List of Pacific hurricane records
{{Short description|None}}
{{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=January 2013}}
File:Patricia_2015-10-23_1730Z.jpg shortly after reaching its record peak intensity on October 23, 2015, while approaching Western Mexico]]
This is a list of notable Pacific hurricanes, subdivided by reason for notability. Notability means that it has met some criterion or achieved some statistic, or is part of a top ten for some superlative. It includes lists and rankings of Pacific hurricanes by different characteristics and impacts.
Characteristics include extremes of location, such as the northernmost or most equator-ward formation or position of a tropical cyclone. Other characteristics include its central pressure, windspeed, category on the Saffir–Simpson scale, cyclogenesis outside of a normal hurricane season's timeframe, or storms that remain unnamed despite forming after tropical cyclone naming began in 1960. Another characteristic is how long a system lasted from formation to dissipation. These include the cost of damage, the number of casualties, as well as meteorological statistics such as rainfall point maximum, wind speed, and minimum pressure.
Impact
=Retired names=
{{Main|List of retired Pacific hurricane names}}
The following names have been retired in the East Pacific (in chronological order): Hazel, Adele, Fico, Knut, Iva, Fefa, Ismael, Pauline, Adolph, Israel, Kenna, Alma, Manuel, Odile, Isis, Patricia,{{Cite book |access-date=August 8, 2024 |author=Landsea, Christopher |author2=Dorst, Neal |author3=Free, James Lewis |author4=Delgado, Sandy |publisher=United States Hurricane Research Division |date=June 20, 2014 |chapter=Subject: B3) What storm names have been retired? |title=Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Questions |chapter-url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B3.html |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240524033148/https://www.webcitation.org/75DxSlowj?url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B3.html |archive-date=May 24, 2024}} Dora, Otis,{{Cite news|date=March 20, 2024|title=WMO Hurricane Committee retires the names Otis and Dora from the eastern North Pacific basin name list |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/wmo-hurricane-committee-retires-names-otis-and-dora-from-eastern-north-pacific-basin-name-list|access-date=August 8, 2024|publisher=World Meteorological Organization}} and John.
In addition, the following names have been retired in the Central Pacific (in chronological order): Iwa, Iniki, Paka, and Ioke.
From the lists above, the names Hazel and Adele were retired for unclear reasons.{{cite web|url=http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TCP/MEETING/RA%20IV%20HC-XXIII/OP-TCP30-2000for%20DOC6.doc |title=WMO Technical Document |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |format=DOC/HTML |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529232843/http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TCP/MEETING/RA%20IV%20HC-XXIII/OP-TCP30-2000for%20DOC6.doc |archive-date=May 29, 2005 }} Also, the names Adolph, Israel, and Isis were retired because of political considerations. In particular, the name Isis was pre-emptively removed in 2015 from the list of names for 2016 after being deemed inappropriate because of the eponymous militant group.{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/egyptNews/idAFL5N0XE32O20150417|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417230737/http://af.reuters.com/article/egyptNews/idAFL5N0XE32O20150417|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2015|title='Isis' among names removed from UN list of hurricane names|date=April 17, 2015|work=Reuters|access-date=April 17, 2015}}
=Historically significant tropical cyclones, pre 1960=
=Deadliest tropical cyclones=
{{Deadliest Pacific hurricanes|align=none}}
=Costliest tropical cyclones=
File:Impacto del huracán Otis en México - Boulevard de las Naciones - 2.jpg]]
The following tropical cyclones have caused at least $500 million in damage, according to various sources. Tropical cyclones listed here are listed with the value from the source providing the highest value. Due to source variation and inconsistency, sources may state damage totals lower than what is listed, or even lower than the $500 million threshold.
{{Costliest Pacific hurricanes|align=none}}
Seasonal activity and records
In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's (CPHC) area of responsibility (AOR), the season with the most tropical cyclones is the 2015 season with 16 cyclones forming in or entering the region. A season without cyclones has happened a few times since 1966, most recently in 1979.{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/|title=Previous Tropical Systems in the Central Pacific|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=2007-12-31}}
=Highest=
File:1992 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png, the busiest ever recorded]]
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Year ! scope="col" colspan=3 | NHC's AOR ! scope="col" colspan=3 | CPHC's AOR ! scope="col" colspan=3 |Total |
scope="col" | Tropical storms ! scope="col" | Hurricanes ! scope="col" | Major ! scope="col" | Tropical ! scope="col" | Hurricanes ! scope="col" | Major ! scope="col" | Tropical ! scope="col" | Hurricanes ! scope="col" | Major |
---|
scope="row" | 1992 season
| 24 || 14 || 8 || 3 || 2 || 2 || 27 || 16 || 10 |
scope="row" | 2015 season
| 18 || 13 || 10 || 8 || 3 || 1 || 26 || 16 || 11 |
scope="row" | 1985 season
| 22 || 12 || 8 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 24 || 14 || 8 |
scope="row" |2018 season
| 22 || 12 || 9 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 23 || 13 || 10 |
scope="row" | 1982 season
| 19 || 11 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 23 || 12 || 5 |
scope="row" | 2014 season
| 20 || 15 || 7 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 22 || 16 || 9 |
scope="row" | 2016 season
| 20 || 12 || 5 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 22 || 13 || 6 |
scope="row" | 1984 season
| 18 || 12 || 6 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 21 || 13 || 7 |
scope="row" | 1983 season
| 21 || 12 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 21 || 12 || 8 |
scope="row" | 1990 season
| 20 || 16 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 21 || 16 || 6 |
=Lowest=
File:2010 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png, the lowest ever recorded]]
Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,{{cite web|author1=Michelle Mainelli |author2=Jamie Rhome |author3=Eric Blake |author4=Daniel Brown |name-list-style=amp |publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=2007-08-01|title=Tropical Weather Summary|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/tws/MIATWSEP_jul.shtml?|access-date=2007-12-23}} and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.{{cite web|url=http://www.australiansevereweather.com.au/cyclones/2001/summ0008.htm|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2000|author=Gary Padgett|access-date=2007-12-23}} Intensity estimates are most reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two factors make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year. For these reasons, seasons prior to 1971 are not included.
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Year ! scope="col" colspan=3 | NHC's AOR ! scope="col" colspan=3 | CPHC's AOR ! scope="col" colspan=3 | Total |
scope="col" | Tropical storms ! scope="col" | Hurricanes ! scope="col" | Major ! scope="col" | Tropical ! scope="col" | Hurricanes ! scope="col" | Major ! scope="col" | Tropical ! scope="col" | Hurricanes ! scope="col" | Major |
---|
scope="row" | 2010 season
| 7 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 8 || 3 || 2 |
scope="row" | 1977 season
| 8 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 8 || 4 || 0 |
scope="row" | 1996 season
| 9 || 5 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 9 || 5 || 2 |
scope="row" | 1999 season
| 9 || 6 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 9 || 6 || 2 |
scope="row" | 1995 season
| 10 || 7 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 10 || 7 || 3 |
scope="row" | 1979 season
| 10 || 6 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 10 || 6 || 4 |
=Earliest storm formation by number=
class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto;" |
colspan="5" style="background:#ccf;" | Earliest and next earliest forming Pacific tropical{{\}}subtropical storms by storm number |
---|
rowspan="2" | Storm number ! colspan="2" | Earliest ! colspan="2" | Next earliest |
Name
! Date of formation ! Name ! Date of formation |
| 1
| Pali | January 7, 2016 | Winona{{cite report |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1989atcr.pdf |title=1989 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report |author=Ryan R. Shultz |year=1990 |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |location=Guam |pages=32–36 |access-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221101605/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1989atcr.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2013 |url-status=dead |section=Tropical Storm Winona (01W)}} | January 13, 1989 |
style="text-align:center;" | 2
| Hali | March 29, 1992 | Bud | May 22, 2012 |
style="text-align:center;" | 3
| Agatha | June 2, 1992 | Connie | June 8, 1974 |
style="text-align:center;" | 4
| Four | June 12, 1956 | Dolores | June 14, 1974 |
style="text-align:center;" | 5
| Celia | June 23, 1992 | Enrique | June 25, 2021 |
style="text-align:center;" | 6
| Fabio | July 1, 2018 | Fefa{{efn|name=FabioFaustoFefaNote|Hurricane Fausto in 1984, Tropical Storm Fefa in 1985 and Hurricane Darby in 1992, the 6th named storm of their seasons, all became tropical storms on July 3. However, Fefa did so at 0000 UTC, whereas Darby did so at 1200 UTC and Fausto did so at 1800 UTC.}} | July 3, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 7
| July 7, 1984 | July 8, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 8
| Enrique | July 13, 2015 | Frank | July 14, 1992 |
style="text-align:center;" | 9
| July 15, 1992 | Ignacio{{efn|name=IgnacioIselleNote|Both Hurricane Ignacio in 1985 and Hurricane Iselle in 1990, the 9th named storm of their seasons, became tropical storms on July 21. However, Ignacio did so at 0600 UTC, whereas Iselle did so at 1200 UTC.}} | July 21, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 10
| Jimena | July 21, 1985 | Howard | July 27, 1992 |
style="text-align:center;" | 11
| Isis | July 28, 1992 | Kevin | July 29, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 12
| Linda | July 31, 1985 | Javier | August 2, 1992 |
style="text-align:center;" | 13
| Marty | August 7, 1985 | Lowell | August 18, 2014 |
style="text-align:center;" | 14
| Lester | August 20, 1992 | Nora | August 21, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 15
| Olaf | August 24, 1985 | Jimena | August 27, 2015 |
style="text-align:center;" | 16
| Newton | August 28, 1992 | Pauline{{efn|name=PaulineSkipNote|Both Pauline and Skip became tropical storms at 0000 UTC on August 31, 1985.}} | August 31, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 17
| Skip{{Specify|date=July 2024|reason=Skip is not listed in HURDAT.}}{{efn|name=PaulineSkipNote}} | August 31, 1985 | Orlene | September 3, 1992 |
style="text-align:center;" | 18
| Rick | September 2, 1985 | Iniki | September 8, 1992 |
style="text-align:center;" | 19
| Sandra | September 7, 1985 | Paine | September 11, 1992 |
style="text-align:center;" | 20
| Roslyn | September 14, 1992 | Terry | September 16, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 21
| Seymour | September 18, 1992{{efn|name=SeymourTinaNote|Although Seymour and Tina both became tropical storms on September 18, 1992, Seymour did so at 0000 UTC, whereas Tina did so at 1800 UTC.}} | Vivian | September 20, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 22
| Tina | September 18, 1992{{efn|name=SeymourTinaNote}} | Waldo | October 7, 1985 |
style="text-align:center;" | 23
| Virgil | October 1, 1992 | Olaf | October 17, 2015 |
style="text-align:center;" | 24
| Winifred | October 7, 1992 | Patricia | October 21, 2015 |
style="text-align:center;" | 25
| Xavier | October 14, 1992 | Rick | November 19, 2015 |
style="text-align:center;" | 26
| Yolanda | October 16, 1992 | Sandra | November 24, 2015 |
style="text-align:center;" | 27
| Zeke | October 26, 1992 | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | {{resize|Earliest formation by virtue of |
=Naming history=
File:Oho 2015-10-06 2310Z.jpg, the eighth system to receive a central Pacific name in 2015]]
Naming of tropical cyclones in the eastern north Pacific began in the 1960 season. That year, four lists of names were created. The plan was to proceed in a manner similar to that of the western Pacific; that is, the name of the first storm in one season would be the next unused one from the same list, and when the bottom of one list was reached the next list was started. This scheme was abandoned in 1965 and next year, the lists started being recycled on a four-year rotation, starting with the A name each year.{{cite web|url=http://www.atwc.org/pachist.txt|title=Untitled|publisher=Atlantic Tropical Weather Center|access-date=2007-12-29}} That same general scheme remains in use today, although the names and lists are different. On average, the eastern north Pacific sees about sixteen named storms per year.{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2006/pachurricanes06.html|date=2006-12-06|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|title=Climate of 2006 East Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2006-12-29}}
=Named storms per month=
File:Darby, Estelle, Frank and Eight 2016-07-22 0000Z.jpgs during the 2016 season]]
Specific seasonal data in the Eastern Pacific basin was first compiled in 1949.{{EPAC hurricane best track}} Therefore, seasons before 1949 are excluded from the "Most named" column.
Also, before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966, and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records. Intensity estimates are more reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year. For these reasons, seasons before 1971 are not included in the "Least named" column.
† Shared by more than five seasons.
Source:{{EPAC hurricane best track}}
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Month !! colspan=2 |Most named !! colspan=2 |Least named | ||
scope="col" | Number
! scope="col" | Season | scope="col" | Number | scope="col" | Season |
---|---|---|
scope="row" | Pre-season
| 2 || 1992 || 0 || Many† | ||
scope="row" | Late May | ||
scope="row" | June | ||
scope="row" | July | ||
scope="row" | August | ||
scope="row" | September
| 6 || Many†{{efn|1957, 1966, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2005, and 2019}} || 1 || 1979 | ||
scope="row" | October | ||
scope="row" | November
| 2 || Many†{{efn|1972, 2006, 2015, 2016, 2020, and 2021}} || 0 || Many† | ||
scope="row" | Post-season |
Off-season storms
{{main|List of off-season Pacific hurricanes}}
File:Ekeka feb 2 1992 0221Z.jpg formed in January and became a major hurricane.]]
The Pacific hurricane season runs from May 15 to November 30.{{cite web|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|work=FAQ|title=Tropical Cyclone Climatology|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/FAQ/Climatology.php|access-date=2007-11-25}} Only systems that develop or enter during the off-season are included. The earliest off-season storm is Pali in 2016 whilst the latest off-season storm was Nine-C during 2015.
†Entered the basin on this date
Unnamed storms
{{main|List of unnamed tropical cyclones}}
File:Unnamed Hurricane (1975).PNG
Tropical cyclones have received official names in the Eastern and Central Pacific beginning in 1960. Since then, 6 tropical storms or hurricanes have formed that did not receive a storm name. (Note: The "2006 Central Pacific cyclone" is excluded, as its status has never been officially determined.)
Strength
=Category 5=
{{Main|List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes}}
Since 1959, 20 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 5 intensity. The only one to make landfall while at this intensity was Otis in 2023.{{EPAC hurricane best track}}
=Category 4=
{{main|List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes}}
Since 1900, 141 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 4 intensity, of which five made landfall at that strength.{{EPAC hurricane best track}}
=Category 3=
{{main|List of Category 3 Pacific hurricanes}}
Since 1970, 86 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 3 intensity, of which three made landfall at that strength.{{EPAC hurricane best track}}
Duration records
File:Tina 1992-09-30 1801Z.png, the longest-lasting Pacific hurricane east of the International Date Line]]
This lists all Pacific hurricanes that existed as tropical cyclones while in the Pacific Ocean east of the dateline for more than two weeks continuously. Hurricanes John and Dora spent some time in the west Pacific before dissipating. John spent eleven days west of the dateline; if that time was included John would have existed for a total of 30 days and 18 hours, while including Dora's time in the west Pacific would mean that it existed for 18 days. One Atlantic hurricane, Hurricane Joan, crossed into this basin and was renamed Miriam, giving it a total lifespan of 22 days,{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} but not all of that was in the Pacific. 1993's Greg formed from the remnants of Tropical Storm Bret (1993). Its time as an Atlantic system is excluded.
All of these systems except Trudy, Olaf, and Connie existed in both the east and central Pacific, and all except Olaf were hurricanes. Hurricane Trudy of 1990 is thus the longest lived eastern Pacific hurricane to stay in the eastern Pacific. Tropical Storm Olaf of 1997 is hence the longest-lived eastern Pacific tropical cyclone not to reach hurricane intensity.
No known tropical cyclone forming in the central north Pacific lasted for longer than 14 days without crossing into another basin. The tropical cyclone forming in the central Pacific that spent the most time there was Hurricane Ana (2014) at 12.75 days from formation to extratropical transition.{{cite report|author=Jeff Powell|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ana|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2014/Final-CP022014_Ana_Final.docx|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|date=July 17, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2015|location=Honolulu, Hawaii|format=DOC}}{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/FAQ/Tropical_Cyclone_Records.php|title=Tropical Cyclone Records|publisher=National Hurricane Center & Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=2007-12-30|work=FAQ}}
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Rank ! scope="col" | Duration (days) ! scope="col" | Name !! scope="col" | Season | |
1
| scope="row" | 24.50 | Tina || 1992 | |
---|---|
2
| scope="row" | 20.00 | Fico || 1978 | |
3
| scope="row" | 19.00 | John || 1994 | |
4
| scope="row" | 17.50 | Kevin || 1991 | |
5
| scope="row" | 16.75 | Trudy || 1990 | |
rowspan=2| 6
| 16.50 | Guillermo || 1997 | |
16.50
| Olaf | 1997 |
rowspan=3| 8
| 16.25 | Celeste || 1972 | |
16.25
| Doreen | 1973 |
16.25
| Kenneth | 2005 |
11
| scope="row" | 16.00 | Daniel || 1982 | |
12
| scope="row" | 15.25 | Connie || 1974 | |
rowspan=2| 13
| 14.50 | Jimena || 2015 | |
14.50
| Darby | 2016 |
rowspan=5| 15
| 14.00 | Marie || 1990 | |
14.00
| Greg | 1993 |
14.00
| Dora | 1999 |
14.00
| Lane | 2018 |
14.00
| Olivia | 2018 |
Before the weather satellite era began, the lifespans of many Pacific hurricanes may be underestimated.
Crossover storms
=From Atlantic to Eastern Pacific=
{{See also|List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes}}
File:Tracks of Atlantic-Pacific crossover storms.png
This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.
It used to be that when a Pacific named storm crossed North America and made it to the Atlantic (or vice versa), it would receive the next name on the respective basin's list. However, in 2000 this policy was changed so that a tropical cyclone will keep its name if it remains a tropical cyclone during the entire passage. Only if it dissipates and then re-forms does it get renamed.{{cite web|work=FAQ|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B5.html|author=Chris Landsea|title=Subject: B5) What happens to the name of a tropical cyclone if it moves from the Atlantic regions to the Northeast Pacific, or vice versa?|access-date=2007-11-28}}
=From Eastern Pacific to Atlantic=
{{See also|List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes}}
This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Season ! scope="col" | Storm (Pacific) ! scope="col" | Storm (Atlantic) ! scope="col" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row" | 1842
| Unnamed | Unnamed | {{cite web|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/050/mwr-050-06-0295.pdf|title=Tropical Cyclones in the Northeast Pacific, Between Hawaii and Mexico|author=Stephen Visher|work=Monthly Weather Review|publisher=American Meteorological Society|pages=296|date=June 1922|access-date=2007-11-25}} |
---|
scope="row" | 1902
| Unnumbered tropical depression | Four |
scope="row" | 1923
| Unnamed | Six |
scope="row" | 1949
| Unnumbered tropical depression | Eleven |
scope="row" | 2010
| Eleven-E | Hermine |
=From Eastern Pacific to Western Pacific=
File:Tracks of East-West Pacific crossover storms.png
Neither eastern Pacific tropical cyclones passing 140°W, nor central Pacific tropical cyclones crossing the dateline, are notable events. However, very few eastern Pacific proper cyclones that enter the central Pacific make it to the dateline.
{{dagger}} System ceased to be a tropical cyclone and regenerated at least once during its life span.
‡ System formed in the eastern Pacific, but was not named until it crossed into the central Pacific.
In addition, Hurricane Jimena of 2003 is recognized per NHC, CPHC and JTWC as a storm that existed in all three areas of responsibility, but isn't recognized by the JMA as an official western Pacific tropical cyclone.{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2003jimena.shtml?|author=Richard B. Pasch|date=2003-12-18|title=Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Jimena|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2007-12-25}}{{cite web|author=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=August 15, 2016|title=CPHC Rebest 1966-2003|url=ftp://eclipse.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/ibtracs/original-bt-data-files/cphc/CPHC_Rebest_1966-2003-1.xls|format=XLS}}{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=August 15, 2016|title=JMA Best Track Data|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html|format=TXT}}
=From Western Pacific to Central Pacific=
File:Tracks of West-Central Pacific crossover storms.png
Tropical cyclones crossing from the western Pacific to the central Pacific are fairly rare, and this has happened only ten times. Of those ten times, six of them were storms which crossed the dateline twice; from the western to the central pacific and back (or vice versa). No tropical cyclone from the western Pacific has ever traveled east of 140°W.
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Season ! scope="col" | Name ! scope="col" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row" | 1958
| June{{dagger}} |
---|
scope="row" | 1959
| Patsy{{dagger}} |
scope="row" | 1968
| Virginia |
scope="row" | 1980
| Carmen{{dagger}} | {{cite report|author=Pao-Shin Chu|author2=Peng Wu|publisher=University of Hawaii-Manoa|year=2008|access-date=August 2, 2015|title=Climatic Atlas of Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Central North Pacific|url=http://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/czm/initiative/hazard/climatic_atlas_of_tropical_cyclone.pdf}} |
scope="row" | 1984
| Moke |
scope="row" | 1985
| Skip{{dagger}} |
scope="row" | 1994
| John{{dagger}}* |
scope="row" | 1996
| Seventeen-W{{dagger}} |
scope="row" | 2000
| Wene |
scope="row" | 2010
| Omeka |
{{dagger}} System crossed the dateline twice.
=From Central Pacific to Eastern Pacific=
File:Tracks of Central-East Pacific crossover storms.png
Tropical cyclones crossing from the eastern Pacific to the central Pacific are routine; ones going the other way are not. That event has happened four times.
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Season ! scope="col" | Name ! scope="col" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row" | 1975
| Unnamed |
---|
scope="row" | 1982
| Ema |
scope="row" | 2015
| Olaf{{dagger}} |
scope="row" | 2016
| Ulika{{dagger}} |
{{dagger}} System crossed 140°W more than once.
In addition to these, an unofficial cyclone formed on October 30, 2006 in the central Pacific subtropics. It eventually developed an eye-like structure.{{cite web | publisher = NASA | title = Subtropical Storm off the Coast of Oregon | date = November 2, 2006 | access-date = 2007-12-11 | url = http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13951 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081026172004/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13951 | archive-date = October 26, 2008 }} Its track data indicates that it crossed from the central to the east Pacific because it formed at longitude 149°W and dissipated at 135°W.{{cite web|url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2007/trak0611.htm|title=Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks - November 2006|author1=Gary Padgett |author2=Karl Hoarau |name-list-style=amp|access-date=2007-12-28}} NASA, which is not a meteorological organization, called this system a subtropical cyclone, and the Naval Research Laboratory Monterey had enough interest in it to call it 91C. The system has also been called extratropical.{{cite web|url=http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/storm06.html |title=2006 Atlantic Hurricane Season Review |publisher=Canadian Hurricane Center |access-date=2007-12-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726014055/http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/storm06.html |archive-date=2007-07-26 }} This cyclone is unofficial because it is not included in the seasonal reports of either Regional Specialized Meteorological Center.{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2006epac.shtml|title=2006 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2007-12-28}}
Intensity records
=Ten most intense=
File:Linda 1997-09-12 1700Z.jpg, the second most intense Pacific hurricane on record]]
==Per lowest central pressure==
The apparent increase in recent seasons is spurious; it is due to better estimation and measurement, not an increase in intense storms. That is, until 1988, Pacific hurricanes generally did not have their central pressures measured or estimated from satellite imagery.
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Rank ! scope="col" | Hurricane ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Pressure | |
1
| scope="row" | Patricia | |
---|---|
2
| scope="row" | Linda | 1997 || 902 mbar* | |
3
| scope="row" | Rick | 2009 || 906 mbar* | |
4
| scope="row" | Kenna | 2002 || 913 mbar{{Double-dagger}} | |
rowspan=2| 5
| scope="row" | Ava | 1973 || 915 mbar{{Dagger}} | |
scope="row" | Ioke
| 2006 | 915 mbar* |
rowspan=2| 7
| scope="row" | Marie | rowspan=2| 2014 || 918 mbar* | |
scope="row" | Odile
| 918 mbar{{Double-dagger}} | |
9
| scope="row" | Guillermo | 1997 || 919 mbar* | |
10
| scope="row" | Gilma | 1994 || 920 mbar* |
{{Double-dagger}} Measured and adjusted
{{Dagger}} Measured
~ Pressure while East of the International Date Line
==Per highest sustained winds==
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Rank ! scope="col" | Hurricane ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Winds | |
1
| scope="row" | Patricia | |
---|---|
2
| scope="row" | Linda | 1997 || 185 mph; 295 km/h | |
3
| scope="row" | Rick | 2009 || 180 mph; 285 km/h | |
rowspan=2| 4
| scope="row" | Patsy | 1959 || 175 mph; 280 km/h | |
scope="row" | John
| 1994 | 175 mph; 280 km/h |
rowspan=2| 6
| scope="row" | Kenna | 2002 || 165 mph; 270 km/h | |
scope="row" | Otis
| 2023 | 165 mph; 270 km/h |
=Strongest storm in each month=
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure unless the pressure is not known, in which case intensity is measured by maximum sustained winds.
class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Month ! scope="col" | Name !! scope="col" | Year !! scope="col" | Minimum pressure !! scope="col" | Maximum winds | Classification |
{{sort|01|January}}
| Pali || 2016 || 977 mb (hPa) || {{convert|85|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" | {{sort|1|Category 2}} | |
---|---|
{{sort|02|February}}
| Ekeka{{Dagger}} || 1992 || ≤ 985 mb (hPa) ||{{convert|100|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" | {{sort|1|Category 3}} | |
{{sort|03|March}}
| Hali{{Dagger}} || 1992 || 1005 mb (hPa) || {{convert|45|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="#00faf4" | {{sort|1|Tropical storm}} | |
{{sort|04|April}}
| Carmen{{Dagger}} || 1980 || unknown mb (hPa) || {{convert|45|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="#00faf4" | {{sort|1|Tropical storm}} | |
{{sort|05|May}}
| Amanda || 2014 || 932 mb (hPa) || {{convert|135|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat4}}" | {{sort|5|Category 4}} | |
{{sort|06|June}}
| Ava || 1973 || 915 mb (hPa) || {{convert|140|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat5}}" | {{sort|6|Category 5}} | |
{{sort|07|July}}
| Gilma || 1994 || 920 mb (hPa) || {{convert|140|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat5}}" | {{sort|6|Category 5}} | |
{{sort|08|August}}
| Ioke || 2006 || 915 mb (hPa) || {{convert|140|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat5}}" | {{sort|6|Category 5}} | |
{{sort|09|September}}
| Linda || 1997 || 902 mb (hPa) || {{convert|160|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat5}}" | {{sort|6|Category 5}} | |
{{sort|10|October}}
| Patricia || 2015 || 872 mb (hPa) || {{convert|185|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat5}}" | {{sort|6|Category 5}} | |
{{sort|11|November}}
| Sandra || 2015 || 934 mb (hPa) || {{convert|130|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat4}}" | {{sort|5|Category 4}} | |
{{sort|12|December}}
| Omeka || 2010 || 997 mb (hPa) || {{convert|45|knots|mph km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=out}} || bgcolor="#00faf4" | {{sort|1|Tropical storm}} |
{{Dagger}} This tropical cyclone is the strongest to form in its month by virtue of its being the only known system.
=Strongest landfalling storms=
File:Hurricane Kenna 24 oct 2002 1750Z.jpg of 2002 is the fourth strongest landfalling Pacific hurricane on record]]
{{Most intense landfalling Pacific hurricanes|align=left}}
{{clear}}
Unusual landfall locations
= California =
{{See also|List of California hurricanes}}
- After October or before June, 1854 – A system considered a tropical cyclone makes landfall just north of the Golden Gate.
- October 2, 1858 – A hurricane makes a direct hit on Southern California before dissipating. The hurricane may or may not have made landfall in San Diego County, due to uncertainty in the track reconstruction. San Diego experienced hurricane-force winds, with torrential rainfall recorded all across Southern California.
- After October or before June, 1859 – A system considered a tropical cyclone makes landfall between Cape Mendocino and San Francisco Bay.
- September 25, 1939 – The 1939 California tropical storm makes landfall in San Pedro, California, killing 45{{cite web|work=Monthly Weather Review|author=Willis E. Hurd|title=North Pacific Ocean, 1939|publisher=American Meteorological Society|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/067/mwr-067-09-0356.pdf|pages=357–8|date=September 1939|access-date=2007-12-13}} to 93 people.{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/document/weatherhistory.pdf|title=A History of Significant Weather Events in Southern California|date=February 2010|publisher=National Weather Service Forecast Office San Diego|pages=14|access-date=22 January 2016}}
- September 6, 1972 – Tropical Depression Hyacinth makes landfall.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1972/HYACINTH/track.gif|title=Hurricane HYACINTH|format=GIF|publisher=Unisys|access-date=2007-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103234848/http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1972/HYACINTH/track.gif|archive-date=2007-01-03|url-status=dead}}
- September 6, 1978 – Tropical Depression Norman makes landfall.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1978/NORMAN/track.gif|title=Hurricane NORMAN|publisher=Unisys|format=GIF|access-date=2007-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102115718/http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1978/NORMAN/track.gif|archive-date=2007-01-02|url-status=dead}}
= Hawaii =
{{See also|List of Hawaii hurricanes}}
File:Iniki 1992-09-11 2331.png]]
- August 9, 1871 - Indigenous sources suggest that a Category 3 hurricane struck the Big Island and Maui.{{cite journal |last = Businger |first = Steven |author2 = M. P. Nogelmeier |author3 = P. W. U. Chinn |author4 = T. Schroeder |title = Hurricane with a History: Hawaiian Newspapers Illuminate an 1871 Storm |journal = Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. |volume = 99 |issue = 1 |pages = 137–47 |date = 2018 |doi = 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0333.1 |bibcode = 2018BAMS...99..137B |url = https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/64849/noaa_64849_DS1.pdf }}
- August 7, 1958 – A tropical storm makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1958/7/track.gif|title=Tropical Storm #7|format=GIF|publisher=Unisys|access-date=2007-12-24}}
- August 7, 1959 – Hurricane Dot makes landfall on Kauai.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1959/DOT/track.gif|title=Hurricane DOT|format=GIF|publisher=Unisys|access-date=2007-12-24}}
- October 20, 1983 – Tropical Depression Raymond makes landfall on Molokai, Oahu, and Kauai.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1983/RAYMOND/track.gif|title=Hurricane RAYMOND|format=GIF|publisher=Unisys|access-date=2007-12-24}}
- August 3, 1988 – Tropical Depression Gilma makes landfall on Maui and Molokai.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1988/GILMA/track.gif|title=Tropical Storm GILMA|format=GIF|publisher=Unisys|access-date=2007-12-24}}
- September 11, 1992 – Hurricane Iniki makes landfall on Kauai, killing six throughout the islands.
- September 14, 1992 – Tropical Depression Orlene makes landfall on the Big Island.
- July 24, 1993 – Tropical Depression Eugene makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1993/EUGENE/track.gif|title=Hurricane EUGENE|format=GIF|publisher=Unisys|access-date=2007-12-24}}
- August 8, 2014 – Tropical Storm Iselle makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii, killing one on Kauai.{{cite web|title=Tropical Storm Iselle makes landfall on Hawaii|url=http://www.foxnews.com/weather/2014/08/07/hawaii-braces-for-first-hurricane-since-12/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807203117/http://www.foxnews.com/weather/2014/08/07/hawaii-braces-for-first-hurricane-since-12/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 7, 2014|website=Fox News|access-date=24 July 2016}}
- July 24, 2016 – Tropical Storm Darby makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii.{{cite web|title=Hawaii battered by Tropical Storm Darby|url=http://news.re-publish.com/741117/hawaii-battered-by-tropical-storm-darby|website=Republish News|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=24 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190111/http://news.re-publish.com/741117/hawaii-battered-by-tropical-storm-darby|archive-date=9 September 2017|url-status=dead}}
- September 12, 2018 – Tropical Storm Olivia makes landfall on Maui and Lanai.{{cite web|title=Tropical Storm Olivia makes landfall in Hawaii|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/12/us/olivia-hawaii-wxc/index.html|website=CNN News|date=12 September 2018 |publisher=CNN|access-date=21 October 2018}}
Wettest tropical cyclones
{{See also|List of wettest tropical cyclones by country}}
All of these values are point maxima.
=Mexico=
{{See also|Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology}}
File:Juliette 2001 rainfall.gif]]
=Hawaii=
{{See also|United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology}}
File:Lane 2018-08-21 2350Z.jpg]]
{{Wettest tropical cyclones in Hawaii|align=none}}
=Continental United States=
{{See also|United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology}}
File:Tico 1983-10-18 2030Z.png]]
=Overall=
File:Juliette 2001-09-25 1800Z.png]]
Worldwide cyclone records set by Pacific storms
- Highest official wind speed ever recorded in a tropical cyclone: Hurricane Patricia with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|215|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}.{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 23, 2015|access-date=October 23, 2015|title=Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2015/ep20/ep202015.discus.014.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}
- Fastest intensification (1-minute sustained surface winds): Hurricane Patricia 55 m/s (120 mph, 105 kt, 195 km/h), from 40 m/s (85 mph, 75 kt, 140 km/h) to 95 m/s (205 mph, 180 kt, 335 km/h) in under 24 h{{cite report|author1=Todd B. Kimberlain |author2=Eric S. Blake |author3=John P. Cangialosi |name-list-style=amp |publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 1, 2016|access-date=February 4, 2016|title=Hurricane Patricia|series=Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP202015_Patricia}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}
- Farthest-travelling tropical cyclone: Hurricane John travelled for 13,180 km.{{cite web|author=Dorst, Neal |year=2004 |title=What is the farthest a tropical cyclone has traveled? |publisher=NOAA |work=NOAA Tropical cyclone FAQ |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E7.html |access-date=May 22, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506175506/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E7.html |archive-date=May 6, 2009 }}{{cite web|url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/tropical-cyclone-longest-distance-traveled-tropical-cyclone|title=Tropical Cyclone: Longest Distance Traveled by Tropical Cyclone|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=9 March 2023}}
- Tropical cyclone at Category 4 or 5 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale for the longest: Hurricane Ioke was at that intensity for 198 consecutive hours.{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2006.php|title=The 2006 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=28 November 2007|archivedate=29 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329025229/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2006.php|url-status=dead}}
See also
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist|group=nb}}