Khir Toyo
{{short description|Malaysian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}
{{Malay name|note=on|Mohamad Khir|Toyo}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Dr.
| name = Khir Toyo
| native_name = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|محمد خير تويو}}}}
| image = Dr Khir Toyo.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| order = 13th
| office = Menteri Besar of Selangor
| term_start = 18 August 2000
| term_end = 8 March 2008
| monarch = Salahuddin
Sharafuddin
| predecessor = Abu Hassan Omar
| successor = Abdul Khalid Ibrahim
| constituency = Sungai Panjang
| order1 = Leader of the Opposition of Selangor
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Menteri Besar}}
| 1namedata1 = Abdul Khalid Ibrahim
| term_start1 = 8 March 2008
| term_end1 = 6 December 2010
| predecessor1 = Teng Chang Khim
| successor1 = Mohamad Satim Diman
| constituency_AM2 = Sungai Panjang
| assembly2 = Selangor State Legislative
| term_start2 = 29 November 1999
| term_end2 = 5 May 2013
| predecessor2 = Mohd Pauzi Abdul Murad
(BN—UMNO)
| successor2 = Budiman Mohd Zohdi
(BN—UMNO)
| majority2 = 165 (1999)
5,460 (2004)
5,828 (2008)
| birth_name = Mohamad Khir bin Toyo
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|8|6|df=y}}
| birth_place = Tanjung Karang, Selangor, Malaysia
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship = Malaysian
| spouse = {{Unbulleted list
|{{marriage|Zahrah Kechik|1990|19.9.2022|end=divorced.}}
|{{marriage|Christine Zanitrah Abdullah|2016|}}
}}
| children = 4 Sons and 3 Daughter’s
| party = United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
| otherparty = Barisan Nasional (BN)
| occupation = Politician, dentist
| alma_mater = University of Malaya (BDS)
| website = {{url|http://www.drkhir.com/}}
}}
Mohamad Khir bin Toyo ({{langx|ms-Arab|محمد خير تويو|label=Jawi}}, {{IPA|ms|khir}}; born 6 August 1965) is the former Chief Minister of the state of Selangor in Malaysia from 2000 to 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.selangor.gov.my/main.php?Content=vertsectiondetails&VsItemID=172&VertSectionID=5&CurLocation=44&Page=1 |title=Sejarah Menteri Besar : MANTAN DATO' MENTERI BESAR SELANGOR|year=2008 |publisher=Laman Web Rasmi Kerajaan Negeri Selangor |language=ms |accessdate=1 January 2010 |location=Selangor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604140503/http://www.selangor.gov.my/main.php?Content=vertsectiondetails&VsItemID=172&VertSectionID=5&CurLocation=44&Page=1 |archive-date=4 June 2011 |df=dmy }} His Barisan Nasional (BN) government was defeated in the 2008 general election, following which he served as the state's Opposition Leader until December 2010. He was a member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) from 1999 to 2013, for the seat of Sungai Panjang. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition
Personal life
Mohamad Khir bin Toyo was born on 6 August 1965 in Tali Air 2, Batu 4, Sungai Burung, Tanjung Karang, Selangor. He is the fifth of nine siblings. His father, Toyo Erodikromo, was an immigrant from Java, Indonesia, while his mother, Siti Aminah binti Mohd Taib, is of Malay descent.{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/bm/printable.php?id=150762|title=Bapa MB Selangor Meninggal Dunia|website=Bernama|accessdate=30 May 2018|language=ms}}{{cite web|url=http://pemantau.tripod.com/artikel/25Aug-ciliapi141.html|title=Antara Pungut Sampah Dengan Mandi Darah|website=Pemantau|accessdate=30 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905230533/http://pemantau.tripod.com/artikel/25Aug-ciliapi141.html|archive-date=5 September 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}{{cite web|url=http://www.dapmalaysia.org/english/2006/dec06/lge/lge525.htm|title=Only Bangsa Malaysia can unite Malaysians to take on the world|website=Dapmalaysia.org|accessdate=30 May 2018 |language=en}}
Khir married Zahrah Kechik in 1990; the couple divorced on 19 September 2022.{{cite news |last=Zainal |first=Rizal |date=20 April 2023 |title=Khir Toyo sah bercerai, bekas isteri dedah kisah sebenar di Facebook |url=https://majoriti.com.my/berita/2023/04/20/khir-toyo-sah-bercerai-bekas-isteri-dedah-kisah-sebenar-di-facebook |work=Majoriti |language=ms }} In 2016, he married Christine Zanitrah Abdullah, with whom he has one son, born in 2019.{{cite news |url=http://www.kakishare.my/2016/08/dr-khir-toyo-kahwin-buat-kali-kedua.html |title=Khir Toyo Kahwin Buat Kali Kedua |work=(Gambar) |language=ms |date=31 August 2016 |publisher=Kaki Share |accessdate=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901081806/http://www.kakishare.my/2016/08/dr-khir-toyo-kahwin-buat-kali-kedua.html |archive-date=1 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}
Before his involvement in politics, Khir was trained as a dentist.{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2002/11/18/nation/wcmentri&sec=nation |title=Dr Khir: MB with a point to prove |last=Wong Chun Wai |date=18 November 2002 |work=The Star|accessdate=6 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622074300/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2002%2F11%2F18%2Fnation%2Fwcmentri&sec=nation |archive-date=22 June 2011|language=en}}
Career
Khir was active in the youth wing of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), serving on its executive council. In 2000, at the age of 35, he became the Menteri Besar of Selangor at the insistence of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, following the resignation of Abu Hassan Omar.{{cite news|url=http://www.mysinchew.com/node/29264|title=MACC hauls up Khir Toyo over Mickey Mouse, Bali house|date=15 September 2009|work=mysinchew.com|accessdate=6 December 2010}} His appointment as Menteri Besar came in his first term as a member of the Selangor State Assembly, having been elected as the member for Sungai Panjang in the 1999 election. His young age led to allegations, which he denied, that he had dyed his hair grey to give voters the impression that he was older.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3540315.stm|title=Malaysia politician denies dyed-on gravitas|last=Kent|first=Jonathan|date=7 March 2004|work=BBC News|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=7 December 2010}}
Khir subsequently served as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council and Chairman of Selangor Barisan Nasional from 2000 to 2008. In 2004, Dr. Mohamad Khir won UMNO Supreme Council with the highest votes. Other positions that he holds in UMNO include the Chairman of the Selangor UMNO Communications Board and UMNO Division Head of Sungai Besar. Khir contested for the UMO Youth Chief post in 2008, but eventually placed second in votes after Mukhriz Mahathir and lost the election to Khairy Jamaluddin.
He was the Menteri Besar of Selangor until the 12th General Election in March 2008. The state of Selangor fell to opposition hands following its worst defeat in Malaysian history. He was succeeded by Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) secretary-general, Abdul Khalid Ibrahim. However, he remains the state assemblyman of Sungai Panjang constituency and became Selangor opposition chief. After the election, he ran for the leadership of UMNO Youth, but was defeated by Khairy Jamaluddin.{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/SE+Asia/Story/STIStory_354755.html|title=Khairy is Umno Youth head|last=Hong|first=Carolyn|date=26 March 2009|work=The Straits Times|accessdate=7 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328112623/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/SE+Asia/Story/STIStory_354755.html|archive-date=28 March 2009|url-status=dead}} He resigned as the opposition leader in December 2010, after he was charged with corruption over allegations that while he was the Menteri Besar, he was sold a lavish mansion for less than its market value.{{cite news|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20101206-251079.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209082937/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20101206-251079.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2010|title=Top Malaysian politician charged with graft over mansion|date=6 December 2010|work=asiaone|accessdate=6 December 2010}}{{cite news|url=http://www.mmail.com.my/content/57000-khir-toyo-drops-opposition-leader-post |title=Khir Toyo drops Opposition leader post |date=6 December 2010 |work=Bernama |accessdate=6 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208185323/http://www.mmail.com.my/content/57000-khir-toyo-drops-opposition-leader-post |archive-date= 8 December 2010 }}
Khir Toyo was finally sentenced to a jail term of 12 months for this act and his properties was ordered to be confiscated.{{cite news |title=Khir Toyo gets 12 months, properties to be confiscated |url= http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/12/24/khir-toyo-gets-12-months-properties-to-be-confiscated/|newspaper= The Borneo Post |date= 24 December 2011|accessdate=29 August 2012}}
Khir Toyo's award of 'Darjah Kebesaran Seri Paduka Mahkota Selangor (SPMS) Kelas Pertama' with the title Dato' Seri which was conferred on him on 2001 was revoked by the Sultan of Selangor on 30 September 2015 after his conviction of corrupt practices was upheld by the Federal Court.{{cite news |title=Khir Toyo's datukship revoked|author= Mazlinda Mahmood|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/khir-toyos-datukship-revoked|newspaper= New Straits Times |date=October 23, 2015|accessdate=October 23, 2015}}
= Candidacy for Sungai Besar =
On 29 May 2022, Khir Toyo expressed his intention to contest in the upcoming Malaysian general election for the Sungai Besar parliamentary seat under Barisan Nasional (BN) and United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He stated that his goal was to assist his party in reclaiming the seat, which had been won by Pakatan Harapan (PH) and later held by the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) following the 2018 Malaysian general election. However, he acknowledged that the final decision on his candidacy rested with the leadership of BN and UMNO, which was also considering Minister of Finance Tengku Zafrul Aziz as a potential candidate.{{cite news |title=Khir Toyo says wants to contest Sungai Besar parliamentary seat in GE15 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/05/29/khir-toyo-says-wants-to-contest-sungai-besar-parliamentary-seat-in-ge15 |website=The Star |date=29 May 2022 |access-date=18 March 2025 |language=en}}
On 28 September 2022, he reiterated his readiness to return to politics by contesting the seat, which was then held by Muslimin Yahaya of BERSATU and the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. Muslimin was also serving as the Deputy Minister of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperatives. Khir Toyo claimed that he had been actively engaging with the constituency for the past three years and intended to continue serving the community regardless of his candidacy status. He also remarked that his reception at local events indicated support for his potential candidacy. Additionally, he stated that BN needed a distinct manifesto to appeal to voters in the state, given its unique demographic and economic conditions.{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/09/28/dr-khir-to-make-political-comeback-eyes-sg-besar-seat|title=Dr Khir to make political comeback, eyes Sg Besar seat|website=The Star|date=28 September 2022|access-date=29 September 2022 |language=en}}
Despite his interest in contesting, the BN leadership nominated Sungai Besar UMNO Division Chief Jamal Yunos as the candidate. In the general election, Muslimin Yahaya of PN successfully defended the seat and was re-elected as the Sungai Besar MP for a second term.
Controversies and criticism
=Zero Illegal Squatters Mission=
It was a mission set by Khir Toyo himself to make Selangor 'zero squatters'{{cite web|url=http://parti-sosialis.org/current/KHIR+TOYO+OVERRULES+PAK+LAH.htm|title=admin – Bitcoins und Ethereum – parti-sosialis.org|website=parti-sosialis.org|accessdate=30 May 2018}} in line with national policy Wawasan 2020. The opposition criticised Khir Toyo for approving housing project in squatters' area and forcing the residents to move out from their illegal homes. They claimed some of the village claim to be illegal homes had been built before independence in 1957 and most squatters living in a prime area are left homeless and received low compensation. The majority of the squatters are forced to rent or live in low-cost flats.{{Cite web |url=http://www.bolehland.com/?cat=18 |title=Bolehland » Urban Poor |access-date=10 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521010051/http://www.bolehland.com/?cat=18 |archive-date=21 May 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}
However report show most of the land is under private owner. "The (squatters) are occupying other people's land. The land will never be theirs as they are private land. They want the land but I can't give it to them" – Dr. Khir Toyo{{Cite web |url=http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/news.php?id=250182 |title=:: Selangor Negeri Maju :: |access-date=27 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823010932/http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/news.php?id=250182 |archive-date=23 August 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}
Despite heavy criticism from opposition before this, the new Menteri Besar from opposition party, Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim reported said the effort to reduce the number of squatters and to free them from the clutches of poverty, should continue.{{Cite web |url=http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/newsbm.php?id=323357%E2%8C%A9=en&vo=28 |title=:: Selangor Negeri Maju :: |access-date=27 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814080731/http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/newsbm.php?id=323357%E2%8C%A9=en&vo=28 |archive-date=14 August 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}
In 2007, The state government had achieved 93.6 per cent success in addressing the squatter problem, having evicted 44,701 of the 47,756 squatter families to-date from all the local council areas in the state. The remaining squatters to be moved by August are 1,090 families from the Selayang Municipal Council (MPS) and 257 families from the Klang Municipal Council (MPK), the media secretariat in the Menteri Besar's Office said in a statement. A total of 1,708 squatter families were shifted following court cases, resettled to the North Gombak Orang Asli settlement and planned villages, it said. However, four local authorities still had squatters. They are MPS (984), MPK (221), Shah Alam City Council (307) and Ampang Jaya Municipal Council (196).{{Cite web |url=http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/newsbm.php?id=271385%E2%8C%A9%3Den%2F |title=:: Selangor Negeri Maju :: |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823012028/http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/newsbm.php?id=271385%E2%8C%A9%3Den%2F |archive-date=23 August 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}
=Bukit Cahaya Reserve=
Khir Toyo had been accused of corruption (classic UMNO-style) for approving a construction project which trespasses Bukit Cahaya Seri Alam in Shah Alam, a forest reserve.[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123658/http://bpms.kempen.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5308] However this land was approved before Khir took over power.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} To prove his innocence, Khir had asked Anti-Corruption Agency of Malaysia to investigate the incident.[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123658/http://bpms.kempen.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5308]. In 2004, Anti-Corruption Agency declared no case against Khir Toyo.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}
=Selangor State Development Corporation=
On 30 October, the current State government of Selangor began investigations into irregularities by the Selangor State Development Corporation when it was run by Khir Toyo. A special investigative team which was set up for the purpose would probe how certain senior officers of the corporation were holding 30% shares in a subsidiary. This included an investigation of RM100,000 gift to former Menteri Besar as a bonus. In 2007, the state government only collected RM17mil revenue from sand mining instead of the RM170mil which it was supposed to get.{{Cite web |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F10%2F30%2Fnation%2F2407153&sec=nation |title=Selangor probing past 'irregularities' |work=The Star Online |access-date=14 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814200402/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F10%2F30%2Fnation%2F2407153&sec=nation |archive-date=14 August 2009 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesundaily.com/article.cfm?id=26812 |title=TheSun |access-date=30 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813232157/http://www.thesundaily.com/article.cfm?id=26812 |archive-date=13 August 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}
Election results
| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+ Selangor State Legislative Assembly{{cite web|url=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php |title=Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri |publisher=Election Commission of Malaysia |language=ms |accessdate=7 December 2010 }} Percentage figures based on total turnout.{{Cite web | title = Malaysia General Election | work = undiinfo Malaysian Election Data | publisher = Malaysiakini | url = http://undi.info/# | accessdate = 4 February 2017}} Results only available from the 2004 election. !|Year !|Constituency !colspan=2|Candidate !|Votes !|Pct !colspan=2|Opponent(s) !|Votes !|Pct !|Ballots cast !|Majority !|Turnout |
| 1999
|N04 Sungai Panjang |{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |{{nowrap|Mohamed Khir Toyo}} (UMNO) |align="right" |4,243 |49.21% |{{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Fadzlin Taslimin (PAS) |align="right" |4,078 |47.30% |8,622 |165 |71.77% |
| 2004
|rowspan=2|N03 Sungai Panjang |{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |{{nowrap|Mohamed Khir Toyo}} (UMNO) |align="right" |9,700 |67.98% |{{Party shading/PAS}} | |Saibini Ismail (PAS) |align="right" |4,240 |29.71% |14,269 |5,460 |79.04% |
| 2008
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |{{nowrap|Mohamed Khir Toyo}} (UMNO) |align="right" |11,181 |66.14% |{{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Fadzlin Taslimin (PAS) |align="right" |5,353 |31.66% |16,906 |5,828 |82.47% |
Honours
= Honours of Malaysia =
- {{Flag|Selangor}} :
- {{strikethrough|50px Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (SPMS) – Dato' Seri}} (2001,{{cite web|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/penerima/warta/maklumat-penerima/2001s.p.m.s.khir|title=SPMS 2001|website=awards.selangor.gov.my}} revoked on 30 September 2015){{cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/khir-toyos-datukship-revoked|title=Khir Toyo's datukship revoked|author=Mazlinda Mahmood|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=23 October 2015|accessdate=23 October 2015}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commonscat|Mohamed Khir Toyo}}
- [http://www.drkhir.com Khir Toyo's official blog]
- [http://www.pembangkangselangor.com The official blog of Selangor opposition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227023405/http://www.pembangkangselangor.com/ |date=27 February 2009 }}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=Abu Hassan Haji Omar}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chief Minister of Selangor|years=2000–2008}}
{{s-aft|after=Abdul Khalid Ibrahim}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Chief ministers of Selangor
Category:Malaysian politicians of Malay descent
Category:Malaysian people of Javanese descent
Category:Malaysian politicians convicted of corruption
Category:United Malays National Organisation politicians
Category:Members of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly
Category:Selangor state executive councillors