Konotop

The word konotop denotes a place where horses drowned, that is, any swampy, impassable place.Янко Микола Тимофійович. Топонімічний словник України: словник-довідник / М. Т. Янко; Міжнар. фонд «Відродження». — Київ: Знання, 1998. — С. 186 The word itself comes from "horses stomp", which was transformed into a noun with the help of the word-forming method of baseline.Мурзаєв Е. М. К // Словарь народных географических терминов : [рос.]. — М. : Мысль, 1984. — 656 с. — 50 000 екз. Konotop is a common Slavic toponym; settlements with this name exist not only in Ukraine, but also in Poland, Belarus and Russia. In several dialects of Ukrainian, the konotop also refers to the herbaceous plant, common knotweed.

Some historians believe that Konotop as a settlement existed even before the Mongol-Tatar invasion. According to legend, during the passage of the Tatar cavalry in the area, many horses and riders died in impassable swamps, leading to the area being called konotop — a swampy place where horses drowned.Коното́п // Кругляк Ю. М. Ім'я вашого міста : Походження назв міст і селищ міського типу Української РСР. — К. : Наукова думка, 1978. — 152 с.

The city is located in northeastern Ukraine within the Dnieper Lowland on the border of Polesia and the forest-steppe and on both banks of the {{ill|Yezuch River|uk|Єзуч}}, which flows into the Seim River 12km north of the city. The Lypka River also flows through the city and the {{ill|Kukolka River|uk|Куколка (річка)}} flows nearby. There are several large dams on the rivers. The area of the city is 43.78 km².

Konotop belongs to the North Poltava highland region of the Left Bank-Dnieper forest-steppe province within Ukraine's forest-steppe zone.Фізико-географічне районування України. Архів оригіналу за 29 березня 2019. Процитовано 22 жовтня 2019. Geostructurally, Konotop is located on the northeastern slope of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression. The surface is a lowland loess plain which is flat, gently undulating, and dissected by passage valleys, ravines, and gullies. It is composed mainly of the Dnieper moraine, water-glacial sandy-loamy formations.Географіка. Фізико-географічні області лісостепової зони. Ч.3. http://geografica.net.ua/. Архів оригіналу за 10 квітня 2019. Процитовано 18 жовтня 2019. Forest-steppe pine landscapes and upland landscapes prevail in combination with meadow-steppe lowlands. Paleogene rocks are represented by sands, sandstones and marls. The cadastral score of the local soil is, on average, 64 points.

Konotop administratively borders {{ill|Sadove Village|uk|Садове (Конотопський район)}} in the northwest, with the village of Raky in the northeast, with the villages of Pidlypne and Pryvokzalne in the south, with the village of Popivka in the west.

Konotop has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Sitting in the mid latitudes, it's continental with moderate precipitation. More continental climates at the same latitude – such as Regina, Saskatchewan in Canada – have much colder winters than Konotop, suggesting that there is still significant moderation from the Atlantic Ocean.

{{Weather box

| location = Konotop (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)

| metric first = y

| single line = Yes

| width = auto

| Jan record high C = 10.4

| Feb record high C = 14.0

| Mar record high C = 22.5

| Apr record high C = 29.9

| May record high C = 33.1

| Jun record high C = 35.8

| Jul record high C = 35.9

| Aug record high C = 39.0

| Sep record high C = 35.0

| Oct record high C = 27.2

| Nov record high C = 18.0

| Dec record high C = 12.6

| year record high C = 39.0

| Jan high C = -2.1

| Feb high C = -0.9

| Mar high C = 5.0

| Apr high C = 14.3

| May high C = 21.0

| Jun high C = 24.4

| Jul high C = 26.4

| Aug high C = 25.7

| Sep high C = 19.4

| Oct high C = 12.0

| Nov high C = 4.0

| Dec high C = -0.8

| year high C = 12.4

| Jan mean C = -4.5

| Feb mean C = -3.8

| Mar mean C = 1.1

| Apr mean C = 9.1

| May mean C = 15.3

| Jun mean C = 19.0

| Jul mean C = 20.7

| Aug mean C = 19.6

| Sep mean C = 13.9

| Oct mean C = 7.5

| Nov mean C = 1.5

| Dec mean C = -2.9

| year mean C = 8.0

| Jan low C = -6.9

| Feb low C = -6.6

| Mar low C = -2.4

| Apr low C = 4.3

| May low C = 9.7

| Jun low C = 13.7

| Jul low C = 15.4

| Aug low C = 13.9

| Sep low C = 9.0

| Oct low C = 3.8

| Nov low C = -0.8

| Dec low C = -5.1

| year low C = 4.0

| Jan record low C = -32.9

| Feb record low C = -32.2

| Mar record low C = -26.1

| Apr record low C = -12.2

| May record low C = -3.7

| Jun record low C = 2.8

| Jul record low C = 6.1

| Aug record low C = 3.8

| Sep record low C = -4.1

| Oct record low C = -9.2

| Nov record low C = -22.8

| Dec record low C = -28.9

| year record low C = -32.9

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 46

| Feb precipitation mm = 37

| Mar precipitation mm = 37

| Apr precipitation mm = 37

| May precipitation mm = 59

| Jun precipitation mm = 58

| Jul precipitation mm = 71

| Aug precipitation mm = 48

| Sep precipitation mm = 47

| Oct precipitation mm = 44

| Nov precipitation mm = 42

| Dec precipitation mm = 45

| year precipitation mm = 571

| Jan snow depth cm = 10

| Feb snow depth cm = 13

| Mar snow depth cm = 8

| Apr snow depth cm = 0

| May snow depth cm = 0

| Jun snow depth cm = 0

| Jul snow depth cm = 0

| Aug snow depth cm = 0

| Sep snow depth cm = 0

| Oct snow depth cm = 0

| Nov snow depth cm = 2

| Dec snow depth cm = 6

| year snow depth cm = 13

| Jan humidity = 84.4

| Feb humidity = 82.0

| Mar humidity = 77.0

| Apr humidity = 67.2

| May humidity = 64.1

| Jun humidity = 69.2

| Jul humidity = 70.8

| Aug humidity = 70.6

| Sep humidity = 76.9

| Oct humidity = 80.6

| Nov humidity = 86.3

| Dec humidity = 86.3

| year humidity = 76.3

| Jan rain days = 8

| Feb rain days = 8

| Mar rain days = 8

| Apr rain days = 12

| May rain days = 13

| Jun rain days = 15

| Jul rain days = 14

| Aug rain days = 11

| Sep rain days = 14

| Oct rain days = 13

| Nov rain days = 13

| Dec rain days = 10

| year rain days = 139

| Jan snow days = 19

| Feb snow days = 17

| Mar snow days = 11

| Apr snow days = 2

| May snow days = 0.1

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0.1

| Oct snow days = 2

| Nov snow days = 10

| Dec snow days = 18

| year snow days = 79

| Jan sun = 42.5

| Feb sun = 69.1

| Mar sun = 139.9

| Apr sun = 190.6

| May sun = 283.2

| Jun sun = 272.6

| Jul sun = 288.8

| Aug sun = 267.1

| Sep sun = 170.0

| Oct sun = 110.1

| Nov sun = 40.6

| Dec sun = 30.5

| year sun = 1905.0

| source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191214004202/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33261.htm

| archive-date = 14 December 2019

| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33261.htm

| title = Климат Конотопа (Climate of Konotop)

| publisher = Погода и климат (Weather and Climate)

| language = ru

| access-date = 8 November 2021}}

| source 2 = World Meteorological Organization (humidity and sun 1981–2010){{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls

| archive-date = 17 July 2021

| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010

| publisher = World Meteorological Organization

| access-date = 17 July 2021}}

}}

In the beginning of the 17th century, Cossacks were first based in the area. The settlement was first mentioned in 1634 in various documents as Novoselytsia. In 1642 a Polish fortress was built in the area, named after the river Konotopka. It is likely that the river disappeared before another one, Yezuch, was formed. The fortification became a key point in the struggle against Muscovy.

Another hypothesis is that the name of the city originated from the name of the ancient Warmian knyaz (князь) Christopher of Kononowitz of the noble Polish-Belarusian-Lithuanian family Kononowicz-Piłsudski which exists to this day and uses the Polish coat of arms of Radwan.{{Cite web |title=Въ лЂто 6478 [970] - 6494 [986]. Лаврентіївський літопис |url=http://litopys.org.ua/lavrlet/lavr04.htm#l6489}} The name "Konotop" would then mean “the place of Kono(nowitz)” from adjoining the suffix topos (cf. Ancient Greek τόπος) meaning place or location.

In 1659 the Battle of Konotop took place near the city, in which Cossacks led by Ivan Vyhovsky (allied with Poles and Crimean Tatars) defeated Muscovite forces. In 1782 Konotop was granted municipal rights.{{Cite web|url=http://gajl.wielcy.pl/herby_nazwiska.php?lang=pl&herb=Radwan|title=Nazwiska}}

During World War II, Konotop was occupied by the German Army from 3 September 1941 to 6 September 1943. Details of this are recounted in the book The Forgotten Soldier by Guy Sajer. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and the Stalag 310 prisoner-of-war camp in the city.{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=761|title=Gefängnis Konotop|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=2 April 2022|language=de}}{{cite web|url=https://www.pegasusarchive.org/pow/Stalag.htm|title=German Camps|access-date=2 April 2022}}

{{main|Northern front of the Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

On 25 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city was reported to be under siege by Russian forces on their way to Kyiv.{{Cite web|title=Russian Military Moves Towards Ukraine Capital|url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-live-russia-updates-putin-war-summary-biden-zelensky-nato-2-24-22-1682148|access-date=2022-02-25|website=www.newsweek.com|date=24 February 2022|language=en}} Some Ukrainian officials later reportedly claimed that the city had fallen,{{Cite news |last=Ward |first=Alexander |title='Almost not possible' for Ukraine to win without West's help, Ukraine official says |language=en |work=Politico |url=https://politi.co/3LWSyC5 |access-date=2022-02-26 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226175146/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/national-security-daily/2022/02/25/almost-not-possible-for-ukraine-to-win-00011969 |url-status=live }} but according to sources published later, the Russian military failed in its attempt to take Konotop on 25 February. Mayor Artem Seminikhin stated on 2 March that Russian troops who had entered the city had warned him that they would destroy the city by shelling if the residents resisted them.{{Cite web|title=Мер Конотопа: місту поставили ультиматум - за опір накриють артилерією|url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/mer-konotopa-gorodu-postavili-ultimatum-soprotivlenie-1646210756.html|access-date=2022-02-25|author=Valeria Polischuk|work=RBC Ukraine|language=uk}} Russian vehicles deployed outside the city council were surrounded by locals.{{Cite web |title=As Russian invaders demand that Konotop surrender, mayor explicitly defies threats |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3417910-as-russian-invaders-demand-that-konotop-surrender-mayor-explicitly-defies-threats.html |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=2 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231346/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3417910-as-russian-invaders-demand-that-konotop-surrender-mayor-explicitly-defies-threats.html |url-status=live }} Seminikhin asked the residents of the city whether they wanted to fight or surrender; the residents "overwhelmingly" refused to surrender.{{Cite web|title=Мер Конотопа: місту поставили ультиматум – за опір накриють артилерією|url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/mer-konotopa-gorodu-postavili-ultimatum-soprotivlenie-1646210756.html|access-date=25 February 2022|author=Valeria Polischuk|work=RBC Ukraine|language=uk|archive-date=3 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231331/https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/mer-konotopa-gorodu-postavili-ultimatum-soprotivlenie-1646210756.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite news |last1=Khavin |first1=Dmitriy |last2=Botti |first2=David |last3=Tiefenthäler |first3=Ainara |date=2 March 2022 |title=Mayor in Ukraine asks his city's residents whether they wish to fight or surrender. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/world/europe/mayor-russian-troop-grenade.html |access-date=2 March 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303040505/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/world/europe/mayor-russian-troop-grenade.html |url-status=live }} Later in the day, an agreement was reached under which Russian forces accepted not to change the city's government or deploy troops, in return for which the residents would not attack them.{{Cite web|title=Бої на Сумщині – влада Конотопа провела переговори з окупантами після ультиматуму|url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/stali-izvestny-rezultaty-peregovorov-vlastey-1646221123.html|access-date=2022-02-25|author=Natalia Gurkovskaya|work=RBC Ukraine|language=uk}} On 3 April, Ukrainian MP Oleksandr Kachura stated on Twitter that all Russian forces had left Konotop Raion.{{cite tweet|number=1510611259456172040|user=SputnikATO|title=⚡️Конотопский район освобожден от российских оккупантов. Об этом сообщил нардеп Александр Качура.Еще вчера глава…|date=3 April 2022}} On 4 April 2022 Sumy Oblast's Governor Dmytro Zhyvytskyi stated that Russian troops no longer occupied any towns or villages in Sumy Oblast and had mostly withdrawn, while Ukrainian troops were working to push out the remaining units.[https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/russian-troops-no-longer-hold-any-settlements-in-ukraines-sumy-region-says-governor Russian troops no longer hold any settlements in Ukraine's Sumy region, says governor], National Post (4 April 2022)

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, Konotop had a population of 93,365 inhabitants. The ethnic and linguistic population was reported as follows:{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities | title=Національний склад міст }}{{cite web | url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/ | title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України }}

{{bar box|title=Ethnic groups in Konotop|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Ukrainians|dodgerblue|90.05}}

{{bar percent|Russians|purple|8.31}}

{{bar percent|Belarusians|red|0.38}}

{{bar percent|Ashkenazi Jews|black|0.24}}

{{bar percent|Gypsies|black|0.20}}

{{bar percent|others|gray|0.82}}}}

{{bar box|title=Native languages in Konotop|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Ukrainian|dodgerblue|85.9}}

{{bar percent|Russian|purple|13.5}}

{{bar percent|Belarusian|red|0.1}}

{{bar percent|others|gray|0.2}}}}

The main industrial enterprises of the city include the Konotop Casting and Mechanical Plant, the Motordetal Plant, the Konotop Fittings Plant, the Konotop Car Repair Plant, the Aviakon Aircraft Repair Plant, a mechanical plant, a garment factory, a meat processing plant (Konotopmyaso OJSC), a dairy plant, and a bakery plant. Konotop is an important mechanical engineering and food production center.

The city is an important transportation center. Various railroad connections from Konotop include: Moscow–Kyiv, Simferopol–Minsk, Bakhmach–Kyiv, Bryansk–Sumy/Belgorod. Furthermore, Konotop is one of the smallest cities in the country with its own tram system.

• Bernard Meninsky, artist

Konotop Mykolayivs'ka Tserkva 02 Petrovs'kogo 61 (YDS 4541).JPG|St. Nikolas wooden church

Вознесенська церква Конотоп.JPG|Ascension Church

Konotop Sadyba Generala Dragomyrova Golovniy Budynok 01 Dragomyrova 18 (YDS 4528).JPG|Mansion of General Mikhail Dragomirov

Скульптура Коня на вул Бр. Радченків у Конотопі.jpg|Horse statue in the downtown

Konotop Myru 10 01 (YDS 4450).JPG|Old town

Konotop Likarnya Zaliznychnykiv Golovniy Korpus 04 Sadova 98 (YDS 4437).JPG|Konotop Railway Hospital

Buildings in Konotop (5).JPG|School in Konotop

Konotop Shkola 11 Svobody 8 (YDS 4411).JPG|Old school in Konotop

Trams in Konotop (11).JPG|Konotop tram

Вокзал Конотоп 003.jpeg|Railway station

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Konotop}}

• {{in lang|uk}} [http://rada.konotop.org Official website]
• [http://jewua.org/konotop/ JewUa.org] – History of Jewish Community in Konotop

{{Sumy Oblast}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Sumy Oblast

Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine