List of airline mergers and acquisitions
{{Short description|Mergers}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2017}}
This article lists airline mergers and acquisitions, with a brief history of each:
- 2007 - Merged with Indian Airlines.{{cite news |last1=Choudhury |first1=Gaurav |last2=Saha |first2=Samiran |title=Air-India, Indian Airlines merger complete |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/air-india-indian-airlines-merger-complete/story-4znx8R9ZJo3GFAotNthKEN.html |access-date=Aug 24, 2007 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=Hindustan Times |publisher=Hindustan Times}} Kept Air India name.
- 2022 - Acquires Vistara
- 2006 - Acquired dba
- 2007 - Acquired LTU International
- 2009 - Acquired LGW
- 2009 - Acquired Belair
- 2011 - Acquired flyNiki
- 2017 - Filed for insolvency
- 2000 - Acquired Ansett Australia, Ansett collapsed, proving to be more of a drain than asset.
- 2000 - Acquired Canadian Airlines
- 1990 - Acquired Air Inter, fully absorbing it into Air France in April 1997
- 2004 - Merged with KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, changing the company name to Air France-KLM, although the two airlines still operate as separate airlines.
- 2010 - Acquired by Caribbean Airlines
- 1919 - Begins as SCADTA
- 1940 - Merged with SACO, retains Avianca name
- 1994 - Merged with SAM and Helicol
- 2003 - Acquired ACES Colombia' routes
- 2003 - Acquired OceanAir and VIP Ecuador
- 2008 - Acquired Tampa Cargo
- 2009 - Merged with TACA Airlines
- 2009 - Acquired AeroGal
- 2014 - Acquired AeroUnion, which continues to operate as a separate airline
- 2013 - Formed by merger of Aeroflot subsidiaries SAT Airlines and Vladivostok Air
- 1957 - Air Austria and Austrian Airways form Austrian Airlines
- 2002 - Merged Rheintalflug and Tyrolean Airways to Austrian Arrows
- 2013 - Merged with Lauda Air kept name
- 2010 - International Airlines Group (IAG) was formed by the merger of two airlines. Both carriers continued to operate under separate brand.
- As IAG
- 2011 - Acquired British Midland International
- 2012 - Acquired Vueling
- 2015 - Acquired Aer Lingus
- 2022 - Acquired 20% of Air Europa
- 2010 - Merged with Hemus Air kept the name Bulgaria Air
- 1987 - Formed by merger of Canadian Pacific Airlines, Eastern Provincial Airways, Nordair, and Pacific Western Airlines
- 1989 - Acquired Wardair
- 2001 - Canadian Airlines acquired by Air Canada
- 2019 - Acquired by First Air. Acquired the First Air brand kept the Canadian North name.
- 2010 - Acquired Air Jamaica
- 2006 - Acquired full ownership over Dragonair (rebranded to Cathay Dragon in 2016), which continued to operate as a separate airline until 2020, when it was folded into Cathay Pacific
- 2020 - Acquired Hong Kong Express
- 2008 - Acquired bankrupt Sterling Airlines to form Cimber Sterling.
- 2011 to 2021 - Attempted to create its own airline alliance, Etihad Airways Partners, through acquisition of minority stakes in several airlines: Air Berlin (29.21%, 2011) (filed bankruptcy, 2017), Air Seychelles (40%, 2012) (divested, 2021), Aer Lingus (2.987%, 2012), Virgin Australia (10%, 2012), Jat Airways (rebranded Air Serbia) (49%, 2013) (reduced to 18%, 2020), Jet Airways (24%, 2013) (filed bankruptcy, 2019), Darwin Airline (33.3%, 2013) (divested, 2017), Alitalia (49%, 2014) (filed bankruptcy, 2017), flyNiKi (49%, 2016) (filed bankruptcy, 2017)
- 2019 - Acquired Canadian North. Kept the First Air brand acquired the Canadian North name.
- 2004 - Acquired by Air France, which changed its company name to Air France-KLM, although the two airlines still operate as separate airlines
- 1979 - Flugfélag Íslands and Loftleiðir merged, and the airline became known as Icelandair.
- 1995 - Purchased Ladeco
- 2012 - Merged with TAM Linhas Aéreas to form LATAM Airlines Group
- 1955 - Created Deutsche Flugdienst GmbH in conjunction with other companies and subsequently owned 25.81% of it
- 1959 - Increased its shares in Deutsche Flugdienst to 95.5%. In 1961 Deutsche Flugdienst bought "Condor-Luftreederei“ renaming itself then "Condor Flugdienst GmbH"
- 1989 - Created SunExpress Airlines as a joint venture with Turkish Airlines
- 1995 - Transferred SunExpress shares over to Condor
- 1999 - Purchased 26% of Air Dolomiti
- 2003 - upped its stake to 51.9% (April) and then 100% (November) of Air Dolomiti
- 2006 - Lufthansa sold its remaining 50% stake in Condor to KarstadtQuelle AG
- 2007 - In conjunction with the sale of Condor, LH took back its shares of SunExpress
- 2005-2007 - Purchased Swiss Int'l Airlines
- 2008 - Purchased Austrian Airlines
- 2008 - Purchased BMI (Sold in 2011 to IAG (British Airways))
- 2008 - Acquired 45% of Brussels Airlines
- 2008 - Purchased 19% of Jetblue
- 2009 - Acquired 100% of Germanwings
- 2016 - Acquired remaining 55% of Brussels Airlines
- 2017 - Acquired Air Berlin
- 2023 - Agreement to purchase 41% of ITA Airways (successor of Alitalia)[https://www.aerotelegraph.com/lufthansa-steigt-bei-ita-airways-ein-und-macht-rom-zum-drehkreuz Lufthansa steigt bei ITA Airways ein und macht Rom zum Drehkreuz], AeroTELEGRAPH, May 25, 2023
- 2006 - Increases by merger with Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise
- 2016 - Increases by merger with Donavia and Orenair and re-brands
S7 Airlines (Siberia Airlines)
- 2001 - Acquired Vnukovo Airlines and Baikal Airlines
- 2004 - Acquired Enkor
- 2005 - Re-brands from Siberia Airlines to S7 Airlines and makes Moscow-Domodedovo as the main hub
- 2008 - Acquired Perm Airlines
- 1996 - Acquired Helisul Linhas Aéreas
- 1996 - Acquired LAPSA
- 1998 - Acquired Itapemirim Transportes Aéreos
- 2012 - Merged with LAN Airlines to form LATAM Airlines Group
- 2024 - Merged into Air India
{{flagicon|United States}} United States
- AirTran Airways
- 1997 - Bought by the holding company for ValuJet Airlines, the holding company merged their ValuJet airline into AirTran thus keeping the AirTran name
- 2011 - Bought by Southwest Airlines, AirTran fleet transferred to Southwest and thereby AirTran becomes an inactive subsidiary
- Alaska Airlines
- 1986 - Acquired Jet America Airlines
- 1986 - Acquired Horizon Air, which continues to operate as a separate airline
- 2018 - Acquired Virgin America. The merger made Alaska a dominant U.S. carrier in the West Coast.{{cite web|url=https://www.thecerbatgem.com/2016/12/15/alaska-airlines-and-virgin-america-begin-process-of-merging.html|title=Alaska Airlines And Virgin America Begin Process Of Merging|first=Teri|last=Schroder|date=15 December 2016|website=thecerbatgem.com}}
- 2024 - Acquired Hawaiian Airlines, both airlines will continue to operate as separate brands{{Cite web |last=Airlines |first=Alaska |date=2024-09-18 |title=Alaska Airlines completes acquisition of Hawaiian Airlines, expanding benefits and choice for travelers |url=https://news.alaskaair.com/company/alaska-airlines-completes-acquisition-of-hawaiian-airlines-expanding-benefits-and-choice-for-travelers/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=Alaska Airlines News |language=en-US}}
- America West Airlines
- 2005 - Acquired US Airways
- American Airlines
- 1971 - Acquired Trans Caribbean Airways
- 1987 - Acquired Air California{{cn|date=June 2024}}
- 1990 - Acquired the Eastern Air Lines' route network from Miami to Latin America and the Caribbean
- 1997 - Acquired Reno Air
- 2001 - Acquires most of Trans World Airlines assets after filing for bankruptcy{{Cite web |last=Road |first=The TWA Museum at 10 Richards |title=The TWA Museum at 10 Richards Road |url=https://twamuseum.org/history |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=The TWA Museum at 10 Richards Road |language=en-US}}
- 2013 - Acquired by US Airways, keeping the American Airlines name. Currently the world's largest carrier.
- 2019 - Purchased a 3% stake in China Southern Airlines
- Braniff International Airways
- 1982 - South American routes was purchased by Eastern Air Lines
- Continental Airlines
- 1934 - Begins as Varney Speed Lines
- 1982 - Acquired Texas International Airlines
- 1987 - Acquired People Express, Frontier, and New York Air
- 1987 - Acquired PBA and Britt Airways from People Express merger / created Continental Express
- 2010 - Merged into United Airlines, under the United name and the Continental brand
- Delta Air Lines
- 1924 - Started as Huff Daland Dusters
- 1928 - Huff Daland Dusters was purchased by C.E. Woolman and renamed Delta Air Service after the Mississippi Delta
- 1953 - Purchased the Chicago and Southern Air Lines, and flew under the name Delta C&S for the next two years until the summer of 1955{{Cite web |title=Chicago and Southern Air Lines (C&S) |url=https://www.deltamuseum.org/delta-history/family-tree/chicago-southern-air-lines |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=Delta Flight Museum}}
- 1972 - Purchased Northeast Airlines after Northeast was experiencing financial problems{{Cite web |title=Northeast Airlines |url=https://www.deltamuseum.org/delta-history/family-tree/northeast-airlines#:~:text=Company%20in%201965.-,Merger%20with%20Delta,and%20Northeast%20Airlines%20became%20effective. |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=Delta Flight Museum}}
- 1984 - Established the Delta Connection (ASA, Comair, Skywest, ...)
- 1987 - Merged with Western Airlines, at the time the oldest continuously operating airline in the United States{{Cite web |title=Western Airlines |url=https://www.deltamuseum.org/delta-history/family-tree/western-airlines |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=Delta Flight Museum}}
- 1991 - Purchase of Pan Am's European routes, and acquired Pan Am's shuttle, forming what is today Delta Shuttle
- 1996 - Delta Express began service, ended November 2003
- 2003 - Song began service, ended May 2006
- 2008 - Merged with Northwest Airlines, was world's largest carrier at time of merger, keeping the Delta Air Lines brand and name.
- 2017 - Bought 10% of Air France–KLM
- 2017 - Bought 32% of Aeromexico to total a stake of 49% ownership
- 2020 - Bought 20% of LATAM Airlines Group
- Eastern Air Lines
- 1956 - Merged with Colonial Airlines
- 1967 - Merged with Mackey Airlines{{Cite web |title=Mackey International Airlines |url=https://www.sunshineskies.com/mackey.html |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Sunshine Skies |language=en}}
- 1986 - Purchased by Texas International, but continues to operate separately as Eastern Airlines
- 1990 - American Airlines purchased Eastern's routes from Miami to Latin America and the Caribbean
- Florida Airlines
- 1975 - Air South and Shawnee Airlines are purchased by Florida Airlines{{Cite web |title=Air South (1968-1980) |url=https://www.sunshineskies.com/airsouth.html |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Sunshine Skies |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Florida Airlines |url=https://www.sunshineskies.com/florida.html |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Sunshine Skies |language=en}}
- Frontier Airlines
- 2007 - Entered service agreement with Republic Airways
- 2008 - Declared bankruptcy, then purchased by Republic
- 2009 - Still under the Frontier name, Republic mandates a merger between Frontier and Midwest Airlines
- 2013 - Enter a contract with Indigo, beginning a transition into an ULCC
- Hawaiian Airlines
- 2024 - Acquired by Alaska Air Group
- Hughes Airwest
- 1968 - Pacific Air Lines (originally Southwest Airways), Bonanza Air Lines, and West Coast Airlines merged to form Air West
- 1970 - Howard Hughes purchased Air West and renamed it Hughes Airwest
- 1980 - Merged into Republic Airlines
- JetBlue and Spirit Airlines
- 2022 to 2024 - JetBlue's attempted acquisition of Spirit blocked by a federal court[https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/us-judge-blocks-jetblue-acquiring-spirit-airlines-2024-01-16/ US judge blocks JetBlue from acquiring Spirit Airlines], Reuters, Jan. 16, 2024
- National Airlines
- 1979 - Merged with Pan Am
- Northeast Airlines
- 1972 - Merged into Delta Air Lines
- Northwest Airlines
- 1916 - Founded by Col. Lewis Patenaude, under the name Northwest Airways
- 1927 - Began flying passengers
- 1949 - With its new routes to the far east, re-branded itself as Northwest Orient Airlines
- 1986 - Purchased Republic Airlines, and dropped the word Orient from its brand name
- 1993 - Began transatlantic partnership with KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, dubbed as "Wings Alliance"
- 2008 - Merged into Delta Air Lines. Became world's largest airline by passenger traffic in 2008 under the Delta name.
- Ozark Airlines
- 1943 - Ozark Air Lines is founded, then ceases operations in late 1940s
- 1944 - Parks Air Transport (Parks Air Lines) is founded
- 1950 - Ozark Air Lines resumes operations
- 1950 - Purchased Parks Air Transport (Parks Air Lines)
- 1986 - Merged into Trans World Airlines
- Pan Am
- 1928 - Merged with Aviation Corporation of the Americas/American International Airways
- 1928 - Founded and formed by the merger of Atlantic, Gulf, and Caribbean Airways
- 1929 - Acquired majority of Mexicana de Aviación
- 1950 - Merged with American Overseas Airlines
- 1979 - Merged with National Airlines
- 1985 - United Airlines purchased Pan Am's entire Pacific Division{{Cite web |last=Cross |first=Lee |date=2022-04-22 |title=4/22/1985: United Announces Purchase of Pan Am's Pacific Division |url=https://airwaysmag.com/united-pan-am-pacific-division/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Airways |language=en-US}}
- 1990 - United Airlines purchased Pan Am routes to London Heathrow Airport
- 1991 - United Airlines purchased Pan Am's entire Latin American Division
- 1991 - Delta Air Lines purchased Pan Am's European routes, and acquired Pan Am's Shuttle
- 1991 to present - Following 1991 bankruptcy, trademarks sold to unaffiliated companies; Pan Am Flight Academy acquired by All Nippon Airways in 2014
- Republic Airlines (Republic Airlines 1979-1986)
- 1979 - Founded and formed by the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways
- 1944 - Southern Airways is founded
- 1944 - Wisconsin Central Airlines is founded
- 1952 - Wisconsin Central Airlines changes name to North Central Airlines
- 1980 - Acquired Hughes Airwest
- 1986 - Merged into Northwest Orient to form Northwest Airlines
- Republic Airways Holdings
- 2005 - Acquired Shuttle America
- 2009 - Acquired Midwest Airlines
- 2009 - Acquired Frontier Airlines
- Southwest Airlines
- 1985 - Acquired Muse Air
- 1993 - Acquired Morris Air
- 2008 - Acquired certain assets of bankrupt ATA Airlines
- 2011 - Acquired AirTran Airways
- Trans World Airlines
- 1925 - First incorporated as Western Air Express
- 1927 - Maddux Air Lines is founded
- 1927 - Standard Air Lines is founded
- 1928 - Transcontinental Air Transport is founded
- 1929 - Maddux Air Lines merges with Transcontinental Air Transport
- 1930 - Standard Air Lines merges with Western Air Express
- 1930 - Western Air Express merges with Transcontinental Air Transport, rebranded itself as Transcontinental & Western Air, T&WA, later changed name to Trans World Airlines, TWA
- 1934 - Western Air Express broke off from Transcontinental & Western Air, T&WA and briefly changed its name to General Air Lines, returning to the name Western Air Express after several months
- 1986 - Purchased Ozark Air Lines
- 2001 - Merged into American Airlines
- United Airlines
- 1926 - Founded as Varney Air Lines
- 1931 - Purchased National Air Transport and Pacific Air Transport
- 1961 - Merged with Capital Airlines
- 1985 - Purchased Pan Am's entire Pacific Division
- 1990 - Purchased Pan Am routes to London Heathrow Airport
- 1991 - Purchased Pan Am's entire Latin American Division
- 2010 - Merged with Continental Airlines. Was the world's largest carrier at the time of merger, acquired the Continental brand kept the United name.
- 2014 - Four years taking over Continental, United closed the hub at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport for the second time
- US Airways
- 1938 - Started as All American Aviation Company, renamed All American Airlines and then Allegheny Airlines
- 1957 - Changed name to Allegheny Airlines
- 1968 - Purchased Lake Central Airlines
- 1972 - Purchased Mohawk Airlines
- 1979 - Changed name to USAir
- 1988 - Purchased Pacific Southwest Airlines
- 1989 - Purchased Piedmont Airlines
- 1992 - Operates former Trump Shuttle for banks, renamed by banks as Shuttle, Inc, dba USAir Shuttle
- 1997 - Changed name to US Airways
- 1997 - Purchased former Trump Shuttle, now Shuttle, Inc from Banks, dba US Airways Shuttle
- 1998 - Launches low-fare carrier MetroJet
- 2000 - Merges US Airways Shuttle into US Airways
- 2001 - Dissolves low-fare carrier MetroJet
- 2005 - Acquired by America West Airlines, keeping the US Airways name
- 2013 - Merged into American Airlines
- Virgin America
- 2016 - Merged into Alaska Airlines. The merger made Alaska a dominant U.S. carrier in the West Coast.
- Western Airlines
- 1925 - First incorporated as Western Air Express by Harris Hanshue
- 1926 - Western's first flight took place
- 1928 - Reincorporated as Western Air Express Corp.
- 1930 - Purchased Standard Airlines (subsidiary of Aero Corp. of Ca. founded in 1926). WAE with Fokker aircraft merged with Transcontinental Air Transport T-A-T to form Transcontinental & Western Air T&WA.
- 1934 - Western Air Express broke off from Transcontinental & Western Air T&WA and briefly changed its name to General Air Lines, returning to the name Western Air Express after several months
- 1941 - Western Air Express changed its name to Western Air Lines, which was later altered to Western Airlines
- 1967 - Merged with Pacific Northern Airlines
- 1987 - Merged into Delta Air Lines
See also
- List of airline holding companies - the actual enterprises and business entities which do the acquisitions and mergers.