List of European colonies in Africa

The following is a list of European colonies in Africa, organized alphabetically by the colonizing country. France had the most colonies in Africa with 35 colonies followed by Britain with 32.{{cite web|title= A map of Europe based on how many colonies each country had| date=2023-09-26 | url=https://www.indy100.com/viral/map-europe-how-many-colonies-2659364514| access-date=2023-09-26}}

Belgian colonial empire

Belgian Congo (Congo Free State annexed as a colony, today's Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Ruanda-Urundi (comprising modern Rwanda and Burundi, 1922–62)

British Empire

File:1899railroad_salisbury.jpg, 1899]]

File:Prempeh-124-palaver-and-submission.jpg in 1896, the British proclaimed a protectorate over the Ashanti Kingdom.]]

Egypt
British Cyrenaica (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
British Tripolitania (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
British Somaliland (now part of Somalia)
British East Africa
Kenya Colony
Uganda Protectorate
Tanzania
Tanganyika Territory (1919–61)
Zanzibar

British Mauritius
Bechuanaland (now Botswana)
Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)
British Seychelles
British South Africa
South Africa
Transvaal Colony
Cape Colony
Colony of Natal
Orange River Colony
South-West Africa (from 1915, now Namibia)

British West Africa
Gambia Colony and Protectorate
British Sierra Leone
Colonial Nigeria
British Togoland (1916–56, today part of Ghana)
Cameroons (1922–61, now part of Cameroon and Nigeria)
Gold Coast (British colony) (now Ghana)
Nyasaland (now Malawi)
Basutoland (now Lesotho)
Swaziland (now Eswatini)
St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Poland–Lithuania

St. Andrews Island (in the Gambia)

Denmark–Norway

Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Dutch colonial empire

Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
Dutch Cape Colony
Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
Gorée (Senegal)
Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
São Tomé
South Africa
Mauritius

French colonial empire

File:Map_of_Africa_(2674833839).jpg

French North Africa
French Algeria (1830-1962; was administered as an integral part of France itself from 1848)
French Protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956)
French Protectorate of Morocco (1912–1956)
Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) (administration given by the UNO after its conquest by Charles de Gaulle)
Egypt (ownership 1798–1801; Condominium of France and the United Kingdom 1876–1882){{cite web |title=Centenaire de l'Entente cordiale : les accords franco-britanniques de 1904 |url=http://www.minefe.gouv.fr/fonds_documentaire/notes_bleues/nbb/nbb270/entente_cordiale.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004005739/http://www.minefe.gouv.fr/fonds_documentaire/notes_bleues/nbb/nbb270/entente_cordiale.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-04 |access-date=2011-08-29 |language=fr}}

File:Mission_Foureau-Lamy.jpg military expedition sent out from Algiers in 1898 to conquer the Chad Basin and unify all French territories in West Africa.]]

French West Africa
Ivory Coast (1843–1960)
Dahomey or French Dahomey (now Benin) (1883–1960)
Independent of Dahomey, under French protectorate in 1889
Porto-Novo (protectorate) (1863–1865, 1882)
Cotonou (protectorate) (1868)
French Sudan (now Mali) (1883–1960)
Senegambia and Niger (1902–1904)
Guinea or French Guinea (1891–1958)
Mauritania (1902–1960)
Adrar emirate (protectorate) (1909)
The Taganit confederation's emirate (protectorate) (1905)
Brakna confederation's emirate (protectorate)
Emirate of Trarza (protectorate) (1902)
Niger (1890–1960)
Sultanate of Damagaram (Zinder) (protectorate) (1899)
Senegal (1677–1960)
French Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) (1896–1960)
French Togoland (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, mandate became a French colony) (now Togo)
Nigeria
The Enclaves of Forcados and Badjibo (territory under a lease of 30 years) (1900–1927)
The Emirate of Muri (Northeast of Nigeria) (1892–1893)
Gambia
Albreda (1681–1857)
Kunta Kinteh Island (1695–1697, 1702)