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List of early Slavic peoples#East Slavs

{{Short description|None}}

{{more citations needed|date=February 2011}}

{{Indo-European topics|283}}

This is a list of early Slavic peoples reported in Late Antiquity and in the Middle Ages, that is, before the year AD 1500.

Ancestors

File:Indo-European Migrations. Source David Anthony (2007), The Horse, The Wheel and Language.jpg as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony]]

Antiquity

File:East europe 3-4cc.png identified as Baltic-speaking in purple, Slavic-speaking in light brown, and Finno-Ugric-speaking in green]]

File:East europe 5-6cc.png in 5th and 6th centuries CE, the area of archeological cultures identified as Baltic and Slavic became more fragmented.]]

{{cite book

|last1 = Anthony

|first1 = David W.

|author-link1 = David W. Anthony

|date = 26 July 2010

|orig-date = 2007

|title = The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0FDqf415wqgC

|location = Princeton

|publisher = Princeton University Press

|pages = 368, 380

|isbn = 9781400831104

|access-date = 14 October 2024

|quote = [...] most discussions of Germanic, Baltic, or Slavic origins look back to the Corded Ware horizon. [...] The Yamnaya and Corded Ware horizons bordered each other in the hills between Lvov and Ivano-Frankovsk, Ukraine, in the upper Dniester piedmont around 2800-2600 BCE [...]. [...] Slavic and Baltic probably evolved from dialects spoken on the middle Dnieper.

}}

Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World (568 p.) Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-14818-2}}

{{cite book

|last1 = Adams

|first1 = Douglas Q.

|author-link1 = Douglas Q. Adams

|last2 = Mallory

|first2 = James Patrick

|author-link2 = J. P. Mallory

|editor-last1 = Mallory

|editor-first1 = James Patrick

|editor-link1 = J. P. Mallory

|editor-last2 = Adams

|editor-first2 = Douglas Q.

|editor-link2 = Douglas Q. Adams

|year = 1997

|chapter = Slavic languages

|title = Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC

|location = London

|publisher = Taylor & Francis

|pages = 523, 526

|isbn = 9781884964985

|access-date = 14 October 2024

|quote = The earliest historical location of the Slavs, during the first half millennium or so AD, corresponds roughly to the central and western Ukraine and adjacent parts of Poland. [...] Goląb argues that Proto-Slavic emerges sometime about 1000 BC, i.e., in archaeological terms during the later part of the Bronze Age after the floruit of the Trzciniec and Komarov cultures which spanned Poland and the western Ukraine and are frequently regarded as Proto-Slavic.

}}

Proto-Slavs are mainly associated with the Zarubintsy culture

{{cite journal

| last1 = Tarasov

| first1 = Ilia M.

| title = The Balts in the Migration Period

| script-title = ru:Балты в миграциях Великого переселения народов

| trans-title = Balts in the migrations of the Great Migration period

| url = https://www.academia.edu/37147068

| journal = Исторический формат

| language = ru

| publication-date = 2017

| volume = 11-12

| issue = 3–4

| page = 97

| quote =

| access-date = 14 October 2024

}}

{{cite book

|last1 = Adams

|first1 = Douglas Q.

|author-link1 = Douglas Q. Adams

|last2 = Mallory

|first2 = James Patrick

|author-link2 = J. P. Mallory

|editor-last1 = Mallory

|editor-first1 = James Patrick

|editor-link1 = J. P. Mallory

|editor-last2 = Adams

|editor-first2 = Douglas Q.

|editor-link2 = Douglas Q. Adams

|year = 1997

|chapter = Zarubintsy Culture

|title = Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC

|location = London

|publisher = Taylor & Francis

|pages = 523, 526 657

|isbn = 9781884964985

|access-date = 14 October 2024

|quote = Zarubintsy is the easterly variant of the Przeworsk-Zarubintsy complex of cultures that occupied the northern Dnieper region from the third or second century BC to the second century AD. [...] The territory, both in terms of geographical position and the evidence of early Slavic river names, is probably to be associated with the (Proto-?) Slavic language although there are scholars to argue both a Germanic or Baltic identity.

}}

Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World (568 p.) Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-14818-2}}{{qn|date=October 2024}} that had possible links to the ancient peoples of the Vistula basin (Przeworsk culture). Proto and Early Slavs, who were closely related to the Balts, were more influenced by the ancient Celts (La Tène culture) and by the Scythians and Sarmatians (Western Eurasian Steppe Iranian peoples from the northeast group who were nomads or seminomads)."Land and People, p.23" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2005.Tarasov I. The balts in the Migration Period. P. I. Galindians, p. 97 According to Marija Gimbutas, the people named "Scythian Farmers", mentioned by Herodotus, were the Proto-Slavs or Early Slavs, who bordered and lived south of the Balts, and not Scythians.Gimbutas, Marija (1963). The Balts. London : Thames and Hudson, Ancient peoples and places 33.

Middle Ages

{{See also|Middle Ages}}

File:Slav-7-8-obrez.png and expansion (in the context of Migration period).]]

{{more citations needed|section|date=August 2022}}

=East Slavs=

File:East Slavic tribes peoples 8th 9th century.jpg, the first East Slavic stateOscar Halecki. (1952). Borderlands of Western Civilization. New York: Ronald Press Company. pp. 45-46 - in the 8th and 9th century.]]

=West Slavs=

File:West slavs 9th-10th c..png

File:České kmeny.png in red, on a map of modern Czech Republic]]

=South Slavs=

File:Early medieval South Slavic tribes.png

South Slavic tribes descend mainly from two Slavic tribal confederations, Sclaveni and Antes. To reach the Balkans, the two groups took two different paths. While the Sclaveni came from Central Europe north of the Danube and migrated south around the eastern edges of the Alps and across the western part of the Pannonian Plain, the Antes came from the steppe between the Dniester and the Dnieper, penetrating into the Balkans throuhgh Transylvania or, alternatively, the mouth of the Danube.{{cite book | last = Magosci | first = Paul Robert | title = A History of Ukraine | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 2010 |edition=2nd | isbn = 978-0-8020-7820-9|pages=43}}

A number of historians have attributed the early split between Eastern and Western South Slavs to the different origins of Sclaveni and Antes.{{cite book |last=Szmoniewski|first=B. S. |editor-first=Florin |editor-last=Curta|chapter=The Antes: Eastern "Brothers" of the Sclavenes ? |title=Neglected Barbarians|year=2012|publisher =Brepols|isbn= 978-2-503-53125-0|pages=62}} While Western South Slavs were closely linked to the Western Slavic Veneti, Eastern South Slavs originated from the Eastern Slavic Antes. This is confirmed by both historical records and the duplication of tribal names between West Slavs and Western South Slavs and East Slavs and Eastern South Slavs, respectively. For example, the Polabian White Serb confederation is generally thought to be the ancestor of both Western Slavic Sorbs and South Slavic Serbs, while the Dunabian Abodriti, also known as Praedenecenti, are generally associated with the Polabian Obotrites.{{cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |author-link=Florin Curta |year=2006 |title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250 |url=https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89452-4|page=158 (Note 100)}}

The same is true for Antes and Eastern South Slavs. For example, part of the East Slavic Severians are known to have migrated to present-day northeastern Bulgaria, becoming foederati of the First Bulgarian Empire under the name Severi, while some Pripyat Dregoviches are assumed to have migrated to the valley of the Vardar, establishing themselves as the Drougoubitai.{{cite book |author=John Van Antwerp Fine |author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine, Jr. |title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1991 |pages=69, 77 |isbn=9780472081493}} The Seven Slavic tribes are also hypothesized to be Antes hailing from the lands of modern Ukraine, but missing records of their tribal names makes the hypothesis unverifiable.

Therefore, it has been suggested that the ancestors of medieval Bosnians, Serbs and Croatians were the Sclaveni, wereas the progenitors of the Bulgarian Slavs were the Antes.{{Cite book|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp Jr.|author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.|title=When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods|year=2005|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|publisher=University of Michigan Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C|isbn=0472025600|access-date=9 March 2018|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927203730/https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C|url-status=live|pages=26, 66}} Nevertheless, there must have been substantial overlap between Sclaveni and Antes, especially in contact zones. For example, the exact origin of White Croats is still shrouded in mystery. Some scholars consider them be an Antes tribal polity that migrated to Galicia in the 3rd–4th century,{{cite book |first=Alemko |last=Gluhak |title=Porijeklo imena Hrvat |trans-title=Origin of the name Croat |publisher=Alemko Gluhak |location=Zagreb, Čakovec |year=1990 |language=hr|pages=115–116}}{{cite book |last=Paščenko |first=Jevgenij |title=Podrijetlo Hrvata i Ukrajina |trans-title=The origin of Croats and Ukraine |editor1-last=Nosić |editor1-first=Milan |language=hr |publisher=Maveda |year=2006| isbn=953-7029-03-4|pages=84–87}}{{cite book |first=Valentin Vasilyevich |last=Sedov |year=2013 |orig-date=1995 |title=Славяне в раннем Средневековье |trans-title=Sloveni u ranom srednjem veku (Slavs in Early Middle Ages) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HD4oAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Akademska knjiga |location=Novi Sad |isbn=978-86-6263-026-1|pages=444, 451, 501, 516}} while others regard them as early Sclaveni or as a mixture of both Antes and Sclaveni.{{cite book |last=Majorov |first=Aleksandr Vjačeslavovič |year=2012 |title=Velika Hrvatska: etnogeneza i rana povijest Slavena prikarpatskoga područja |trans-title=Great Croatia: ethnogenesis and early history of Slavs in the Carpathian area |language=hr |location=Zagreb, Samobor |publisher=Brethren of the Croatian Dragon, Meridijani |isbn=978-953-6928-26-2|pages=85–86, 168}}

Nevertheless, South Slavs over time evolved into a new Slavic ethnolinguistic group. This phenomenon was accentuated by the Bavarian expansion east (as an element in the Ostsiedlung) and by the Magyar settlement and expansion in the Pannonian Plain, which severed the contiguous land or territory between West and South Slavs (in the Middle Danube river basin) and contact between both of them, contributing to greater differentiation.

Unclassified Slavs

  • Sittici / Zhytychi / Zuireani?Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
  • Zerivani / Zeriuani / ZeruianiKoncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
  • Znetalici

Possible Slavs

=Unclassified=

  • Miloxi
  • Uerizane / Verizane
  • Brodnici, Slavic tribe, inhibiting brod/shallow river areas or areas with brodnica shrubs, type of a wild berry, see place names Brodnica, Bródnica in Slavic speaking countries.

=Slavs or Balts=

=Slavs, Balts or Uralics=

=Slavs or Romance peoples=

=Slavs or Turkics=

  • Sebbirozi / Zabirozi / Zabrozi / Sabirs (possibly Turkic)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

=Mixed=

  • Keramisians or, more likely, Sermesianoi, a mixed population of some 70,000 Bulgars, Pannonian Slavs and Byzantine Christians from Syrmia led by the Bulgar (khan) Kuber,{{Cite book|last=Curta|first=Florin|author-link=Florin Curta|title=The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700|year=2001|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139428880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcFGhCVs0sYC|pages=106}}{{cite book|title = The Early Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century |last = Fine | first = J. | year = 1991 | publisher = University of Michigan Press |pages=46–48|isbn = 0-472-08149-7 }} who unsuccessfully tried to seize Thessaloniki and then settled in the Keramisian field (a corruption of "Sermesian", i.e., of Sirmium), most likely the Pelagonia plain in North Macedonia, in 680. Since treasures attributed to them have been found at Vrap and Ersekë in Eastern Albania,{{cite book |last=Микулчиќ |first=Иван |year=1996 |title=Средновековни градови и тврдини во Македонија|trans-title=Medieval towns and castles in the Republic of Macedonia|language=mk |publisher=Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite |isbn=9989-649-08-1|pages=29–33 }} the Sermesianoi are hypothesized to have migrated west following Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian's campaigns against them in the early 700s.

Unclassified peoples or tribes

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Baltic Indo-European

  • Thafnezi / Athfenzi / (Y)athfengi? (possibly Yatvingians)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Iranian Indo-European

  • Lucolane / Lucolani (possibly Alan Sarmatian Iranians)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
  • Serauici / Seravici (possibly Alan Sarmatian Iranians)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Turkic

  • Attorozi (possibly Turkic)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
  • Aturezani (possibly Turkic)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
  • Chozirozi / Caziri (possibly the Khazars)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
  • Uuilerozi / Vilerozi / Bilerozi (possibly Turkic)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Uralic

  • Neriuani / Nerivani / Merivani (possibly Uralic, the Merya?)Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and Unknown

See also

Sources

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-884964-98-5}}
  • Barford, Paul M (2001), The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe, Cornell University Press, {{ISBN|0-8014-3977-9}}
  • Gimbutas, Marija Alseikaitė (1971), The Slavs, Thames and Hudson, {{ISBN|0-500-02072-8}}
  • Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Y4RbnZEOr8 First Slavic Tribes] www.youtube.com

{{Bavarian Geographer}}

{{Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)}}

{{Slavic ethnic groups}}

Ancient Slavs

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Slavic

Slavic

Slavic