Login
Login

Lava Formation

{{For|molten rock erupted from volcanoes|Lava}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Lava Formation

| image =

| caption =

| type = Geological formation

| age = Lower Toarcian {{fossilrange|183|179}}{{cite journal |last1=Grigelis |first1=A. |title=Geology of Lithuania (Lietuva). |journal=Geology of the Land and Sea Areas of Northern Europe: A Collection of Short Descriptions of the Geology of Countries and Sea Are as within the Region Covered by the |date=2007 |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=51–55 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269632955 |access-date=4 January 2022}}

| period = Toarcian

| prilithology = Sandstone and clay with a coaly admixture and the inclusion of wood remains.{{cite journal |last1=Šimkevičius |first1=P. |title=Triasas ir jura. |journal=Lietuvos Žemės gelmių raida ir ištekliai. Geologijos ir geografijos institutas, Vilnius |date=2004 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=81–90}}{{cite journal |last1=Paškevičius |first1=J. |title=The geology of the Baltic Republics |journal=Lietuvos geologijos tarnyba, Vilnius |date=1997 |volume=387 |issue=3 |pages=13–78}}

| otherlithology = Shallow, continental basins with sandy-clayey sediments deposited with traces of breaks and weathering. Upper part is dominated by argillaceous sediments. Cemented sandstones with interlayers of kaolinite-hydromica clays.{{cite journal |last1=Zhamoida |first1=V. |last2=Sivkov |first2=V. |last3=Nesterova |first3=E. |title=Mineral resources of the Kaliningrad Region. |journal=In Terrestrial and Inland Water Environment of the Kaliningrad Region |date=2017 |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=13–32|doi=10.1007/698_2017_115 }}

| namedfor = Lava River

| namedby =

| region =

| country = Lithuania, Kaliningrad Oblast

| coordinates =

| unitof = Jotvingiai Group{{cite book |last1=Grigelis |first1=A. |title=Geology of the Soviet Baltic Republics |date=1982 |publisher=Publishing House "Nedra" |location=Leningrad |page=167 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269518462 |access-date=4 January 2022}}

| subunits =

| underlies = Skalviai Group

| overlies = Neringa Formation

| thickness = 45 m {{cite journal |last1=Grigelis |first1=A. |title=Jura |journal=Lietuvos geologija. Grigelis, A. & Kadūnas, V. (Eds.). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, Vilnius |date=1994 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=139–153}}

| extent =

| area =

| map =

| map_caption =

}}

The Lava Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation in Lithuania and Kaliningrad, being either the sister or the same unit as the Ciechocinek Formation.{{cite journal |last1=Grigelis |first1=A. |last2=Monkevich |first2=K. |last3=Vishniakov |first3=I. |title=Sedimentatsiya i paleogeograftya mezozoya v zapadnoy chasti Vostochno-Evropeyskoy platformy (Mesozoic sedimentation and palaeogeography in the western part of the East European Platform) |journal=Nauka I Technika |date=1985 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=1–215}}{{cite journal |last1=Pieñkowski |first1=G. |title=The epicontinental Lower Jurassic of Poland |journal=Polish Geological Institute Special Papers |date=2004 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=1–154 |s2cid=128922070 }} It represents the outcrop of Lower Toarcian layers in the Baltic Syncline and in the Lithuanian-Polish Syneclise (C8-borehole in Gdańsk Bay). It is known by the presence of Miospores and Pollen, as well Plant remains.{{cite book |last1=McCann |first1=T. |title=The Geology of Central Europe. Volume 2: Mesozoic and Cenozoic |date=2008 |publisher=Geological Society of London |location=London |pages=883–922 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259974616 |access-date=4 January 2022}} The formation contains grey, greenish, and dark grey silt and clay with interealatians and lenses of fine-grained sand, pyritic concretions and plant remains (carbonised wood fragments).{{cite journal |last1=Grigelis |first1=A. |last2=Norling |first2=E. |title=Jurassic geology and foraminiferal faunas in the NW part of the East European Plalform: a Lithuanian-Swedish geotraverse study |journal=Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning |date=1999 |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=1–108 |url=https://resource.sgu.se/dokument/publikation/ca/ca89rapport/ca89-rapport.pdf |access-date=15 January 2022}} The Jotvingiai Group Toarcian deposits represent deposits laid down in fresh water and brackish basins, possibly lagoons or coastal plain lakes.{{cite journal |last1=Šimkevičius |first1=P. |last2=Ahlberg |first2=A. |last3=Grigelis |first3=A. |title=Jurassic smectite and kaolinite trends of the East European Platform: implications for palaeobathymetry and palaeoclimate |journal=Terra Nova |date=2003 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=225–229 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00489.x |bibcode=2003TeNov..15..225S |s2cid=129123079 |url=https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/lup/publication/ff27c89d-799d-4356-ac62-4086f60fa044 |access-date=4 January 2022|url-access=subscription }} The Bartoszyce IG 1 of the Ciechocinek Formation shows how at the initial phase of the Toarcian there was a regional transgression in the Baltic Syncline, indicated by greenish-grey mudstones, heteroliths and fine-grained sandstones with abundant plant fossils and plant roots, what indicates a local delta progradation between the Lava and Ciechocinek Fms. Then a great accumulation of miospores (+2500 specimens) indicates a local concentration, likely due to a rapidly decelerating fluvial flow in a delta-fringing lagoon forming a “hydrodynamic trap”, with the wave and currents stopping the miospores to spread to the basin. Latter a marsh system developed with numerous palaeosol levels, being overlayed by brackish-marine embayment deposits that return to lagoon-marsh facies with numerous plant roots (Radicites sp) and palaeosol levels in the uppermost section, ending the succession. Overall the facies show that the local Ciechocinek-Lava system was a sedimentary basin shallow and isolated, surrounded by a flat coastal/delta plain with marshes, delivering abundant spores and Phytoclasts, indicators of proximal landmasses with high availability of wood and other plant material.

This climate at the time of deposition was strongly seasonal, probably with monsoonal periods.{{cite book |last1=Simkevicius |first1=P. |title=Jurassic of the SE Baltic: Lithology and Clay Minerals |date=1998 |publisher=Lithuanian Institute of Geology |location=Vilnius}} Due to the abundant presence of deltaic sediments on the upper part, it is considered to be related to the retry of the sea level. The Lava Formation was deposited on a mostly continental setting, with its upper part, dominated by argillaceous sediments, corresponding to the Ciechocinek Formation. There is a great amount of kaolinite content, being present laterally in the basin, decreasing and lifting space to increasing smectite to the south-west of the formation. On the other hand, there is a great amount of coarsest sediments, which consist mostly of sands.{{cite journal |last1=Grigelis |first1=Algimantas |title=Lithostratigraphy of the Jurassic in Lithuania: Lower and Middle Jurassic |journal=Geologija |date=1994 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=30–35 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269463960 |access-date=4 January 2022}}

__TOC__

{{clear}}

Palynology

class = "wikitable"
Genus

! Species

! Stratigraphic position

! Material

! Notes

! Images

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Leiotriletes

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Leiotriletes rotundiformis

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Affinities with Botryopteridaceae, Cooksoniaceae, Schizaeaceae, Sermayaceae and Zosterophyllaceae. Likely reworked from Devonian-Permian layers

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Acanthotriletes{{cite journal |last1=Venozhinskene |first1=A.I.|title=Palynological indications of the Early Jurassic deposits in the southern part of the Balticum [Palinologicheskoe Obosnovaie Nizhneyurskikh otlozhenii Yuzhnboi Pribaltiki] |journal=Trudy Ministerstvo Geologii SSR,Akademiya Nauk SSR |date=1971 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=19–30}}{{cite journal |last1=Venozhinskene |first1=A.I.|last2=Kisnerius |first2=J.|title=Stratigraphy of Upper Triassic, (Rhaetian,), Jurassic, (Pre Middle Callovian), continental deposits of the western part of the southern Baltic area [ Stratigrafiya verkhetriasovykh (retskikh) Yurskikh (Dosrednekelloveiskikh) kontinental'nykh otlozhenii Zaladnoi Chasti Yuzhnoi Pribaltiki] |journal=Trudy Ministerstvo Geologii SSR,Akademiya Nauk |date=1978 |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=127–138}}

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Acanthotriletes elatus

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Affinities with the Botryopteridaceae and Selaginellaceae. Reworked from primitive ferns found in Devonian and Carboniferous rocks of Europe

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Staplinisporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Staplinisporites caminus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Encalyptaceae inside Bryopsida. Branching Moss Spores, related with high water-depleting environments

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Encalypta alpina (a, 124941-470711) 2281.JPG specimens, Staplinisporites come probably from similar genera]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Lycopodiumsporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Lycopodiumsporites semimuris

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Foveosporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Foveosporites microreticulatus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Lycopod spores, related with herbaceous to arbustive flora common on humid environments

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Lycopodium annotinum 161102.jpg specimens. Genera like Foveosporites probably come from a similar plant]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Uvaesporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Uvaesporites argenteaeformis

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Densoisporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Densoisporites crassus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Relatively abundant

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Heliosporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Heliosporites altmarkensis

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Herbaceous Lycophyte flora, similar to Ferns, related with Humid Settings. This Family of Spores are also the most diverse on the Formation.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Selaginella erythropus kz02.jpg, Heliosporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Leiozonotriletes

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Leiozonotriletes sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Uncertain Affinities with the Pteridopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Cingulatisporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Cingulatisporites scabratus
  • Cingulatisporites sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Cibotiaceae and Selaginellaceae inside Pteridopsida. Relatively abundant

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Leptolepidites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Leptolepidites major
  • Leptolepidites sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Dennstaedtiaceae inside Polypodiales. Forest Fern Spores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Fern Path (9540302241).jpg specimens, Leptolepidites come probably from similar genera]]

-

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pilosisporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Pilosisporites brevipapillosus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miopores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Schizaeaceae and Lygodiaceae inside Pteridophyta. Either from herbaceous or climbing ferns

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Klukisporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Klukisporites sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole
  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Lygodiaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Climbing fern spores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Small-leaved-Climbing-Fern (2928313776).gif, Lygodioisporites come probably from similar genera or maybe a species from the genus]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Clathropterisospora

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Clathropterisospora obovata
  • Clathropterisospora "sp. 1"
  • Clathropterisospora "sp. 2"

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Dictyophyllidites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Dictyophyllidites sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales. Dictyophyllum is a common Dipteridacean genus of the mid-Mesozoic

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Dictyophyllum nilssonii.jpg nilssonii specimen]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Marattiopsis

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Marattiopsis scabratus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Marattiaceae inside Polypodiopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Matonisporites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Matonisporites phlebopteroides

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miopores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Matoniaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Fern spores from lower herbaceous flora

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Matonia pectinata - drawing by M. Seward.png specimens, Matonisporites come probably from similar genera]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Cyathidites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Cyathidites minor

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Cyatheaceae inside Cyatheales. Arboreal Fern Spores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Cyathea medullaris.JPG, Cyathidites come probably from similar genera]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Tripartina

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Tripartina variabilis
  • Tripartina sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Dicksoniaceae inside Cyatheales. Common cosmopolitan Mesozoic Tree fern genus.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Dictyophyllum and Coniopteris (cropped).jpg specimen]]

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Camptotriletes

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Camptotriletes anagrammensis
  • Camptotriletes cerebriformis
  • Camptotriletes triangularis

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Affinities with the Lepidodendraceae and Botryopteridaceae. Reworked Carboniferous Palynomorphs

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Hymenozonotriletes

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Hymenozonotriletes dalinkevidiusi
  • Hymenozonotriletes speciosus

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Miospores

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Affinities with the Lepidodendraceae. Reworked

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Protopinus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Protopinus sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen from the Family Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Caytoniaceae are a complex group of Mesozoic Fossil floras, that can be related to both Peltaspermales and Ginkgoaceae.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Chasmatosporites{{cite journal |last1=Vasileva |first1=N.S. |title=Mesozoic spore-pollen assemblages of the South Baltic off-shore region and their stratigraphic significance |journal=International Palynological Conference,3rd, Proceedings; Nauka, Moscow, Russia |date=1973 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=104–108}}

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Chasmatosporites apertus
  • Chasmatosporites hians
  • Chasmatosporites sp.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole
  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Cycadaceae inside Cycadales. Is among the most abundant flora recovered on the upper section of the coeval Rya Formation, and was found to be similar to the pollen of the extant Encephalartos laevifolius.{{citation |last=Guy-Ohlson |first=D. |year=1988 |title=The use of dispersed palynomorphs referable to the form genus Chasmatosporites (Nilsson) Pocock and Jansonius, in Jurassic biostratigraphy|journal=Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia|volume=3 |issue=1–2 |pages=5–13|url=http://repoarchivos.segemar.gob.ar/Mounted/KOHA%20-%20DSPACE%20DISCK2/D-Space%20-%20Repositorio%20Institucional%20SEGEMAR/Congresos%20y%20Jornadas-%20VER%20CLASIFICACI%C3%93N%20segun%20entidades/Congresos%20de%20Palentolog%C3%ADa%20-%20Argentino%20y%20Latinoamericano/3035/3035.pdf |access-date=9 April 2021}}

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Encephalartos laevifolius, habitus, Pretoria NBT, b.jpg. Chasmatosporites maybe come from a related plant]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Paleoconiferus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Paleoconiferus sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Voltziaceae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae and Araucariaceae inside Pinopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pseudopinus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Pseudopinus oblatinoides

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Voltziaceae inside Pinopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Protopodocarpus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Protopodocarpus sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Voltziaceae inside Pinopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Paleopicea

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Paleopicea sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Pinaceae and Voltziaceae inside Pinopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pseudopicea

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Pseudopicea sp. sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Pinaceae inside Pinopsida. Relatively abundant Pinaceae Pollen, appears specially on Kaolinite-abundant strata.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Picea Pungens Young Cones.jpg. Pseudopicea maybe come from a related plant]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Cerebropollenites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Cerebropollenites dalinkeviciusi

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole
  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Sciadopityaceae or Miroviaceae inside Coniferales. This Pollen resemblance with extant Sciadopitys suggest that Miroviaceae can be an extinct lineage of sciadopityaceaous-like plants.{{cite journal |last1=Hofmann |first1=Christa-Ch. |last2=Odgerel |first2=Nyamsambuu |last3=Seyfullah |first3=Leyla J. |title=The occurrence of pollen of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. through time |journal=Fossil Imprint |date=2021 |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=271–281 |doi=10.37520/fi.2021.019 |s2cid=245555379 |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/AMNPSBHN/article/view/73112 |access-date=27 December 2021|doi-access=free }}

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Sciadopitys verticillata cones.jpg. Cerebropollenites likely come from a related plant]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Perinopollenites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Perinopollenites sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole
  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Cupressaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen that resembles extant genera such as the Genus Actinostrobus and Austrocedrus, probably derived from Dry environments.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Austrocedrus chilensis.jpg. Perinopollenites maybe come from a related plant]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Cupressacites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Cupressacites coriaceus
  • Cupressacites subgranulatus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Cupressaceae inside Pinopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Taxodiites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Taxodiites pallens

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the family Cupressaceae inside Pinopsida.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Classopollis

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Classopollis corniculatus
  • Classopollis sp.1 sp. nov.
  • Classopollis sp.2 sp. nov.
  • Classopollis sp.3 sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole
  • Kybartai-29 Borehole
  • C8-borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pollen

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinopsida. Indicator of Dry settings

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Megaflora

class = "wikitable"
Genus

! Species

! Stratigraphic position

! Material

! Notes

! Images

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Phlebopteris

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Phlebopteris cf. smithii

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Isolated pinnae

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Matoniaceae inside Gleicheniales.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Phlebopteris (7991991163).jpg specimen]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Ginkgoites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Ginkgoites acuta
  • Ginkgoites "sp. 1"

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Belyj Jar-1 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Leaves

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoales. Large to medium Arboreal trees, common on the Fennoscandinavian realm, but also on the Siberian strata

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Ginkgoites huttoni img1.jpg specimen]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Picea?

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Picea? sp sp. nov.
  • Picea? sp.1 sp. nov.
  • Picea? sp.2 sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole
  • Uljanovo-3 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Cones

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Piceoideae inside Coniferales.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Epicéa Cônes&branches FR.jpg cones]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Pinus?

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Pinus? sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Cones

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Pinaceae inside Coniferales.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Pinus lambertiana cones Cucamonga Peak.jpg cones]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Podozamites

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Podozamites sp sp. nov.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Leaves

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with Krassiloviaceae inside Voltziales. The local Podozamites show a rather great range of Growth, reflecting Tropical to subtropical conditions.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Krassilovia mongolica and Podozamites harrisii.png reconstruction]]

style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Elatocladus

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Elatocladus sp.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

  • Nida-44 Borehole

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Leaves

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

Affinities with the Cupressaceae inside Coniferales.

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |

File:Elatocladus (8014545168).jpg]]

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.

Category:Geologic formations of Lithuania

Category:Jurassic System of Europe

Category:Toarcian Stage

Category:Sandstone formations

Category:Shale formations

Category:Open marine deposits

Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Europe

Category:Paleontology in Lithuania