List of commercial failures in video games

{{split section|List of video game hardware failures|date=March 2025}}

{{Main|32X}}

File:Sega-Genesis-Model2-32X.jpg

Unveiled by Sega at June 1994's Consumer Electronics Show, the 32X was later described as the "poor man's entry into 'next generation' games". The product was originally conceived as an entirely new console by Sega Enterprises and positioned as an inexpensive alternative for gamers into the 32-bit era. However, at the suggestion of Sega of America research and development head Joe Miller, the console was converted into an add-on to the existing Mega Drive/Genesis and made more powerful, with two 32-bit central processing unit chips and a 3D graphics processor. Nevertheless, the console failed to attract either developers or consumers as the Sega Saturn had already been announced for release the next year. In part because of this, and also to rush the 32X to market before the holiday season in 1994, the 32X suffered from a poor library of titles, including Mega Drive/Genesis ports with improvements to the number of colors that appeared on screen.{{cite web|author=Buchanan, Levi |website=IGN |date=2008-10-24 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/10/24/32x-follies |title=32X Follies |access-date=2013-08-13}} Originally released at {{US$|159|1994|round=-1}}, Sega dropped the price to $99 in only a few months and ultimately cleared the remaining inventory at $19.95.{{cite book |last=Kent |first=Steven L. |author-link=Steven L. Kent |title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World |year=2001 |publisher=Prima Publishing |location=Roseville, California |isbn=0-7615-3643-4 |chapter=The "Next" Generation (Part 1)}} About 665,000 units were sold.{{cite news |title=Videospiel-Algebra|publisher=Man!ac Magazine |date=May 1995}}

{{Main|3DO}}

File:3DO-GDO-101M-Console-Set.jpg

Co-designed by RJ Mical and the team behind the Amiga, and marketed by Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins as a format, this "multimedia machine" released in 1993 was marketed as a family entertainment device and not just a video game console. Though it supported a vast library of games including many exceptional third party releases,{{cite web |url=http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=ConsoleMuseum.Detail&id=38&game=12index.shtml |title=3DO – 1993–1996 – Classic Gaming |publisher=Classicgaming.gamespy.com |access-date=2011-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415095434/http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=ConsoleMuseum.Detail&id=38&game=12 |archive-date=2012-04-15 }} a refusal to reduce its price of {{US$|699.95|1993|round=-1}} until almost the end of the product's life hampered sales. The success of subsequent next generation systems led to the platform's demise and the company's exit from the hardware market.{{cite news| last = Slagle| first = Matt| title = How much is too much for a game console?| agency = Associated Press|date=2006-05-10| url = https://www.nbcnews.com/id/12724639| access-date = 2007-04-01 }}{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} This exit also included The 3DO Company's sale of the platform's successor, the M2, to its investor Matsushita.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604002349/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3169/is_n9_v38/ai_20456875/ Matsushita to apply M2 tech to video editing] Television Digest with Consumer Electronics, March 2, 1998

{{Main|Amstrad GX4000|Amstrad CPC#The plus range}}

File:Amstrad-GX4000-Console-Set.jpg

In 1990, Amstrad attempted to enter the console video game market with hardware based on its successful Amstrad CPC range but also capable of playing cartridge-based games with improved graphics and sound. This comprised the Amstrad CPC+ computers, including the same features as the existing CPCs, and the dedicated GX4000 console. However, only a few months later, the Mega Drive, a much-anticipated 16-bit console, was released in Europe, and the GX4000's aging 8-bit technology proved uncompetitive. Many of the games are direct ports of existing CPC games (available more cheaply on tape or disc) with few if any graphical improvements. Fewer than thirty games were released on cartridge, and the GX4000's failure ended Amstrad's involvement in the video game industry. The CPC+ range fared little better, as 8-bit computers had been all but superseded by similarly priced 16-bit machines such as the Amiga, though software hacks now make the advanced console graphics and sound accessible to users.{{cite web|url=http://www.whatconsole.co.uk/gx4000.php|title=What Console|access-date=2009-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107204858/http://www.whatconsole.co.uk/gx4000.php|archive-date=2009-01-07|url-status=dead}}

{{Main|Apple Bandai Pippin}}

File:Pippin-Atmark-Console-Set.jpg

The Pippin is a game console designed by Apple Computer and produced by Bandai (now Bandai Namco) in the mid-1990s based around a PowerPC 603e processor and Classic Mac OS. It featured a 4x CD-ROM drive and a video output that could connect to a standard television monitor. Apple intended to license the technology to third parties; however, only two companies signed on, Bandai and Katz Media,{{cite magazine|last=Edwards |first=Benj |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/168348/worst_game_consoles.html |title=The 10 Worst Video Game Systems of All Time – Slide 2. Apple Pippin |magazine=PCWorld |date=2009-07-14 |access-date=2011-07-31}} while the only Pippin license to release a product to market was Bandai's. By the time the Bandai Pippin was released (1995 in Japan, 1996 in the United States), the market was already dominated by the Nintendo 64 and PlayStation. The Bandai Pippin also cost {{US$|599|1996|round=-1}} on launch, more expensive than the competition. Total sales were only around 42,000 units.[http://www.pcworld.com/article/125772-6/the_25_worst_tech_products_of_all_time.html#pippin 25 worst Tech Products of All Time] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907213924/http://www.pcworld.com/article/125772-6/the_25_worst_tech_products_of_all_time.html#pippin |date=September 7, 2012 }} PC World, May 26, 2006 In 2019, Apple returned to the video game industry with its game subscription service, Apple Arcade, which has proven to be successful.{{Cite thesis|title=A Netflix experience : reimagining the direct-to-consumer platform|url=https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/126900|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|date=2020|degree=Thesis|first=Gerardo|last=Guadiana|hdl=1721.1/126900}}

{{Main|Atari 5200}}

File:Atari-5200-4-Port-wController-L.jpg

The Atari 5200 was created as the successor to the highly successful Atari 2600. Reasons for the console's poor reception include that most of the games were simply enhanced versions of those played on its predecessor{{Cite book

| last = Staff

| first = New York Times

| title = The New York Times Guide To Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind

| publisher = Macmillan Publishers

| year = 2007

| location = New York

| page = 472

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-BIGv9vIoqcC&q=atari+5200+failed&pg=PA472

| isbn = 978-0-312-37659-8}} and the awkward design of the controllers, which themselves were also prone to breaking down. The console sold only a little over a million units.{{Cite news | last=Schrage | first=Michael | newspaper=Washington Post | title=Atari Introduces Game In Attempt for Survival | page=C3 | date=May 22, 1984 | quote=The company has stopped producing its 5200 SuperSystem games player, more than 1 million of which were sold. }} When it was discontinued, its predecessor was marketed for several more years, as was its successor, the Atari 7800, which was marketed more carefully to avoid a similar debacle. Nonetheless, the failure of the Atari 5200 marked the beginning of Atari's fall in the console business.

{{Main|Atari Jaguar}}

File:Atari-Jaguar-CD-wPro-Controller.jpg

Released by Atari Corporation in 1993, this 64-bit system was more powerful than its contemporaries, the Genesis and the Super NES, with support for 3D graphics. Its sales were hurt by a lack of quality games and a number of crippling business practices on the part of Atari senior management. The controller was widely criticized as unwieldy with a baffling number of buttons, and the pack-in game, Cybermorph, was considered disappointing. The system never attained critical mass in the market before the release of the Saturn and PlayStation, and its failure brought the company down with it.[http://www.atariage.com/Jaguar/history.html Atari Jaguar History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513071033/http://www.atariage.com/Jaguar/history.html |date=May 13, 2016 }}, AtariAge.com.{{cite web|url=http://www.thocp.net/software/games/modern_age.htm|title= History of Computing: Videogames – Modern Age|first=Ted|last=Stahl|work=thocp.net|date=October 4, 2005}} Rob Bricken of Topless Robot described the Jaguar as "an unfortunate system, beleaguered by software droughts, rushed releases, and a lot of terrible, terrible games."{{cite web|url=http://www.therobotsvoice.com/2009/06/the_11_worst_mortal_kombat_rip-offs.php|title=The 11 Worst Mortal Kombat Rip-Offs|first=Rob|last=Bricken|work=Topless Robot|publisher=Village Voice Media|date=June 22, 2009|access-date=September 1, 2016}} It would be the last video game console to be produced by an American company until Microsoft's Xbox in 2001.

{{Main|Atari Lynx}}

File:Atari-Lynx-I-Handheld.jpg

Released in 1989 in North America and Europe, and in Japan in 1990, by Atari Corporation, the Atari Lynx is a handheld game console. It was the first handheld electronic game system with a color LCD display. The system was originally developed by Epyx as the Handy Game.{{cite magazine |last=Jacobs |first=Steven |title=Third Time's a Charm (They Hope) |url=http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/2.01/3do_pr.html |magazine=Wired |location=United States |publisher=Conde Nast |access-date=June 17, 2014 }} Forward-looking features include 16-bit graphics hardware with a blitter that can scale and distort images, a backlit display, and an ambidextrous controller layout.{{cite journal

|title=The Role of Computers

|last1=Lesser|last2=Lesser|last3=Lesser|first1=Hartley|first2=Patricia|first3=Kirk

|journal=Dragon

|issue=155

|date=March 1990

|pages=95–101}} In late 1991, it was reported that Atari sales estimates were about 800,000, which Atari claimed was within their expected projections.{{ cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/raze-magazine-11 | title=Raze Magazine | issue=11 | date=September 1991 | page=6 }}{{failed verification|date=October 2022|reason=No such claim found in the given reference}} In comparison, the Game Boy sold 16 million units by later that year.{{cite news|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19950105/2097913/virtual-fun----nintendo-adds-a-new-dimension-to-games |title=Virtual Fun – Nintendo Adds A New Dimension To Games |access-date=November 7, 2013 |newspaper=Seattle Times| date =January 5, 1995|author=Steven Kent}} Overall lifetime sales were confirmed as being in the region of 3 million, a commercial failure despite positive critical reviews.

{{Main|Atari VCS (2021 console)}}

File:Atari Vcs Oynx.jpg

The Atari VCS was developed by Atari Inc. to be a microconsole that would support numerous Atari games from its console library as well as other Linux-compatible games. Though announced in 2017 and supported by crowdfunding, publicly available units did not ship until June 2021. The console received lukewarm reception, seen as too costly compared to other consoles on the market without providing similar value. Atari reported a drop of about 90% in hardware revenue between 2021 and 2022, leading them to discontinue production of the unit and evaluating other options.{{Cite news |date=2022-12-21 |title=Atari says it may need extra funding to continue following VCS retro console flop and blockchain struggles |language=en-gb |work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/atari-says-it-may-need-extra-funding-to-continue-following-vcs-retro-console-flop-and-blockchain-struggles |access-date=2023-01-23}}

{{Main|CD-i}}

File:Philips-CDi-400-Console-Set.jpg

In the 1980s, electronics company Philips together with Sony developed a new CD-based format called CD-i (Compact Disc Interactive) for various multimedia software. The first consumer-oriented player from Philips launched in 1991 with a launch price of $700 ({{Inflation|US|700|1991|fmt=eq|r=-1}}).{{cite news|title=COMPANY NEWS; New Philips CD|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/02/business/company-news-new-philips-cd.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/N/New%20Models,%20Design%20and%20Products|date= 1992-04-02|access-date= 2010-01-03 | work=The New York Times}} Although not technically a game console, Philips increasingly marketed the format as a video game platform from 1994 onwards.{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB835915768416880000|title = Philips Suffered a U.S. Flop with CD-Interactive Product|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = 28 June 1996}} The CD-i has its origins in the Super NES CD-ROM, a project that never came to fruition. Nintendo, however, did give Philips the rights and permission to use five Nintendo characters for the CD-i games. In 1993, Philips released two Zelda games, Link: The Faces of Evil and Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon. A year later, Philips released another Zelda game, Zelda's Adventure, and a few months later, a Mario game titled Hotel Mario. All four of these Nintendo-themed games are commonly cited by critics as being among the worst ever made. Much criticism was also aimed at the CD-i's controller.{{cite web|title=Top 10 Tuesday: Worst Game Controllers |url=http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/690/690449p1.html |website=IGN |access-date=2009-08-07 |date=2006-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114141120/http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/690/690449p1.html |archive-date=2007-01-14 }} Although the Philips CD-i was extensively marketed by Philips, consumer interest remained low. Sales began to slow down by 1994, and in 1998, Philips announced that the product had been discontinued. In all, roughly 570,000 units were sold,{{cite web |url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/111823/the-10-worst-selling-consoles-of-all-time-page-2-of-2/ |title=The 10 Worst-Selling Consoles of All Time |access-date=2007-11-25 |author=Blake Snow |publisher=GamePro.com |date=2007-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905175411/http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/111823/the-10-worst-selling-consoles-of-all-time-page-2-of-2/|archive-date=2008-09-05}} with 133 games released.

{{Main|Commodore 64 Games System}}

File:C64GS-Console-Set.jpg

Released only in Europe in 1990, the C64GS was basically a Commodore 64 redesigned as a cartridge-based console. Aside from some hardware issues, the console did not get much attention from the public, who preferred to buy the cheaper original computer that had far more possibilities. Also, the console appeared just as the 16-bit era was starting, which left no chance for it to succeed as it was unable to compete with consoles like the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Mega Drive.{{cite web |url=http://www.zimmers.net/cbmpics/c64gs.html |title=Bo Zimmerman's Commodore Gallery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220025114/http://www.zimmers.net/cbmpics/c64gs.html |archive-date=2007-12-20}}

{{Main|Commodore CDTV}}

The CDTV was launched by Commodore in 1991. In common with the Philips CD-i and the 3DO, the CDTV was intended as an all-in-one home multimedia appliance that would play games, music, movies, and other interactive content. The name was short for "Commodore Dynamic Total Vision". The hardware was based on the Amiga 500 computer with a single-speed CD-ROM drive rather than a floppy disk drive, in a case that was designed to integrate unobtrusively with a home entertainment center. However, the expected market for home multimedia appliances did not materialize, and the CDTV was discontinued in 1993,{{cite web|url=http://www.cdtv.org.uk/1254.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412154630/http://www.cdtv.org.uk/1254.html |archive-date=2009-04-12 |title=CDTV.org: History |date=2009-04-12 |access-date=2011-10-21}} having sold only 30,000 units.{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Skyler |url=http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=33596 |title=CDTV |publisher=Allgame |date=2010-10-03 |access-date=2011-10-21 |archive-date=2011-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424132125/http://allgame.com/platform.php?id=33596 |url-status=dead }} Commodore's next attempt at a CD-based console, the Amiga CD32, was considerably more successful.

{{Main|Dreamcast}}

File:Dreamcast-Console-Set.jpg

The Dreamcast, released globally in 1999, was Sega's final console before the company focused entirely on software. Although the console was initially successful and management in the company improved significantly after harsh lessons were learned from the Sega Saturn fiasco, the console also faced stiff competition, especially from the technically superior PlayStation 2 despite being in the market over a year ahead. The Dreamcast sold less than the Saturn, coming in at 9.13 million units compared to the Saturn's 9.5 million.{{cite book|last1=Zackariasson|first1=Peter|last2=Wilson|first2=Timothy L.|last3=Ernkvist|first3=Mirko|title=The Video Game Industry: Formation, Present State, and Future|chapter=Console Hardware: The Development of Nintendo Wii|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=978-1-138-80383-1|page=158}} The console's development was subject to further stress by an economic recession that struck Japan shortly after the console's release, forcing Sega, among other companies, to cut costs in order to survive, thus Sega refocused itself solely around software.{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/6162696/Dreamcast-What-Sega-did-next.html | title = Dreamcast: What Sega did next | work = The Telegraph | first = Tom | last = Higgens | date = September 10, 2009 | access-date = September 27, 2015 }}{{cite web | url = http://herocomplex.latimes.com/games/xbox-one-vs-playstation-4-charting-the-video-game-console-evolution/#/2 | title = Xbox One vs. PlayStation 4: Charting the video game console evolution | first1 = Noelene | last1 = Clark | first2 = William | last2 = Lu | work = Los Angeles Times | date = June 9, 2014 | access-date = October 5, 2015 | quote = Although the Dreamcast was Sega's last console and a commercial failure, it left a major mark on the industry. The Dreamcast was the first console with a built-in modem for online play — technology used in "Phantasy Star Online," the first console massively multiplayer online role-playing game. The Dreamcast lost to the PlayStation 2, which could play DVDs. The console was discontinued in 2001, and Sega refashioned itself as a third-party game company. }}{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-02-22-the-rise-and-fall-of-sega-enterprises | title = The Rise and Fall of Sega Enterprises | first = Damien |last = McFarren | date = February 22, 2012 | access-date= October 5, 2015 | work = Eurogamer }}

{{Main|Fairchild Channel F}}

The Fairchild Channel F was a second generation console released in 1976, and the first home console unit to use interchangeable video game cartridges. It had respectable sales within its first year on the market, but soon faced competition from the Atari 2600, another cartridge-based system that was released in September 1977. Whereas the Channel F's games were generally based on intellectual and educational concepts, Atari had crafted games that were conversions of their action-based arcade video game hits, and were more popular, making the Atari 2600 the more popular system. By the end of 1977, the Atari 2600 sold about 400,000 total units compared to the 250,000 units of the Channel F.{{cite book|title=Strategic management: an integrated approach|year=2007|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-618-73166-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P8q5AAAAIAAJ&q=%22By+this+point,+second-place+Fairchild+sold+around+250000+units%22|author=Gareth R. Jones|edition=7th|author2=Charles W.L. Hill|access-date=25 February 2012|page=C-123}} Fairchild's attempts to make more action-oriented games in 1978 failed to draw consumers to the system, and the console was completely overshadowed.{{cite web

|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/chasing-phantoms-history-failed-consoles/

|title=Chasing Phantoms – The history of failed consoles

|date=July 15, 2013

|access-date=2016-11-21

|author=Jeff Dunn

|publisher=Games Radar

|page=2

}} By the time Fairchild sold the console technology to Zircon International in 1979, only 350,000 Channel F units had been sold in its lifetime.{{ cite web | url = https://www.fastcompany.com/3040889/the-untold-story-of-the-invention-of-the-game-cartridge | title = The Untold Story Of The Invention Of The Game Cartridge | first = Benj | last = Edwards | date = January 22, 2015 | access-date = July 29, 2020 | work = Fast Company }}

{{Main|FM Towns Marty|}}

The FM Towns Marty is a fourth generation console manufactured by Fujitsu. Throughout its few years in the market, the console sold an underwhelming 45,000 units.

{{Main|Game Boy Micro}}

File:Game-Boy-Micro.png

The Game Boy Micro is a 32-bit handheld game console made by Nintendo and was the last in the Game Boy family. It was released in Japan on September 13, 2005, and to international markets later that year. It is a miniaturized version of the Game Boy Advance. It didn't sell well by 2.42 million units{{cite web |url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2007/070426e.pdf |title=Consolidated sales units, number of new titles, and sales unit forecast |date=April 26, 2007 |access-date=April 12, 2016 |publisher=Nintendo |archive-date=May 12, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512022627/http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2007/070426e.pdf |url-status=live }} and was discontinued in 2008.{{Cite web |last=Vega |first=Nick |title=A look back at the Game Boy Micro, the Nintendo console that time forgot |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/game-boy-micro-nintendo-console-time-forgot-photos-2017-3 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}} Satoru Iwata stated that the marketing of the Nintendo DS may have hurt the Micro in the marketplace and admitted that Game Boy Micro sales did not meet Nintendo's expectations.{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/kessan/060607qa_e/03.html|title=Nintendo Co., Ltd. – Corporate Management Policy Briefing – Q&A|publisher=Nintendo Co., Ltd.|page=3|access-date=2008-12-06|quote=The sales of Micro did not meet our expectations ... However, toward the end of 2005, Nintendo had to focus almost all of our energies on the marketing of DS, which must have deprived the Micro of its momentum.|archive-date=December 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220021407/http://www.nintendo.co.jp/kessan/060607qa_e/03.html|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Genesis Nomad}}

File:Sega-Nomad-Front.jpg

The Nomad, a handheld game console by Sega released in North America in October 1995, is a portable variation of Sega's home console, the Genesis (known as the Mega Drive outside of North America). Designed from the Mega Jet, a portable version of the home console designed for use on airline flights in Japan, Nomad served to succeed the Game Gear and was the last handheld console released by Sega. Released late in the Genesis era, the Nomad had a short lifespan. Sold exclusively in North America, the Nomad was never officially released worldwide, and employs regional lockout. The handheld itself was incompatible with several Genesis peripherals, including the Power Base Converter, the Sega CD, and the Sega 32X. The release was five years into the market span of the Genesis, with an existing library of more than 500 Genesis games.{{cite book |last=Kent |first=Steven L. |author-link=Steven L. Kent |title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World |year=2001 |publisher=Prima Publishing |location=Roseville, California |isbn=0-7615-3643-4 |pages=508, 531}} With the Nomad's late release several months after the launch of the Saturn, this handheld is said to have suffered from its poorly timed launch. Sega decided to stop focusing on the Genesis in 1999, several months before the release of the Dreamcast, by which time the Nomad was being sold at less than a third of its original price.{{cite journal|author=Retro Gamer staff|title=Retroinspection: Sega Nomad|journal=Retro Gamer|publisher=Imagine Publishing|issue=69|pages=46–53}} Reception for the Nomad is mixed between its uniqueness and its poor timing into the market. Blake Snow of GamePro listed the Nomad as fifth on his list of the "10 Worst-Selling Handhelds of All Time", criticizing its poor timing into the market, inadequate advertising, and poor battery life.{{cite magazine|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/111822/the-10-worst-selling-consoles-of-all-time/|title=The 10 Worst-Selling Consoles of All Time| access-date=2007-10-28|author=Snow, Blake|magazine=GamePro|date=2007-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905175406/http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/111822/the-10-worst-selling-consoles-of-all-time/|archive-date=2008-09-05}}

{{Main|Gizmondo}}

File:Gizmondo.jpg

The Gizmondo, a handheld video game device featuring GPS and a digital camera, was released by Tiger Telematics in the UK, Sweden and the U.S. starting in March 2005. With poor promotion, few games (only fourteen were ever released), short battery life, a small screen, competition from the cheaper and more reputable Nintendo DS and PSP, and controversy surrounding the company, the system was a commercial failure. Several high-ranking Tiger executives were subsequently arrested for fraud and other illegal activities related to the Gizmondo.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamerevolution.com/static/index.php?section=feature&sub=gizmondo&page=index |title=Gizmondo Bizzaro! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323035052/http://www.gamerevolution.com/static/index.php?section=feature&sub=gizmondo&page=index |archive-date=2006-03-23}} gamerevolution.com It is so far the world's worst selling handheld console in history, and due to its failure in the European and American video game markets, it was released neither in Australia nor in Japan. Tiger Telematics went bankrupt when it was discontinued in February 2006, just 11 months after it was released.

{{Main|HyperScan}}

File:Mattel-HyperScan-wController-FL.jpg

Released in late 2006 by Mattel, the HyperScan was the company's first video game console since the Intellivision. It used radio frequency identification (RFID){{cite web |url=http://boardgames.about.com/od/news/a/hyperscan.htm |title=HyperScan – RFID Game System from Mattel |publisher=About.com |access-date=January 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111061503/http://boardgames.about.com/od/news/a/hyperscan.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2015 }} along with traditional video game technology. The console used UDF format CD-ROMs. Games retailed for $19.99 and the console itself for $69.99 at launch, but at the end of its very short lifespan, prices of the system were down to $9.99, the games $1.99, and booster packs $0.99. The system was sold in two varieties, a cube, and a 2-player value pack. The cube box version was the version sold in stores. It included the system, controller, an X-Men game disc, and 6 X-Men cards. Two player value packs were sold online (but may have been liquidated in stores) and included an extra controller and 12 additional X-Men cards.{{cite web|url=http://service.mattel.com/us/results.aspx?Ntt=hyperscan&image1.x=0&image1.y=0 |title=Mattel and Fisher-Price Customer Service |publisher=Service.mattel.com |access-date=2013-05-13}}{{cite web|url=http://www.innovision-group.com/press_view.php?newsID=55 |title=Mattel Makes Contactless RFID Connection with Innovision R&T for Innovative HyperScan™ Games Platform |publisher=Innovision-Group |date=October 18, 2006 |access-date=January 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010002708/http://www.innovision-group.com/press_view.php?newsID=55 |archive-date=October 10, 2007 }} - Site archived by Wayback Machine The system was discontinued in 2007 due to poor console, game, and card pack sales.{{cite web|url=http://service.mattel.com/us/product_detail.asp?id=K4386&Ntt=K4386&Pn=1&Brand=Radica&Cat=Radica+Electronic+Games |title=Mattel Consumer Relations Answer Center – Product Detail >> Radica >> Radica Electronic Games |publisher=Service.mattel.com |access-date=2011-07-31}} It is featured as one of the ten worst systems ever by PC World magazine.{{cite magazine|last=Edwards |first=Benj |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/168348/worst_game_consoles.html |title=The 10 Worst Video Game Systems of All Time – Slide 5:7. Mattel Hyperscan |magazine=PCWorld |date=2009-07-14 |access-date=2011-07-31}}

{{Main|LaserActive}}

Made by Pioneer Corporation in 1993 (a clone was produced by NEC as well), the LaserActive employed the trademark LaserDiscs as a medium for presenting games and also played the original LaserDisc movies. The LD-ROMs, as they were called, could hold 540 MB of data and up to 60 minutes of analog audio and video. In addition, expansion modules could be bought which allowed the LaserActive to play Genesis and/or TurboGrafx-16 games, among other things. Poor marketing combined with a high price tag for both the console itself at {{US$|969|1993|round=-1}} and the various modules (e.g., $599 for the Genesis module compared to $89 for the base console and $229 for Sega CD add-on to play CD-ROM based games) caused it to be quickly ignored by both the gaming public and the video game press.{{cite web|url=http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id%3D17669 |title=Pioneer LaserActive – Overview – allgame |access-date=2013-07-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019073408/http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=17669 |archive-date=2012-10-19 }} allgame Fewer than 40 games were produced in all (at about $120 each),[https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061955/http://www.pinkgodzillagames.com/retro_reviews/laser_active_review.php Pink Godzilla – Pioneer LaserActive]> almost all of which required the purchase of one of the modules, and games built for one module could not be used with another. The LaserActive was quietly discontinued one year later after total sales of roughly 10,000 units.

{{Main|Neo Geo CD}}

Released in Japan and Europe in 1994 and a year later in North America, the Neo Geo CD was first unveiled at the 1994 Tokyo Toy Show.{{cite magazine|title=Neo Geo CD Brings Arcade Home|magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly|issue=61|publisher=Ziff Davis|date=August 1994|page=60}}{{cite magazine|title=The Neo Geo CD: An Arcade in Your Home|magazine=GamePro|issue=79 |publisher=IDG|date=April 1995|page=16}} Three versions of the Neo Geo CD were released: a front-loading version only distributed in Japan, a top-loading version marketed worldwide, and the Neo Geo CDZ, an upgraded, faster-loading version released in Japan only. The front-loading version was the original console design, with the top-loading version developed shortly before the Neo Geo CD launch as a scaled-down, cheaper alternative model.{{cite magazine|title=SNK CD for Spring|magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly|issue=63|publisher=Ziff Davis|date=October 1994|page=62}} The CDZ was released on December 29, 1995{{cite web|url=http://www.neogeocdworld.info/html/fiche/fichetechniqueneogeo.htm |title=Neo Geo CD World |access-date=2015-12-11 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217052443/http://www.neogeocdworld.info/html/fiche/fichetechniqueneogeo.htm |archive-date=December 17, 2010 |language=fr}}http://www.obsolete-tears.com/snk-neogeo-cd-machine-226.html {{in lang|fr}} as the Japanese market replacement for SNK's previous efforts (the "front loader" and the "top loader"). The Neo Geo CD had met with limited success due to it being plagued with slow loading times that could vary from 30 to 60 seconds between loads, depending on the game. Although SNK's American home entertainment division quickly acknowledged that the system simply was unable to compete with the 3D-able powerhouse systems of the day like Nintendo's 64, Sega's Saturn and Sony's PlayStation, SNK corporate of Japan felt they could continue to maintain profitable sales in the Japanese home market by shortening the previous system's load-times.{{cite web|url=http://www.gamefaqs.com/neogeocd/916662-neo-geo-cd/reviews/70664 |title=Neo-Geo CD Review for Neo Geo CD: Neo-Geo CD: Cheap, but at a cost of loading times. - GameFAQs |access-date=2015-12-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202234/http://www.gamefaqs.com/neogeocd/916662-neo-geo-cd/reviews/70664 |archive-date=2016-03-04 }} Their Japanese division had produced an excess number of single speed units and found that modifying these units to double speed was more expensive than they had initially thought, so SNK opted to sell them as they were, postponing production of a double speed model until they had sold off the stock of single speed units.{{cite magazine|title=Neo CD to Be Single Speed |magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly|issue=79|publisher=Ziff Davis|date=February 1996|page=20}} As of March 1997, the Neo Geo CD had sold 570,000 units worldwide.Consoles +, [http://i.imgur.com/wQPBhdL.jpg issue 73] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423190900/http://i.imgur.com/wQPBhdL.jpg |date=April 23, 2016 }} Although this was the last known home console released under SNK's Neo Geo line, the newly reincarnated SNK Playmore relaunched the Neo Geo line with the release of the Neo Geo X in 2012. In April 2019, SNK announced at a conference in Seoul that they plan to release a Neo Geo 2 console and later a Neo Geo 3. They plan for the Neo Geo 2 to be a semi open platform console, where they will be built in games, as well as additional games that can be purchased separately. These are planned to be spiritual successors to the original Neo Geo arcade and home systems.{{Cite web|date=April 16, 2019|title=SNK Reveals Plans for NeoGeo 2 and NeoGeo 3, A New Metal Slug and How King Of Fighters XV Will Run on Unreal Engine 4|url=https://www.dualshockers.com/snk-new-neogeo-metal-slug-king-fighters-xv-unreal-engine/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810123914/https://www.dualshockers.com/snk-new-neogeo-metal-slug-king-fighters-xv-unreal-engine/|archive-date=10 August 2021|access-date=April 20, 2019|work=DualSHOCKERS|publisher=Iyane Agossah}}

{{Main|Neo Geo Pocket|Neo Geo Pocket Color}}

The two handheld video game consoles, created by SNK, were released between 1998–99 through markets dominated by Nintendo. The Neo Geo Pocket is considered to be an unsuccessful console, as it was immediately succeeded by the Color, a full color device allowing the system to compete more easily with the dominant Game Boy Color handheld, and which also saw a western release. Though the system enjoyed only a short life, there were some significant games released on the system. After a good sales start in both the U.S. and Japan with 14 launch titles (a record at the time){{cite web |url=http://www.neogeopocket.co.uk/home.html|title=Neo Geo Pocket Color|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000229033155/http://www.neogeopocket.co.uk/home.html|archive-date=February 29, 2000}} subsequent low retail support in the U.S.,{{cite web |url=http://archive.kontek.net/sngp.classicgaming.gamespy.com/editorials/end_of_an_era_part2.htm|title=The end of an era: a cruel look at what we missed: Part 2|date=June 2000}} lack of communication with third-party developers by SNK's American management,{{cite web |url=http://www.captainwilliams.co.uk/gaming/ngpc/ngpc.php|title=NeoGeo Pocket Color Feature |access-date=October 9, 2010}} the craze about Nintendo's Pokémon franchise,{{cite web |url=http://www.racketboy.com/retro/snkneo-geo/neogeo-pocket-color-101-beginners-guide|title=Neo Geo Pocket Color 101, A beginner's guide|date=4 January 2012}} anticipation of the 32-bit Game Boy Advance, as well as strong competition from Bandai's WonderSwan in Japan, led to a sales decline in both regions.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-history-of-snk/1100-6089278/|title=The History of SNK}} Meanwhile, SNK had been in financial trouble for at least a year – the company soon collapsed, and was purchased by American pachinko manufacturer Aruze in January 2000.{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/snk-corporation/history |title=History for SNK Corporation |access-date=2015-02-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320134442/http://www.mobygames.com/company/snk-corporation/history |archive-date=2016-03-20 }} History for SNK Corporation Eventually on June 13, 2000, Aruze decided to quit the North American and European markets, marking the end of SNK's worldwide operations and the discontinuation of Neo Geo hardware and software there. The Neo Geo Pocket Color (and other SNK/Neo Geo products) did however, last until 2001 in Japan. It was SNK's last video game console, as the company filed for bankruptcy on October 22, 2001.{{cite web |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2001/11/03/a-sign-of-the-times-game-over-for-snk|title=A Sign Of The Times: Game Over For SNK|publisher=IGN UK|date=November 2, 2001}} Though commercially failed, the Neo Geo Pocket and Pocket Color had been regarded as influential systems.{{cite web|url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/neo-geo-pocket-color-the-portable-that-changed-everything|title=Neo Geo Pocket Color: The Portable That Changed Everything|date=28 October 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|archive-date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209032237/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/neo-geo-pocket-color-the-portable-that-changed-everything|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/games/12257/the-life-and-times-of-the-neo-geo-pocket-color |title=The life and times of the Neo Geo Pocket Color |date=25 January 2012 |access-date=2016-08-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829223532/http://www.denofgeek.com/games/12257/the-life-and-times-of-the-neo-geo-pocket-color |archive-date=2016-08-29 }} The life and times of the Neo Geo Pocket Color It also featured an arcade-style microswitched 'clicky stick' joystick, which was praised for its accuracy and being well-suited for fighting games.{{cite web |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2014/03/hardware_classics_snk_neo_geo_pocket_color|title=Hardware Classics: SNK Neo Geo Pocket Color|date=26 March 2014}} The Pocket Color system's display and 40-hour battery life were also well received. Although these were the last known systems released under SNK's Neo Geo line, the newly reincarnated SNK Playmore relaunched the Neo Geo line with the release of the Neo Geo X in 2012.{{cite web|title=NEOGEO X – Witness the rebirth of the Neo Geo|publisher=SNK Playmore|url=http://neogeox.com/|access-date=2015-12-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128001021/http://www.neogeox.com/|archive-date=2015-11-28}} In April 2019, SNK announced at a conference in Seoul that they plan to release a Neo Geo 2 console and later a Neo Geo 3. They plan for the Neo Geo 2 to be a semi open platform console, where they will be built in games, as well as additional games that can be purchased separately. These are planned to be spiritual successors to the original Neo Geo arcade and home systems.

{{Main|N-Gage (device)}}

File:Nokia-NGage-LL.jpg combining features of a mobile phone and a handheld game system.]]

Made by the Finnish mobile phone manufacturer Nokia, and released in 2003, the N-Gage is a small handheld console, designed to combine a feature-packed mobile/cellular phone with a handheld games console. The system was mocked for its taco-like design, and sales were so poor that the system's price dropped by $100 within a week of its release. Common complaints included the difficulty of swapping games (the cartridge slot was located beneath the battery slot, requiring its removal) and the fact that its cellphone feature required users to hold the device "sideways" (i.e. the long edge of the system) against their cheek.[https://money.cnn.com/2003/10/06/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/ Nokia's Folly] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106062614/http://money.cnn.com/2003/10/06/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/ |date=November 6, 2016 }} CNN Money, October 6, 2003 A redesigned version, the N-Gage QD, was released to eliminate these complaints. However, the N-Gage brand still suffered from a poor reputation and the QD did not address the popular complaint that the control layout was "too cluttered". The N-Gage failed to reach the popularity of the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, or the Sony PSP. In November 2005, Nokia announced the failure of its product, in light of poor sales (fewer than three million units sold during the platform's three-year run, against projections of six million). Nokia ceased to consider gaming a corporate priority until 2007, when it expected improved screen sizes and quality to increase demand.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080112091157/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2146487/nokia-holds-fire-mobile-gaming Nokia holds fire on mobile gaming] vuunet.com, Nov 23, 2005 However, Nokia's presence in the cell phone market was soon eclipsed by the iPhone and later Android phones, causing development to gravitate to them and sealing the fate of the N-Gage brand. In 2012, Nokia abandoned development on the Symbian OS which was the base for N-Gage and transitioned to Windows Phone.

{{Main|64DD}}

File:64DD-Attached.jpg (top) connected to 64DD (bottom)]]

A disk drive add-on and Internet appliance for the Nintendo 64, it was first announced at 1995's Nintendo Shoshinkai game show event (now called Nintendo World). The 64DD was repeatedly and notoriously delayed until its release in Japan on December 1, 1999. Nintendo, anticipating poor sales, sold the 64DD through mail order and bundled with its Randnet dialup subscription service instead of directly to retailers or consumers. As a result, the 64DD was supported by Nintendo for only a short period of time and only nine games were released for it. It was never released outside Japan. Most 64DD games were either cancelled entirely, released as normal Nintendo 64 cartridges or ported to other systems such as Nintendo's next-generation GameCube. Upon announcement of the cancellation of Randnet in 2001, Nintendo reported a total of 15,000 current 64DD users on Randnet.{{cite magazine | title=The 64 Dream | magazine=The 64 Dream | date=February 2001}}

{{Main|Nuon (DVD technology)}}

The Nuon is a DVD decoding chip from VM Labs that is also a fully programmable CPU with graphics and sound capabilities. The idea was that a manufacturer could use the chip instead of an existing MPEG-2 decoder, thus turning a DVD player into a game console. A year after launch, only eight games were available.{{cite web|last1=Moss|first1=Richard|title=Remembering Nuon, the gaming chip that nearly changed the world—but didn't|url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/06/before-the-ps2-nuon-famously-tried-and-failed-to-combine-dvd-and-game-consoles/|website=arstechnica|date=June 28, 2015}} One game, Iron Soldier 3, was recalled for not being compatible with all systems.{{cite magazine|last=Charnock|first=Tom|title=The History Of: Iron Soldier|magazine=Retro Gamer|issue=165|publisher=Future Publishing|date=March 2017|pages=76–81}}

{{Main|Ouya}}

The Ouya is an Android-based microconsole released in 2013 by Ouya, Inc. Even though the Ouya was a success on Kickstarter, the product was plagued by problems from the beginning.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/may/17/ouya-video-startups-kickstarter-failures-champions-crowdfunding |title=What happens to video startups that make millions on Kickstarter |website=TheGuardian.com |date=17 May 2015 |access-date=2016-06-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120000235/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/may/17/ouya-video-startups-kickstarter-failures-champions-crowdfunding |archive-date=2016-11-20 }} The console was very slow to ship and suffered hardware issues.{{cite web|url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/06/25/ouya-official-launch-version-review-no |title=Ouya Official Launch Version Review: No |date=25 June 2013 |access-date=2016-06-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909001713/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/06/25/ouya-official-launch-version-review-no/ |archive-date=2016-09-09 }} On top of this, the console had a very limited library of games.{{cite web|url=http://www.tomsguide.com/us/ways-ouya-console-failed,review-1881.html |title=Gaming Articles |access-date=2016-06-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512012623/http://www.tomsguide.com/us/ways-ouya-console-failed%2Creview-1881.html |archive-date=2016-05-12 }} The critical reception ranged from lukewarm to outright calling the console a scam.{{cite news |last=Segan |first=Sascha |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2407046,00.asp |title=Why Kickstarter's Ouya Looks Like a Scam |publisher=Pcmag.com |date=July 12, 2012 |access-date=May 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406082819/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2407046,00.asp |archive-date=April 6, 2013 |url-status=live }} Just two years after its release, Ouya was in a dire financial situation and negotiated a buyout with Razer.{{cite web|url=http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/208242-the-gaming-revolution-that-wasnt-razer-acquires-console-maker-ouya |title=The gaming revolution that wasn't: Razer acquires console maker Ouya – ExtremeTech |access-date=2016-06-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518004818/http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/208242-the-gaming-revolution-that-wasnt-razer-acquires-console-maker-ouya |archive-date=2016-05-18 }} Razer continued to run software services for Ouya until June 2019, after which the company deactivated all accounts and online services, rendering most apps unusable.{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/22/18635800/razer-ouya-kickstarter-gaming-service-shutting-down-june-25 | title= Ouya will be shut down for good on June 25th | first = Chris | last = Welch | date = May 22, 2019 | access-date = May 22, 2019 | work = The Verge }}

{{Main|PC-FX}}

The PC-FX is the successor to the PC Engine (aka TurboGrafx-16), released by NEC in late 1994. Originally intended to compete with the Super Famicom and the Mega Drive, it instead wound up competing with the PlayStation, Sega Saturn, and Nintendo 64. The console's 32-bit architecture was created in 1992, and by 1994 it was outdated, largely due to the fact that it was unable to create 3D images, instead utilizing an architecture that relied on JPEG video. The PC-FX was severely underpowered compared to other fifth generation consoles and had a very low budget marketing campaign, with the system never managing to gain a foothold against its competition or a significant part of the marketshare. The PC-FX was discontinued in early 1998 so that NEC could focus on providing graphics processing units for the upcoming Sega Dreamcast. Around this time, NEC announced that they had only sold 100,000 units with a library of only 62 titles, most of which were dating sims. It was never released outside Japan.

{{Main|PlayStation Classic}}

File:PlayStation Classic Konsole + Controller (weißer Hintergrund).jpg

Following the release of Nintendo's NES Classic Edition and SNES Classic Edition, microconsoles that included over 20 preloaded classic games from those respective systems, Sony followed suit with the PlayStation Classic. Like the Nintendo systems, the PlayStation Classic was presented as a smaller form factor of the original PlayStation preloaded with 20 games. It was launched in early December 2018 with a suggested retail price of {{USD|99}}. The system was heavily criticized at launch. For nine of the games, it used PAL versions (favored primarily in European market) rather than NTSC (favored primarily in North American market and Japan), meaning they ran at a slower 50 Hz clock compared to the 60 Hz, which caused notable frame rate problems and impacted the gameplay style for some of the more highly-interactive titles.{{Clarify|reason:If the frame rate issues were due to development mistakes or saving costs on portability it shouldn't be pinned on PAL.|date=July 2023}} The emulation also lacked the feature set that Nintendo had set with its microconsoles.{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2018/12/3/18123851/playstation-classic-pal-games-emulation | title =The PlayStation Classic's emulation is even worse than we thought | first = Ben | last = Kuchera | date = December 3, 2018 | access-date = April 29, 2019 | work = Polygon }} The included game list, while varied by region, also was noted to lack many of the titles that had made the original PlayStation successful, and had a heavy focus on the early games on the console. Some of these absences were attributed to intellectual rights (for example, Activision holding the rights to Crash Bandicoot, Spyro the Dragon, and Tony Hawk's), but other omissions were considered odd and disappointing.{{cite web | url = https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/10/playstation-classics-full-game-list-is-missing-at-least-one-of-your-faves/ | title= PlayStation Classic's full game list announced, and it might annoy you | first = Sam | last = Machkovech | date = October 29, 2018 |access-date = April 29, 2019 | work = Ars Technica }} The system sold poorly and within the month, its suggested retail price had dropped to {{USD|59}}.{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/deals/2018/12/26/18156255/playstation-classic-sale-price-discount-holidays-chrismas | title= PlayStation Classic is now only $59.99 | first =Ben | last = Kuchera | date = December 26, 2018 | access-date = April 29, 2019 | work = Polygon }} By April 2019, the price had dropped to {{USD|30}}, and CNET described the PlayStation classic as "arguably one of the top flops of 2018".{{cite web |last1=Broida |first1=Rick |title=The Sony PlayStation Classic hits a new low: Just $30 |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/the-sony-playstation-classic-deal-new-low-30/ |website=CNET |access-date=May 13, 2019 |date=April 11, 2019}}

{{Main|PlayStation Vita}}

File:PlayStation-Vita-1101-FL.jpg

Sony's second major handheld game console, the PlayStation Vita, was released in Japan in 2011 and in the West the following year.{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2011/09/14/tgs-sony-reveals-vitas-release-date|title=TGS: Sony Reveals Vita's Release Date|author=Colin Moriarty|date=September 14, 2011|work=IGN|access-date=April 29, 2019}}{{cite web | url= http://blog.us.playstation.com/2011/10/27/get-your-hands-on-ps-vita-early-with-the-first-edition-bundle/ |title= Get Your Hands on PS Vita Early with the First Edition Bundle | type = blog | date =October 27, 2011|access-date = October 27, 2011|publisher=Sony|work = PlayStation Blog}} The successor to the PlayStation Portable, Sony's intent with the system was to blend the experience of big budget, dedicated video game platforms with the trend of mobile gaming.{{cite web |last1=Tach |first1=Dave |title=PlayStation Vita may die childless, but it changed Sony in time for PS4 |url=https://www.polygon.com/features/2015/10/29/9409697/playstation-vita-successor-changed-sony-shahid-ahmad-ps4 |website=Polygon |date=29 October 2015 |access-date=April 29, 2019}} With a relatively low price, a robust launch title assortment, and a strong debut, analysts predicted the Vita would be a success.{{cite web |last1=Moriarty |first1=Colin |title=PlayStation Vita: Two Years Later |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/12/17/playstation-vita-two-years-later |website=IGN |access-date=April 29, 2019 |date=December 17, 2013}} However, sales tanked shortly after release;{{cite web |last1=Orland |first1=Kyle |title=Report: Wii U, Vita continue poor US sales performance in March |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2013/04/report-wii-u-vita-continue-poor-us-sales-performance-in-march/ |website=Ars Technica |access-date=April 29, 2019 |date=April 19, 2013}}{{cite web |last1=Fogel |first1=Stephanie |title=PlayStation Vita sales see 78% drop during Christmas week |url=https://venturebeat.com/2011/12/28/playstation-vita-sales-drop/ |website=VentureBeat |access-date=April 29, 2019 |date=December 28, 2011}} for instance, during Christmas 2011, sales saw a 78% drop in Japan. By 2018, when Sony announced it would end physical game production for the system, the Vita had sold fewer than 15 million units. Hardware production for the Vita ended entirely in March 2019,{{cite web |last1=Romano |first1=Sal |title=PS Vita production ended in Japan |url=https://gematsu.com/2019/03/ps-vita-production-ended-in-japan |website=Gematsu |access-date=May 13, 2019 |date=March 1, 2019}} and Sony does not plan to release a successor.{{cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Matt |title=PS Vita Production in Japan Will End in 2019, No Successor Planned |url=https://www.usgamer.net/articles/ps-vita-will-cease-production-in-japan-in-2019-no-successor-planned |website=USGamer |access-date=May 13, 2019 |date=September 20, 2018}} GamesIndustry.biz attributed the Vita's failure to a number of factors, including competition from smartphones and Nintendo's rival 3DS platform, its design being too conceptually similar to the PSP, and a general lack of support from Sony and other developers.{{cite web |last1=Fahey |first1=Rob |title=Reassessing the legacy of PlayStation Vita |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-05-17-reassessing-the-legacy-of-playstation-vita |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=April 29, 2019 |date=May 18, 2018}}

{{Main|PSX (digital video recorder)}}

Built upon the PlayStation 2, the PSX enhanced multimedia derivative was touted to bring convergence to the living room in 2003 by including non-gaming features such as a DVD recorder, TV tuner, and multi-use hard drive.[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/05/29/BU43824.DTL&type=business "Sony adds Bells and Whistles to PlayStation 2"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525130844/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2003%2F05%2F29%2FBU43824.DTL&type=business |date=May 25, 2011 }}, San Francisco Gate, May 29, 2003 The device was considered a failure upon its Japanese release due to its high price and lack of consumer interest,[http://community.teamxbox.com/xbox/1177/Next-Gen-Console-Wars-Revenge-of-Kutaragi/p1/ "Next Gen Console Wars: Revenge of Kutaragi"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123023219/http://community.teamxbox.com/xbox/1177/Next-Gen-Console-Wars-Revenge-of-Kutaragi/p1/ |date=January 23, 2013 }}, TeamXbox website, June 13, 2005 which resulted in the cancellation of plans to release it in the rest of the world. Not only was it an unsuccessful attempt by Sony Computer Entertainment head Ken Kutaragi to revive the ailing consumer electronics division,[https://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/2005/pulpit_20050310_000845.html "Mr. Idei's Kurosawa Ending"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115052/http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/2005/pulpit_20050310_000845.html |date=March 4, 2016 }}, Robert X. Cringely, March 10, 2005 it also hurt Sony's media convergence plans.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/comment-psx-failure-is-a-blow-to-sonys-convergence-dreams |title=PSX Failure is a Blow to Sony's Convergence Dreams |date=10 September 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213082242/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=4375 |archive-date=2007-12-13}} Rob Fahey, October 9, 2004

{{Main|Sega Saturn}}

File:Sega-Saturn-Console-Set-Mk1.png

The Sega Saturn was the successor to the Genesis as a 32-bit fifth-generation console, released in Japan in November 1994 and in Western markets mid-1995. The console was designed as a competitor to Sony's PlayStation, released nearly at the same time. With the system selling well in Japan and Sega wanting to get a head start over the PlayStation in North America, the company decided to release the system in May instead of September 1995, which was the same time the PlayStation was going to be released in North America. This left little time to promote the product and limited quantities of the system available at retail. Sega's release strategy also backfired when, shortly after Sega's announcement, Sony announced the price of the PlayStation as being $100 less than the list price for the Saturn.{{cite web | url = http://www.usgamer.net/articles/the-lost-child-of-a-house-divided-a-sega-saturn-retrospective | title = The Lost Child of a House Divided: A Sega Saturn Retrospective | publisher = US Gamer | date = November 18, 2014 | access-date = September 9, 2015 | first = Jeremy | last = Parish | archive-date = December 15, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141215095100/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/the-lost-child-of-a-house-divided-a-sega-saturn-retrospective | url-status = dead }}{{cite journal|last1=Gallagher|first1=Scott|last2=Park|first2=Seung Ho|title=Innovation and Competition in Standard-Based Industries: A Historical Analysis of the U.S. Home Video Game Market|journal=IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management|volume=49|number=1|date=February 2002|pages=67–82|doi=10.1109/17.985749}} The console also suffered from behind the scenes management conflicts and a lack of coordination between the Japanese and North American branches of the company, leading to the Saturn to be released shortly after the release of the 32X, which created distribution and retail problems. By the end of 1996, the PlayStation had sold 2.9 million units in the U.S., with only 1.2 million units sold by the Saturn.{{cite journal|last=Schilling|first=Mellissa A.|title=Technological Leapfrogging: Lessons From the U.S. Video Game Console Industry|journal=California Management Review|volume=45|number=3|date=Spring 2003|pages=12, 23|doi=10.2307/41166174|jstor=41166174|s2cid=114838931|quote=Lack of distribution may have contributed significantly to the failure of the Sega Saturn to gain an installed base. Sega had limited distribution for its Saturn launch, which may have slowed the building of its installed base both directly (because consumers had limited access to the product) and indirectly (because distributors that were initially denied product may have been reluctant to promote the product after the limitations were lifted). Nintendo, by contrast, had unlimited distribution for its Nintendo 64 launch, and Sony not only had unlimited distribution, but had extensive experience with negotiating with retailing giants such as Wal-Mart for its consumer electronics products.}} With the added competition from the subsequent release of the Nintendo 64, the Saturn lost market share in North America and was discontinued by 1999. With lifetime sales estimated at 9.5 million units worldwide, the Saturn is considered a commercial failure.{{cite journal|journal=Brandweek|title=Looking for a Sonic Boom|author=Lefton, Terry|volume=9|issue=39|year=1998|pages=26–29}} The cancellation of a game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series, known in development as Sonic X-treme, has been considered a significant factor in the console's struggle to find an audience. The impact of the failure of the Saturn carried over into Sega's next console, the Dreamcast. However, the console gained interest in Japan and was not officially discontinued until December 7, 2000.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

{{Main|Google Stadia}}

Google released Stadia, a cloud gaming platform using the power of its existing data centers, in November 2019. Players could access games through web browsers, Chromecast devices, or on mobile platforms. In addition to partnering with several developers to release titles on Stadia, Google created its own Stadia Games and Entertainment division with Jade Raymond as its lead, along with acquired a handful of existing studios. Unlike prior streaming options where players had access to the full set of titles for a monthly subscription fee, Google opted to have players buy each game they wanted to play, in addition to offering a subscription tier that offered free games. This approach did not obtain significant traction with users, and by February 2021, the company closed down Stadia Games and shuttered the studios it had acquired, stating that it took too much significant investment to develop games, and instead would continue to focus on bringing other titles to the service. After another troubled year, Google stated in February 2022 they would be working to use Stadia's technology as a white-label product for corporate partners, such as delivering game demos over streaming technology.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/the-rise-and-fall-of-stadia | title = The rise and fall of Stadia | first = James | last= Batchelor | date = October 6, 2022 | accessdate= October 8, 2022 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }} In September 2022, Google announced they were shuttering Stadia as a consumer product, with the service going offline in January 2023 and supplying refunds for those that purchased equipment, subscriptions and games. Google said "it hasn't gained the traction with users that we expected" as the reason for the shutdown, though intended to use the technology in its other business sectors.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/stadia-shutting-down | title = Stadia shutting down | first= Brendan | last = Sinclair | date = September 29, 2022 | accessdate = October 8, 2022 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }} Game journalists believed that Google did not make Stadia a unique offering with nearly no exclusives, escalated by the shutting down of its studios, and requiring players to repurchase games at full price to play them on the service.{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/games/2022/oct/04/google-stadia-is-going-offline-for-good | title = Pushing Buttons: Why did Google Stadia fail? | first= Keza | last= MacDonald | date = October 4, 2022 | accessdate = October 8, 2022 | work = The Guardian }} Stadia also failed to offer a latency advantage over other streaming services that was promised when announced, and Google had been slow to roll out Stadia internationally, remaining behind GeForce Now and Xbox Cloud Gaming as of February 2022.{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/story/google-should-kill-stadia/ | title = Google Stadia Is a Failure. The Company Should Kill It | first = Ron | last = Amadeo | date = February 18, 2022 | accessdate = October 8, 2022 | magazine = Wired }}

{{Main|uDraw GameTablet}}

The uDraw GameTablet is a graphics tablet developed by THQ for use on seventh generation video game consoles, which was initially released for the Wii in late 2010. Versions for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 were released in late 2011. THQ also invested in several games that would uniquely use the tablet, such as uDraw Pictionary. The Wii version had positive sales, with more than 1.7 million units sold, prompting the introduction of the unit for the other console systems.{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-05-03-thq-announces-udraw-for-ps3-360 | title = THQ announces uDraw for PS3/360 | date = 2011-05-03 | access-date = 2012-04-10 | first = Fred | last = Dutton | website = Eurogamer }} These units did not share the same popularity; 2011 holiday sales in North America fell $100 million below company targets with more than 1.4 million units left unsold by February 2012.{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-02-02-thq-details-full-extent-of-udraw-disaster | title = THQ details full extent of uDraw disaster | date = 2012-02-02 | access-date = 2012-04-10 | first = Fred | last = Dutton | website = Eurogamer}} THQ commented that if they had not attempted to sell these versions of uDraw, the company would have been profitable that respective quarter, but instead suffered an overall $56 million loss. Because of this failure, THQ was forced to shelve some of its less-successful franchises, such as the Red Faction series.{{cite web | url = https://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20120202-720600.html | title = UPDATE: THQ Attempts To Remake Business After UDraw Failure | publisher = Dow Jones Newswires | date = 2012-02-02 | access-date = 2012-04-10 | first = Ian | last = Sherr }}{{cite web | url = http://www.strategyinformer.com/news/22355/thqs-udraw-failure-invalidated-saints-row-the-thirds-success | title = THQ's UDraw failure "invalidated" Saints Row: The Third's success | first = Simon | last = Priest | date = 2013-03-22 | access-date = 2013-06-25 | publisher = Strategy Informer | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130709094433/http://www.strategyinformer.com/news/22355/thqs-udraw-failure-invalidated-saints-row-the-thirds-success | archive-date = 2013-07-09 }} THQ would eventually file for bankruptcy and sell off its assets in early 2013.{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2013/01/thq-bankrupt/ | title= THQ Is Dead. Here's Where Its Games Are Going | first = Chris | last =Kohler | date = 2013-01-23 | access-date = 2013-06-25 | magazine = Wired }}{{cite web | url = https://variety.com/2018/gaming/features/thq-jason-rubin-telltale-games-1203088560/ | title = What THQ's Demise Can Teach About Telltale Games and Other Company Closures | first = Michael | last= Futter | date = December 18, 2018 | access-date = December 18, 2018 | work = Variety }}

{{Main|Vectrex}}

Though its independent monitor could display only monochrome visuals, the console's vector-based graphics and arcade-style controller with analog joystick{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} allowed developers to create a strong games library with faithful conversions of arcade hits and critically praised exclusives. However, its release shortly before the video game crash of 1983 doomed it to an early grave.Barton, Matt and Loguidice, Bill. (2007). [http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3117/a_history_of_gaming_platforms_the_.php A History of Gaming Platforms: The Vectrex] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416003157/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3117/a_history_of_gaming_platforms_the_.php |date=April 16, 2016 }}, Gamasutra.

{{Main|Virtual Boy}}

File:Mario's Tennis screenshot.png as displayed on a Virtual Boy emulator. The red/blue format simulates the Virtual Boy's 3D display.{{3d glasses}}]] This red monochromatic 3-D "virtual reality" system was widely panned by critics and failed due to issues related to players getting eye strain, stiff necks, nausea, and headaches when playing it, along with the console's price and lack of portability. It came out in 1995 and was Nintendo's first failed console release. Gunpei Yokoi, the designer of the platform and the person largely credited for the success of the original Game Boy handheld and the Metroid series of games, resigned from the company shortly after the Virtual Boy ceased sales in order to start his own company, although for reasons unrelated to the console's success.{{cite web |url=http://www.n-sider.com/contentview.php?contentid=222 |title=n-sider profile, Gunpei Yokoi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040404130954/http://n-sider.com/articleview.php?articleid=270 |archive-date=2004-04-04}} The Virtual Boy was included in a Time "50 Worst Inventions" list published in May 2010.{{cite magazine | url = http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1991915_1991909_1991900,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100530052259/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1991915_1991909_1991900,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 30, 2010 | title = The 50 Worst Inventions – Nintendo Virtual Boy | first = Dan | last = Fletcher | date = 2010-05-27 | access-date = 2010-05-29 | magazine = Time }}

{{Main|Wii U}}

File:Wii U Console and Gamepad.png

Nintendo's Wii U was released in November 2012. It was designed as a successor to the Wii to provide a more sophisticated experience and draw back "core" gamers that had dismissed the Wii, which they found was aimed for casual gameplay.{{cite web|url=http://e3.nintendo.com/iwataasks/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205152/http://e3.nintendo.com/iwataasks/|archive-date=September 29, 2011|url-status=dead|title=Iwata Asks: E3 2011 Special Edition|page=7|access-date=June 9, 2011|quote=Iwata: The other things is, shortly after the Wii console was released, people in the gaming media and game enthusiasts started recognizing the Wii as a casual machine aimed toward families, and placed game consoles by Microsoft and Sony in a very similar light with each other, saying these are machines aimed towards those who passionately play games. [...] It was a categorization between games that were aimed towards core, and casual.}}{{cite web|url=http://e3.nintendo.com/iwataasks/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205152/http://e3.nintendo.com/iwataasks/|archive-date=September 29, 2011|url-status=dead|title=Iwata Asks: E3 2011 Special Edition|page=7|access-date=June 9, 2011|quote=Iwata: On the other hand, I certainly do not think that Wii was able to cater to every gamer's needs, so that's also something I wanted to resolve. [...] The keyword for our presentation at this year's E3 is "Deeper and Wider". With Wii U, I would like to offer this proposal with that idea}} The Wii U features the GamePad, the unit's primary controller with a touchscreen allowing for dual-screen play similar to the Nintendo DS line, or can be used for off-TV play.{{cite web|title=Nintendo Unveils Wii U, Controller With Built-In 6.2" Touchscreen | url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/171695/Nintendo_reveals_Wii_Us_Miiverse_new_hardware_specifics.php |website=Gamasutra| date=3 June 2012 |access-date=June 4, 2012}} Though the Wii U received positive coverage, it had low sales of fewer than 14 million units by the end of 2016 compared to the Wii's lifetime of 101 million units.{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/2016/12/goodbye-wii-u/ | title = A Farewell to Wii U, the Game System for Nobody | first = Chris | last= Kohler | date= December 22, 2016 | access-date = January 18, 2017 | magazine = Wired }} Nintendo executives attributed the poor sales of the Wii U to a combination of factors. They admitted their messaging of the Wii U's abilities had not been clear, leading to a general perception that the unit was primarily a tablet system or an add-on to the original Wii rather than a new home console.{{cite web | url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/baig/2017/01/14/nintendos-reggie-fils-aime-why-switch-different-wii-u/96582926/ | title = Nintendo's Reggie Fils-Aime: Why Switch is different from Wii U | first = Edward | last =Baig | date = January 14, 2017 | access-date = January 18, 2017 | work = USA Today }} They also recognized a failure to manage their game release schedule, and to garner significant support from third-party publishers and developers, leaving the Wii U library with gaps in software releases.{{Cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/nintendo-exec-on-the-two-reasons-why-switch-wont-s/1100-6446987/ | title = Nintendo Exec on the Two Reasons Why Switch Won't Struggle Like Wii U Did | first = Eddie | last = Makuch | date = January 17, 2017 | access-date = January 17, 2017 | work = GameSpot }}{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/feb/03/rip-wii-u-nintendos-glorious-quirky-failure | title = RIP Wii U: Nintendo's glorious, quirky failure | first = Keith | last = Stewart | date = February 3, 2017 | access-date = February 5, 2017 | work = The Guardian}} Nintendo stated an expectation to sell 100 million Wii U units,{{cite web | url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-07-07-wii-u-was-expected-to-sell-100-million-units | title = Wii U was expected to sell 100 million units | first = James | last = Brightman | date = July 7, 2016 | access-date = July 7, 2016 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }} and this over-estimation of sales contributed to several financial quarters of losses through 2016.{{cite web| url = https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/27/12294482/nintendo-earnings-q1-2016 | title = Nintendo records $49 million operating loss as Wii U sales crumble | first = Sam | last = Byford | date = July 27, 2016 | access-date = January 18, 2017 | work = The Verge }}{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42885803 | title = Nintendo Switch overtakes the Wii U | date = January 31, 2018 | access-date = January 31, 2018 | work = BBC }} Nintendo's next console, the Nintendo Switch, became a "make or break" product for the company due to the Wii U's failure, according to Reggie Fils-Aimé,{{cite web | url = https://www.vg247.com/2021/01/30/reggie-switch-switch-wii-u/ | title = Reggie: Switch was a "make or break product" for Nintendo that "luckily was a hit" | date = January 30, 2021 | accessdate= January 30, 2021 | work = VG247 }} and its development and marketing avoided several of the pitfalls that occurred for the Wii U;{{cite web | url = https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/09/technology/nintendo-switch-wii-u/index.html | title = Nintendo exec: Failed Wii U is responsible for Switch's success | first = Kaya | last = Yuriff | date = November 9, 2017 | access-date =November 10, 2017 | work = CNN }}{{cite web | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/29/technology/nintendo-switch.html| title = Nintendo's Switch Brings Some Magic Back | first = Simon | last = Parkin | date = December 29, 2017 | access-date = January 1, 2018 | work = The New York Times }} The Switch proved successful quickly, outselling the lifetime sales of the Wii U within nine months of its release.{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42885803 | title = Nintendo Switch overtakes the Wii U | date = January 31, 2018 | access-date = January 31, 2018 | work = BBC News }} The Wii U was discontinued worldwide on January 31, 2017, a month before the Nintendo Switch was released.{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/wii-u-production-has-officially-ended-for-japan-1791813878|title=Wii U Production Has Officially Ended For Japan [Update]|first=Brian|last=Ashcraft|date=31 January 2017 }}

{{split section|portions=this section and the next one below|List of video game software and arcade failures|date=March 2025}}

{{See also|List of video games notable for negative reception}}

The following is an incomplete list of software that have been deemed commercial failures by industry sources.

{{Main|Anthem (video game)}}

Anthem is an action role-playing game developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts in 2019. Its seven-year-long development period started after release of Mass Effect 3, and was envisioned by BioWare to move away from the typical role-playing formats of Mass Effect and Dragon Age, and become a type of live-service game. The game had a difficult development cycle due to shifting staff, technological difficulties in switching to the Frostbite Engine, and demands from EA's management on the direction of the game. Other BioWare projects from its other studios were put on hold to complete Anthem for release, and according to one BioWare developer, it was only the work of the last fifteen months of development that made it into the game.{{cite web | url = https://kotaku.com/how-biowares-anthem-went-wrong-1833731964 | title = How BioWare's Anthem Went Wrong | date = April 2, 2019 | accessdate = November 1, 2024 | work = Kotaku | first = Jason | last = Schreier }} Due to this rush near the end of the development cycle, the game was considered to be lacking content at release, contained numerous software bugs that plagued gameplay, and was found too similar to other live-service games like Destiny and World of Warcraft. BioWare and EA had stated their intent to revamp the game to meet expectations, but the game struggled to maintain a playbase. Though the game ultimately sold over 5 million copies in its lifetime, EA had anticipated sales to be much higher and comparable to the Battlefield series, and in 2021, EA opted to terminate further development work on Anthem, though its game servers remain active as of 2024.{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-56070175 | title = What happened to Anthem? The blockbuster game that failed to find a community | first = Vikki | last = Blake | date = February 15, 2021 | accessdate = November 1, 2024 | work = BBC News }}{{cite web | url = https://www.pcgamer.com/games/is-concord-the-biggest-live-service-failure-of-all-time-heres-how-it-stacks-up-next-to-other-major-flops/ | title = Is Concord the biggest live service failure of all time? Here's how it stacks up next to other major flops | first = Tyler | last = Wilde | date = October 30, 2024 | accessdate = November 1, 2024 | work = PC Gamer }}

{{Main|APB: All Points Bulletin}}

APB: All Points Bulletin was a multiplayer online game developed by Realtime Worlds in 2010. The game, incorporating concepts from their previous game Crackdown and past work by its lead developer David Jones, who had helped create the Grand Theft Auto series, was set around the idea of a large-scale urban battle between Enforcers and Criminals; players would be able to partake in large-scale on-going missions between the two sides. The game was originally set as both a Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360 title and as Realtime Worlds' flagship title for release in 2008, but instead the company set about developing Crackdown first, and later focused APB as a Windows-only title, potentially porting the game to the Xbox 360 later. Upon launch in June 2010, the game received lukewarm reviews, hampered by the existence of a week-long review embargo, and did not attract the expected number of subscribers to maintain its business model.{{cite web | url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-08-17-realtime-worlds-enters-administration-article | title = Realtime Worlds enters administration | publisher = Gamesindustry.biz | first = Phil | last= Elliot | date =2010-08-17 | access-date = 2010-10-10 }} Realtime Worlds, suffering from the commercial failure of the game, sold off a second project, Project MyWorld, and subsequently reduced its operations to administration and a skeleton crew to manage the APB servers while they attempted to find a buyer, including possibly Epic Games who had expressed interest in the title. However, without any acceptable offers, the company was forced to shut down APB in September 2010.{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-09-16-apb-plug-to-be-pulled | title = APB "plug to be pulled" within 24 hours | first = Johnny | last =Minkley | date =2010-09-16 | access-date = 2010-10-10 | website =Eurogamer }} Eventually, the game was sold to K2 Network, a company that has brought other Asian massive-multiplayer online games to the Western markets as free-to-play titles, and similar changes occurred to APB when it was relaunched by K2.{{cite web | url = http://www.1up.com/news/apb-bought-free-to-play-company-k2 | title = APB Bought by Free-to-Play Company K2 Network | first = Steve | last = Watts | date = 2010-11-11 | access-date = 2010-11-29 | website = 1UP.com | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111127233121/http://www.1up.com/news/apb-bought-free-to-play-company-k2 | archive-date = 2011-11-27 }}

{{main|Artifact (video game)}}

Artifact is a 2018 digital collectible card game (CCG), designed by Richard Garfield, the creator of Magic: The Gathering, and developed by Valve Corporation. It was designed as a spinoff from Dota 2, and while playing out encounters with cards worked similar to other CCGs like Hearthstone, the game used the concept of multiple lanes from Dota 2, with three different playfields involved at all times. Instead of a free to play model, Artifact was released at a premium cost, and encouraged players to buy new booster packs and trade and sell individual cards on the Steam Marketplace. Valve envisioned Artifact to draw competitive players and lead to esports tournaments.{{cite web | url = https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/03/valves-making-games-again-hands-on-with-artifact-digital-trading-cards/#gsc.tab=0 | title = Valve's making games again: Hands-on with Artifact's digital trading cards | first = Sam | last = Machkovech | date = March 9, 2018 | accessdate = November 3, 2024 | work = Ars Technica }} At launch, the game was found to be overly complex and relied too much on random number generation mechanics in gameplay, and the monetization approach was considered as "pay to win", requiring players to invest in new cards as to be able to compete. Within half a year from release, its player base has significantly dropped;{{cite web | url =https://www.polygon.com/2019/3/29/18287570/valve-artifact-statement-updates | title = Valve puts Artifact updates on hold to reexamine game's design, economy | first = Michael | last =McWhertor | date = March 29, 2019 | accessdate = November 3, 2024 | work = Polygon }} some users on Twitch began using channels labeled for Artifact to stream inappropriate content on the basis of such streams having low viewerships by that point, forcing Twitch to take moderation actions.{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2019/5/28/18643198/twitch-artifact-section-stream-suspended | title = Twitch suspends streaming for new users as it fights off Artifact trolls | first = Cass | last = Marshall | date = May 29, 2019 | accessdate = November 3, 2024 | work = Polygon }} Valve stated in around this time that they were planned to reevaluate and redesign the game to meet complaints from players.{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/how-artifact-became-valves-biggest-failure | title = How Artifact became Valve's biggest failure | first = Mike | last = Stubbs | date = July 3, 2019 | accessdate = November 3, 2024 | work = Eurogamer }} Artifact 2.0 was put into beta testing in March 2020, with one of the largest changes being the removal of the monetization options for obtaining cards.{{cite web | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/artifact-20-beta-gameplay-changes-detailed-valve-will-no-longer-sell-cards | title = Artifact 2.0 Beta Gameplay Changes Detailed, Valve Will No Longer Sell Cards | first = Matt | last = Kim | date = March 30, 2020 | accessdate = November 3, 2024 | work = IGN }} By March 2021, Valve decided to end development of Artifact, and released two free versions of the game in its current state, Artifact Classic, which incorporated the gameplay of the original release, and Artifact Foundary, which included the changes envisioned for the v2.0 release. Both versions completely removed monetization options.{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/4/22314103/valve-ending-development-artifact-tcg-dota-2 | title = Valve has ended development on Artifact | first = Cameron | last = Faulkner | date = March 4, 2021 | accessdate = November 3, 2024 | work = The Verge }} Valve's CEO Gabe Newell called Artifact a "giant disappointment" though considered its failure a learning experience.{{cite web | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/gabe-newell-artifact-giant-disappointment-valve | title = Gabe Newell: Artifact Was a 'Giant Disappointment' | first = Joe | last = Skrebels | date = March 18, 2020 | accessdate = November 3, 2024 | work = IGN }}

{{Main|Babylon's Fall}}

Babylon's Fall was an online action role-playing game developed by PlatinumGames and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5 and PC. The game was PlatinumGames' first attempt at a live service game, and was described as an attempt to combine the combat system featured on Nier: Automata with multiplayer, although the game could also be played solo.{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Graham |date=2021-06-13 |title=Babylon's Fall aims to be a Nier Automata that never ends |language=en |work=Rock, Paper, Shotgun |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/babylons-fall-aims-to-be-a-nier-automata-that-never-ends |access-date=2022-09-30}} Originally teased at E3 2018,{{Cite web |last=Farokhmanesh |first=Megan |date=2018-06-11 |title=Babylon's Fall is a new game coming from the creator of Bayonetta |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/11/17449562/babylons-fall-platinumgames-e3-2018-square-enix |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}} Babylon's Fall would suffer a multitude of delays away from its initial planned 2019 release date, with the game being further delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic.{{Cite web |last=Tony |date=2022-02-24 |title=Interview with: Kenji Saito and Takahisa Sugiyama on Babylon's Fall from PlatinumGames • JPGAMES.DE |url=https://jpgames.de/2022/02/interview-with-kenji-saito-and-takahisa-sugiyama-on-babylons-fall-from-platinumgames/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=JPGAMES.DE |language=de-DE}}{{Cite web |last=Bosso |first=Axel Nicolás |date=2022-02-28 |title=Babylon's Fall Interview: "There Will Be Lots Of Differing Opinions About It" |url=https://www.thegamer.com/babylons-fall-kenji-saito-takahisa-sugiyama-interview/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=TheGamer |language=en-US}}

Upon its eventual release on March 3, 2022, Babylon's Fall was met with little fanfare and received generally negative reviews from critics and players, many who criticised the game's lacklustre mechanics and combat, with several critics calling the game overpriced.{{Cite web |title=Babylon's Fall |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/babylons-fall/critic-reviews/?platform=pc |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=Metacritic |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=King |first=Jade |date=2022-09-13 |title=Babylon's Fall Was A Waste Of Time, Money, And Effort We Need To Learn From |url=https://www.thegamer.com/babylons-fall-square-enix-platinum-games-failure-live-service/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=TheGamer |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Bowen |first=Tom |date=2023-01-21 |title=5 Live Service Games that Died Before Their Time |url=https://gamerant.com/live-service-games-support-ended-shutdown-failed/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Game Rant |language=en}} The concurrent player count for Babylon's Fall only peaked at 1,179 on release day,{{Cite web |last=Shutler |first=Ali |date=2022-03-04 |title='Babylon's Fall' peaks at just 1,179 concurrent PC players on release day |url=https://www.nme.com/news/gaming-news/babylons-fall-peaks-at-just-1179-concurrent-pc-players-on-release-day-3175912 |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=NME |language=en-GB}} and player numbers declined rapidly afterwards; by April 13, 2022, it was reported that the game's player count had fallen to below 10 concurrent players, and on May 4, 2022, the player count reportedly dropped to a single player.{{Cite news |date=2022-05-08 |title=Babylon's Fall's concurrent PC player count fell to just one this week |language=en-gb |work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/babylons-falls-concurrent-pc-player-count-fell-to-just-one-this-week |access-date=2022-09-30}} On September 13, 2022, Square Enix announced that they would be ending support for Babylon's Fall on February 27, 2023, and suspended digital sales of the game and in-game currency, despite initially promising that they were intending to support the game in the long-term.{{Cite web |last=Mazanko |first=Vlad |date=2022-09-13 |title=Babylon's Fall Is Shutting Down |url=https://www.thegamer.com/babylons-fall-is-shutting-down/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=TheGamer |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Grimshaw |first=Jack |date=2022-03-20 |title='Babylon's Fall' developers say the game isn't in danger |url=https://www.nme.com/news/gaming-news/babylons-fall-developers-say-the-game-isnt-in-danger-3186008 |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |last=Square |first=Push |date=2022-09-13 |title=Square Enix Sends Babylon's Fall to the Grave in February 2023 |url=https://www.pushsquare.com/news/2022/09/square-enix-sends-babylons-fall-to-the-grave-in-february-2023 |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=Push Square |language=en-GB}} Babylon's Fall's commercial failure was described by Forbes as "one of the biggest mainstream misses we’ve seen in recent memories",{{Cite web |last=Tassi |first=Paul |title=Babylon's Fall, Square Enix's Mega-Failure, Is Now Shutting Down Completely |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2022/09/13/babylons-fall-square-enixs-mega-failure-is-now-shutting-down-completely/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=Forbes |language=en}} with TechRadar also naming the game {{Nowrap|"[Square Enix]'s}} biggest disaster of the year".{{Cite web |author1=Callum Bains |date=2022-09-13 |title=Square Enix is finally shutting down its biggest disaster of the year |url=https://www.techradar.com/news/square-enix-is-finally-shutting-down-its-biggest-disaster-of-the-year |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=TechRadar |language=en}} Despite this, PlatinumGames CEO Atsushi Inaba later said that the failure of Babylon's Fall did not affect any of the company's plans to continue expanding into live service games, and also attributed some of Babylon's Fall's faults to the separate developments of the core game and the live service elements between PlatinumGames and Square Enix, respectively.{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Platinum CEO breaks silence on Babylon's Fall closure: 'We're extremely sorry' |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/platinum-breaks-silence-on-babylons-fall-closure-were-extremely-sorry/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=VGC |language=en-GB}}

{{Main|Battlecruiser 3000AD}}

One of the most notorious PC video game failures, Battlecruiser 3000AD (shortened BC3K) was hyped for almost a decade before its disastrous release in the U.S. and Europe. The game was the brainchild of Derek Smart, an independent game developer renowned for lengthy and aggressive online responses to perceived criticism. The concept behind BC3K was ambitious, giving the player the command of a large starship with all the requisite duties, including navigation, combat, resource management, and commanding crew members. Advertisements appeared in the video game press in the mid-1990s hyping the game as, "The Last Thing You'll Ever Desire."{{cite web | title=The 25 Dumbest Moments in Gaming | publisher=GameSpy | url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/readers/index2.shtml | access-date=2007-06-04 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060703160929/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/readers/index2.shtml | archive-date=2006-07-03 }} Computer bulletin boards and Usenet groups were abuzz with discussion about the game. As time wore on and numerous delays were announced, excitement turned to frustration in the online community. Smart exacerbated the negative air by posting liberally on Usenet. The posts ignited one of the largest flame wars in Usenet history.{{cite web | title=Battlecriuser Flamer War Follies | publisher=Bill Huffman | url=http://www.werewolves.org/~follies/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20050403091530/http://www.werewolves.org/~follies/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=2005-04-03 | access-date=2007-06-04}} During the development cycle, Smart refused to let other programmers have full access to his code and continued to change directions as new technology became available, causing the game to be in development for over seven years.

In November 1996, Take-Two Interactive finally released the game, reportedly over protests from Smart. The game was buggy and only partially finished, with outdated graphics, MIDI music, a cryptic interface, and almost no documentation. Critics and the video game community reacted poorly to the release. Eventually, a stable, playable version of the game was released as Battlecruiser 3000AD v2.0.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Smart eventually released BC3K as freeware and went on to create several sequels under the Battlecruiser and Universal Combat titles. {{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

{{Main|Beyond Good & Evil (video game)}}

Although critically acclaimed and planned as the first part of a trilogy, Beyond Good & Evil (released in 2003) flopped commercially. Former Ubisoft employee Owen Hughes stated that it was felt that the simultaneous releases of internationally competing titles Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell and Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time and in Europe, XIII (all three published by Ubisoft and all of which had strong brand identity in their markets), made an impact on Beyond Good & Evil{{'}}s ability to achieve interest with the public. The game's commercial failure led Ubisoft to postpone plans for any subsequent titles in the series.{{cite web | title=Jaded Beauty | publisher=Jump Button magazine | url=http://jumpbuttonmag.com/?p=25 | access-date=2007-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070730065439/http://jumpbuttonmag.com/?p=25 | archive-date=2007-07-30 | url-status=dead }}{{cite web | title=It would be 'good to finish' BG&E – Michel Ancel | website=EuroGamer | date=23 August 2005 | url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news230805bgne | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927202704/http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=60626 | archive-date=2007-09-27 | access-date=2007-01-10}} A sequel was announced at the end of the Ubidays 2008 opening conference,{{cite web|title=Beyond Good & Evil 2 revealed at Ubidays 2008 |publisher=Joystiq |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2008/05/28/beyond-good-and-evil-2-revealed-at-ubidays-2008/ |access-date=2007-01-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529043932/http://www.joystiq.com/2008/05/28/beyond-good-and-evil-2-revealed-at-ubidays-2008/ |archive-date=2008-05-29 }} and an HD version of the original was released for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 via download in 2011. Alain Corre, Ubisoft's Executive Director of EMEA Territories, commented that the Xbox 360 release "did extremely well", but considered this success "too late" to make a difference in the game's poor sales.{{cite news | url = https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2011/12/06/ubi-uncensored.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120107151029/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2011/12/06/ubi-uncensored.aspx | url-status = live | archive-date = January 7, 2012 | title = Ubi Uncensored | first = Matt | last = Bertz | date = 2011-12-06 | access-date = 2012-06-26 | volume = 223 | pages = 40–49 }} Beyond Good & Evil 2 was announced at Ubisoft's press conference at E3 2017, fourteen years after the release of the original game.

{{Main|Brütal Legend}}

Brütal Legend is Double Fine Productions' second major game. The game is set in a world based on heavy metal music, includes a hundred-song soundtrack across numerous metal subgenres, and incorporates a celebrity voice cast including Jack Black, Lemmy Kilmister, Rob Halford, Ozzy Osbourne, Lita Ford, and Tim Curry. The game was originally to be published by Vivendi Games via Sierra Entertainment prior to its merger with Activision. Following the merger, Activision declined to publish Brütal Legend, and Double Fine turned to Electronic Arts as their publishing partner, delaying the game's release. Activision and Double Fine counter-sued each other for breach of contract, ultimately settling out of court. The game was designed as an action adventure/real-time strategy game similar to Herzog Zwei; as games in the real-time strategy genre generally do not perform well on consoles, Double Fine was told by both Vivendi and Electronic Arts to avoid stating this fact and emphasize other elements of the game.{{cite web| url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/4308/postmortem_double_fines_brutal_.php | title = Postmortem: Double Fine's Brutal Legend | website = Gamasutra | date = 2009-03-25 | access-date= 2010-05-25 | first = Caroline | last = Esmurdoc }} With some positive reviews from critics, the game got criticized for its real-time strategy elements that were not mentioned within the pre-release marketing, making it a difficult game to sell to players.{{cite web | url = http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/700714/brutal-legend-and-dj-hero-fail-to-crack-top-ten-in-sales/ | title = Brutal Legend And DJ Hero Fail To Crack Top Ten In Sales | first = Stephan | last = Johnson | date = 2009-11-13 | access-date = 2009-11-19 | publisher = G4TV | archive-date = 2013-01-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130112094052/http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/700714/brutal-legend-and-dj-hero-fail-to-crack-top-ten-in-sales/ | url-status = dead }} Furthermore, its late-year release in October 2009 buried the title among many top-tier games, including Uncharted 2: Among Thieves, Batman: Arkham Asylum and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. It only sold about 215,000 units within the first month, making it a "retail failure", and though Double Fine had begun work on a sequel, Electronic Arts cancelled further development.{{cite web | url = http://www.computerandvideogames.com/326287/features5-great-games-that-got-trampled-in-the-christmas-rush/ | title = 5 great games that got trampled in the Christmas rush | work = Computer and Video Games | date = 2011-11-18 | access-date = 2011-11-18 | first = Jake | last = Denton }} According to Tim Schafer, president and lead developer of Double Fine, 1.4 million copies of the game had been sold by February 2011.{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/6284/schafer_admits_fantasy_of_.php | title = Schafer Admits Fantasy Of Flatulence On Youth | first = Christian | last = Nutt | date = 2011-02-11 | access-date = 2011-02-11 | website = Gamasutra }}

{{main|Concord (video game)}}

Concord was a hero shooter game developed by Firewalk Studios and released for the PlayStation 5 and Windows in August 2024. The game was reported to have eight years of development work, estimated to have cost at least {{USD|200 million}} to develop and was further funded when Firewalk was acquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2023, where it was purportedly called "the future of PlayStation".{{cite web | url = https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/sonys-concord-reportedly-cost-400m-to-develop/ | title = Sony's Concord reportedly cost $400M to develop | first = Jordan | last = Middler | date = September 20, 2024 | accessdate = September 20, 2024 | work = Video Games Chronicle }}{{cite web | url = https://kotaku.com/firewalk-studios-concord-ps5-sony-live-service-shutdown-1851684290 | title = Sony Shuts Down Studio Behind Concord Less Than Two Years After Buying It | first= Ethan | last = Gach | date= October 29, 2024 | accessdate = October 29, 2024 | work = Kotaku }} The game was to be a live service title, supported by cosmetic microtransactions, but also was shipped as a premium title rather than free-to-play.{{cite web | url = https://www.vg247.com/concord-is-going-offline-on-september-6-full-refunds | title = Concord is going offline on September 6, PS5 and PC players who bought the game to receive full refunds | first = Connor | last = Makar | date = September 3, 2024 | accessdate = September 5, 2024 | work = VG247 }} At launch, the game saw fewer than 700 concurrent players through Steam and around 1,300 on PlayStation, and estimates of sales based on player counts were fewer than 25,000, according to Simon Carless. Carless cited the lack of marketing, the high price point for a live service game, and the saturation of hero shooters already on the market as reasons for the poor sales.{{cite web | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/concord-is-estimated-to-have-sold-only-25000-units-heres-why-analysts-think-its-failing | title = Concord Is Estimated to Have Sold Only 25,000 Units. Here's Why Analysts Think It Failed | first = Rebekah | last = Valentine | date = September 3, 2024 | accessdate = September 5, 2024 | work = IGN }} With the poor sales during the first two weeks of release, Firewalk announced they would pull the game from sale, offer full refunds to all buyers, terminate the servers on September 6, 2024, and then would determine what direction to take the game, if any, while offline.{{cite web | url = https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2024/09/two-weeks-after-launch-sony-shooter-concord-goes-offline-and-offers-refunds/ | title = Sony is shutting down Concord, refunding players after just two weeks | first = Kyle | last = Orland | date = September 3, 2024 | accessdate = September 5, 2024 | work = Ars Technica }} Sony closed Firewalk in October 2024, and permanently shut down Concord.{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/29/24282900/sony-shutting-down-concord-firewalk-studios | title = Sony closes Concord studio and permanently shuts down the game | first = Tom | last = Warren | date = October 29, 2024 | accessdate = October 29, 2024 | work = The Verge }} Sony's COO/CFO Hiroki Totoki said in an investor call following the closure of Concord that "with regards to new IP, of course, you don’t know the result until you actually try it", and that "we probably need to have a lot of gates, including user testing or internal evaluation, and the timing of such gates. And then we need to bring them forward, and we should have done those gates much earlier than we did."{{cite web | url = https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/sony-president-reflects-on-why-concord-failed/ | title = Sony president reflects on why Concord failed | first = Chris | last = Scullion | date = November 8, 2024 | accessdate = November 8, 2024 | work = Video Games Chronicle }}

{{Main|Conker's Bad Fur Day}}

Conker's Bad Fur Day is a 3D platformer by Rare for the Nintendo 64. In it, the player controls Conker, a greedy, hard-drinking squirrel, through levels.{{cite web |title=Conker's Bad Fur Day review |website=IGN |author=Matt Casamassina |date=March 2, 2001 |access-date=May 20, 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/163/163960p1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316144325/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/163/163960p1.html |archive-date=March 16, 2012 |url-status=dead}} While it is visually similar to Rare's previous games like Banjo-Kazooie and Donkey Kong 64, Conker's Bad Fur Day is aimed at mature audiences and features profanity, graphic violence, and off-color humor.{{cite web |title=Conker's Bad Fur Day Update |website=GameSpot |author=Jeff Gerstmann |authorlink=Jeff Gerstmann |date=February 3, 2000 |access-date=May 14, 2011 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/n64/action/conkersbadfurday/news.html?sid=2446441&mode=all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628225311/http://www.gamespot.com/n64/action/conkersbadfurday/news.html?sid=2446441&mode=all |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |url-status=live}} The game was originally designed to be family-friendly, but was retooled after prerelease versions of the game were criticized for their similarities to Rare's previous games.{{cite web |access-date=14 January 2014 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/01/14/conker-has-a-bad-day |title=Conker Has a Bad Day |website=IGN |date=13 January 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222011734/http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/01/14/conker-has-a-bad-day |archive-date=22 December 2014 |url-status=live}} Though receiving critical acclaim,{{cite web |title=Conker's Bad Fur Day |website=Metacritic |access-date=May 20, 2011 |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/conkers-bad-fur-day/critic-reviews/?platform=nintendo-64 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202060750/http://www.metacritic.com/game/nintendo-64/conkers-bad-fur-day |archive-date=February 2, 2013 |url-status=live}} Conker's Bad Fur Day performed well below expectations, with only 55,000 copies sold by April 2001. Numerous reasons have been cited for the game's perceived failure to connect with audiences, such as its high cost, advertisements exclusive to the older audience, and its release towards the end of the Nintendo 64's life cycle.{{cite web |title=The Final Days of the N64 |website=IGN |author=Lucas M. Thomas |date=November 9, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2011 |url=http://uk.wii.ign.com/articles/121/1211798p2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610183320/http://uk.wii.ign.com/articles/121/1211798p2.html |archive-date=June 10, 2012 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Conker a Certifiable Flop |website=IGN |date=April 6, 2001 |access-date=May 16, 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/093/093211p1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316144303/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/093/093211p1.html |archive-date=March 16, 2012 |url-status=dead}} Nintendo, which held a minority stake in Rare at the time, also did not actively promote the game.{{cite web |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Rus |title=IGN Presents the History of Rare |url=http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/894/894511p1.html |website=IGN |access-date=September 9, 2018 |date=July 29, 2008}} After Microsoft bought out Rare, it remade the game on the Xbox as Conker: Live and Reloaded which included an online multiplayer component based on part of the original game.

{{Main|Daikatana}}

One of the more infamous failures in PC video games was Daikatana, which was drastically hyped due to creator John Romero's popular status as one of the key designers behind Doom. However, after being wrought with massive over-spending and serious delays, the game finally launched to poor critical reaction because of bugs, lackluster enemies, poor gameplay and production values, all of which were made worse by its heavy marketing campaign proclaiming it as the next "big thing" in first person shooters.{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/197031-john-romeros-daikatana/index.html |title=John Romero's Daikatana for PC |publisher=GameRankings |date=2000-04-14 |access-date=2011-10-21}}{{cite magazine|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/133908/the-10-biggest-flops-in-video-games-2-3/ |title=The 10 biggest flops in video games (2/3), page 2, Feature Story from |magazine=GamePro |access-date=2011-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607063936/http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/133908/the-10-biggest-flops-in-video-games-2-3/|archive-date=2011-06-07}}{{cite web|author=Morning Edition |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4803167 |title=From 'Doom' to Gloom: The Story of a Video Game Flop |publisher=NPR |date=2005-08-17 |access-date=2011-10-21}}

{{Main|Dominion: Storm Over Gift 3}}

The first title released by Ion Storm, Dominion is a real time strategy title similar to Command & Conquer and Warcraft, based as a spin-off to the G-Nome canon. The game was originally developed by 7th Level, but was purchased by Ion Storm for US$1.8 million. The project originally had a budget of US$50,000 and was scheduled to be finished in three months with two staff members. Due to mismanagement and Ion Storm's inexperience, the project took over a year, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars.[http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/index2.shtml The 25 Dumbest Moments in Video Game History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612054257/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/index2.shtml |date=June 12, 2012 }}, GameSpy, June 2003 Dominion was released in July 1998. It received bad reviews and sold poorly, falling far short of recouping its purchase price, let alone the cost of finishing it. The game divided employees working on Ion's marquee title, Daikatana, arguably leading to the walkout of several key development team members. It put a strain on Ion Storm's finances, leading the once well-funded startup to scramble for cash as Daikatana{{'s}} development extended over several years.{{cite news | url = http://www.dallasobserver.com/issues/1999-01-14/news/feature2.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041113173448/http://www.dallasobserver.com/issues/1999-01-14/news/feature2.html | archive-date=2004-11-13 | title = Stormy Weather: Hot new computer game maker ION Storm appears to have all it needs for success -- top talent, plenty of money, and legions of anxious fans. So why is its future so cloudy? | last= Biederman|first=Christine | newspaper = Dallas Observer |date=January 14, 1999 }}

{{Main|Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two}}

A sequel to the successful Wii-exclusive platformer Epic Mickey, Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two was developed in 2012 by Junction Point Studios and published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, and Microsoft Windows. Though heavily advertised and being released on multiple consoles, only 270,000 copies of Epic Mickey 2 were sold in North America, barely a quarter of the original's sales of 1.3 million.{{cite web|last1=Matulef|first1=Jeffrey|title=Epic Mickey 2's sales were less than epic|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-01-17-epic-mickey-2s-sales-were-less-than-epic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118121921/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-01-17-epic-mickey-2s-sales-were-less-than-epic|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2013|website=Eurogamer|access-date=24 February 2017}} The game's failure led to the shutdown of Junction Point{{cite web|last1=Sheridan|first1=Connor|title=Epic Mickey developer Junction Point shuts down|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/epic-mickey-developer-junction-point-shuts-down/|website=GamesRadar|date=29 January 2013|access-date=24 February 2017}} and the cancellation of future entries in the Epic Mickey series.{{cite web|title=Disney Cancelled An Epic Mickey Racing Spin-Off|url=https://mynintendonews.com/2016/08/21/disney-cancelled-an-epic-mickey-racing-spin-off/|website=My Nintendo News|date=21 August 2016|access-date=24 February 2017}}

{{Main|E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (video game)|Atari video game burial}}

File:Atari E.T. Dig- Alamogordo, New Mexico (14036097792).jpg

Based on Steven Spielberg's popular 1982 movie of the same name and reportedly coded in just five weeks,{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/business/market/atari.asp|title=Five Million E.T. Pieces|date=2007-02-02|website=Snopes|access-date=2009-02-12}} this Atari 2600 game was rushed to the market for the 1982 holiday season.

Even with 1.5 million copies sold,{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/features/the-30-defining-moments-in-gaming|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216163006/http://www.next-gen.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6818&Itemid=2|archive-date=2007-12-16|publisher=Next-Gen.biz|author=Matt Matthews| title=The 30 defining moments in gaming|access-date=2008-01-31|date=2007-08-13}} the sales figures came nowhere near Atari's expectations, as it had ordered production of five million copies, with many of the sold games being returned to Atari for refunds by dissatisfied consumers. It had become an urban legend that Atari had buried the unsold cartridges of E.T. and other games in a landfill in Alamogordo, New Mexico, which was confirmed in 2014 when the site was allowed to be excavated, with former Atari personnel affirming they had dumped about 800,000 cartridges, including E.T. and other poorly-selling games. The financial figures and business tactics surrounding this product are emblematic of the video game crash of 1983 and contributed to Atari's bankruptcy. Atari paid $25 million for the license to produce the game, which further contributed to a debt of $536 million (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|0.536|1982|r=2}}}} billion today). The company was divided and sold in 1984.

{{Main|Funko Fusion}}

Funko Fusion is a 2024 action-adventure game developed and published by 10:10 Games, based on the Funko Pop! line of collectible figurines and featuring characters from franchises including those of Universal Pictures, as well as Mega Man and Five Nights at Freddy's. The game received mixed reviews, and 10:10 Games later confirmed that Funko Fusion failed commercially, leading to layoffs at the studio.{{Cite web |last=Life |first=Nintendo |date=2025-02-17 |title=Funko Fusion Is Deemed A "Complete Commercial And Critical Failure" |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2025/02/funko-fusion-is-deemed-a-complete-commercial-and-critical-failure |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}}

{{Main|Grim Fandango}}

Known for being the first adventure game by LucasArts to use three-dimensional graphics, Grim Fandango received positive reviews and won numerous awards. It was originally thought that the game sold well during the 1998 holiday season.{{cite web | url = http://www.smartmoney.com/spending/deals/tech-gifts-of-the-season-3828/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041221231835/http://www.smartmoney.com/consumer/index.cfm?story=199812082 | archive-date=2004-12-21 | title = Tech Gifts of the Season | first= Joshua | last = Albertson | publisher = Smart Money | date = 1998-12-08 | access-date = 2008-08-23 }} However, the game's sales appeared to be crowded out by other titles released during the late 1998 season, including Half-Life, Metal Gear Solid and The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. Based on data provided by PC Data (now owned by NPD Group), the game sold about 95,000 copies up to 2003 in North America, excluding online sales.{{cite web | url = http://www.justadventure.com/articles/Not_Playing/Part_4.shtm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071022075824/http://justadventure.com/articles/Not_Playing/Part_4.shtm | archive-date = 2007-10-22 | title = (Not) Playing the Game, Part 4 | first = Randy | last = Sluganski | publisher = Just Adventure | access-date = 2007-12-02 }} Worldwide sales are estimated between 100,000 and 500,000 units by 2012. Developer Tim Schafer along with others of the Grim Fandango development team would leave LucasArts after this project to begin a new studio (Double Fine Productions). Grim Fandango{{'}}s relatively modest sales are often cited as a contributing factor to the decline of the adventure game genre in the late 1990s,{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1453/the_circle_of_life_an_analysis_of_.php | title = The Circle of Life: An Analysis of the Game Product Lifecycle | first = Daniel | last = Cook | date = 2007-05-07 | access-date = 2008-03-03 | website = Gamasutra}}{{cite news | url = http://www.salon.com/21st/feature/1998/10/cov_08feature.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110130000105/http://www.salon.com/21st/feature/1998/10/cov_08feature.html| archive-date=January 30, 2011| title = Myst And Riven Are A Dead End. The Future Of Computer Gaming Lies In Online, Multiplayer Worlds | work = Salon | first = Greg | last = Lindsay | date = 1998-10-08 | access-date = 2008-03-13}} though the title's reputation as a "flop" is to an extent a case of perception over reality, as Schafer has pointed out that the game turned a profit, with the royalty check he eventually received being proof.{{cite web | url = https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-hc-game-designer-tim-schafer-grim-adventure-sl-storylink.html | title = Game designer Tim Schafer's 'Grim' path tracks adventure genre's growth | publisher = Hero Complex | first = Todd | last = Martins | date = 2015-01-24 | access-date = 2023-05-25}} His perspective is that the adventure genre did not so much lose its audience as fail to grow it while production costs continued to rise. This made adventure games less attractive investment for publishers; in contrast, the success of first-person shooters caused the console market to boom. The emergence of new distribution channels which did not rely on the traditional retail model would ultimately re-empower the niche genre. Double Fine has since remastered the game for high definition graphics and re-released it through these channels.{{cite web | url = https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/02/a-new-age-for-tim-schafer-and-double-fine-producti.html | title = A New Age For Tim Schafer And Double Fine Productions | publisher = Past Magazine | first = Sean | last = Edgar | date = 2014-02-04 | access-date = 2015-05-25 | archive-date = 2015-05-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150525224628/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/02/a-new-age-for-tim-schafer-and-double-fine-producti.html | url-status = dead }}

{{Main|Jazz Jackrabbit 2}}

Although reviews for Jazz Jackrabbit 2 were positive,{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/jazz-jackrabbit-2/mobyrank|title=Jazz Jackrabbit 2 for Macintosh (1999) MobyRank – MobyGames|website=MobyGames}} sales were insufficient and resulted in a loss for its publisher Gathering of Developers. This prevented the developers from finding a publisher for Jazz Jackrabbit 3, thus leading to its cancellation.{{cite web|url=https://www.jazz2online.com/j3f/|title=Jazz Jackrabbit 3D|website=www.jazz2online.com|access-date=2017-06-18|archive-date=2020-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627185005/https://www.jazz2online.com/j3f/|url-status=dead}}

{{Main|Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning}}

Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning is an action RPG game released in 2012, developed by 38 Studios and Big Huge Games. 38 Studios had been formed by Curt Schilling initially in Massachusetts. After acquiring Big Huge Games from the failing THQ, the studio secured a {{USD|75 million}} loan guarantee from the economic development board of Rhode Island for establishing 38 Studios within the state and promoting job growth. Kingdoms was generally well-received by critics, and initial sales within the first three months were around 1.3 million. Though impressive, Rhode Island recognized that the title was expected to have hit 3 million units by this point for 38 Studios to pay back the loan.{{cite web | last = Yoon | first = Andrew | date = May 24, 2012 | title = Kingdoms of Amalur needed 3 million sales 'to break even,' RI governor says | url = http://www.shacknews.com/article/73968/kingdoms-of-amalur-needed-3-million-sales-to-break-even/ | publisher = Shacknews}} 38 Studios defaulted on one of the loan repayments, leading to a publisher to pull out of a {{USD|35 million}} investment in a sequel.{{cite web | last = Goldfarb | first = Andrew | date = May 29, 2012 | title = Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning 2 Nearly Happened | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/05/29/kingdoms-of-amalur-reckoning-2-nearly-happened | website = IGN | access-date = November 28, 2016}} The studio managed to make the next payment, but could not make payroll or other expenses, and shortly later declared bankruptcy by May 2012.{{cite news | last = Gilbert | first = Ben | date = May 24, 2012 | url = http://www.joystiq.com/2012/05/24/38-studios-and-big-huge-games-lay-off-entire-staffs/ | title = 38 Studios and Big Huge Games lay off entire staffs | publisher = Joystiq }} Resolving the unpaid loan became a civil lawsuit, and ultimately with the state settling with Schilling and other investors for a {{USD|61 million}} payment, leaving the state around {{USD|28 million}} short on its loan.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ri.gov/press/view/29536|title=Press Releases: Rhode Island Commerce Corporation Reaches $16 Million Dollar Settlement with First Southwest Company in 38 Studios Lawsuit|last=RI.gov|website=www.ri.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-05-30}} The rights to Kingdoms eventually fell to THQ Nordic AB, the holding company that came to acquire many of the former THQ properties after their bankruptcy.

{{Main|The Lamplighters League}}

The Lamplighters League is a turn-based tactics game developed by Harebrained Schemes and published by Paradox Interactive (the parent company of Harebrained Schemes) in 2023. The game was based on adventures published in pulp magazines of the 1930s. While the game received positive reviews, it failed to achieve a commercial success. A week after its release, Paradox stated that they intended to write off the game at a cost of {{SEK|248 million}} ({{USD|22 million}}).{{cite web | url = https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/paradox-writes-off-i-the-lamplighters-league-i-as-commercial-failure | title = Paradox writes off The Lamplighters League as a commercial failure | first = Justin | last = Carter | date = October 11, 2023 | accessdate = October 20, 2023 | work = Game Developer }} This followed after Paradox had laid off 80% of Harebrained Schemes' employees.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/paradox-to-write-down-lamplighters-league-costs-confirms-layoffs-at-harebrained-schemes | title = Paradox to write down Lamplighters League costs, confirms layoffs at Harebrained Schemes | first = Marie | last = Dealessandri | date = October 12, 2023 | accessdate = October 20, 2023 | work = Gamesindustry.biz }} Harebrained Schemes, which had been bought by Paradox in 2018, announced that they agreed to end their partnership with Paradox, and reorganized as an independent company.{{cite web | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/paradox-and-harebrained-schemes-parting-ways-after-lamplighters-league | title = Paradox and Harebrained Schemes 'Parting Ways' After Lamplighters League | first = Rebekah | last= Valentine |date = October 18, 2023 | accessdate = October 20, 2023 | work = IGN }}

{{Main|The Last Express}}

Released in 1997 after five years in development, this $6 million{{cite web|title=The Last Express Interview – Archived from GamesDomain.com |publisher=gamesdomain.com |url=http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/GamesDomainInterview.html |access-date=2006-08-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060604002242/http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/GamesDomainInterview.html |archive-date=2006-06-04 }} adventure game was the brainchild of Jordan Mechner, the creator of Prince of Persia. The game was noted for taking place in almost complete real-time, using Art Nouveau-style characters that were rotoscoped from a 22-day live-action video shoot,{{cite web | title=Mark Moran – Programming – Resume | publisher=Mark Moran | url=http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/ProgrammingResume.html | access-date=2006-08-19 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225003008/http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/ProgrammingResume.html | archive-date=2007-02-25 }} and featuring intelligent writing and levels of character depth that were not often seen in computer games. Even with rave reviews,{{cite web | title=The Last Express Review (from the Internet Archive)| publisher=Games Domain | url=http://www.gamesdomain.com/gdreview/zones/reviews/pc/apr97/tle.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970613224825/http://www.gamesdomain.com/gdreview/zones/reviews/pc/apr97/tle.html | archive-date=1997-06-13 | access-date=2006-08-19}}{{cite web | title=The Last Express Review| publisher=Computer Games Online | url=http://www.cdmag.com/adventure_vault/the_last_express_review/article.html | access-date=2006-08-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970607134935/http://www.cdmag.com/adventure_vault/the_last_express_review/article.html | archive-date=1997-06-07}} Broderbund, the game's publisher, did little to promote the game, apart from a brief mention in a press release{{cite web | title=Broderbund Software – Press News| publisher=Coming Soon Magazine | url=http://www.csoon.com/issue26/p_redor1.htm | access-date=2006-08-19}} and enthusiastic statements by Broderbund executives,{{cite web | title=Conference Call, 03/27/97: Broderbund Q2 | publisher=The Motley Fool | url=http://www.fool.com/Calls/1997/Calls970327b.htm | access-date=2006-08-19 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013170236/http://www.fool.com/calls/1997/calls970327b.htm | archive-date=2007-10-13 }} in part due to the entire Broderbund marketing team quitting in the weeks before its release.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3862/the_last_express_revisiting_an_.php?page=1 |title=The Last Express: Revisiting An Unsung Classic |access-date=2009-02-28 |author=Remo, Chris |date=2008-11-28 |website=Gamasutra}} Released in April, the game was not a success, selling only about 100,000 copies,{{cite web | title=Mark Moran – Programming – Interviews | publisher=Mark Moran | url=http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/Interviews.html | access-date=2006-08-19 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225002933/http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/Interviews.html | archive-date=2007-02-25 }} a million copies short of breaking even.{{cite web|title=Mark Moran – Programming – The Last Express |publisher=Mark Moran |url=http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/LastExpress.html |access-date=2006-08-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060604002501/http://personal.markmoran.net/Programming/LastExpress.html |archive-date=2006-06-04 }}

After the release of the game, Mechner's company Smoking Car Productions quietly folded, and Brøderbund was acquired by The Learning Company,{{cite web|title=The Learning Co. buys Broderbund |publisher=CNET News |url=http://news.cnet.com/The-Learning-Co.-buys-Broderbund/2100-1001_3-212529.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126190952/http://news.com.com/The%2BLearning%2BCo.%2Bbuys%2BBroderbund/2100-1001_3-212529.html |archive-date=2004-11-26 |access-date=2006-08-19 |url-status=dead }} who were only interested in Broderbund's educational software, effectively putting the game out of print which also caused the PlayStation port to be cancelled after almost being finished for a 1998 release. Mechner was later able to reacquire the rights to the game, and in 2012, worked with DotEmu to release an iOS port of the title, before making it to Android as well.{{cite web | url = http://www.joystiq.com/2012/03/16/all-aboard-the-last-express-on-ios-mechners-classic-adventure/ | title = All aboard The Last Express on iOS, Mechner's classic adventure revamped | publisher = Joystiq | first = Jessica | last = Conduit | date = 2012-03-16 | access-date =2013-02-15 }}

{{Main|MadWorld}}

MadWorld is a beat 'em up title for the Wii developed by PlatinumGames and distributed by Sega in March 2009. The game was purposely designed as an extremely violent video game.{{cite news | url = http://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2009/Volume-32-Issue-6-June-2009-/Its-a-Mad-Mad-Mad-MadWorld.aspx | title = It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, MadWorld | publisher = Computer Graphics World | volume = 32 | issue = 6 |date = June 2009| first = Martin | last = McEachern }} The game features a distinctive black-and-white graphic style that borrows from both Frank Miller's Sin City and other Japanese and Western comics.{{cite web | author=Driftwood | date=September 20, 2008 | title=Interview: Atsushi Inaba | url=http://www.gamersyde.com/news_7116_en.html | work=Gamersyde.com | access-date=2009-04-04}} This monotone coloring is only broken by blood that comes from attacking and killing foes in numerous, gruesome, and over-the-top manners. Though there had been violent games available for the Wii from the day it was launched (e.g. No More Heroes and Manhunt 2), many perceived MadWorld as one of the first mature titles for the system, causing some initial outrage from concerned consumers about the normally family-friendly system.{{cite web | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/2009/03/12/2009-03-12_parents_groups_protest_release_of_wiis_v.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090313232725/http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/2009/03/12/2009-03-12_parents_groups_protest_release_of_wiis_v.html | archive-date = 2009-03-13 | title = Parents groups protest release of Wii's violent video game, 'Madworld' | first = Rosemary | last = Black | date = 2009-03-12 | access-date = 2010-03-18 | work = New York Daily News }} MadWorld was well received by critics, but this did not translate into commercial sales; only 123,000 units of the game sold in the United States during its first six months on the market.{{cite web | author=Matthews, Matt | date=September 14, 2009 | title=Analysis: Where Now For M-Rated Wii Games? | url=http://gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25241 | work=Gamasutra.com | access-date=2009-09-14 | archive-date=2009-09-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922215550/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25241 | url-status=dead }} Sega considered these sales to be "disappointing".{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2009/08/mike-hayes-interview/ | title =Wii Audience a 'Mismatch' for MadWorld, says Sega West President | magazine = Wired | date = 2009-08-12 | access-date = 2010-03-18 | first = Tracey | last = John }}{{cite web | url = http://www.industrygamers.com/news/wii-audience-a-mismatch-for-madworld-says-sega-west-president/ | title = Wii Audience a 'Mismatch' for MadWorld, says Sega West President | first = David | last = Radd | date = 2010-03-18 | access-date = 2010-03-18 | publisher = Industry Gamers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100322203524/http://www.industrygamers.com/news/wii-audience-a-mismatch-for-madworld-says-sega-west-president | archive-date = 2010-03-22 }} Regardless, the game's critical success allowed a successor, Anarchy Reigns (2012), to be produced.

{{Main|Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey}}

After the success of Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions, a remake of the first game in the Mario & Luigi series in 2017, Nintendo announced a remake of Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story in March 2018 in a similar vain of the previous remake with improved visuals, a remastered soundtrack, and an additional story in Bowser Jr.'s Journey.{{Cite magazine |last=Thurmond |first=Joey |title=Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story Remake Coming To 3DS |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2018/03/08/mario-amp-luigi-bowser-39-s-inside-story-remake-stomping-onto-3ds.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312061806/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2018/03/08/mario-amp-luigi-bowser-39-s-inside-story-remake-stomping-onto-3ds.aspx |url-status=live |archive-date=March 12, 2018 |access-date=2024-05-28 |magazine=Game Informer |language=en}} Upon release in January 2019, the game was a critical success though it got slightly worse reviews than the original. However, the game was a commercial failure, selling under 9,500 copies in its first week in Japan. Famitsu reported that the game had a lifetime total of 34,523 copies, making it one of the worst-selling Mario games since the Virtual Boy.{{Cite web |title=Game Data Library |url=https://sites.google.com/site/gamedatalibrary/game-search |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}} The game's failure was attributed to being one of the last games on the Nintendo 3DS, with the Nintendo Switch having already been out for nearly two years. The game has also been credited with resulting in the bankruptcy of series developer AlphaDream.{{Cite web |date=2019-10-02 |title=Mario & Luigi RPG Dev AlphaDream Files For Bankruptcy |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2019/10/mario_and_luigi_rpg_dev_alphadream_files_for_bankruptcy |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}} The next installment, Mario & Luigi: Brothership, was released in 2024, with some former AlphaDream employees having worked on the title.{{cite news |last=Doolan |first=Liam |title=Some Of The "Original Developers" Are Working On Mario & Luigi: Brothership |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2024/06/some-of-the-original-developers-are-working-on-mario-and-luigi-brothership |access-date=April 9, 2025 |work=Nintendo Life |date=June 23, 2024}}

{{Main|Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite}}

Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite is the sixth main installment in Capcom's Marvel vs. Capcom series of fighting games that pits Capcom and Marvel's famous characters against each other. When the game was shown at E3 2017, some of the character designs were poorly received, particularly Chun-Li from Street Fighter and Dante from Devil May Cry.{{cite web |last1=Ashcraft |first1=Brian |title=Chun-Li And Dante Look Weird Now, Capcom |url=https://kotaku.com/chun-li-and-dante-look-weird-now-capcom-1796124150 |website=Kotaku |date=15 June 2017 |access-date=2018-08-03}} The game was also criticized for its lack of X-Men or Fantastic Four characters.{{cite web |last1=Lawson |first1=Aurich |title=Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite isn't the same without arcade-era pixel art |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2017/09/marvel-vs-capcom-infinite-isnt-the-same-without-arcade-era-pixel-art/ |website=Ars Technica |date=18 September 2017 |access-date=2018-08-03}} Capcom projected that the game would sell two million units by December 31, 2017, but the game launched with a poor showing thanks to the game having a low budget, which would cause Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite to generate only half of the projected amount that Capcom gave.{{cite web |last1=Yin-Poole |first1=Wesley |title=Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite flops |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-02-01-marvel-vs-capcom-infinite-flops |website=Eurogamer |date=February 2018 |access-date=2018-08-03}} Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite{{'}}s failing would lead to cancellation of DLC, and its exclusion from tournaments such as Evo 2018, as well as Capcom being quiet surrounding the title.{{cite web |last1=Moyse |first1=Chris |title=EVO 2018 organisers speak on Marvel vs Capcom: Infinite's exclusion |url=https://www.destructoid.com/evo-2018-organisers-speak-on-marvel-vs-capcom-infinite-s-exclusion-486796.phtml |website=Destructoid |date=8 February 2018 |access-date=2018-08-03}} The title's failure was also in part due to the competition it received from Bandai Namco's Dragon Ball FighterZ which along with its massive name recognition, took influence from Infinite's two predecessors, Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes and Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3.{{cite web |last1=Cabrera |first1=David |title=Why Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite won't be at the biggest fighting game tournament of the year |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/2/9/16995142/evo-2018-marvel-vs-capcom-infinite |website=Polygon |date=9 February 2018 |access-date=2019-03-21}}

{{Main|MultiVersus}}

MultiVersus is a free-to-play crossover platform fighting game featuring various Warner Bros. characters. The game was developed by Player First Games and published by Warner Bros. Games for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S.

It was first released in early access and open beta versions from July 2022 to June 2023. The game was fully released in May 2024, prior to Warner Bros. Games' acquisition of Player First Games. In November 2024, the studio announced that MultiVersus underperformed commercially, leading to parent company Warner Bros. Discovery taking a $100 million impairment charge.{{cite web | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/warner-bros-admits-multiversus-underperformed-contributing-to-another-100-million-hit-to-revenue-in-its-games-business | title= Warner Bros. Admits MultiVersus Underperformed, Contributing to Another $100 Million Hit to Revenue in Its Games Business | first = Wesley | last = Yin-Poole | date = November 7, 2024 | accessdate = February 25, 2025 | work = IGN}} As a result, the game will be discontinued in May 2025. In February 2025, Warner Bros. Games announced the closure of Player First Games alongside Monolith Productions and WB Games San Diego.{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/news/529310/warner-bros-games-monolith-productions-multiversus-studio-closure | title = Warner Bros. closes Monolith Productions and MultiVersus studio, cancels Wonder Woman game | first = Michael | last = McWhertor | date = February 25, 2025 | accessdate = February 25, 2025 | work =Polygon }}

{{Main|Ōkami}}

Ōkami was a product of Clover Studio with direction by Hideki Kamiya, previously known for his work on the Resident Evil and Devil May Cry series. The game is favorably compared to a Zelda-type adventure, and is based on the quest of the goddess-wolf Amaterasu using a "celestial brush" to draw in magical effects on screen and to restore the cursed land of ancient Nippon. Released first in 2006 on the PlayStation 2, it later received a port to the Wii system, where the brush controls were reworked for the motion controls of the Wii Remote. The game was well received by critics, with Metacritic aggregate scores of 93% and 90% for the PlayStation 2 and Wii versions, respectively,{{cite web | url = https://www.metacritic.com/game/okami/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation-2 | title = Ōkami Reviews | publisher = MetaCritic | access-date = 2007-08-09}}{{cite web | url = https://www.metacritic.com/game/okami/critic-reviews/?platform=wii | title = Okami (wii: 2007) | website = Metacritic | access-date = 2008-04-12}} and was considered one of the best titles for 2006; IGN named it their Game of the Year.{{cite web | url = http://bestof.ign.com/2006/overall/39.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070117015255/http://bestof.ign.com/2006/overall/39.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = January 17, 2007 | title = IGN.com Presents the Best of 2006 – Overall Game of the Year | website = IGN | access-date = 2007-08-09 | last = Roper | first = Chris }} Though strongly praised by critics, fewer than 600,000 units were sold by March 2009. These factors have led for Ōkami to be called the "least commercially successful winner of a game of the year award" in the 2010 version of the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition.{{cite book | title = 2010 Guinness World Records Gamers Edition | isbn = 978-0-7440-1183-8 | year= 2010 | publisher = BradyGames }} Shortly after its release, Capcom disbanded Clover Studio, though many of its employees, including Kamiya, went on to form PlatinumGames and produce MadWorld and the more successful Bayonetta.{{cite web | url = http://www.errormacro.com/2006/10/capcom_dissolving_clover_studi.php | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928120104/http://www.errormacro.com/2006/10/capcom_dissolving_clover_studi.php | archive-date = 2007-09-28 | title = Capcom Dissolving Clover Studios | date = 2006-10-12 | access-date = 2007-08-11 | author = Ermac | url-status = usurped | publisher = ErrorMacro }} Strong fan support of the game led to a spiritual successor, Ōkamiden (2010), on the Nintendo DS, followed by a high-definition remaster of Ōkami for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch and Microsoft Windows released during the mid-to-late 2010s.

Kamiya had expressed interest in a sequel to Ōkami since moving to PlatinumGames, stating he had been in talks with Capcom on the idea. He left PlatinumGames in mid-2023, at the time stating he was going independent.{{cite web | url = https://www.pcgamer.com/gaming-industry/hideki-kamiya-asks-capcom-to-let-him-make-okami-2-and-viewtiful-joe-3-creators-have-the-duty-to-create-sequels-fans-want-to-see-i-still-feel-like-i-havent-fulfilled-my-duty/ | title = Hideki Kamiya asks Capcom to let him make Okami 2 and Viewtiful Joe 3: 'Creators have the duty to create sequels fans want to see… I still feel like I haven't fulfilled my duty' | first = Wes | last = Fenlon | date = July 19, 2024 | accessdate = December 14, 2024 | work = PC Gamer }} A sequel was announced at The Game Awards 2024 in December 2024, with development being led by Kamiya at a new studio called Clovers that included several former members of Clover Studio.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/hideki-kamiya-returns-to-capcom-with-new-clovers-studio-working-on-okami-sequel | title = Hideki Kamiya returns to Capcom with new Clovers studio, working on Okami sequel | first = James | last = Batchelor | date = 13 December 2024 | accessdate = 13 December 2024 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }}

{{Main|Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan (series)}}

After developing the rhythm game Gitaroo Man, iNiS Corporation began work on a more innovative one for the Nintendo DS which was based on an idea from founder Keiichi Yano, in which players would tap and drag on-screen targets in time with music to help an oendan cheer up people who are in trouble so that they can overcome their problems, which Nintendo released as Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan. The game received positive reviews, leading to plans to develop a localized and upgraded reskin of the game titled Elite Beat Agents, as well as a sequel, Moero! Nekketsu Rhythm Damashii Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan 2. Despite all three games being praised by critics, none of them were commercially successful,{{cite magazine |last1=Kohler |first1=Chris |title=NOA Disappointed with Elite Beat Agents Sales, Hints at Sequel |url=https://www.wired.com/2006/12/noa-disappointe/ |magazine=WIRED |access-date=16 November 2021 |date=5 December 2006}}{{cite magazine |last1=Kohler |first1=Chris |title=Japan Sales: Ouendan 2 Rebounds |url=https://www.wired.com/2007/06/japan-sales-oue/ |magazine=WIRED |date=6 June 2007|access-date=16 November 2021 }}{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=David |title=Shining Wind Of Change In Japanese Sales Charts |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/console/-i-shining-wind-i-of-change-in-japanese-sales-charts |website=Game Developer |access-date=16 November 2021 |date=24 May 2007}} all selling fewer than a million copies each. Poor sales, as well as the uniqueness of their target platform, prevented Nintendo from considering further sequels.{{Cite web|url=https://gamingreinvented.com/news/new-video-shows-history-of-ouendan-and-elite-beat-agents/|title = New Video Shows History of Ouendan and Elite Beat Agents|date = 18 June 2019}}{{Cite web | url = http://www.polygon.com/2016/5/9/11646280/elite-beat-agents-2-keiichi-yano-interview-osu-tatakae-ouendan-rhythm-game | title = Will we ever get an Elite Beat Agents sequel? We asked the creator | first = Nick | last = Robinson | date = May 9, 2016 | access-date = May 10, 2016 | work = Polygon }}

{{Main|Overkill's The Walking Dead}}

Starbreeze Studios had acquired a license in 2014 to develop a game set in The Walking Dead franchise from Skybound Entertainment, using the cooperative gameplay mechanics from Payday: The Heist developed by Starbreeze's subsidiary Overkill Software. The game fell into development hell namely due to demands from Starbreeze to switch game engines, first from the internally-developed Diesel Engine which had been used on the Payday games to the newly developed Valhalla Engine, which Starbreeze had acquired at a large cost, and later to the Unreal Engine after the Valhalla proved too difficult to work with. Having slipped its major release dates twice, the game was completed by November 2018, but which the developers felt was under extreme rush and without sufficient quality review and testing. Overkill's The Walking Dead had mediocre reviews on release to Microsoft Windows, and only 100,000 units were sold within the month. Starbreeze had placed a significant amount of sales expectations behind the game, and with poor sales, the company placed plans to release the game on consoles on hold, and in December 2018 announced that it was restructuring due to a lack of liquidatable assets from the underperformance of Overkill's The Walking Dead.{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-01-28-the-fall-of-swedish-game-wonder-starbreeze | title = The fall of Starbreeze |first =Wesley | last= Yin-Poole | date = January 28, 2019 | access-date = January 28, 2019 | work = Eurogamer }} In Starbreeze's financial report for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, which included Overkill's The Walking Dead{{'}} release, the game brought in only about {{SEK|34.1 million}} (about {{USD|3.7 million}}), while Payday 2, a title released in 2013, made {{SEK|20.4 million}} in the same quarter.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-02-20-overkills-the-walking-dead-earned-usd3-6m-from-sales-in-q4 | title = Overkill's The Walking Dead earned $3.7m from sales in Q4 | first= Matthew | last = Handrahan | date = February 20, 2019 | access-date = February 20, 2019 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }} By the end of February 2019, Skybound pulled its licensing agreement from Starbreeze as "ultimately 'Overkill's The Walking Dead' did not meet our standards nor is it the quality that we were promised". Starbreeze officially halted further development of the Windows version and cancelled the game's planned console ports, while Skybound later cancelled the game entirely and pulled the license from Starbreeze.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-02-27-overkills-the-walking-dead-officially-canceled | title = Overkill's The Walking Dead officially canceled | first= Rebekah | last= Valentine |date = February 26, 2019 | access-date = February 26, 2019 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }} The poor returns on OTWD led Starbreeze to undergo a corporate restructuring from December 2018 to December 2019, laying off staff, selling off publishing and intellectual property rights, and reimplemented paid downloadable content for Payday 2, reneging on an early promise that all such future content would be free.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-12-06-starbreeze-completes-reconstruction-process-after-12-months | title = Starbreeze completes reconstruction process after 12 months | first= Haydn | last =Taylor | date = 6 December 2019 | access-date = 6 December 2019 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }}

{{Main|Psychonauts}}

Though achieving notable critical success,{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/psychonauts/critic-reviews/?platform=pc |title=Psychonauts |work=Metacritic|date=June 6, 2017|access-date=June 6, 2017}} including GameSpot's 2005 Best Game No One Played award,[http://www.gamespot.com/pages/features/bestof2005/index.php?day=2 "Gamespot: Best of 2005 Special Achievement"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007064825/http://www.gamespot.com/pages/features/bestof2005/index.php?day=2 |date=October 7, 2013 }}, GameSpot Psychonauts sold fewer than 100,000 copies during its initial release.{{cite web |url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_123/2619-Life-After-Shelf-Death |title=Life After Shelf Death |work=The Escapist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115174409/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_123/2619-Life-After-Shelf-Death |archive-date=2007-11-15}}, The Escapist, 13 November 2007 The game led to troubles at publisher Majesco Entertainment, including the resignation of its CEO and the plummeting of the company's stock,[https://archive.today/20130123192000/http://www.gamespot.com/news/majesco-stock-plummets-as-ceo-quits-6128937 "Majesco stock plummets as CEO quits"], GameSpot Xbox, July 12, 2005 prompting a class-action lawsuit by the company's stockholders.[https://archive.today/20120731135756/http://www.gamespot.com/news/stockholders-sue-majesco-ien-masse-i-6129423 "Stockholders sue Majesco en masse"], GameSpot Xbox, July 19, 2005 At the time of its release in 2005, the game was considered the "poster child" for failures in innovative games.[http://www.gamespot.com/news/bitter-medicine-what-does-the-game-industry-have-against-innovation-6141519 "Bitter medicine: What does the game industry have against innovation?"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213628/http://www.gamespot.com/news/bitter-medicine-what-does-the-game-industry-have-against-innovation-6141519 |date=October 4, 2013 }}, GameSpot Xbox, December 20, 2005 Its poor sales have also been blamed on a lack of marketing. However, today the game remains a popular title on various digital download services. The creator of Psychonauts, Tim Schafer, has a cult following due to his unique and eccentric style.{{cite web|last=Caron |first=Frank |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/news/2007/10/game-informer-details-new-tim-schafer-title.ars |title=Game Informer details new Tim Schafer title, starring Jack Black |publisher=Arstechnica.com |date=2007-10-12 |access-date=2011-12-05}} Eventually, Double Fine would go on to acquire the full rights to publishing the game, and, with funding from Dracogen, created a Mac OS X and Linux port of the game, which was sold as part of a Humble Bundle in 2012 with nearly 600,000 bundles sold; according to Schafer, "We made more on Psychonauts [in 2012] than we ever have before."{{cite web | url = http://www.polygon.com/features/2012/12/13/3726930/double-fine-double-feature-tim-schafer-dracogen-kickstarter | title = Double Fine Double Feature | date = 2012-12-13 | access-date = 2013-02-05 | website = Polygon }} In August 2015, Steam Spy estimated approximately 1,157,000 owners of the game on the digital distributor Steam.[http://steamspy.com/app/3830 Psychonauts] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506045012/http://steamspy.com/app/3830 |date=May 6, 2016}} on Steamspy.com (2015-08-13) Psychonauts was re-released in 2019 for the PlayStation 4 as a Standard Edition and a Collector's Edition, both region free, by publishing company Limited Run Games.{{cite web | last = Araullo | first = Kenneth | url = https://www.player.one/original-psychonauts-returns-part-limited-run-games-ps4-release-127023 | title = Original Psychonauts Returns As Part Of Limited Run Games' PS4 Release | date = 2019-06-04 | access-date = 2019-11-02 | publisher = Player.One LLC }} A sequel, Psychonauts 2, was partially crowdfunded prior to Double Fine's acquisition by Microsoft who provided additional funding support, and was released in August 2021.

{{Main|Puyo Puyo Chronicle}}

Puyo Puyo Chronicle is a 2016 puzzle video game developed and published by Sega for the Nintendo 3DS. Released in Japan, it was intended to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Puyo Puyo,{{Cite web|url=https://www.famitsu.com/news/201608/19113640.html|title=シリーズ25周年記念作『ぷよぷよクロニクル』が12月8日に発売決定、公式リリース到着|last=|first=|date=19 August 2016|website=famitsu.com|language=ja|access-date=October 31, 2024}} similar to titles like Puyo Puyo! 15th Anniversary and Puyo Puyo!! 20th Anniversary. The main game is an RPG that takes place in a storybook world, where the player progresses though the story by battling enemies and other characters in Puyo Puyo. While critics praised the change to 3D art style and multiplayer modes, the RPG mode was criticized for being repetitive and tedious.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.famitsu.com/games/t/33987/reviews/ |title=ぷよぷよクロニクル(3DS)のレビュー・評価・感想情報 |magazine=Famitsu |publisher=Kadokawa | language=ja| accessdate=October 31, 2024}}{{cite web |title=Review: Puyo Puyo Chronicles (3DS) |url=https://segabits.com/blog/2016/12/26/review-puyo-puyo-chronicles-3ds/ |website=SEGAbits | date=December 26, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2024}} Puyo Puyo Chronicle sold less than 22,000 copies in its lifetime,{{cite web |url=https://teitengame.com/2016_01.html |title=2016年 ソフト売上ランキング |language=ja |accessdate=October 31, 2024}} and series producer Mizuki Hosoyamada confirmed that the game had poor sales in a 2021 interview with Red Bull.{{cite web |url=https://www.redbull.com/jp-ja/puyo-puyo-30years |title=【『ぷよぷよ』30周年】eスポーツの名を掲げた国民的パズルゲームのこれから |work=Red Bull |language=ja|date=July 22, 2021 |accessdate=October 31, 2024}} This was the last dedicated Puyo Puyo game to coincide with an anniversary, with the series' 30th anniversary instead being commemorated with Super Puyo Quest Project, a large update to Puyopuyo!! Quest that changed major parts of the game;{{cite web |url=https://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1354215.html | date=September 28, 2021 | title=「ぷよぷよ!!クエスト」が大きく変わる！「スーパーぷよクエプロジェクト」10月より新要素を順次実装!!|website=Game Watch | publisher=Impress Watch| language=ja| accessdate=October 31, 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1342640.html | date=August 5, 2021 | title= 「Re:ゼロから始める異世界生活」×「ぷよぷよ!!クエスト」登場キャラクターなどコラボ詳細が明らかに |website=Game Watch | publisher=Impress Watch| language=ja| accessdate=October 31, 2024}} and content updates to Puyo Puyo Tetris 2.{{cite web |url=https://blog.playstation.com/2021/02/04/sega-celebrates-puyo-day-and-puyo-puyos-30th-anniversary-with-new-content-for-puyo-puyo-tetris-2/ | date=February 4, 2021| title= Sega celebrates Puyo Day and Puyo Puyo's 30th Anniversary with new content for Puyo Puyo Tetris 2 |website=Playstation Blog | publisher=Sony Interactive Entertainment | accessdate=October 31, 2024}}

{{Main|Shenmue (video game)|Shenmue II}}

Shenmue on the Dreamcast is more notorious for its overambitious budget than its poor sales figures. At the time of release in 1999, the game had the record for the most expensive production costs (over US$70 million),{{cite web | date= October 9, 2006 | title=Most Expensive Video Game | website=YouTube | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmXVco0Bkyk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/mmXVco0Bkyk |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live| access-date=2007-04-14}}{{cbignore}} and its five-year production time. In comparison, the games' total sale was 1.2 million copies.{{cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2001/oct01/10-11segatopgamespr.mspx |date=2001-10-12 |access-date=2007-12-12 |publisher=Microsoft |title=Microsoft Announces Leading Sega Games for Xbox |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319161134/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2001/oct01/10-11segatopgamespr.mspx |archive-date=2009-03-19}} Shenmue, however, was a critical hit, earning an average review score of 89%.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamerankings.com/dreamcast/198621-shenmue/index.html |title=Shenmue – DC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118192213/http://www.gamerankings.com/htmlpages2/198621.asp?q=shenmue |archive-date=2008-01-18}} on GameRankings The game was supposed to be the initial installment of a trilogy. The second installment was eventually released in 2001, but by this time the Dreamcast was floundering, so the game only saw a release in Japan and Europe. Sega eventually released it for North American players for the Xbox, but the poor performance of both titles combined with restructuring have made Sega reluctant to complete the trilogy for fear of failure to return on the investment.{{cite web |url=http://www.destructoid.com/sega-says-they-ll-trade-exclusivity-for-shenmue-funding-162125.phtml |title=SEGA says they'll trade exclusivity for Shenmue funding|date=31 January 2010}} However, a Kickstarter campaign has received record support for a third title, with a release originally set for 2018,{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-07-16/shenmue-iii-brings-back-ryo-japanese-english-voice-actors/.90523|title=Shenmue III Brings Back Ryo's Japanese, English Voice Actors|website=Anime News Network|date=2015-07-16|access-date=2015-07-16}} was eventually released on November 19, 2019.{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-05-16/shenmue-iii-ps4-pc-game-delayed-to-2019/.131623"|title=Shenmue III PS4/PC Game Delayed to 2019|website=Anime News Network|date=2018-05-16|access-date=2018-05-17}} Ports of the first two titles were released in 2018 for PC, Xbox One and PlayStation 4 to re-acclimate players in preparation for the third title's release.

{{Main|Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric|Sonic Boom: Shattered Crystal}}

Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric is a spin-off from the Sonic the Hedgehog series, released in 2014 and developed by Big Red Button Entertainment and IllFonic for Sega and Sonic Team, along with its handheld counterpart Sonic Boom: Shattered Crystal, which was developed by Sanzaru Games. Although both games received a negative reception, Rise of Lyric for the Wii U is particularly considered one of the worst video games of all time due to many glitches, poor gameplay and weak writing. Both games failed commercially, selling only 490,000 copies as of February 2015, making them the lowest-selling games in the Sonic franchise.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-02-12-sonic-boom-games-shifted-just-490-000-copies?.html |title=Sonic Boom games shifted just 490,000 copies?|website=Eurogamer|date=12 February 2015}} Big Red Button had considered shuttering in the wake of Rise of Lyric{{'s}} underperforming sales alongside its poor reception.{{cite web |last1=Hester |first1=Blake |title=Sonic the Hedgehog's long, great, rocky history |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/8/10756318/sonic-the-hedgehog-great-rocky-history |website=Polygon |access-date=April 22, 2022 |date=February 8, 2016}}

{{Main|Sonic Runners}}

Sonic Runners is a Sonic the Hedgehog game for Android and iOS. A side-scrolling endless runner, it was Sonic Team's first Sonic game that was exclusive to smartphones.{{cite web |last1=Musgrave |first1=Shaun |title=An Interview With Sonic Team's Takashi Iizuka About 'Sonic Runners' |url=https://toucharcade.com/2015/06/30/an-interview-with-sonic-teams-takashi-iizuka-about-sonic-runners/ |website=TouchArcade |access-date=August 18, 2018 |date=June 30, 2015}} It was soft launched in select regions in February 2015{{cite web |last1=Musgrave |first1=Shaun |title=Sonic Team's 'Sonic Runners' Soft Launches In Japan And Canada |url=https://toucharcade.com/2015/02/26/sonic-teams-sonic-runners-soft-launches-in-japan-and-canada/ |website=TouchArcade |access-date=August 19, 2018 |date=February 26, 2015}} and officially released worldwide in June 2015{{cite web |last1=Cardoso |first1=Jose |title=SEGA confirms Sonic Runners' official worldwide launch next week |url=https://www.gamezone.com/news/sega-confirms-sonic-runners-official-worldwide-launch-next-week-3420171/ |website=GameZone |access-date=August 19, 2018 |date=June 20, 2015}} to mixed reviews.{{cite web |title=Sonic Runners for iPhone/iPad Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/sonic-runners/critic-reviews/?platform=ios-iphoneipad |website=Metacritic |access-date=August 19, 2018}} Although it was downloaded over five million times,{{cite web |author1=Sega |title=Sonic Runners |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sega.sonicrunners |publisher=Google Play |access-date=August 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527183232/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sega.sonicrunners |archive-date=May 27, 2016 |date=March 8, 2016 |language=fr}} the game's publisher, Sega, considered it a commercial failure because it only made between ¥30–50 million a month.{{cite web |title=Sega Networks Strategic Presentation |url=https://www.segasammy.co.jp/english/ir/library/pdf/settlement/2016/20151218_sgn_presentation_e_.pdf |publisher=Sega |access-date=August 20, 2018 |page=11 |date=December 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024325/https://www.segasammy.co.jp/english/ir/library/pdf/settlement/2016/20151218_sgn_presentation_e_.pdf |archive-date=June 1, 2016 |url-status=dead }} As a result, it was discontinued in July 2016. Nintendo Life wrote its failure as proof that the recognizability of a brand does not guarantee success.{{cite web |last1=Whitehead |first1=Thomas |title=Sonic Runners, SEGA's Mobile Release by the Sonic Team, is Getting Shut Down |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2016/05/sonic_runners_segas_mobile_release_by_the_sonic_team_is_getting_shut_down |website=Nintendo Life |access-date=August 20, 2018 |date=May 28, 2016}}

{{main|Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League}}

Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League was developed by Rocksteady Games who previously developed the highly successful Batman: Arkham series for Warner Bros. Games. A continuation of their work in the DC Comics universe, the game focused on the rogue's gallery of villains. The game received lukewarm reviews, with particular criticism aimed at the game's live service elements, and fell below Warner Bros.' sales expectations. In May 2024, Warner Bros. took a $200 million impairment charge, in part due to the game's poor sales,{{cite web | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/suicide-squad-kill-the-justice-league-flop-leads-to-200-million-impairment-charge-warner-bros-confirms | title=Warner Bros. Says the Failure of Suicide Squad Kill the Justice League Contributed to a $200 Million Hit to Revenue | date=9 May 2024 }}{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-06/-suicide-squad-warner-bros-s-200-million-flop-haunts-the-gaming-industry | title=Behind 'Suicide Squad,' the Year's Biggest Video-Game Flop | newspaper=Bloomberg | date=6 June 2024 }} and Rocksteady suffered layoffs in August 2024.{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/rocksteady-hit-by-layoffs-after-suicide-squad-kill-the-justice-league-underperforms | title = Rocksteady hit by layoffs after Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League underperforms | first= Tom | last =Phillips | date = September 2, 2024 | accessdate = September 2, 2024 | work = Eurogamer }}

{{Main|Sunset (video game)}}

Sunset, a first-person exploration adventure game involving a housekeeper working for a dictator of a fictional country, was developed by two-person Belgian studio Tale of Tales, who previously had created several acclaimed arthouse style games and other audio-visual projects such as The Path. They wanted to make Sunset a "game for gamers" while still retaining their arthouse-style approach, and in addition to planning on a commercial release, used Kickstarter to gain funding. Sunset only sold about 4000 copies on its release, including those to Kickstarter backers. Tale of Tales opted to close their studio after sinking the company's finances into the game, and believed that if they did release any new games in the future, they would likely shy away from commercial release.{{cite web | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/06/22/sunset-dev-tale-of-tales-quits-commercial-game-development | title = SUNSET DEV TALE OF TALES QUITS COMMERCIAL GAME DEVELOPMENT | first = Vikki | last = Blake | date = 2015-06-22 | access-date= 2015-08-03 | website = IGN }}

{{Main|System Shock 2}}

System Shock 2 is the 1999 sequel to the 1994 immersive sim System Shock. The original game was made by Looking Glass Studios and published by Origin Systems, a subsidiary of Electronic Arts at the time. System Shock was critically praised and had modest sales. Irrational Games was formed in 1997 by three former Looking Glass employees, and Looking Glass approached Irrational about co-developing a game like System Shock, and after several iterations, came to the idea of a direct sequel. System Shock 2 was similarly met with critical praise at release and was named as Game of the Year by several publications,{{cite web|url=http://www.irrationalgames.com/shock2/|title=System Shock 2 official website|publisher=Irrational Games|year=2005|access-date=2008-02-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216161753/http://www.irrationalgames.com/shock2/ |archive-date = 2008-02-16}} but did not sell well, with only about 58,000 copies selling within eight months of release.{{cite book | title = Games That Sell! | last = Walker | first = Mark | publisher = Wordware Publishing, Inc | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-55622-950-3 | page = 193}}{{cite journal|title=PC Gamer Editors' Choice Winners: Does Quality Matter? |journal=PC Gamer|date=April 2000|page=33|publisher=Future US|location=United States|issn=1080-4471|oclc=31776112}} For Looking Glass, System Shock 2, similar to Thief: The Dark Project, represent games that they had developed with multi-million dollar budgets that they could not recoup, and due to mounting debt, Looking Glass closed down in May 2000.{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2015/4/6/8285529/looking-glass-history |title=Ahead of its time: The history of Looking Glass |first=Mike |last=Mahardy |date=April 6, 2015 |website=Polygon|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=July 8, 2019}} Irrational wanted to continue to develop in the System Shock series, but Electronic Arts, which owned the intellectual property, felt sales of System Shock 2 failed to meet expectations to justify a sequel. Instead, Irrational set out to develop a game as a spiritual successor to the gameplay concepts of System Shock but without using the property, resulting in their 2007 hit title BioShock.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-04-17-the-true-story-of-bioshock |title=Rapture leaked: The true story behind the making of BioShock |publisher=Eurogamer |date=April 17, 2014 |access-date=April 22, 2014 |first=Simon |last=Parkin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421234418/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-04-17-the-true-story-of-bioshock |archive-date=April 21, 2014 }}

{{Main|Uru: Ages Beyond Myst}}

The fourth game in the popular Myst series, released in 2003. It was developed by Cyan Worlds shortly after Riven was completed. The game took Cyan Worlds more than five years and $12 million to complete{{cite news|author=Gerianos, Nicholas|date=2003-11-23|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-11-23-uru-debut_x.htm|title=Creator of 'Myst' launches new game|work=USA Today|access-date=2008-09-17}} and was codenamed DIRT ("D'ni in real time"), then MUDPIE (meaning "Multi-User DIRT, Persistent / Personal Interactive Entertainment / Experience / Exploration / Environment"). Though it had generally positive reception,{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/uru-ages-beyond-myst/critic-reviews/?platform=pc|title=Uru: Ages Beyond Myst (pc: 2003): Reviews|website=Metacritic|access-date=2008-10-18}}{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/561642-uru-ages-beyond-myst/index.html|title=Uru: Ages Beyond Myst Reviews|publisher=GameRankings|access-date=2008-10-15}} the sales were disappointing.{{cite magazine|author=Hamilton, Anita|date=2004-08-09|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994827,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408163513/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994827,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 8, 2008|title=Secrets of The New Myst|magazine=Time|access-date=2008-11-17}} In comparison, the first three Myst games had sold more than 12 million units collectively before Uru{{'}}s release.{{cite press release|date=2003-05-07|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-101357734.html|title=New and Expanded Features Revealed for Highly-Anticipated Uru: Ages Beyond 'Myst'|publisher=Business Wire|access-date=2008-09-18}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Uru{{'}}s poor sales were also considered a factor in financially burdening Cyan, contributing to the company's near closure in 2005.{{cite web|author=Allin, Jack|date=2005-09-04|url=http://www.adventuregamers.com/newsitem.php?id=1057|title=Sayonara to Cyan Worlds|publisher=Adventure Gamers|access-date=2008-11-01}}

{{Main|Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Realms of Ruin}}

The real-time strategy video game Realms of Ruin is based on Warhammer Age of Sigmar. It was developed by Frontier Developments and released on 17 November 2023. Despite the "mixed or average" reviews (Metacritic), RoR game sales were much lower than expected.{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/warhammer-age-of-sigmar-realms-of-ruin/|title=Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Realms of Ruin|work=Metacritic|accessdate=January 19, 2024}} The RoR concurrent players on Steam peaked at 1,572 with just 129 playing on Steam on 27 November 2023.{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/warhammer-age-of-sigmar-realms-of-ruin-flops-frontier-shares-tank-nearly-20|title=Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Realms of Ruin Flops, Frontier Shares Tank Nearly 20%|first=Wesley|last=Yin-Poole|work=IGN|date=November 28, 2023|accessdate=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525125543/https://www.ign.com/articles/warhammer-age-of-sigmar-realms-of-ruin-flops-frontier-shares-tank-nearly-20 |archive-date=25 May 2024}} Post-launch, Frontier adjusted their revenue expectations with an expected "loss of around £9 million". Gaming journalists generally consider Realms of Ruin a flop.{{cite web |title=David Braben says Frontier Developments has had a 'turbulent and difficult year' as Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Realms of Ruin flops |date=27 November 2023 |website=PC Gamer |author=Rick Lane |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/david-braben-says-frontier-developments-has-had-a-turbulent-and-difficult-year-as-warhammer-age-of-sigmar-realms-of-ruin-flops/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130234937/https://www.pcgamer.com/david-braben-says-frontier-developments-has-had-a-turbulent-and-difficult-year-as-warhammer-age-of-sigmar-realms-of-ruin-flops/ |archive-date=November 30, 2023}} Stats on Video Game Insights show merely 69,330 units were sold via Steam with 36 active players (24h peak) and 54.1% positive reviews by 18 July 2024.{{cite web |title=Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Realms of Ruin - Steam Stats |website=Video Game Insights |date=18 July 2024 |url=https://vginsights.com/game/1844380 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718121437/https://vginsights.com/game/1844380 |archive-date=18 July 2024}} This caused Frontier Developments' shares to decline nearly 20%.

{{Main|I, Robot (video game)}}

Released by Atari in 1983, I, Robot was the first video game to use 3-D polygon graphics,{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} and the first that allowed the player to change camera angles.{{cite web |url=http://www.ionpool.net/arcade/irobot/anderson/ |title=Jeff Anderson's I, Robot page |publisher=Ionpool.net |date=2004-02-18 |access-date=2011-10-21 |archive-date=2014-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204222117/http://www.ionpool.net/arcade/irobot/anderson/ |url-status=dead }} It also had gameplay that rewarded planning and stealth as much as reflexes and trigger speed, and included a non-game mode called "Doodle City", where players could make artwork using the polygons. Production estimates vary, but consensus is that there were no more than 1500 units made.{{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-museum.com/I/I,_Robot.html |title=I, Robot |publisher=Arcade-museum.com |access-date=2011-10-21}}

{{Main|Jack the Giantkiller}}

In 1982, the President of Cinematronics arranged a one-time purchase of 5000 printed circuit boards from Japan. The boards were used in the manufacture of several games, but the majority of them were reserved for the new arcade game Jack the Giantkiller, based on the classic fairy tale Jack and the Beanstalk. Between the purchase price of the boards and other expenses, Cinematronics invested almost two million dollars into Jack the Giantkiller. It completely flopped in the arcade and many of the boards went unsold, costing the company a huge amount of money at a time when it was already having financial difficulties.{{cite web |url=http://zonn.com/Cinematronics/history.htm#Jack |title=History of Cinematronics Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215003433/http://zonn.com/Cinematronics/history.htm#Jack |archive-date=2008-02-15}} Jack and the 'Company' Killer

{{Main|Radar Scope}}

Radar Scope was one of the first arcade games released by Nintendo. It was released in Japan first, and a brief run of success there led Nintendo to order 3,000 units for the American market in 1980. American operators were unimpressed, however, and Nintendo of America was stuck with about 2,000 unsold Radar Scope machines sitting in the warehouse.{{cite web |url=http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1359432 |title=Experience the invasion of the SONIC GAMMA RAIDERS with supernatural "Laser Sound." |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214020552/http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1359432 |archive-date=2007-12-14}} Radar Scope @ Everything2.com

Facing a potential financial disaster, Nintendo assigned the game's designer, Shigeru Miyamoto, to revamp the game. Instead he designed a brand new game that could be run in the same cabinets and on the same hardware as Radar Scope.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/features/vgs/universal/hist_nintendo/3.html |title=Do the Donkey Kong (1980–1983)|work=GameSpot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014202335/http://www.gamespot.com/features/vgs/universal/hist_nintendo/3.html |archive-date=2007-10-14}} GameSpot: The History of Nintendo That new game was the smash hit Donkey Kong, and Nintendo was able to recoup its investment in 1981 by converting the remaining unsold Radar Scope units to Donkey Kong and selling those.{{cite web |url=http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=radar-scope&page=detail&id=2155 |title=Radar Scope at Arcade-History.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212053155/http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=2155 |archive-date=2008-02-12}}

{{Main|Sundance (video game)}}

Sundance is an arcade vector game released in 1979. Producer Cinematronics planned to manufacture about 1000 Sundance units, but sales suffered from a combination of poor gameplay and an abnormally high rate of manufacturing defects. The fallout rate in production was about 50%, the vector monitor (made by an outside vendor) had a defective picture tube that would arc and burn out if the game was left in certain positions during shipping,{{cite web |url=http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=sundance&page=detail&id=2693 |title=Sundance at Arcade-History.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212053200/http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=2693 |archive-date=2008-02-12}} and according to programmer Tim Skelly, the circuit boards required a lot of cut-and-jumpering between mother and daughter boards that also made for a very fragile setup.{{cite web|url=https://www.dadgum.com/giantlist/archive/cinematronics.html |title=Tim Skelly's history of Cinematronics |date=1999-06-01 |access-date=2011-10-21}} The units that survived to reach arcade floors were not a hit with gamers—Skelly himself reportedly felt that the gameplay lacked the "anxiety element" necessary in a good game and asked Cinematronics not to release it, and in an April 1983 interview with Video Games Magazine he referred to Sundance as "a total dog".[http://www.westnet.com/~chris/arcade/TimSkelly/ interview with Tim Skelly] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127153133/http://www.westnet.com/~chris/arcade/TimSkelly/ |date=November 27, 2016 }} Video Games magazine

• List of video games notable for negative reception
• List of best-selling video games
• List of films considered the worst
• List of television shows notable for negative reception
• List of video games considered the best

{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120625083611/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/ The Dumbest 25 moments in gaming] from GameSpy
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100619061820/http://www.411mania.com/games/columns/142335 The Silicon Valley 10 & 1 06.16.10: Top 10 Console Failures!]

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Commercial Failures In Video Gaming}}

Computer and video gaming

Category:Failure

Commercial failures in video gaming

Commercial failures in video gaming