Liberal International#Full member

{{Short description|International federation of liberal political parties (1947-present).}}

{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = Liberal International

| logo = Liberal International logo.svg

| logo_size = 175

| image = National Liberal Club, Whitehall Place (geograph 4771434).jpg

| image_border =

| caption = Headquarters of Liberal International, London

| map =

| msize =

| mcaption =

| abbreviation = LI

| motto =

| predecessor =

| formation = April 1947, constituted with the Oxford Manifesto

| extinction =

| type = International non-governmental organization
Political international

| status =

| purpose = World federation of liberal political parties and organisations

| headquarters = National Liberal Club

| location = London, {{postcode|SW|1A}}
United Kingdom

| region_served = Worldwide

| membership = 90 political parties and 21 international organizations (as of May 2022)

| leader_title = President

| leader_name = Karl-Heinz Paque

| main_organ = Congress of Liberal International

| parent_organization =

| affiliations =

| num_staff =

| num_volunteers =

| budget =

| website = {{URL|liberal-international.org}}

| remarks =

}}

{{Liberalism sidebar}}

Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organization of liberal political parties. The political international was founded in Oxford in 1947 and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal and progressive democratic parties aiming to strengthen liberalism and democratic values around the world. Its headquarters are within the National Liberal Club. The Oxford Manifesto describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International, which is currently made up of 111 parties and organizations.

Aims

The Liberal International Constitution (2005) gives its purposes as: {{blockquote|to win general acceptance of Liberal principles which are international in their nature throughout the world, and to foster the growth of a free society based on personal liberty, personal responsibility and social justice, and to provide the means of co-operation and interchange of information between the member organisations, and between men and women of all countries who accept these principles.}} The principles that unite member parties from Africa, America, Asia and Europe are respect for human rights, free and fair elections and multi-party democracy, social justice, tolerance, market economy, free trade, environmental sustainability and a strong sense of international solidarity.

The aims of Liberal International are also set out in a series of seven manifestos, written between 1946 and 1997, and are furthered by a variety of bodies including a near-yearly conference for liberal parties and individuals from around the world.{{cite web |url=http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=532 |title=Constitution – Politics – Liberalism |publisher=Liberal-international.org |access-date=4 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125070625/http://liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=532 |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}

Bureau

The bureau of Liberal International is elected every 18 months by the delegates of the congress.{{Cite web |title=Bureau Members |url=https://liberal-international.org/who-we-are/political-leadership/bureau-members/ |access-date=2019-01-24 |website=Liberal International |language=en-GB}}

Former Presidents include Hans Van Baalen MEP, John, Lord Alderdice, Dutch politician and former European Commissioner Frits Bolkestein, German politician Otto Graf Lambsdorff, and Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after Francoist Spain, Adolfo Suárez. The 14th president of Liberal International was Hakima el Haite of the Mouvement Populaire (Morocco), is a former Minister of Environment, UN climate champion, and climate scientist. Madam El Haite succeeded Dr Juli Minoves, formerly Andorra's foreign minister and representative to the United Nations.

The secretary-general of Liberal International is Gordon Mackay, a former Member of the National Assembly of South Africa. Other members of the bureau include Deputy President Prof. Karl-Heinz Paque; and Vice Presidents Cellou Dalein Diallo (Guinea), Kitty Monterrey (Nicaragua), Abir al-Sahlani (Sweden), Kiat Sittheamorn (Thailand) and Robert Woodthorpe Browne (United Kingdom). There are two elected treasurers, Judith Pallares MP (Andorra) and Minister Omar Youm (Senegal).

Awards

Liberal International awards prizes to individuals in the areas of human rights and liberalism.

Prize for Freedom:

The Liberal International Prize for Freedom is LI's most prestigious human rights award. Conveyed annually since 1984 to an individual of liberal conviction who has made outstanding efforts for the defence of freedom and human rights, recipients include Maria Corina Machado of Venezuela, Senator Leila de Lima of the Philippines, Raif Badawi of Saudi Arabia, Waris Dirie of Somalia and Václav Havel of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic.

Medal of Liberalism:

The Liberal International Medal of Liberalism is awarded to individuals who have worked to advance liberal values on a local, national and international level. Recipients include President Alassane Ouattara of Ivory Coast, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel of Luxembourg, President Tsai Ing-wen of Taiwan and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe leader Sir Graham Watson of the United Kingdom.

Publications

The LI Human Rights Bulletin is published three times per year and consists of opinion articles, video interviews and digest of the work of the LI human rights committee.

Thematic publications are published online and in print on an ad hoc basis. Recent texts have offered a liberal perspective on issues ranging from freedom of belief to the responsibility to protect.

History

= Before establishment =

Because inter-war International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties ceased to operate in the beginning of the World War II, on 16 June 1946 representatives of the Liberal Party of Belgium, British Liberal Party, French Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party, Danish Social Liberal Party, Freedom Party of the Netherlands, Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, People's Party of Sweden, Italian Liberal Party and the representatives of Spanish Liberals in exile assembled in Brussels and adopted the Declaration of Brussels, which called for creation of world liberal organization.

= Oxford Manifesto =

The Oxford Manifesto, drawn up in April 1947 at Wadham College in Oxford by representatives from 19 liberal political parties from South Africa, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Spain, Estonia, United Kingdom, United States, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia and Turkey is a document describing the basic political principles of the Liberal International. Creation of its main principles were led by Salvador de Madariaga.{{cite web|url=http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=535 |title=Oxford Manifesto 1947 – Manifesto – Politics – Liberalism |publisher=Liberal-international.org |access-date=4 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211151351/http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=535 |archive-date=11 February 2011 }}

The Oxford Manifesto was inspired by the ideas of William Beveridge{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} and is regarded as one of the defining political documents of the 20th century.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

Fifty years on, in 1997, Liberal International returned to Oxford and issued a supplement to the original manifesto, The Liberal Agenda for the 21st century, describing Liberal policies in greater detail. The second Oxford Manifesto was adopted by the 48th Congress of Liberal International, which was held on 27–30 November 1997 in the Oxford Town Hall.{{cite web|url=http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=537|title=Oxford Manifesto 1997 – Manifesto – Politics – Liberalism|date=30 November 1997|publisher=Liberal-international.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207012341/http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=537|archive-date=7 February 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=4 January 2011}} In 2017, the global federation marked its 70th anniversary with the adoption of the Andorra Liberal Manifesto for the twenty-first century (ALM). A three-year project across numerous continents initiated by then president Juli Minoves, the ALM embodied the widest consultation of views undertaken by Liberal International in order to compile a policy document.{{Cite web|url=https://liberal-international.org/who-we-are/our-mission/landmark-documents/political-manifestos/liberal-manifesto-2017/|title=Andorra Liberal Manifesto - 2017|website=Liberal International|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-01-25}}

Organisation

=Presidents=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! Portrait

! Name
{{small|(Birth{{ndash}}Death)}}

! Country

! colspan=2 | Presidency

! Membership

1

| 75px

| Salvador de Madariaga
{{small|(1886{{ndash}}1978)}}

| style="text-align:left" | United Kingdom
Spain {{small|(exiled)}}

| class=nowrap | 20 April 1948

| class=nowrap | 18 April 1952

| {{small|Association}}
Mont Pelerin Society

2

|

| Roger Motz
{{small|(1904{{ndash}}1964)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Belgium

| class=nowrap | 18 April 1952

| class=nowrap | 20 April 1958

| Liberal Party

3

| 75px

| Giovanni Malagodi
{{small|(1904{{ndash}}1991)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Italy

| class=nowrap | 20 April 1958

| class=nowrap | 15 April 1966

| Italian Liberal Party

4

| 75px

| Edzo Toxopeus
{{small|(1918{{ndash}}2009)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Netherlands

| class=nowrap | 15 April 1966

| class=nowrap | 25 April 1970

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

5

| 75px

| Gaston Thorn
{{small|(1928{{ndash}}2007)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Luxembourg

| class=nowrap | 25 April 1970

| class=nowrap | 18 April 1982

| Democratic Party

{{small|(3)}}

| 75px

| Giovanni Malagodi
{{small|(1904{{ndash}}1991)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Italy

| class=nowrap | 18 April 1982

| class=nowrap | 26 April 1989

| Italian Liberal Party

6

| 75px

| Adolfo Suárez
{{small|(1932{{ndash}}2014)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Spain

| class=nowrap | 26 April 1989

| class=nowrap | 22 April 1992

| Democratic and Social Centre

7

| 75px

| Otto Graf Lambsdorff
{{small|(1926{{ndash}}2009)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Germany

| class=nowrap | 22 April 1992

| class=nowrap | 25 April 1994

| Free Democratic Party

8

| 75px

| David Steel
{{small|(1938{{ndash}})}}

| style="text-align:left" | United Kingdom

| class=nowrap | 25 April 1994

| class=nowrap | 15 April 1996

| Liberal Democrats

9

| 75px

| Frits Bolkestein
{{small|(1933{{ndash}}2025)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Netherlands

| class=nowrap | 15 April 1996

| class=nowrap | 18 April 2000

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

10

| 75px

| Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck
{{small|(1944{{ndash}})}}

| style="text-align:left" | Belgium

| class=nowrap | 18 April 2000

| class=nowrap | 25 April 2005

| Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten

11

| 75px

| John Alderdice
{{small|(1955{{ndash}})}}

| style="text-align:left" | United Kingdom

| class=nowrap | 25 April 2005

| class=nowrap | 20 April 2009

| Liberal Democrats
and
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland

12

| 75px

| Hans van Baalen
{{small|(1960{{ndash}}2021)}}

| style="text-align:left" | Netherlands

| class=nowrap | 20 April 2009

| class=nowrap | 26 April 2014

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

13

| 75px

| Juli Minoves
{{small|(1969{{ndash}})}}

| style="text-align:left" | Andorra

| class=nowrap | 26 April 2014

| class=nowrap | 30 November 2018

| Liberal Party of Andorra

14

| 75px

| Hakima El Haite
{{small|(1963{{ndash}})}}

| style="text-align:left" | Morocco

| class=nowrap | 30 November 2018

| class=nowrap | 2 December 2024

| Popular Movement

15

|100x100px

|Karl-Heinz Paqué
{{small|(1956{{ndash}})}}

|Germany

|2 December 2024

|Incumbent

|Free Democratic Party

Members

= Incumbent heads of state and government =

File:Mark Carney (cropped).jpg|Mark Carney
{{CAN}}

File:Kristen Michal in 2024 (cropped).jpg|Kristen Michal
{{EST}}

File:Micheál Martin TD (cropped).jpg|Micheál Martin
{{IRE}}

File:Alassane Ouattara - 2024 (cropped).jpg|Alassane Ouattara
{{CIV}}

File:賴清德總統 (cropped).jpg|Lai Ching-te
{{TWN}}

= Full members =

LI has 90 political parties.

class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%;"

!Country/Region

! width="170px" |Name

!Government

!Joined

rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Belgium}}

|Reform Movement

{{yes|Government}}2002
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats{{no2|Opposition}}1992
{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}

|Alliance for Democracy and Federation – African Democratic Rally

{{no2|Opposition}}2006
{{Flag|Burundi}}

|{{Interlanguage link multi|Alliance démocratique pour le renouveau|fr}}

{{no2|Opposition}}2009
{{Flag|Cambodia}}

|Cambodia National Rescue Movement

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}2006
{{Flag|Canada}}

|Liberal Party of Canada{{cite web|url=http://www.liberal.ca/newsroom/news-release/liberal-party-of-canada-welcomes-liberal-international-to-2009-convention/|title=Liberal Party of Canada Welcomes Liberal International to 2009 Convention|date=6 March 2009|publisher=Liberal Party of Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805144043/http://www.liberal.ca/newsroom/news-release/liberal-party-of-canada-welcomes-liberal-international-to-2009-convention/|archive-date=5 August 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=28 August 2012}}{{cite news|url=https://liberal-international.org/our-members/regions/north-america/|title=North America - Liberal International|work=Liberal International|access-date=2018-10-14|language=en-GB}}

| {{yes|Government}}

1947
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Chile}}

|Evópoli{{Cite web |date=2023-05-04 |title=Evolución Política se incorpora como miembro pleno de la Internacional Liberal |url=https://evopoli.cl/evolucion-politica-se-incorpora-como-miembro-pleno-de-la-internacional-liberal/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Evópoli |language=es}}

{{no2|Opposition}}2023
Liberal Party of Chile{{yes|Government}}2014
{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

|Together for the Republic

{{no2|Opposition}}2008
{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}

|Rally of the Republicans

{{yes|Government}}2003
{{Flag|Croatia}}

|Istrian Democratic Assembly

{{no2|Opposition}}2014
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Cuba}}

|Cuban Liberal Union

{{no|In exile}}1992
Cuban Liberal Solidarity Party{{no2|Opposition}}2014
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Denmark}}

|Danish Social Liberal Party

{{no2|Opposition}}1948
Venstre, Denmark's Liberal Party{{yes|Government}}1947
{{Flag|Estonia}}

|Estonian Reform Party

{{yes|Government}}1994
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|EU}}

|ALDE Group

{{n/a}}
ALDE Party{{n/a}}
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Finland}}

|Centre Party

{{no2|Opposition}}1983
Swedish People's Party{{yes|Government}}1983
{{Flag|Georgia}}

|Republican Party of Georgia

{{no2|Opposition}}2006
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Germany}}

|German Group of the LI

{{n/a}}1947
Free Democratic Party{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}1947
{{Flag|Gibraltar}}

|Liberal Party

{{yes|Government}}1997
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Guinea}}

|Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea

{{no2|Opposition}}2012
Union of Republican Forces{{no2|Opposition}}2012
{{Flag|Honduras}}

|Liberal Party

{{no2|Opposition}}1986
{{Flag|Iceland}}

|Progressive Party

{{no2|Opposition}}1983
{{Flag|Ireland}}

|Fianna Fáil

{{yes|Government}}2014
{{Flag|Kenya}}

|Orange Democratic Movement

{{no2|Opposition}}2015
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Kosovo}}

|Independent Liberal Party

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}2009
Democratic Party of Kosovo{{no2|Opposition}}2023
{{Flag|Lebanon}}

|Future Movement

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}2012
{{Flag|Luxembourg}}

|Democratic Party

{{yes|Government}}
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Madagascar}}

|Movement for the Progress of Madagascar

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}1994
[http://www.adn-madagascar.com/ Arche de la Nation]{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}2017
{{Flag|Mexico}}

|New Alliance Party

{{no2|Opposition}}2006
{{Flag|Mongolia}}

|Civil Will-Green Party

{{no2|Opposition}}2009
{{Flag|Montenegro}}

|Liberal Party of Montenegro

{{yes|Government}}2014
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Morocco}}

|Constitutional Union

{{no2|Opposition}}2003
Popular Movement{{no2|Opposition}}2003
rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Netherlands}}

|Democrats 66

{{no2|Opposition}}1986
Dutch Group of LI{{n/a}}
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy{{Cite web|url=http://www.vvd.nl/over/stefblok/25/liberal-international-li|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928220750/http://www.vvd.nl/over/stefblok/25/liberal-international-li|url-status=dead|title=VVD is a member of LI|archive-date=28 September 2011}}{{yes|Government}}1960
{{Flag|Nicaragua}}

|Ciudadanos por la Libertad

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|North Macedonia}}

|Liberal Democratic Party

{{no2|Opposition}}1994
{{Flag|Norway}}

|Liberal Party

{{no2|Opposition}}1947
{{Flag|Paraguay}}

|Authentic Radical Liberal Party

{{no2|Opposition}}2001
{{Flag|Philippines}}

|Liberal Party

{{no2|Opposition}}1989
{{Flag|Portugal}}

|Iniciativa Liberal

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Romania}}

|National Liberal Party{{cite news|url=https://liberal-international.org/our-members/regions/europe/|title=Europe - Liberal International|work=Liberal International|access-date=2018-10-14|language=en-GB}}

{{yes|Government}}1994
{{Flag|Russia}}

|Yabloko

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}2002
rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Senegal}}

|Alliance pour la République

{{yes|Government}}2018
Rewmi{{yes|Government}}2015
Senegalese Democratic Party{{no2|Opposition}}1980
{{Flag|Slovenia}}

|Concretely

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Somalia}}

|CAHDI Party

{{no2|Opposition}}2017
{{Flag|South Africa}}

|Democratic Alliance

{{yes|Government}}1984
{{Flag|Spain}}

|Fundació Llibertat i Democràcia

{{N/A}}
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Sweden}}

|Liberals

{{yes|Government}}1947
Centre Party{{no2|Opposition}}2006
{{Flag|Serbia}}

|Movement of Free Citizens

{{no2|Opposition}}2022
{{Flag|Switzerland}}

|FDP.The Liberals

{{yes|Government}}2009
{{Flag|Taiwan}}

|Democratic Progressive Party

{{yes|Government}}1994
{{Flag|Tanzania}}

|Civic United Front

{{no2|Opposition}} / in coalition in autonomous region of Zanzibar1997
{{Flag|Thailand}}

|Democrat Party

{{yes|Government}}
rowspan="3" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

|Alliance Party of Northern Ireland

{{no2}} In coalition government in Northern Irish Assembly, in opposition at national level1991
Liberal International British Group{{n/a}}
Liberal Democrats{{no2|Opposition}}1989
rowspan="2" |Worldwide

|International Federation of Liberal Youth

{{n/a}}
International Network of Liberal Women{{n/a}}

=Observer parties=

class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%;"

!Country/Region

! width="170px" |Name

!Government

{{Flag|Austria}}

|NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum

{{yes|Government}}
{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}

|Union pour le Progrès et le Changement

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Comoros}}

|Alliance Nationale pour les Comores

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

|{{Interlanguage link multi|Union pour la reconstruction du Congo|fr}}

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}}

|Union des Democrates Humanistes (UDH-YUKI)

{{n/a}}
{{Flag|Cyprus}}

|United Democrats

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Ghana}}

|Progressive People's Party

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Hungary}}

|Momentum Movement

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Israel}}

|Yesh Atid{{cite news |last1=Hoffman |first1=Gil |title=Yesh Atid joins Liberal International |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/yesh-atid-joins-liberal-international-680939 |access-date=3 October 2021 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=3 October 2021}}

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Italy}}

|Italian Group of Liberal International

{{n/a}}
{{Flag|Malaysia}}

|Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia

{{no2|color=#BBFFDD}}In opposition
rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Mali}}

|Citizens' Party for the Renewal of Mali

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
Union pour la République et la Démocratie (URD){{n/a}}
{{Flag|Mauritania}}

|[https://www.rpmtemam.com/ Rally for Mauritania]

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Moldova}}

|Romanian Popular Party

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Morocco}}

|Moroccan Liberal Party

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Singapore}}

|Singapore Democratic Party

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Suriname}}

|Democratic Alternative '91

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Syria}}

|Syrian Liberal Party - Ahrar

{{no|In exile}}
{{Flag|Tunisia}}

|Afek Tounes

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
{{Flag|Ukraine}}

|Holos

{{no2|Opposition}}
{{Flag|Venezuela}}

|Vente Venezuela

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

=Individual member=

class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%;"

!Country

! width="170px" |Name

!Government

{{Flag|Hong Kong}}

|Mr Martin Lee – founding chairman of Democratic Party

{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

Cooperating organizations

Cooperating and regional organisations are groups with a recognised status in the constitution of Liberal International as bodies that share the values and objectives of LI but do not operate as a political party. Co-operating organisations have the right of representation but in no case the right to vote at statutory events. LI has 12 cooperating organizations.

class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%;"

!Organization

! width="170px" |Region

Africa Liberal Network

|Africa

Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats

|Asia

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (ALDE-PACE)

| rowspan="6" |Europe

Friedrich Naumann Stiftung
Fondazione Libro Aperto
Fondazione Luigi Einaudi
Neue Zürcher Zeitung
Swedish International Liberal Centre
Red Liberal de América Latina

|Latin America

Arab Liberal Federation

|MENA

National Democratic Institute

|North America

Liberal think tanks and foundations

The International is also in a loose association with the following 10 organisations:


class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%;"

!Organization

! width="170px" |Country

Centre Jean Gol

|Belgium

Fondazione Luigi Einaudi

| rowspan="2" |Italy

Fondazione Critica Liberale
Liberal Institute

|Germany

Teldersstichting

|Netherlands

The Bertil Ohlin Institute

|Sweden

Education Policy Institute

|United Kingdom

European Liberal Forum

|Europe

Livres (movement){{cite web | url=https://www.eusoulivres.org/noticias/livres-se-torna-unica-organizacao-brasileira-na-liberal-internacional/ | title=Livres se torna única organização brasileira na Liberal Internacional • LIVRES }}

|Brazil

Paddy Ashdown Forum{{Cite web |title=63rd Liberal International Congress (75th Anniversary) in Sofia, Bulgaria 2022 |url=https://liberal-international.org/what-we-do/events/congress-meetings/sofia-2022/ |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Liberal International |language=en-GB}}

|United Kingdom

See also

References

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}