Lesion network mapping

Lesion network mapping is a neuroimaging technique that analyzes the connectivity pattern of brain lesions to identify neuroanatomic correlates of symptoms.{{Cite journal |last1=Boes |first1=Aaron D. |last2=Prasad |first2=Sashank |last3=Liu |first3=Hesheng |last4=Liu |first4=Qi |last5=Pascual-Leone |first5=Alvaro |last6=Caviness |first6=Verne S. |last7=Fox |first7=Michael D. |date=October 2015 |title=Network localization of neurological symptoms from focal brain lesions |journal=Brain: A Journal of Neurology |volume=138 |issue=Pt 10 |pages=3061–3075 |doi=10.1093/brain/awv228 |issn=1460-2156 |pmc=4671478 |pmid=26264514}}{{Cite journal |last=Fox |first=Michael D. |date=2018-12-06 |title=Mapping Symptoms to Brain Networks with the Human Connectome |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1706158 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |language=en |volume=379 |issue=23 |pages=2237–2245 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1706158 |pmid=30575457 |s2cid=58666837 |issn=0028-4793|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite web |last=NEJM |title=Illustrated Glossary - NEJM |url=https://illustrated-glossary.nejm.org/term/lesion_network_map |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=New England Journal of Medicine |language=English}} The technique was developed by Michael D. Fox and Aaron Boes to understand the network anatomy of lesion induced neurologic and psychiatric symptoms that can not be explained by focal anatomic localization.{{Cite journal |last1=Joutsa |first1=Juho |last2=Corp |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Fox |first3=Michael D. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Lesion network mapping for symptom localization: recent developments and future directions |journal=Current Opinion in Neurology |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=453–459 |doi=10.1097/WCO.0000000000001085 |issn=1473-6551 |pmc=9724189 |pmid=35788098}}{{Cite journal |last1=Nabizadeh |first1=Fardin |last2=Aarabi |first2=Mohammad Hadi |date=2023-06-30 |title=Functional and structural lesion network mapping in neurological and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review |journal=Frontiers in Neurology |volume=14 |doi=10.3389/fneur.2023.1100067 |issn=1664-2295 |pmc=10349201 |pmid=37456650 |doi-access=free }} Lesion network mapping applies a network-based approach to identify connected brain networks, rather than focal brain regions, that correlate with a specific symptom.

In focal neuroanatomic localization, developed by Paul Broca and others, specific symptoms that occur due to brain lesions can be understood by identifying a specific brain region that is injured by lesions to establish brain-symptom relationships. However, a number of neurologic symptoms, such as peduncular hallucinosis, are not amenable to this approach since the lesions associated with the symptom do not map to one focal brain location. Lesion network mapping helps to explain these lesion-induced syndromes by showing that lesion locations associated with a given symptom all map to a shared brain network even if they do not all map to a focal brain region. The technique maps the location of lesions associated with a specific symptom and analyzes the connectivity pattern of the lesions compared to large, standardized human brain atlases. While initially developed using resting-state fMRIs such as the Human Connectome Project, the technique has been expanded to include large structural network atlases {{Cite journal |last1=Bowren |first1=Mark |last2=Bruss |first2=Joel |last3=Manzel |first3=Kenneth |last4=Edwards |first4=Dylan |last5=Liu |first5=Charles |last6=Corbetta |first6=Maurizio |last7=Tranel |first7=Daniel |last8=Boes |first8=Aaron D. |date=2022-05-24 |title=Post-stroke outcomes predicted from multivariate lesion-behaviour and lesion network mapping |journal=Brain: A Journal of Neurology |volume=145 |issue=4 |pages=1338–1353 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac010 |issn=1460-2156 |pmc=9630711 |pmid=35025994}} and multimodal-connectome datasets.{{Cite journal |last1=Jimenez-Marin |first1=A. |last2=De Bruyn |first2=N. |last3=Gooijers |first3=J. |last4=Llera |first4=A. |last5=Meyer |first5=S. |last6=Alaerts |first6=K. |last7=Verheyden |first7=G. |last8=Swinnen |first8=S. P. |last9=Cortes |first9=J. M. |title=Multimodal and multidomain lesion network mapping enhances prediction of sensorimotor behavior in stroke patients |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=22400 |date=2022-12-27 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-26945-x |issn=2045-2322 |pmid=36575263 |pmc=9794717}} Software tools for that facilitate lesion network mapping exist within the Lead-DBS framework,{{Cite journal |last1=Bowren |first1=Mark |last2=Bruss |first2=Joel |last3=Manzel |first3=Kenneth |last4=Edwards |first4=Dylan |last5=Liu |first5=Charles |last6=Corbetta |first6=Maurizio |last7=Tranel |first7=Daniel |last8=Boes |first8=Aaron D |date=2022-05-24 |title=Post-stroke outcomes predicted from multivariate lesion-behaviour and lesion network mapping |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/145/4/1338/6506442 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=145 |issue=4 |pages=1338–1353 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac010 |issn=0006-8950 |pmc=9630711 |pmid=35025994}} which is also used for a related technique, DBS network mapping.

Lesion network mapping has helped map the network anatomy of numerous rare neurologic syndromes (peduncular hallucinosis, delusional misidentification,{{Cite journal |last1=Darby |first1=R. Ryan |last2=Laganiere |first2=Simon |last3=Pascual-Leone |first3=Alvaro |last4=Prasad |first4=Sashank |last5=Fox |first5=Michael D. |date=February 2017 |title=Finding the imposter: brain connectivity of lesions causing delusional misidentifications |journal=Brain: A Journal of Neurology |volume=140 |issue=2 |pages=497–507 |doi=10.1093/brain/aww288 |issn=1460-2156 |pmc=5278302 |pmid=28082298}} reduplicative paramensia,{{Cite journal |last1=Diamantaras |first1=A. A. |last2=Blondiaux |first2=E. |last3=Schumacher |first3=R. |last4=Müri |first4=R. M. |last5=Blanke |first5=O. |last6=Heydrich |first6=L. |date=2023-07-10 |title=The neuropsychology and neuroanatomy of reduplicative paramnesia |journal=Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior |volume=167 |pages=12–24 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.006 |issn=1973-8102 |pmid=37515831|doi-access=free }} akinetic mutism,{{Cite journal |last1=Darby |first1=R. Ryan |last2=Joutsa |first2=Juho |last3=Burke |first3=Matthew J. |last4=Fox |first4=Michael D. |date=2018-10-16 |title=Lesion network localization of free will |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=42 |pages=10792–10797 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1814117115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6196503 |pmid=30275309 |bibcode=2018PNAS..11510792D |doi-access=free }} blindsight,{{Cite journal |last1=Kletenik |first1=Isaiah |last2=Ferguson |first2=Michael A. |last3=Bateman |first3=James R. |last4=Cohen |first4=Alexander L. |last5=Lin |first5=Christopher |last6=Tetreault |first6=Aaron |last7=Pelak |first7=Victoria S. |last8=Anderson |first8=Clark Alan |last9=Prasad |first9=Sashank |last10=Darby |first10=Richard Ryan |last11=Fox |first11=Michael D. |date=February 2022 |title=Network Localization of Unconscious Visual Perception in Blindsight |journal=Annals of Neurology |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=217–224 |doi=10.1002/ana.26292 |issn=1531-8249 |pmc=10013845 |pmid=34961965}} visual anosognosia{{Cite journal |last1=Kletenik |first1=Isaiah |last2=Gaudet |first2=Kyla |last3=Prasad |first3=Sashank |last4=Cohen |first4=Alexander L. |last5=Fox |first5=Michael D. |date=2023-06-08 |title=Network Localization of Awareness in Visual and Motor Anosognosia |journal=Annals of Neurology |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=434–441 |doi=10.1002/ana.26709 |issn=1531-8249 |pmid=37289520|s2cid=259119253 |doi-access=free |pmc=10524951 }}), common neurologic syndromes (seizures,{{Cite journal |last1=Schaper |first1=Frederic L. W. V. J. |last2=Nordberg |first2=Janne |last3=Cohen |first3=Alexander L. |last4=Lin |first4=Christopher |last5=Hsu |first5=Joey |last6=Horn |first6=Andreas |last7=Ferguson |first7=Michael A. |last8=Siddiqi |first8=Shan H. |last9=Drew |first9=William |last10=Soussand |first10=Louis |last11=Winkler |first11=Anderson M. |last12=Simó |first12=Marta |last13=Bruna |first13=Jordi |last14=Rheims |first14=Sylvain |last15=Guenot |first15=Marc |date=2023-07-03 |title=Mapping Lesion-Related Epilepsy to a Human Brain Network |journal=JAMA Neurology |volume=80 |issue=9 |pages=891–902 |language=en |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1988 |issn=2168-6149 |pmc=10318550 |pmid=37399040}} aphasia,{{Cite journal |last1=Wawrzyniak |first1=Max |last2=Schneider |first2=Hans R. |last3=Klingbeil |first3=Julian |last4=Stockert |first4=Anika |last5=Hartwigsen |first5=Gesa |last6=Weiller |first6=Cornelius |last7=Saur |first7=Dorothee |date=2022-05-01 |title=Resolution of diaschisis contributes to early recovery from post-stroke aphasia |journal=NeuroImage |volume=251 |pages=119001 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119001 |issn=1095-9572 |pmid=35172200|doi-access=free }} amnesia,{{Cite journal |last1=Ferguson |first1=Michael A. |last2=Lim |first2=Chun |last3=Cooke |first3=Danielle |last4=Darby |first4=R. 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Ryan |last2=Horn |first2=Andreas |last3=Cushman |first3=Fiery |last4=Fox |first4=Michael D. |date=2018-01-16 |title=Lesion network localization of criminal behavior |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=115 |issue=3 |pages=601–606 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1706587115 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=5776958 |pmid=29255017 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115..601D |doi-access=free }} addiction{{Cite journal |last1=Joutsa |first1=Juho |last2=Moussawi |first2=Khaled |last3=Siddiqi |first3=Shan H. |last4=Abdolahi |first4=Amir |last5=Drew |first5=William |last6=Cohen |first6=Alexander L. |last7=Ross |first7=Thomas J. |last8=Deshpande |first8=Harshawardhan U. |last9=Wang |first9=Henry Z. |last10=Bruss |first10=Joel |last11=Stein |first11=Elliot A. |last12=Volkow |first12=Nora D. |last13=Grafman |first13=Jordan H. |last14=van Wijngaarden |first14=Edwin |last15=Boes |first15=Aaron D. |date=June 2022 |title=Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit |journal=Nature Medicine |language=en |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=1249–1255 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01834-y |issn=1078-8956 |pmc=9205767 |pmid=35697842}}). The technique has been successfully applied to a broad range of diseases and lesion types including lesions due to stroke, traumatic brain injury, tuberous sclerosis{{Cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Alexander L. |last2=Mulder |first2=Brechtje P. F. |last3=Prohl |first3=Anna K. |last4=Soussand |first4=Louis |last5=Davis |first5=Peter |last6=Kroeck |first6=Mallory R. |last7=McManus |first7=Peter |last8=Gholipour |first8=Ali |last9=Scherrer |first9=Benoit |last10=Bebin |first10=E. Martina |last11=Wu |first11=Joyce Y. |last12=Northrup |first12=Hope |last13=Krueger |first13=Darcy A. |last14=Sahin |first14=Mustafa |last15=Warfield |first15=Simon K. |date=April 2021 |title=Tuber Locations Associated with Infantile Spasms Map to a Common Brain Network |journal=Annals of Neurology |language=en |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=726–739 |doi=10.1002/ana.26015 |issn=0364-5134 |pmc=7969435 |pmid=33410532}}{{Cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Alexander L. |last2=Kroeck |first2=Mallory R. |last3=Wall |first3=Juliana |last4=McManus |first4=Peter |last5=Ovchinnikova |first5=Arina |last6=Sahin |first6=Mustafa |last7=Krueger |first7=Darcy A. |last8=Bebin |first8=E. Martina |last9=Northrup |first9=Hope |last10=Wu |first10=Joyce Y. |last11=Warfield |first11=Simon K. |last12=Peters |first12=Jurriaan M. |last13=Fox |first13=Michael D. |last14=the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Network Study Group |date=March 2023 |title=Tubers Affecting the Fusiform Face Area Are Associated with Autism Diagnosis |journal=Annals of Neurology |language=en |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=577–590 |doi=10.1002/ana.26551 |issn=0364-5134 |pmc=9974824 |pmid=36394118 }} and multiple sclerosis.{{Cite journal |last1=Kletenik |first1=Isaiah |last2=Cohen |first2=Alexander L. |last3=Glanz |first3=Bonnie I. |last4=Ferguson |first4=Michael A. |last5=Tauhid |first5=Shahamat |last6=Li |first6=Jing |last7=Drew |first7=William |last8=Polgar-Turcsanyi |first8=Mariann |last9=Palotai |first9=Miklos |last10=Siddiqi |first10=Shan H. |last11=Marshall |first11=Gad A. |last12=Chitnis |first12=Tanuja |last13=Guttmann |first13=Charles R. G. |last14=Bakshi |first14=Rohit |last15=Fox |first15=Michael D. |date=2023-08-02 |title=Multiple sclerosis lesions that impair memory map to a connected memory circuit |journal=Journal of Neurology |volume=270 |issue=11 |pages=5211–5222 |doi=10.1007/s00415-023-11907-8 |issn=1432-1459 |pmid=37532802|pmc=10592111 |s2cid=260433348 }}{{Cite journal |last1=Siddiqi |first1=Shan H. |last2=Kletenik |first2=Isaiah |last3=Anderson |first3=Mark C. |last4=Cavallari |first4=Michele |last5=Chitnis |first5=Tanuja |last6=Glanz |first6=Bonnie I. |last7=Khalil |first7=Samar |last8=Palotai |first8=Miklos |last9=Bakshi |first9=Rohit |last10=Guttmann |first10=Charles R. G. |last11=Fox |first11=Michael D. |date=2023-01-19 |title=Lesion network localization of depression in multiple sclerosis |journal=Nature Mental Health |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=36–44 |doi=10.1038/s44220-022-00002-y |issn=2731-6076|doi-access=free }} The technique has been broadened to map the connectivity of locations from transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation{{Cite journal |last1=Horn |first1=Andreas |last2=Reich |first2=Martin M. |last3=Ewert |first3=Siobhan |last4=Li |first4=Ningfei |last5=Al-Fatly |first5=Bassam |last6=Lange |first6=Florian |last7=Roothans |first7=Jonas |last8=Oxenford |first8=Simon |last9=Horn |first9=Isabel |last10=Paschen |first10=Steffen |last11=Runge |first11=Joachim |last12=Wodarg |first12=Fritz |last13=Witt |first13=Karsten |last14=Nickl |first14=Robert C. |last15=Wittstock |first15=Matthias |date=2022-04-05 |title=Optimal deep brain stimulation sites and networks for cervical vs. generalized dystonia |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=119 |issue=14 |pages=e2114985119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2114985119 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=9168456 |pmid=35357970|bibcode=2022PNAS..11914985H }} sites to understand treatment responsiveness.

Research findings based on lesion network mapping have been reported in the New York Times,{{Cite news |last=Mueller |first=Benjamin |date=2022-06-13 |title=They Were Cigarette Smokers. Then a Stroke Vanquished Their Addiction. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/13/health/cigarette-smokers-stroke-addiction.html |access-date=2023-08-18 |issn=0362-4331}} Scientific American{{Cite web |last=Gholipour |first=Bahar |title=How Brain Injuries Deprive People of a Sense of Free Will |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-brain-injuries-deprive-people-of-a-sense-of-free-will/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=Scientific American |date=January 2019 |language=en}} and USA Today{{Cite web |title=Spirituality and sense of awe seem to be hard-wired into our brains, researchers find |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/07/07/brain-circuit-spirituality-identified-harvard-study-shows/7843716002/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}} and the term has been included in the New England Journal of Medicine's general medical glossary.