill of India, commonly known as the Lal Imli ({{literally|Red Tamarind}}, for a brand produced by the mill) by the British India Corporation established here in 1876 by Alexander MacRobert.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The eastern and northern façades of the mill are reminiscent of the Palace of Westminster, due to their architecture, proximity to the Ganga river and with the north-east corner of the mill being topped by a clock tower similar to Big Ben in London.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} This similarity underscores the city's importance and prestige during the British times, which extends till date; making the Lal Imli — a great highlight of the city. The city is also widely regarded as the "Leather City of the World" and is predominantly nicknamed as the "Manchester of the East", for its chemical, textile and leather industries. Alexander MacRobert has an area named after him in the city, McRobertganj.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

{{main|Siege of Cawnpore}}

File:Kanpur from the river.jpg

In the 19th century, Cawnpore was an important British garrison with barracks for 7,000 soldiers. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, 900 British men, women and children were besieged in the fortifications for 22 days by rebels under Nana Sahib. They surrendered on the agreement that they would get safe passage to the nearby Sati Chaura Ghat whereupon they would board barges and be allowed to go by river to Allahabad.{{cite book | last = Wright | first = Caleb | title = Historic Incidents and Life in India | orig-year = 1863 | url = https://archive.org/details/historicinciden00braigoog | publisher = J. A. Brainerd | isbn = 978-1-135-72312-5 | page = [https://archive.org/details/historicinciden00braigoog/page/n328 239] | year = 1863}}

Though controversy surrounds what exactly happened at the Sati Chaura Ghat, and who fired the first shot, it is known that, soon afterwards, the departing British were shot at by the sepoys and were either killed or captured. Some of the British officers later claimed that the sepoys had, on purpose, placed the boats as high in the mud as possible, to cause delay. They also claimed that Nana Sahib's camp had previously arranged for the sepoys to fire upon and to kill all of the English. Although the East India Company later accused Nana Sahib of betrayal and murder of innocent people, no evidence has ever been found to prove that Nana Sahib had planned or ordered the massacre. Some historians believe that the Sati Chaura Ghat massacre was the result of confusion and not of any plan implemented by Nana Sahib or of his associates. Lieutenant Mowbray Thomson, one of the four male survivors of the massacre, believed that the rank-and-file sepoys who spoke to him did not know of the killing to come.{{cite book | last = Sen | first = Surendra Nath | title = Eighteen Fifty-seven | orig-year = 1957 | year = 1995 | publisher = Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India | isbn = 978-81-230-0093-0 | page = 145 }}

Many were killed and the remaining 200 British women and children were brought back to shore and sent to a building called the Bibighar (House of the Ladies). After some time, the commanders of the rebels decided to kill their hostages. The rebel soldiers refused to carry out orders and butchers from the nearby town were brought in to kill the hostages three days before the British entered the city on 18 July. The dismembered bodies were thrown into a deep well nearby. The British, under General Neill, retook the city and committed a series of retaliations against the rebel sepoys and those civilians caught in the area, including women, children and old men. The Cawnpore Massacre, as well as similar events elsewhere, were seen by the British as justification for unrestrained vengeance.Dalrymple, W. 2007. The Last Mughal. The Fall of a Dynasty: Delhi, 1857, Alfred Knopf, New York "Remember Cawnpore" became a British war cry for the rest of the war.

File:Ganga Barrage Kanpur.jpg.]]

Kanpur is located at {{coord|26.449923|N|80.331874|E}} in the central-western part of the state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies at a distance of approx 484 km from national-capital New Delhi and approx 80 km from the state-capital Lucknow. It is a part of the historical region of Awadh.

Situated in the flat Indo-Gangetic Plains, Kanpur has an average elevation of 318 m above sea level.{{cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Kanpur, India |url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Kanpur.html |website=www.fallingrain.com |access-date=22 October 2023}} The Ganga flows by the city and several ghats are located on its banks, notably the Sati Chaura Ghat and Sarsaiya Ghat. The Brahmavart Ghat located at Bithoor (25 km northwards) is another ghat of religious importance.

Several parks and recreational areas are located in Kanpur. Nana Rao Park and Phool Bagh are among the prominent parks in city that exist from the time of British Raj. The Moti Jheel, a rectangular lake, was originally developed as a drinking water reservoir. The lake has now been developed as a recreational area with a landscaped garden and a children's park. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary is also located near Kanpur.

{{Main|Climate of Uttar Pradesh}}

Like most of lowland northern India, Kanpur has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Cwa) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) under the Köppen climate classification. Kanpur sees an annual precipitation of 864.5 mm. Southwest Monsoon enters around 20/23rd June and total precipitation from monsoon is around 750-760 mm.

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| location = Kanpur Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)

| metric first = Yes

| single line = Yes

| temperature colour =

| Jan record high C = 31.1

| Feb record high C = 35.6

| Mar record high C = 42.8

| Apr record high C = 45.6

| May record high C = 47.2

| Jun record high C = 47.3

| Jul record high C = 45.0

| Aug record high C = 40.6

| Sep record high C = 40.0

| Oct record high C = 40.6

| Nov record high C = 36.1

| Dec record high C = 31.3

| year record high C = 47.3

| Jan high C = 22.3

| Feb high C = 25.8

| Mar high C = 30.7

| Apr high C = 37.0

| May high C = 40.3

| Jun high C = 39.2

| Jul high C = 34.7

| Aug high C = 32.9

| Sep high C = 32.8

| Oct high C = 32.9

| Nov high C = 28.3

| Dec high C = 24.1

| year high C = 31.5

| Jan mean C = 15.2

| Feb mean C = 18.3

| Mar mean C = 22.8

| Apr mean C = 28.5

| May mean C = 32.8

| Jun mean C = 33.3

| Jul mean C = 30.8

| Aug mean C = 29.4

| Sep mean C = 28.5

| Oct mean C = 25.4

| Nov mean C = 20.6

| Dec mean C = 16.6

| year mean C = 25.15

| Jan low C = 8.0

| Feb low C = 10.8

| Mar low C = 14.8

| Apr low C = 20.0

| May low C = 25.4

| Jun low C = 27.4

| Jul low C = 27.0

| Aug low C = 26.0

| Sep low C = 24.2

| Oct low C = 18.0

| Nov low C = 13.0

| Dec low C = 9.0

| year low C = 18.3

| Jan record low C = 1.6

| Feb record low C = 0.6

| Mar record low C = 7.2

| Apr record low C = 11.1

| May record low C = 16.4

| Jun record low C = 20.6

| Jul record low C = 21.7

| Aug record low C = 21.7

| Sep record low C = 11.8

| Oct record low C = 4.6

| Nov record low C = 0.5

| Dec record low C = -0.9

| year record low C = -0.9

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 22.7

| Feb rain mm = 14.0

| Mar rain mm = 8.9

| Apr rain mm = 5.9

| May rain mm = 10.3

| Jun rain mm = 78.9

| Jul rain mm = 281.8

| Aug rain mm = 206.1

| Sep rain mm = 143.3

| Oct rain mm = 33.4

| Nov rain mm = 6.0

| Dec rain mm = 4.7

|year rain mm = 864.5

| Jan rain days = 1.9

| Feb rain days = 1.1

| Mar rain days = 1.5

| Apr rain days = 0.7

| May rain days = 1.4

| Jun rain days = 4.7

| Jul rain days = 11.2

| Aug rain days = 10.8

| Sep rain days = 5.9

| Oct rain days = 1.3

| Nov rain days = 0.5

| Dec rain days = 0.3

|year rain days = 41.4

| time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 56

| Feb humidity = 53

| Mar humidity = 43

| Apr humidity = 30

| May humidity = 31

| Jun humidity = 45

| Jul humidity = 66

| Aug humidity = 76

| Sep humidity = 70

| Oct humidity = 55

| Nov humidity = 61

| Dec humidity = 60

| year humidity = 54

| source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web |url=https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42867 |title=Nagpur(42867) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809085837/https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42867 |url-status=dead }}

{{cite web

| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| archive-date = 1 January 2023

| title = Climatological Tables 1991-2020

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = 1 January 2023

| page = 21}}

}}Kanpur has been ranked 5th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=19 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=dead }}

{{Historical population

| 1901 | 202797

| 1911 | 178557

| 1921 | 216436

| 1931 | 219189

| 1941 | 452495

| 1951 | 646811

| 1961 | 892468

| 1971 | 1160026

| 1981 | 1489301

| 1991 | 1874409

| 2001 | 2551337

| 2011 | 2765348

|2021 | 3104000}}

{{bar box

|title=Religion in Kanpur (2011)

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=left

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|78.03}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|19.85}}

{{bar percent|Sikhism|darkkhaki|1.01}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|0.46}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|Black|0.47}}}}

{{further|Ethnic communities in Kanpur|List of people from Kanpur}}

As per the provisional results of 2011 census, Kanpur Nagar district has a population of 4,581,000.{{Cite web|url=https://kanpursmartcity.org/about-us|title=Kanpur Smart City|website=kanpursmartcity.org}} The literacy rate was 79.65 per cent and sex ratio was 862.{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 May 2012 | access-date=26 March 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf|title=Urban agglomerations/cities having population 1 million and above|year=2011|work=Provisional population totals, census of India 2011|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 January 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215163132/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2011}} There are 35 Parsis in Kanpur with their Fire temple at The Mall.{{cite web |url=http://zoroastrians.net/2014/02/05/appeal-cawnpore-parsee-anjuman-kanpur/ |title=Appeal – Cawnpore Parsee Anjuman, Kanpur | Parsis, Iranis, Zarathushtis - ALL Under One Roof |date=5 February 2014 |publisher=Zoroastrians.net |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520220439/http://zoroastrians.net/2014/02/05/appeal-cawnpore-parsee-anjuman-kanpur/ |archive-date=20 May 2014 |url-status=live }} Hinduism is a majority in Kanpur with a sizeable minority of Muslims. Sikhs, Christians and Buddhists are below 2 percent.{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

Although final data of census 2023 is yet to be declared, population of Kanpur Nagar District is projected as 63,67,963 in year 2023 (estimation as per aadhar ‘UIDAI’ data).

As per 2011 Census, population of Kanpur City and its suburbs was 30,15,645 making it the largest urban agglomeration of Uttar Pradesh. Thereafter, urban area of Kanpur City has expanded to a large extent. However, limits of its urban area are still pending for approval by the Government. Tentatively population of Kanpur City and Kanpur metropolitan area in 2024 is projected as 39,26,000 and 51,00,000 respectively as per the data available so far.

{{Clear}}Awadhi is the native dialect. Hindi and Urdu are the predominant languages in the city. Punjabi is spoken by 1.25%, while Bengali is spoken by over 11,000 people in the city.{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Town level): Uttar Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

File:Kanpur Skyscrapers.jpg

File:IIT Kanpur 4.jpg

File:IIT Kanpur metro station.jpg

The metropolitan region defined under JNNURM by Kanpur Nagar Nigam, includes the Kanpur Nagar Nigam area, 8 kilometres around KNN boundary and newly included 47 villages of Unnao district on the north-eastern side, it extends to Murtaza Nagar, in the west its limit is up to Akbarpur, Kanpur Dehat Nagar Panchayat limit, on the eastern side the limit has been expanded on the road leading to Fatehpur and in extended up to. The metropolitan region area includes the area of Shuklaganj Municipal Committee (Nagar Palika), Unnao Municipal Committee (Nagar Palika), Akbarpur Village Authority (Nagar Panchayat) and Bithoor Village Authority (Nagar Panchayat) area.{{cite web |url=http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/CDP_Kanpur.pdf |title=Final Report : Kanpur City |publisher=Jnnurm.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218194818/http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/CDP_Kanpur.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2015 }} In 1997–98, total metropolitan region area has increased to 89131.15 hectare out of which 4,743.9 hectare (5.31%) was non-defined (prohibited area) and rest 29,683 hectare and 54,704 hectare (61.39%) was urban and rural area respectively.

Kanpur division which consists of six districts, and is headed by the divisional commissioner of Kanpur, who is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of high seniority, the commissioner is the head of local government institutions (including municipal corporations) in the division, is in charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division.{{cite web|url=http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx|title=CONSTITUTIONAL SETUP|website=Government of Uttar Pradesh|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000649/http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx|archive-date=31 August 2017|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|title=Indian Administration|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=New Delhi|pages=563–572|edition=6th}}{{Cite book|title=Revenue administration in India: A case study of Bihar|last=Singh|first=G.P.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-8170993810|location=Delhi|pages=26–129}}{{Cite book|title=Governance in India|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=Noida|pages=5.1–5.2|edition=2nd}} The district magistrate of Kanpur reports to the divisional commissioner. The current commissioner is Shri Amit Gupta.

Kanpur district administration is headed by the district magistrate of Kanpur, who is an IAS officer. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the elections held in the city. The DM is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city.{{Cite book|title=Indian Administration|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=New Delhi|pages=573–597|edition=6th}}{{Cite book|title=Governance in India|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=Noida|pages=6.1–6.6|edition=2nd}}{{Cite book|title=Revenue administration in India: A case study of Bihar|last=Singh|first=G.P.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-8170993810|location=Delhi|pages=50–124}} The DM is assisted by a chief development officer; four additional district magistrates for finance/revenue, city, land acquisition, and civil supply; one city magistrat; and seven additional city magistrates.{{cite web|url=http://kanpurnagar.nic.in/WorkDistribution/WorkDistribution.htm|title=Work Distribution :-|website=Kanpur Nagar district website|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213091756/http://kanpurnagar.nic.in/WorkDistribution/WorkDistribution.htm|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live}} The district has four tehsils viz. Sadar, Bilhaur, Ghatampur and Narwal, each headed by a sub-divisional magistrate. The current DM is Mr. Rakesh Kumar Singh.

{{Main|Kanpur Development Authority|Kanpur Municipal Corporation}}

thumb

Kanpur municipality was established on 22 November 1861, and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1959.{{Cite web|title=Chapter IV: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF KANPUR REGION|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/223280/10/10_chapter%204.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Shodhganga}} The local government of Kanpur is governed under the Municipal act for the state, Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959.{{Cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act|url=http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233237/http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf|url-status=dead}}

The area under the municipal limits of Kanpur city, or Kanpur Municipal Corporation, is spread over an area of 403 square km.{{Cite web|title=District Handbook - Town Amenities - Row 409|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB.html|access-date=20 October 2020}} It oversees civic activities in the city. The head of the corporation is the mayor, but the executive and administration of the corporation are the responsibility of the municipal commissioner, who is an IAS officer. The executive wing is headed by municipal commissioner, Sudhir kumar and has the following departments: Revenue, City Cleansing, Engineering, Marg Prakash, Health, Accounts, Personnel/HRD, Swasthya Vibhag, Education, Mukya Nagar Lekha Vibhag, Pariyojna, Udyan Vibhag, Chikitsa Vibhag, Encroachment & Cattle Catching Department.{{Cite web|title=KMC: Organisational Structure|url=http://kmc.up.nic.in/#|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Kanpur Municipal Corporation}} There is also an executive committee present in the city.{{Cite web|date=1 January 2006|title=Corporators spit fire, officers play truant|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/corporators-spit-fire-officers-play-truant/story-s3YDepYD3HukkIUfcfHWtM.html|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}{{Cite web |date=25 October 2013 |author=TNN |title=Kanpur Municipal Corporation's executive panel to discuss new proposals today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Kanpur-Municipal-Corporations-executive-panel-to-discuss-new-proposals-today/articleshow/24693187.cms|access-date=21 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}

The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by Kanpur Development Authority (KDA), which comes under the Housing Department of Uttar Pradesh government. The divisional commissioner of Kanpur acts as the ex-officio Chairman of KDA, whereas a vice chairperson, a government-appointed IAS officer, looks after the daily matters of the authority.{{cite web|title=About KDA|url=http://www.kdaindia.co.in/aboutkda.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809132436/http://www.kdaindia.co.in/aboutkda.aspx|archive-date=9 August 2017|access-date=16 August 2017|website=Kanpur Development Authority}} The current vice-chairman of Kanpur Development Authority is Shri Madan Singh Garbyal.{{Cite web |title=KDA Website |url=https://www.kdaindia.co.in/en/contact.php }}

The municipality receives revenue from general tax, advertisement tax, income from municipal properties, grants from state government etc.{{Cite web|title=Final Report: Kanpur City Development Plan Under JNNURM (complete document)|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/CDP_Kanpur.pdf|website=India Environment Portal}}

The Kanpur District Court is headed by the district judge of Kanpur, who is assisted by numerous additional district judges, civil judges (senior division) and additional civil judges. Kanpur is a notified metropolitan area by UP Government under Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and therefore has a chief metropolitan magistrate, who is assisted by several metropolitan magistrates. The district judge is Shri Pradeep Kumar Singh, and the chief metropolitan magistrate was Shri Sushil Kumar Singh.

{{Main|Kanpur Police}}

Kanpur Nagar police administration is headed by a Commissioner of Police which is an IPS officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Uttar Pradesh Police. Present Police Commissioner of Kanpur Nagar is Shri Akhil kumar, who is assisted by an Addl. Commissioner, a Joint Commissioner and several Dy. Commissioners, Addl. Dy. Commissioners, Assistant Commissioners of police who are either IPS officers or Provincial Police Service (PPS) officers.{{cite web |title=Officers posted at KANPUR NAGAR |url=https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?kanpurngr&cd=NgA2ADIA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817042131/https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?kanpurngr&cd=NgA2ADIA |archive-date=17 August 2017 |access-date=16 August 2017 |website=Uttar Pradesh Police}} Each of the several police circles is headed by an Assistant Commissioner of Police in the rank of deputy superintendent of police.

The city is divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with a ward population range of 19,000 to 26,000 and 110 corporators directly elected from each ward.{{Cite web|title=mayor_corporators|url=http://kmc.up.nic.in/mayor_corporators.htm|access-date=20 October 2020|website=kmc.up.nic.in}} As mandated by the 74th constitutional amendment, there were 11 ward committees in Kanpur municipal corporation in 1991.{{Cite web|title=Ward power|url=https://ccs.in/sites/all/books/com_books/ward-power.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|archive-date=25 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225184506/https://ccs.in/sites/all/books/com_books/ward-power.pdf|url-status=dead}} Local elections were last held in 2022, when the mayor, Pramila Pandey from the BJP, was re-elected.{{Cite web|date=29 November 2017|title=Kanpur Municipal Corporation Nagar Nigam elections result 2017: Full List of ward-wise winners|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/kanpur-municipal-corporation-nagar-nigam-elections-result-2017-full-list-ward-wise-winners-2012-this-year/952931/|access-date=20 October 2020|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}} The previous mayor had been Captain (retired) Jagatvir Singh Drona. As of 2006, Kanpur Municipal Council has an elected mayor-in-council system.{{Cite web|title=Kanpur City Development Plan Under JNNURM|url=http://kmc.up.nic.in/PDF_Files/Chapter%2013%20-%20Part1%20Institutional%20frame%20work.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Kanpur Municipal Corporation}}

Kanpur Nagar district encompasses one Lok Sabha constituency and ten Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha constituencies{{Citation not found|date=October 2020}}. The city of Kanpur has one representative member of parliament in Lok Sabha for Kanpur, Satyadev Pachauri.

The first development plan of the city was created by the Kanpur Development Board in 1943. This was followed by the masterplan being designed by the Town and Country Planning Department from 1962 to 1991, which was adopted after the establishment of the Kanpur Development Authority in 1974.{{Cite web|title=RashmiAshttJJT/61009264 Chapter 5: Land use|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/45951/13/13_chapter%205.pdf|website=Shodhganga}} The most recent masterplan is the Draft Master Plan of 2021 .{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / Introduction of Development Area Kanpur|url=http://uptownplanning.gov.in/post/en/introduction-of-development-area-kanpur|access-date=21 October 2020|website=uptownplanning.gov.in|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026083540/http://uptownplanning.gov.in/post/en/introduction-of-development-area-kanpur|url-status=dead}}

Electricity is supplied to the city by Kanpur Electricity Supply Company (KESCO), which is under the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd (UPPCL).{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=UP: State Power Employees Protest Against Privatisation of PuVVNL|url=https://www.newsclick.in/UP-state-power-employees-protest-against-privatisation-PuVVNL|access-date=21 October 2020|website=NewsClick|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. / About UPPCL / Agencies under the Administrative Control|url=https://www.upenergy.in/uppcl/en/page/agencies-under-the-administrative-control|access-date=21 October 2020|website=www.upenergy.in|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024112846/https://www.upenergy.in/uppcl/en/page/agencies-under-the-administrative-control|url-status=dead}} Fire services are under the state, Uttar Pradesh Fire Service.{{Cite web|title=UP Fire Services|url=http://upfireservice.gov.in/upfire/|access-date=21 October 2020|website=upfireservice.gov.in|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919045427/http://upfireservice.gov.in/upfire/|url-status=dead}}

Water supply, sewerage is done by the Jal Kal vibhag of KMC.{{Cite web|title=Jal Kal|url=http://jalkalkanpur.in/AboutUs|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Jal Kal}} Infrastructure development and maintenance is done by the state's body, UP Jal Nigam.{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Jal Nigam, Uttar Pradesh {{!}} About Department {{!}} About Jal Nigam, Uttar Pradesh|url=http://jn.upsdc.gov.in/page/en/about-jal-nigam,-uttar-pradesh|access-date=21 October 2020|website=jn.upsdc.gov.in|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025163004/http://jn.upsdc.gov.in/page/en/about-jal-nigam,-uttar-pradesh|url-status=dead}} The piped water supply of Kanpur City was started in 1892.{{Cite web|title=Kanpur City Development Plan|url=http://www.rcueslucknow.org/jnnurm/Kanpur/9%20Chapter%209%20Municipal%20Services.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Rcues Lucknow}} After construction of Ganga Barrage on the river, a permanent and reliable source for the water supply got available to provide 1600 mld raw water. The city also receives water from the catchment areas of rivers Ganga and Pandu. However, while the total water supply requirement is 600 mld only 385 mld of potable water is being supplied. The city loses water due to leaky pipes and contamination of natural water sources. There is a severe water crisis in Kanpur.{{Cite web|date=4 September 2020|title=The water crisis is another alarm bell|url=https://www.avenuemail.in/opinion/the-water-crisis-is-another-alarm-bell/152016/|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Avenue Mail|language=en-US|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023033525/https://www.avenuemail.in/opinion/the-water-crisis-is-another-alarm-bell/152016/|url-status=dead}}

In 2015, Ganga Pollution Control Unit in Kanpur got about Rs 200 crores to make 4 STPs functional.{{Cite web |first1=Neha |last1=Shukla |agency=TNN |date=21 September 2015 |title=New sewage treatment plants on Ganga in Kanpur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/New-sewage-treatment-plants-on-Ganga-in-Kanpur/articleshow/49043905.cms|access-date=21 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}} The city then reported having 3 STPs for domestic waste. In 2017, there was only one sewage treatment plant for waste from tanneries, biggest source of industrial pollution to the Ganga, was to be replaced by a newer one costing 400 cr as the old one could only treat 9 MLD at the most. 823.1 MLD of untreated sewage and 212.42 MLD of industrial effluent flow into the river.{{Cite news|last=Koshy|first=Jacob|date=15 December 2017|title=New ₹400-cr effluent treatment plant to come up in Kanpur|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-400-cr-effluent-treatment-plant-to-come-up-in-kanpur/article21713861.ece|access-date=21 October 2020|issn=0971-751X}} In 2019, another STP costing worth Rs 816.25 was to be set up.{{Cite web|title=Sewage treatment plant worth Rs 816.25 cr to come up in Kanpur|url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/Sewage-treatment-plant-worth-Rs-81625-cr-to-come-up-in-Kanpur|access-date=21 October 2020|website=www.projectstoday.com}} As of 2020, While the government has stopped pollution from Kanpur's biggest drain, Sishamau, of Kanpur's 48 drains, eight still have no devices to stop effluents.{{Cite web|date=19 August 2020|title=New Ganga law will define cleanliness levels, make polluters pay|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/modi-govt-to-bring-new-law-to-keep-ganga-clean/story-XT0sNAofJAyBiUcF6STg8L.html|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}

Solid waste management is handled by the KMC.{{Cite web|title=Workshop organised by CSE and Govt. of UP|url=http://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/kanpur_municipal_corporation.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Centre for Science and Environment}} As of 2015, Kanpur generates 1,500 tonnes of solid wastes from domestic and industrial sources, 64,000 tonnes of hazardous waste annually which includes metals and waste generated by tanneries, dye industries and chemical industries; while coal ash produced in Kanpur amounts to 71,000 tonnes per annum.{{Cite web|title=A miserable place to live|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/a-miserable-place-to-live-10170|access-date=21 October 2020|website=www.downtoearth.org.in|date=30 September 2005 |language=en}}{{Clear}}

Image:Kanpur Central Station.jpg]]

File:Kanpur Airport 2.jpg]]

Image:IIT Kanpur metro station.jpg]]

File:Kanpur Airport 3.jpg

Kanpur Airport is a domestic airport and has direct scheduled commercial non-stop flights to New Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. The nearest international airport to the city is the Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow, which is around {{convert|77.1|km|mi}} away.

Indian Railways: Kanpur Central is a major railhead and is among the busiest railway stations in the country. Rail routes connect it to all major cities in the state and the country. It is an A-1 category railway station that comes under the Prayagraj railway division of North Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. Around 300 trains pass through it daily.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Around-300-trains-pass-through-Kanpur-Central-daily/articleshow/6884554.cms|title=Around 300 trains pass through Kanpur Central daily|work=The Times of India|date=7 November 2010|access-date=15 April 2018|author=TN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617134415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Around-300-trains-pass-through-Kanpur-Central-daily/articleshow/6884554.cms|archive-date=17 June 2018|url-status=live}} The city of Kanpur has eleven railway stations in addition to the main Kanpur Central:

Metro: The Kanpur Metro is a mass rapid transit system in Kanpur. The metro is owned and operated by the Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC). It consists of two lines- Orange Line and Blue Line. The priority corridor of the Orange Line, which connects IIT Kanpur to Motijheel, was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 28 December 2021.{{Cite web|date=2021-12-28|title=PM Modi takes Metro ride in Kanpur after inauguration of first section {{!}} Watch|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/news/pm-modi-takes-metro-ride-in-kanpur-after-inauguration-of-first-section-watch-101640707860618.html|access-date=2021-12-28|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}

The city has the historically important Grand Trunk Road which serves as the lifeline of the city. There are several important national highways and expressways that pass through and adround Kanpur.

The UPSRTC inter state bus station (ISBT) of Kanpur is officially named as the "Shaheed Major Salman Khan bus station", and is locally known as the "Jhakarkati Bus Station". It provides buses to many important cities of India.{{cite web |url=http://www.upsrtc.com/amenities.htm |title=UPSRTC |publisher=UPSRTC |access-date=19 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128084712/http://www.upsrtc.com/amenities.htm |archive-date=28 January 2013 }} Other important bus stations are the Chunniganj bus stand for Farrukhabad, Bareilly and Uttarakhand routes, and the Naubasta bus stand for Hamirpur route. Fazalganj is another hub for private carriers.

Ring road: In 2011, it was reported by The Indian Express that the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) planned to develop a four-lane outer ring road along the periphery of Kanpur with an aim to prevent traffic congestion in the city caused by long-distance heavy vehicles. The new road, which would help heavy vehicles to bypass the city, would be developed on Built, Operate and Transfer (BOT) basis under the phase-VII of National Highways Development Programme (NHDP).{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/kanpur-to-get-outer-ring-road-to-bypass-traf/739887/ |title=Kanpur to get outer ring road to bypass traffic blues |date=20 January 2011 |publisher=Indianepress.com |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303231012/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/kanpur-to-get-outer-ring-road-to-bypass-traf/739887/ |archive-date=3 March 2011 |url-status=live}}

{{Expand section|date=January 2024}}

Kanpur is an important economic and industrial center in India.

Kanpur is an important economic center in India with a GDP of ~$9Bn.{{Cite web |title=Invest UP Kanpur |url=https://invest.up.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Kanpur_250924.pdf }} There was a time when Kanpur was very prosperous but over time it lagged behind other big cities due to continuous negligence from both the Central and State government, as they were diverting funds to other cities, which hampered its growth.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} According to GDP per capita, it ranks 9th in Uttar Pradesh.

Noida and Meerut rank 1st and 2nd notably.{{Cite web |last=Statistical Diary |first=Uttar Pradesh |title=Uttar Pradesh Statistical Diary |url=https://updes.up.nic.in/esd/reports/dbank_march21/Diary%202020(English).pdf}} While the state capital Lucknow ranks 7th in the state in GDP per capita.

{{see also|List of educational institutions in Kanpur}}

File:IIT Kanpur.jpg

The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur) is a public technical and research university located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 1959 as one of the first Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), with the assistance of a consortium of nine US research universities as part of the Kanpur Indo-American Programme (KIAP).Norman Dahl: Kanpur Indo-American Program; http://csg.csail.mit.edu/Dahl/kiapbooklet.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812034015/http://csg.csail.mit.edu/Dahl/kiapbooklet.pdf |date=12 August 2011 }}Financial Statements and Performance Indicators. Jump up ^ Kelkar, P.K. (17 March 2006). "IIT Kanpur — History". IIT Kanpur

Image:CSJM University.jpg

Other educational institutions in the city include three state universities. Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University is one of the largest universities in northern India catering to urban and rural students offering professional and academic courses in the disciplines of Arts, Science, Commerce, Law, Engineering, Biotechnology, Computer Applications, Management and Medicine.

Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology is an agricultural university named after the Indian revolutionary Chandrashekhar Azad which caters to the needs of the farming community of 29 districts of Uttar Pradesh.

Harcourt Butler Technical University (HBTU) offers Bachelors, Masters, and Doctoral programs in engineering, as well as Masters programs in Business Administration, and Computer Applications. Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped, an institution to provide technical education to specially-abled students inaugurated by former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1997, is also situated in Kanpur.

National Sugar Institute (NSI) is involved in research, training and advisory services to the sugar and allied industry, and functions under the Department of Food and Public Distribution of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.

There are also private universities in the city such as Rama University, which is part of the Rama Group.Private University Uttar Pradesh; http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=33&Unitype=3 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907080541/http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=33&Unitype=3 |date=7 September 2017 }} There are several private technical and management institutions in the city such as Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, which is affiliated by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University.

Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College (GSVM Medical College) is a state-run medical college in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. It was founded in 1956 and named after Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, a freedom fighter and journalist from Kanpur. Lala Lajpat Rai Hospital, which is also known as Hallet Hospital, is associated with GSVM, Kanpur.

Lala Lajpat Rai Hospital in Kanpur is commonly known as "Hallet" because of its origins. It was initially established during the British colonial period and named after a British civil surgeon, Dr. George Henry Hallet, who served in the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) and contributed to the field of public health. Although the hospital was later renamed to honor Lala Lajpat Rai, a prominent Indian freedom fighter, the original name, "Hallet," continued to be widely used by locals.

The hospital, along with Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College, is still known colloquially as "Hallet Hospital," a testament to its historical roots and Dr. Hallet's influence during the colonial era.

{{Main|List of people from Kanpur}}

• Lala Kamlapat Singhania, industrialist
• Padampat Singhania, industrialist
• Kuldeep Yadav, cricketer
• Harish-Chandra, mathematician
• Giriraj Kishore, novelist
• Irshad Mirza, industrialist
• Gaurav Khanna, actor
• Rajeev Shukla, political commentator and former journalist
• Kamal Nath, politician
• Tanmay Srivastava

• Akbarpur Lok Sabha constituency
• List of cities in Uttar Pradesh
• List of engineering colleges in Kanpur
• Renamed places in Kanpur
• List of twin towns and sister cities in India
• Second Battle of Cawnpore
• Largest Indian cities by GDP

{{reflist}}

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{{EB1911 poster|Cawnpore}}

{{Wikivoyage}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193735/http://kmc.up.nic.in/ Kanpur city portal]

{{Geographic location

|Northwest = GT Amusement Park Town (GTAPT)

|North = Gangotri Township

|Northeast = Shuklaganj

|West = New Kanpur City

|Center = Kanpur City

|South = Fazalganj

|Southwest = Rawatpur, shivrajpur, bilhaur, kannuj

|Southeast = Govind Nagar

|East = Kanpur Cantonment

|}}

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