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List of file signatures

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{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}

A file signature is data used to identify or verify the content of a file. Such signatures are also known as magic numbers or magic bytes and are usually appended at the beginning of the file.

Many file formats are not intended to be read as text. If such a file is accidentally viewed as a text file, its contents will be unintelligible. However, some file signatures can be recognizable when interpreted as text. In the table below, the column "ISO 8859-1" shows how the file signature appears when interpreted as text in the common ISO 8859-1 encoding, with unprintable characters represented as the control code abbreviation or symbol, or codepage 1252 character where available, or a box otherwise. In some cases the space character is shown as ␠.

class="wikitable sortable"
data-sort-type="text" style="width:14em" |Hex signature

! ISO 8859-1

! Offset

! Extension

! Description

data-sort-value="2@3@21" |23 21

|#!

| 0

|

| Script or data to be passed to the program following the shebang (#!){{Cite web |title=execve(2): execute program - Linux man page |url=https://linux.die.net/man/2/execve |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=linux.die.net}}

02 00 5a 57 52 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

|␂␀ZWRT␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀

|0

|cwk

|Claris Works word processing doc

00 00 02 00 06 04 06 00 08 00 00 00 00 00

|␀␀␂␀␆␄␆␀␈␀␀␀␀␀

|0

|wk1

|Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v1) file

00 00 1A 00 00 10 04 00 00 00 00 00

|␀␀␚␀␀␊␄␀␀␀␀␀

|0

|wk3

|Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v3) file

00 00 1A 00 02 10 04 00 00 00 00 00

|␀␀␚␀␂␊␄␀␀␀␀␀

|0

|wk4
wk5

|Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v4, v5) file

00 00 1A 00 05 10 04

|␀␀␚␀␅␊␄

|0

|123

|Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v9) file

00 00 03 F3

|␀␀␃ó

|0

|

|Amiga Hunk executable file

00 00 49 49 58 50 52 (little-endian)
00 00 4D 4D 58 50 52 (big-endian)

|␀␀IIXPR
␀␀MMXPR

|0

|qxd

|Quark Express document

50 57 53 33

|PWS3

|0

|psafe3

|Password Gorilla Password Database

D4 C3 B2 A1 (little-endian)

|Ôò¡

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |pcap

| rowspan="2" |Libpcap File Format{{cite web |url=https://wiki.wireshark.org/Development/LibpcapFileFormat#Global_Header|title=Libpcap File Format|access-date=2018-06-19}}

A1 B2 C3 D4 (big-endian)

|¡²ÃÔ

4D 3C B2 A1 (little-endian)

|M<²¡

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |pcap

| rowspan="2" |Libpcap File Format (nanosecond-resolution)

A1 B2 3C 4D (big-endian)

|¡²

0A 0D 0D 0A

|␊␍␍␊

| 0

|pcapng

|PCAP Next Generation Dump File Format{{cite web |url=https://www.winpcap.org/ntar/draft/PCAP-DumpFileFormat.html#sectionshb |title=PCAP Next Generation Dump File Format |access-date=2018-06-19}}

ED AB EE DB

|í«îÛ

| 0

|rpm

|RedHat Package Manager (RPM) package{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/.vhost/www.openpkg.org/doc/book/maximum-rpm.html/node26.html |server=FTP server |url-status=dead |title=A. Format of the RPM file |access-date=2017-02-15 }}

data-sort-value="5@3@5@1" |53 51 4C 69 74 65 20 66
6F 72 6D 61 74 20 33 00

|SQLite format 3␀

| 0

|sqlitedb
sqlite
db

|SQLite Database{{cite web |url=https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat.html |title=Database File Format |access-date=2018-11-16}}

data-sort-value="5@3@5@0" |53 50 30 31

|SP01

| 0

|bin

|Amazon Kindle Update Package{{cite web |url=https://github.com/NiLuJe/KindleTool |title=GitHub - NiLuJe/KindleTool: Tool for creating/extracting Kindle updates and more |website=GitHub |access-date=2017-02-15}}

49 57 41 44

|IWAD

| 0

|wad

|internal WAD (main resource file of Doom){{cite web|url=https://zdoom.org/wiki/IWAD|title=IWAD|access-date=2022-07-05}}

00

|␀

| 0

|PIC
PIF
SEA
YTR

|IBM Storyboard bitmap file
Windows Program Information File
Mac Stuffit Self-Extracting Archive
IRIS OCR data file

data-sort-value="O11" |00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

|␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀
␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀
␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀

| 11

| PDB

| PalmPilot Database/Document File

BE BA FE CA

|¾ºþÊ

| 0

| DBA

| Palm Desktop Calendar Archive

00 01 42 44

|␀␁BD

| 0

| DBA

| Palm Desktop To Do Archive

00 01 44 54

|␀␁DT

| 0

| TDA

| Palm Desktop Calendar Archive

data-sort-value="5@4@4446" |54 44 46 24

|TDF$

| 0

| TDF$

| Telegram Desktop File

data-sort-value="5@4@4445" |54 44 45 46

|TDEF

| 0

| TDEF

| Telegram Desktop Encrypted File

00 01 00 00

|␀␁␀␀

| 0

|

| Palm Desktop Data File (Access format)

00 00 01 00

|␀␀␁␀

|0

|ico

|Computer icon encoded in ICO file format[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms997538.aspx Icons] (at MSDN)

data-sort-value="6@9@6@3" |69 63 6e 73

|icns

|0

|icns

|Apple Icon Image format

data-sort-value="O4@667479703367" |66 74 79 70 33 67

|ftyp3g

|4

|3gp
3g2

|3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP and 3GPP2 multimedia files

data-sort-value="O4@667479703367" |66 74 79 70 68 65 69 6366 74 79 70 6d

|ftypheic

|4

|heic

|High Efficiency Image Container (HEIC)

1F 9D

|␟□

| 0

| z
tar.z

|compressed file (often tar zip) using Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm

1F A0

|␟⍽

| 0

| z
tar.z

|Compressed file (often tar zip) using LZH algorithm

data-sort-value="2@D@6@8@6@C@3@0@2@D" |2D 6C 68 30 2D

|-lh0-

| 2

| lzh

| Lempel Ziv Huffman archive file Method 0 (No compression)

data-sort-value="2@D@6@8@6@C@3@5@2@D" |2D 6C 68 35 2D

|-lh5-

| 2

| lzh

| Lempel Ziv Huffman archive file Method 5 (8 KiB sliding window)

data-sort-value="4@2@4@1" |42 41 43 4B 4D 49 4B 45
44 49 53 4B

|BACKMIKEDISK

| 0

| bac

| AmiBack Amiga Backup data file

data-sort-value="4@9@4E" |49 4E 44 58

|INDX

| 0

| idx

| AmiBack Amiga Backup index file

data-sort-value="6@2@70" |62 70 6C 69 73 74

|bplist

| 0

| plist

| Binary Property List file

data-sort-value="4@2@5A" |42 5A 68

|BZh

| 0

| bz2

| Compressed file using Bzip2 algorithm

data-sort-value="4@7@49" |47 49 46 38 37 61
47 49 46 38 39 61

|GIF87a
GIF89a

|0

|gif

|Image file encoded in the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)[http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt GRAPHICS INTERCHANGE FORMAT(sm) Version 89a]

data-sort-value="4@9@4@9" |49 49 2A 00 (little-endian)

|II*␀

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |tif
tiff

| rowspan="2" |Tagged Image File Format (TIFF){{Cite web |date=2022-04-06 |title=TIFF, Revision 6.0 |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000022.shtml |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=Sustainability of Digital Formats: Planning for Library of Congress Collections |publisher=The Library of Congress}}

4D 4D 00 2A (big-endian)

|MM␀*

49 49 2B 00 (little-endian)

|II+␀

|0

| rowspan="2" |tif

tiff

| rowspan="2" |BigTIFF{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=BigTIFF |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000328.shtml |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=www.loc.gov}}

4D 4D 00 2B (big-endian)

|MM␀+

|0

data-sort-value="4@9@4@9B" |49 49 2A 00 10 00 00 00
43 52

|II*␀␐␀␀␀CR

| 0

| cr2

| Canon RAW Format Version 2{{cite web|url=http://filext.com/file-extension/CR2|title=File Extension .CR2 Details|author=Computer Knowledge|work=filext.com}}
Canon's RAW format is based on TIFF.{{cite web |url=http://lclevy.free.fr/cr2/#key_info |title=Inside the Canon RAW format version 2, understanding .CR2 file format and files produced by Canon EOS Digital Camera|work=free.fr}}

data-sort-value="4@9@4@9B" |66 74 79 70 63 72 78
43 52

|ftypcrx

| 0

| cr3

data-sort-value="8@0" |80 2A 5F D7

|€*_×

| 0

| cin

| Kodak Cineon image

data-sort-value="5@2@4E" |52 4E 43 01
52 4E 43 02

|RNC␁
RNC␂

|0

|

|Compressed file using Rob Northen Compression (version 1 and 2) algorithm{{cite web |title=Rob Northen compression |url=http://segaretro.org/Rob_Northen_compression |website=Sega Retro |access-date=18 January 2024 |language=en |date=11 August 2020}}

4E 55 52 55 49 4D 47
4E 55 52 55 50 41 4C

|NURUIMG
NURUPAL

|0

|nui
nup

|nuru ASCII/ANSI image and palette files{{cite web |title=domsson/nuru |url=https://github.com/domsson/nuru |website=github.com |date=9 September 2023}}

data-sort-value="5@3@4@4" |53 44 50 58 (big-endian format)

|SDPX

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |dpx

| rowspan="2" |SMPTE DPX image

data-sort-value="5@850" |58 50 44 53 (little-endian format)

|XPDS

data-sort-value="7@6@2" |76 2F 31 01

|v/1␁

| 0

| exr

| OpenEXR image

data-sort-value="4@2@5@0" |42 50 47 FB

|BPGû

| 0

| bpg

| Better Portable Graphics format{{cite web |url=http://bellard.org/bpg/ |first=Fabrice |last=Bellard |date=2015 |title=BPG Image format}}

data-sort-value="F@F@D@8" |FF D8 FF DB

|ÿØÿÛ

| rowspan="4" | 0

| rowspan="4" | jpg
jpeg

| rowspan="4" | JPEG raw or in the JFIF or Exif file format{{cite web |url=https://jpeg.org/jpeg/ |title=Overview of JPEG 1}}

data-sort-value="F@F@D@8" |FF D8 FF E0 00 10 4A 46
49 46 00 01

|ÿØÿà␀␐JFIF␀␁

data-sort-value="F@F@D@8" |FF D8 FF EE

|ÿØÿî

data-sort-value="F@F@D@8" |FF D8 FF E1 ?? ?? 45 78
69 66 00 00

|ÿØÿá??Exif␀␀

data-sort-value="F@F@D@8" |FF D8 FF E0

|ÿØÿà

|0

|jpg

|JPEG raw or in the JFIF or Exif file format

data-sort-value="0@0@0@0" |{{code|00 00 00 0C 6A 50 20 20 0D 0A 87 0A}}

|␀␀␀␌jP␠␠␍␊‡␊

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |jp2
j2k
jpf
jpm
jpg2
j2c
jpc
jpx
mj2

| rowspan="2" | JPEG 2000 format{{cite web |url=https://jpeg.org/jpeg2000/|title=Overview of JPEG 2000}}

data-sort-value="0@0@0@0" |{{code|FF 4F FF 51}}

|ÿOÿQ

data-sort-value="71@6f@69@66" |71 6f 69 66

|qoif

| 0

|qoi

| QOI - The “Quite OK Image Format”{{cite web |url=https://qoiformat.org/qoi-specification.pdf|title=qoi-specification}}

data-sort-value="4@6@4F49" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
49 4C 42 4D

|FORM????ILBM

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| ilbm
lbm
ibm
iff

| IFF Interleaved Bitmap Image

data-sort-value="4@6@4F38" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
38 53 56 58

|FORM????8SVX

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| 8svx
8sv
svx
snd
iff

| IFF 8-Bit Sampled Voice

data-sort-value="4@6@4F41@4@3" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
41 43 42 4D

|FORM????ACBM

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| acbm
iff

| Amiga Contiguous Bitmap

data-sort-value="4@6@4F41@4E42" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
41 4E 42 4D

|FORM????ANBM

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| anbm
iff

| IFF Animated Bitmap

data-sort-value="4@6@4F41@4E49" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
41 4E 49 4D

|FORM????ANIM

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| anim
iff

| IFF CEL Animation

data-sort-value="4@6@4F46@415" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
46 41 58 58

|FORM????FAXX

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| faxx
fax
iff

| IFF Facsimile Image

data-sort-value="4@6@4F46@545" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
46 54 58 54

|FORM????FTXT

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| ftxt
iff

| IFF Formatted Text

data-sort-value="4@6@4F53" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
53 4D 55 53

|FORM????SMUS

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| smus
smu
mus
iff

| IFF Simple Musical Score

data-sort-value="4@6@4F43" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
43 4D 55 53

|FORM????CMUS

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| cmus
mus
iff

| IFF Musical Score

data-sort-value="4@6@4F59" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
59 55 56 4E

|FORM????YUVN

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| yuvn
yuv
iff

| IFF YUV Image

data-sort-value="4@6@4F46@414" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
46 41 4E 54

|FORM????FANT

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| iff

| Amiga Fantavision Movie

data-sort-value="4@6@4F41@4@9" |46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ??
41 49 46 46

|FORM????AIFF

| data-sort-value="3" |0
any

| aiff
aif
aifc
snd
iff

| Audio Interchange File Format

4C 5A 49 50

|LZIP

| 0

| lz

| lzip compressed file{{cite news|url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-diaz-lzip/|at=section 2|title=Lzip Compressed Format and the 'application/lzip' Media Type|newspaper=Ietf Datatracker }}

30 37 30 37 30 37

|070707

|0

|cpio

|cpio archive file{{cite web |url=https://www.mkssoftware.com/docs/man4/cpio.4.asp|title=Format of cpio archives |access-date=2022-07-05}}

4D 5A

|MZ

| 0

| exe
dll
mui
sys
scr
cpl
ocx
ax
iec
ime
rs
tsp
fon
efi

| DOS MZ executable and its descendants (including NE and PE)

53 4D 53 4E 46 32 30 30

|SMSNF200

| 0

| ssp

| SmartSniff Packets File {{cite web |url=https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/smsniff.html|title=Format of SmartSniff packets file |access-date=2024-08-05}}

5A 4D

|ZM

| 0

| exe

| DOS ZM executable and its descendants (rare)

data-sort-value="5@0@4B" |50 4B 03 04
50 4B 05 06 (empty archive)
50 4B 07 08 (spanned archive)

|PK␃␄
PK␅␆
PK␇␈

| 0

| zip
aar
apk
docx
epub
ipa
jar
kmz
maff
msix
odp
ods
odt
pk3
pk4
pptx
usdz
vsdx
xlsx
xpi

whl

| zip file format and formats based on it, such as EPUB, JAR, ODF, OOXML

data-sort-value="5@2@61" |52 61 72 21 1A 07 00

|Rar!␚␇␀

| 0

| rar

| Roshal ARchive compressed archive v1.50 onwards{{cite tech report |title=TechNote.txt: RAR version 4.00 - Technical information |date=2010-12-01 |quote=The marker block is actually considered as a fixed byte sequence: 0x52 0x61 0x72 0x21 0x1a 0x07 0x00}}

data-sort-value="5@2@61B" |52 61 72 21 1A 07 01 00

|Rar!␚␇␁␀

| 0

| rar

| Roshal ARchive compressed archive v5.00 onwards{{cite web |url=https://www.rarlab.com/technote.htm |title=RAR 5.0 archive format |access-date=2023-10-19}}

7F 45 4C 46

|␡ELF

|0

| none, .axf, .bin, .elf, .o, .out, .prx, .puff, .ko, .mod, .so

| Executable and Linkable FormatTool Interface Standard (TIS) [http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/elf/elf.pdf Executable and Linking Format (ELF) Specification] Version 1.2 (May 1995)

data-sort-value="8@9" |89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A

|‰PNG␍␊␚␊

| 0

| png

| Image encoded in the Portable Network Graphics format{{cite IETF|rfc=2083|title=PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification Version 1.0|publisher=IETF}}

data-sort-value="8@9" |0E 03 13 01

|␅␃␓␁

| 0

| hdf4
h4

| Data stored in version 4 of the Hierarchical Data Format.

data-sort-value="8@9" |89 48 44 46 0D 0A 1A 0A

|‰HDF␍␊␚␊

| 0, 512, 1024, 2048, ...

| hdf5
h5

| Data stored in version 5 of the Hierarchical Data Format.

C9

|É

| 0

| com

| CP/M 3 and higher with overlays

CA FE BA BE

|Êþº¾

| 0

| class

| Java class file, Mach-O Fat Binary

EF BB BF

|

| 0

|txt
others

| UTF-8 byte order mark, commonly seen in text files.{{Cite web|url=https://unicode.org/faq/utf_bom.html#BOM|title = Faq - Utf-8, Utf-16, Utf-32 & Bom}}{{Cite web|url=https://odieweblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/10/how-to-load-xml-from-file-with-encoding-detection|title=How to : Load XML from File with Encoding Detection|date=10 April 2016}}{{Cite web|url=https://docs.sdl.com/791187/581899/sdl-contenta-5-7/representations-of-boms-by-encoding|title=SDL Documentation}}

FF FE

|ÿþ

| 0

|txt
others

|UTF-16LE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files.

FE FF

|þÿ

| 0

|txt
others

|UTF-16BE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files.

FF FE 00 00

|ÿþ␀␀

| 0

|txt
others

|UTF-32LE byte order mark for text

00 00 FE FF

|␀␀þÿ

|0

|txt
others

|UTF-32BE byte order mark for text

2B 2F 76 38
2B 2F 76 39
2B 2F 76 2B
2B 2F 76 2F

|+/v8
+/v9
+/v+
+/v/

|0

|

|UTF-7 byte order mark for text{{cite web|url=https://unicode.org/L2/L2021/21038-bom-guidance.pdf|title=Clarify guidance for use of a BOM as a UTF-8 encoding signature|first=Tom|last=Honerman|date=January 2, 2021}}

0E FE FF

|␎þÿ

|0

|txt
others

|SCSU byte order mark for text

DD 73 66 73

|Ýsfs

|0

|

|UTF-EBCDIC byte order mark for text

FE ED FA CE

|þíúÎ

| data-sort-value="2.4096" |0
0x1000

|

| Mach-O binary (32-bit)

FE ED FA CF

|þíúÏ

| data-sort-value="2.4096" |0
0x1000

|

| Mach-O binary (64-bit)

FE ED FE ED

|þíþí

| 0

|

| JKS Javakey Store{{cite web |title=JKS |url=https://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk10/jdk10/jdk/file/777356696811/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/provider/JavaKeyStore.java |website=Javakey Store}}

CE FA ED FE

|Îúíþ

| 0

|

| Mach-O binary (reverse byte ordering scheme, 32-bit){{cite web |url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/MachORuntime/Reference/reference.html |title=Mac Developer Library|work=apple.com}}

CF FA ED FE

|Ïúíþ

| 0

|

| Mach-O binary (reverse byte ordering scheme, 64-bit)

data-sort-value="2@5@2" |25 21 50 53

|%!PS

| 0

| ps

| PostScript document

data-sort-value="2@5@2@1@5@0@5@3@2@d@4@1" |25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F 62 65 2D 33 2E 30 20 45 50 53 46 2D 33 2E 30

|%!PS-Adobe-3.0 ESPF-3.0

|0

|eps
epsf

|Encapsulated PostScript file version 3.0{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000246.shtml|title=Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) File Format, Version 3.x |website=Library of Congress |date=10 May 2022 |access-date=2022-07-05}}

data-sort-value="2@5@2@1@5@0@5@3@2@d@4@1" |25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F 62 65 2D 33 2E 31 20 45 50 53 46 2D 33 2E 30

|%!PS-Adobe-3.1 ESPF-3.0

|0

|eps
epsf

|Encapsulated PostScript file version 3.1{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000246.shtml |title=Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) File Format, Version 3.x |website=Library of Congress |date=10 May 2022 |access-date=2022-07-05}}

data-sort-value="4@9@5@4" |49 54 53 46 03 00 00 00
60 00 00 00

|ITSF␃␀␀␀`␀␀␀

| 0

| chm

| MS Windows HtmlHelp Data

data-sort-value="3@F@5@F" |3F 5F

|?_

| 0

| hlp

| Windows 3.x/95/98 Help file

data-sort-value="2@5@5" |25 50 44 46 2D

|%PDF-

| 0

| pdf

| PDF document{{cite web |url=https://github.com/file/file/blob/master/magic/Magdir/pdf|title=File command PDF Magic format|website=GitHub|access-date=2018-11-06}}

data-sort-value="3@0@2" |30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF 11
A6 D9 00 AA 00 62 CE 6C

|0&²uŽfÏ␑¦Ù␀ª␀bÎl

| 0

| asf
wma
wmv

| Advanced Systems Format{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000067.shtml |title=ASF (Advanced Systems Format)|date=6 April 2007}}

data-sort-value="2@4" |24 53 44 49 30 30 30 31

|$SDI0001

| 0

|

| System Deployment Image, a disk image format used by Microsoft

4F 67 67 53

|OggS

| 0

| ogg
oga
ogv

| Ogg, an open source media container format

data-sort-value="3@8" |38 42 50 53

|8BPS

| 0

| psd

| Photoshop Document file, Adobe Photoshop's native file format

data-sort-value="5@2@4@9574@1" |52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ??
57 41 56 45

|RIFF????WAVE

| 0

| wav

| Waveform Audio File Format{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=WAVE Audio File Format |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000001.shtml |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=Sustainability of Digital Formats: Planning for Library of Congress Collections |publisher=The Library of Congress}}

data-sort-value="5@2@4@9415" |52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ??
41 56 49 20

|RIFF????AVI␠

| 0

| avi

| Audio Video Interleave video format{{Cite web |date=2016-03-09 |title=AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) File Format |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000059.shtml |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=Sustainability of Digital Formats: Planning for Library of Congress Collections |publisher=The Library of Congress}}

FF FB
FF F3
FF F2

|ÿû
ÿó
ÿò

| 0

| mp3

| MPEG-1 Layer 3 file without an ID3 tag or with an ID3v1 tag (which is appended at the end of the file)

data-sort-value="4@9@4@4" |49 44 33

|ID3

| 0

| mp3

| MP3 file with an ID3v2 container

data-sort-value="4@2@4D" |42 4D

|BM

| 0

| bmp
dib

| BMP file, a bitmap format used mostly in the Windows world

data-sort-value="O32769" |43 44 30 30 31

|CD001

| data-sort-value="32769" |0x8001
0x8801
0x9001

| iso

| ISO9660 CD/DVD image file{{cite web|url=http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html|date=21 October 2012|access-date=28 December 2012|title=File Signatures Table|author=Gary C. Kessler}}

data-sort-value="O32769" |43 44 30 30 31

|CD001

| data-sort-value="387785" |0x5EAC9

| cdi

| CD-i CD image file

data-sort-value="6@d@6@1@6@9" |6D 61 69 6E 2E 62 73

|main.bs

| 0

| mgw

| Nintendo Game & Watch image file

data-sort-value="4@e@4@5@5@3" |4E 45 53

|NES

| 0

| nes

| Nintendo Entertainment System image file

data-sort-value="a@0@3@2@4@1" |A0 32 41 A0 A0 A0

|2A

| data-sort-value="91556" |0x165A4

| d64

| Commodore 64 1541 disk image (D64 format)

data-sort-value="4@7@4@3@5@2" |47 53 52 2D 31 35 34 31

|GCR-1541

| 0

| g64

| Commodore 64 1541 disk image (G64 format)

data-sort-value="a@0@3@2@4@1" |A0 33 44 A0 A0

|3D

| data-sort-value="399385" |0x61819

| d81

| Commodore 64 1581 disk image (D81 format)

data-sort-value="4@3@3@6@3@4" |43 36 34 20 74 61 70 65 20 69 6D 61 67 65 20 66 69 6C 65

|C64 tape image file

| 0

| t64

| Commodore 64 tape image

data-sort-value="4@3@3@6@3@4" |43 36 34 20 43 41 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 20 20 20

|C64 CARTRIDGE␠␠␠

| 0

| crt

| Commodore 64 cartridge image

data-sort-value="5@3@4@9" |53 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 20
3D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
20 20 20 20 20 54

|SIMPLE␠␠
=␠␠␠␠␠␠␠
␠␠␠␠␠␠␠␠
␠␠␠␠␠T

| 0

| fits

| Flexible Image Transport System (FITS){{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000317.shtml#sign |access-date=16 June 2021|date=2012-09-26 |title=Flexible Image Transport System (FITS), Version 3.0 - File type signifiers|website=Library of Congress}}

data-sort-value="6@6" |66 4C 61 43

|fLaC

| 0

| flac

| Free Lossless Audio Codec{{cite web|url=https://xiph.org/flac/format.html#stream|access-date=16 June 2021 |title=FLAC— format |author=Josh Coalson |quote="fLaC", the FLAC stream marker in ASCII, meaning byte 0 of the stream is 0x66, followed by 0x4C 0x61 0x43}}

data-sort-value="4D 5@46" |4D 54 68 64

|MThd

| 0

| mid
midi

| MIDI sound file{{cite web|url=https://filesignatures.net/index.php?search=mid&mode=EXT|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130801090244/http://filesignatures.net/index.php?search=mid&mode=EXT|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 1, 2013|title=File Signature Database: mid File Signatures|work=filesignatures.net}}

D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1

|ÐÏ␑ࡱ␚á

|0

| doc
xls
ppt
msi
msg

| Compound File Binary Format, a container format defined by Microsoft COM. It can contain the equivalent of files and directories. It is used by Windows Installer and for documents in older versions of Microsoft Office.{{cite web |url=http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/343d09e3-5fdf-4b4a-9fa6-8ccb37a35930/developing-a-tool-to-recognise-ms-office-file-types-doc-xls-mdb-ppt-?forum=os_binaryfile |title=Developing a tool to recognise MS Office file types ( .doc, .xls, .mdb, .ppt ) |work=social.msdn.microsoft.com |access-date=2014-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809205308/http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/343d09e3-5fdf-4b4a-9fa6-8ccb37a35930/developing-a-tool-to-recognise-ms-office-file-types-doc-xls-mdb-ppt-?forum=os_binaryfile |archive-date=2014-08-09}} It can be used by other programs as well that rely on the COM and OLE API's.

data-sort-value="6@4" |64 65 78 0A 30 33 35 00

|dex␊035␀

| 0

| dex

| Dalvik Executable

4B 44 4D

| KDM

| 0

| vmdk

| VMDK files{{cite web|url=https://www.vmware.com/support/ws55/doc/ws_learning_files_in_a_vm.html|title=What Files Make Up a Virtual Machine?|website=VMware}}{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/app/vmdk/?src=vmdk|title=VMware Virtual Disks Virtual Disk Format 1.1|website=VMware}}

23 20 44 69 73 6B 20 44 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 6F

| # Disk Descripto

| 0

| vmdk

| VMware 4 Virtual Disk description file (split disk)

data-sort-value="4@3@72" |43 72 32 34

|Cr24

| 0

| crx

| Google Chrome extension{{cite web|url=http://developer.chrome.com/extensions/crx.html|title=CRX Package Format |work=chrome.com}} or packaged app{{cite web|url=http://developer.chrome.com/apps/crx.html|title=CRX Package Format |work=chrome.com}}

data-sort-value="4@1@47" |41 47 44 33

|AGD3

| 0

| fh8

| FreeHand 8 document{{cite web|url=https://mail.python.org/pipermail/pythonmac-sig/2005-February/013028.html |title=[Pythonmac-SIG] Discovering file type |work=python.org|date=10 February 2005 }}{{cite web |url=https://groups.google.com/g/macromedia.freehand/c/g6bGwP-YYks/m/4m2Xfk--7VkJ |title=Re: What is the suffix for Freehand files?|first=Ken |last=Kehl|website=Google Groups}}

data-sort-value="0@507" |05 07 00 00 42 4F 42 4F
05 07 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 01

|␅␇␀␀BOBO
␅␇␀␀␀␀␀␀
␀␀␀␀␀␁

| 0

| cwk

| AppleWorks 5 document

data-sort-value="0@607" |06 07 E1 00 42 4F 42 4F
06 07 E1 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 01

|␆␇á␀BOBO
␆␇á␀␀␀␀␀
␀␀␀␀␀␁

| 0

| cwk

| AppleWorks 6 document

data-sort-value="4@5@52" |45 52 02 00 00 00

|ER␂␀␀␀

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |toast

| rowspan="2" |Roxio Toast disc image file

8B 45 52 02 00 00 00

|‹ER␂␀␀␀

data-sort-value="Z" |6B 6F 6C 79

|koly

| data-sort-value="4294966784" |end–512

| dmg

| Apple Disk Image file

data-sort-value="7@8@6" |78 61 72 21

|xar!

| 0

| xar

| eXtensible ARchive format{{cite web|url=https://code.google.com/p/xar/wiki/xarformat|title=xar - xarformat.wiki |work=code.google.com}}

data-sort-value="5@0@4D4F" |50 4D 4F 43 43 4D 4F 43

|PMOCCMOC

| 0

| dat

| Windows Files And Settings Transfer Repository{{cite web|url=http://www.howtogeek.com/79820/easily-restore-your-computer-with-file-and-settings-transfer-wizard-xp-part-1/ |title=Easily Restore Your Computer With File and Settings Transfer Wizard XP (Part 1) |work=howtogeek.com |date=27 August 2007}} See also USMT 3.0 (Win XP){{cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc722032%28v=ws.10%29.aspx |title=User State Migration Tool 3.0 |publisher=Microsoft |work=microsoft.com}} and USMT 4.0 (Win 7){{cite web |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd560801.aspx |title=User State Migration Tool 4.0 User's Guide |publisher=Microsoft |work=microsoft.com |date=29 June 2010 }} User Guides

4E 45 53 1A

|NES␚

| 0

| nes

| Nintendo Entertainment System ROM file{{cite web|url=http://sadistech.com/nesromtool/romdoc.html|title=NESRomTool::NES ROM Quickstart |work=sadistech.com}}

data-sort-value="O257" |75 73 74 61 72 00 30 30
75 73 74 61 72 20 20 00

|ustar␀00
ustar␠␠␀

|257

| tar

| tar archive{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_node/Standard.html|title=GNU tar 1.28: Basic Tar Format|work=gnu.org}}

4F 41 52 ??

|OAR?

| 0

| oar

| OAR file archive format, where ?? is the format version.

data-sort-value="7@4" |74 6F 78 33

|tox3

| 0

| tox

| Open source portable voxel file{{cite web|url=http://tox.land/uvox/man.html|title=UVOX Universal Voxel Translator - Man Page |work=tox.land |access-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508202038/http://tox.land/uvox/man.html|archive-date=2016-05-08}}

4D 4C 56 49

|MLVI

| 0

| MLV

| Magic Lantern Video file{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AgQ2MOkAZTFHdHJraTVTOEpmNEIwTVlKd0dHVi1ULUE#gid=0 |title=RAW Format v2.0 - Google Sheets|work=google.com}}

data-sort-value="4@4@43" |44 43 4D 01 50 41 33 30
50 41 33 30

|DCM␁PA30
PA30

|0

|

|Windows Update Binary Delta Compression file{{Cite web|url = http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1562 |title = Using Binary Delta Compression (BDC) Technology to Update Windows Operating Systems |date = 10 June 2005 |access-date = 15 March 2015|publisher = Microsoft}}

data-sort-value="3@7@7" |37 7A BC AF 27 1C

|7z¼¯'␜

| 0

| 7z

| 7-Zip File Format

1F 8B

|␟‹

| 0

| gz
tar.gz

| GZIP compressed file{{Cite IETF|rfc=1952|page=6|title=GZIP file format specification version 4.3|sectionname=Member header and trailer|date=May 1996|access-date=2018-10-29|last1=Deutsch|first1=L. Peter}}

FD 37 7A 58 5A 00

|ý7zXZ␀

| 0

| xz
tar.xz

| XZ compression utility
using LZMA2 compression

data-sort-value="0@4" |04 22 4D 18

|␄"M␘

| 0

| lz4

| LZ4 Frame Format{{cite web |url=https://github.com/lz4/lz4/blob/dev/doc/lz4_Frame_format.md|title=LZ4 Frame format|last=Collet|first=Yann|work=github.com|date=19 November 2021}}
Remark: LZ4 block format does not offer any magic bytes.{{cite web |url=https://github.com/lz4/lz4/blob/dev/doc/lz4_Block_format.md|title=LZ4 Block Format|first=Yann|author=Collet|work=github.com|date=19 November 2021}}

data-sort-value="4D 5@34" |4D 53 43 46

|MSCF

| 0

| cab

| Microsoft Cabinet file

data-sort-value="5@3@5AB" |53 5A 44 44 88 F0 27 33

|SZDDˆð'3

| 0

|??_

| Microsoft compressed file in Quantum format, used prior to Windows XP. File can be decompressed using Extract.exe or Expand.exe distributed with earlier versions of Windows. After compression, the last character of the original filename extension is replaced with an underscore, e.g. ‘Setup.exe’ becomes ‘Setup.ex_’.

data-sort-value="4@6@4C4" |46 4C 49 46

|FLIF

| 0

| flif

| Free Lossless Image Format

1A 45 DF A3

|␚Eߣ

| 0

| mkv
mka
mks
mk3d
webm

| Matroska media container, including WebM

data-sort-value="4D 4@9" |4D 49 4C 20

|MIL␠

| 0

| stg

| "SEAN : Session Analysis" Training file. Also used in compatible software "Rpw : Rowperfect for Windows" and "RP3W : ROWPERFECT3 for Windows".

data-sort-value="4@1@54" |41 54 26 54 46 4F 52 4D
?? ?? ?? ?? 44 4A 56

|AT&TFORM????DJV

| 0

| djvu
djv

| DjVu document
The following byte is either 55 (U) for single-page or 4D (M) for multi-page documents.

data-sort-value="3@0@8" |30 82

|0‚

|0

|der

|DER encoded X.509 certificate

data-sort-value="2@d@2@d" |2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 43 45 52 54 49 46 49 43 41 54 45 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D

|-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

|0

|crt
pem

|PEM encoded X.509 certificate

data-sort-value="2@d@2@d" |2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 43 45 52 54 49 46 49 43 41 54 45 20 52 45 51 55 45 53 54 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D

|-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

|0

|csr
pem

|PEM encoded X.509 Certificate Signing Request

data-sort-value="2@d@2@d" |2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D

|-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----

|0

|key
pem

|PEM encoded X.509 PKCS#8 private key

data-sort-value="2@d@2@d" |2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 44 53 41 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D

|-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----

|0

|key
pem

|PEM encoded X.509 PKCS#1 DSA private key

data-sort-value="2@d@2@d" |2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 52 45 41 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D

|-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

|0

|key
pem

|PEM encoded X.509 PKCS#1 RSA private key

data-sort-value="5@0@7" |50 75 54 54 59 2D 55 73 65 72 2D 4B 65 79 2D 46 69 6C 65 2D 32 3A

|PuTTY-User-Key-File-2:

|0

|ppk

|PuTTY private key file version 2

data-sort-value="5@0@7" |50 75 54 54 59 2D 55 73 65 72 2D 4B 65 79 2D 46 69 6C 65 2D 33 3A

|PuTTY-User-Key-File-3:

|0

|ppk

|PuTTY private key file version 3

2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 4F 50 45 4E 53 53 48 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D

|-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

| 0

|

| OpenSSH private key file

2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 53 53 48 32 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D

|-----BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY-----

| 0

| pub

| OpenSSH public key file

data-sort-value="O128" |44 49 43 4D

|DICM

|128

|dcm

|DICOM Medical File Format

data-sort-value="7@7@4" |77 4F 46 46

|wOFF

|0

|woff

|WOFF File Format 1.0{{cite web |title=WOFF 1 |url=https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-WOFF-20121213/ |website=w3.org |access-date=18 January 2024 |date=13 December 2012}}

data-sort-value="7@7@3" |77 4F 46 32

|wOF2

|0

|woff2

|WOFF File Format 2.0{{cite web |title=WOFF 2 |url=https://www.w3.org/TR/WOFF2/ |website=w3.org |access-date=18 January 2024 |date=13 December 2012}}

3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20

|

| rowspan="6" data-sort-value="1" |0
after BOM

|xml (UTF-8 or other 8-bit encodings)

| rowspan="6" |eXtensible Markup Language{{Cite web|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#sec-guessing-no-ext-info |title=Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)}}

3C 00 3F 00 78 00 6D 00
6C 00 20

|<␀?␀x␀m␀l␀␠␀

|xml (UTF-16LE)

00 3C 00 3F 00 78 00 6D
00 6C 00 20

|␀<␀?␀x␀m␀l␀␠

|xml (UTF-16BE)

3C 00 00 00 3F 00 00 00
78 00 00 00 6D 00 00 00
6C 00 00 00 20 00 00 00

|<␀␀␀?␀␀␀
x␀␀␀m␀␀␀
l␀␀␀␠␀␀␀

|xml (UTF-32LE)

00 00 00 3C 00 00 00 3F
00 00 00 78 00 00 00 6D
00 00 00 6C 00 00 00 20

|␀␀␀<␀␀␀?
␀␀␀x␀␀␀m
␀␀␀l␀␀␀␠

|xml (UTF-32BE)

4C 6F A7 94 93 40

|Lo§”“@

|xml (EBCDIC)

00 61 73 6D

|␀asm

|0

|wasm

|WebAssembly binary format{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/WebAssembly/design/blob/master/BinaryEncoding.md#high-level-structure |title=WebAssembly/design|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-11-01}}

CF 84 01

|Ï„␁

|0

|lep

|Lepton compressed JPEG image{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.dropbox.com/tech/2016/07/lepton-image-compression-saving-22-losslessly-from-images-at-15mbs/ |title=Lepton image compression: saving 22% losslessly from images at 15MB/s |website=Dropbox}}

data-sort-value="4@3@57" |43 57 53

|CWS

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |swf

| rowspan="2" |Adobe Flash .swf

data-sort-value="4@6@57" |46 57 53

|FWS

data-sort-value="2@1@3" |21 3C 61 72 63 68 3E 0A

|!␊

|0

|deb

|linux deb file

data-sort-value="5@2@4@9574@5" |52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ??
57 45 42 50

|RIFF????WEBP

|0

|webp

|Google WebP image file, where ?? ?? ?? ?? is the file size. More information on [https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/riff_container#webp_file_header WebP File Header]

data-sort-value="2@7" |27 05 19 56

|'␅␙V

|0

|

|U-Boot / uImage. Das U-Boot Universal Boot Loader.{{Cite web|url=http://buffalo.nas-central.org/wiki/How_to_Extract_an_uImage |title=How to Extract an uImage|access-date=2017-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225051131/http://buffalo.nas-central.org/wiki/How_to_Extract_an_uImage |archive-date=2017-02-25}}

7B 5C 72 74 66 31

|{\rtf1

|0

|rtf

|Rich Text Format

data-sort-value="5@4@4150" |54 41 50 45

|TAPE

|0

|

|Microsoft Tape Format

data-sort-value="4@7" |47

|G

| data-sort-value="2.0188" |0
0xBC
0x178
...
(every 188th byte)

|ts
tsv
tsa
mpg
mpeg

|MPEG Transport Stream (MPEG-2 Part 1){{cite web|url=https://tsduck.io/download/docs/mpegts-introduction.pdf|title=An introduction to MPEG-TS}}

00 00 01 BA

|␀␀␁º

|0

|m2p
vob
mpg
mpeg

|MPEG Program Stream (MPEG-1 Part 1 (essentially identical) and MPEG-2 Part 1)

00 00 01 B3

|␀␀␁³

|0

|mpg
mpeg

|MPEG-1 video and MPEG-2 video (MPEG-1 Part 2 and MPEG-2 Part 2)

data-sort-value="O4@6674797069736F6D" |66 74 79 70 69 73 6F 6D

|ftypisom

|4

|mp4

|ISO Base Media file (MPEG-4)

data-sort-value="O4@667479704D534E56" |66 74 79 70 4D 53 4E 56

|ftypMSNV

|4

|mp4

|MPEG-4 video file

data-sort-value="7@8@0" |78 01

|x␁

| rowspan="8" |0

| rowspan="8" |zlib

|No Compression (no preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="7@8@5E" |78 5E

|x^

|Best speed (no preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="7@8@9" |78 9C

|xœ

|Default Compression (no preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="7@8@D" |78 DA

|xÚ

|Best Compression (no preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="7@8@2" |78 20

|x␠

|No Compression (with preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="7@8@7" |78 7D

|x}

|Best speed (with preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="7@8@B" |78 BB

|x»

|Default Compression (with preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="7@8@F" |78 F9

|xù

|Best Compression (with preset dictionary)

data-sort-value="6@2@7" |62 76 78 32

|bvx2

|0

|lzfse

|LZFSE - Lempel-Ziv style data compression algorithm using Finite State Entropy coding. OSS by Apple.{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/lzfse/lzfse |title=lzfse/lzfse|website=GitHub|language=en|access-date=2018-10-16}}

4F 52 43

|ORC

|0

|orc

|Apache ORC (Optimized Row Columnar) file format

4F 62 6A 01

|Obj␁

|0

|avro

|Apache Avro binary file format

data-sort-value="5@3@4@5" |53 45 51 36

|SEQ6

|0

|rc

|RCFile columnar file format

data-sort-value="3@c@7@2" |3C 72 6F 62 6C 6F 78 21

|

|0

|rbxl

|Roblox place file {{Cite web |title=ROBLOX File Format |url=https://www.classy-studios.com/Downloads/RobloxFileSpec.pdf |access-date=5 September 2023 |website=www.classy-studios.com}}

data-sort-value="6@5" |65 87 78 56

|e‡xV

|0

|p25
obt

|PhotoCap Object Templates

data-sort-value="5@5" |55 55 AA AA

|UUªª

|0

|pcv

|PhotoCap Vector

data-sort-value="7@8@5@6" |78 56 34

|xV4

|0

|pbt
pdt
pea
peb
pet
pgt
pict
pjt
pkt
pmt

|PhotoCap Template

data-sort-value="5@0@4@1" |50 41 52 31

|PAR1

|0

|

|Apache Parquet columnar file format

data-sort-value="4@5@4D58" |45 4D 58 32

|EMX2

|0

|ez2

|Emulator Emaxsynth samples

data-sort-value="4@5@4D55" |45 4D 55 33

|EMU3

|0

|ez3
iso

|Emulator III synth samples

1B 4C 75 61

|␛Lua

|0

|luac

|Lua bytecode{{cite web |title=Lua 5.2 Bytecode and Virtual Machine |url=http://files.catwell.info/misc/mirror/lua-5.2-bytecode-vm-dirk-laurie/lua52vm.html |date=2013 |first=Dirk |last=Laurie}}

data-sort-value="6@2@6" |62 6F 6F 6B 00 00 00 00
6D 61 72 6B 00 00 00 00

|book␀␀␀␀mark␀␀␀␀

|0

|alias

|macOS file Alias{{Cite web|url=https://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X#Burn_Folder|title=Mac OS X - ForensicsWiki |website=www.forensicswiki.org |language=en|access-date=2018-09-22}} (Symbolic link)

5B 5A 6F 6E 65 54 72 61
6E 73 66 65 72 5D

|[ZoneTransfer]

|0

|Identifier

|Microsoft Zone Identifier for URL Security Zones{{cite web |title=About URL Security Zones (Windows) |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/ms537183(v=vs.60) |website=learn.microsoft.com |access-date=18 January 2024 |language=en-us |date=15 August 2017}}{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/libyal/libfsntfs/blob/master/documentation/New%20Technologies%20File%20System%20(NTFS).asciidoc |title=libyal/libfsntfs |website=GitHub|language=en|access-date=2018-09-22}}

data-sort-value="5@2@65" |52 65 63 65 69 76 65 64
3A

|Received:

|0

|eml

|Email Message var5{{citation needed|reason=file-extension.net is useless, it doesn't contain the info we need|date=May 2021}}

data-sort-value="2@0" |20 02 01 62 A0 1E AB 07
02 00 00 00

|␠␂␁b⍽␞«␇␂␀␀␀

|0

|tde

|Tableau Datasource

data-sort-value="3@7@4" |37 48 03 02 00 00 00 00
58 35 30 39 4B 45 59

|7H␃␂␀␀␀␀X509KEY

|0

|kdb

|KDB file

data-sort-value="8@5" |85 ?? ?? 03

|…??␃

|0

|pgp

|PGP file {{Cite web|url=https://security.stackexchange.com/a/144555/12109|title=gnupg - Is it a coincidence that the first 4 bytes of a PGP/GPG file are ellipsis, smile, female sign and a heart? - Information Security Stack Exchange)|website=security.stackexchange.com|access-date=2020-06-05}}

data-sort-value="2@8" |28 B5 2F FD

|(µ/ý

|0

|zst

|Zstandard compress{{cite IETF|rfc=8478|title=Zstandard Compression and the application/zstd Media Type |section=3.1.1 |sectionname=Zstandard Frames |date=October 2018|access-date=2018-10-29|last1=Collet|first1=Yann|last2=Kucherawy|first2=Murray |author2-link=Murray Kucherawy}}{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/facebook/zstd/issues/768|title=Magic numbering scheme (zstd project issue tracker) |website=GitHub|access-date=2018-10-29}}

data-sort-value="5@2@53" |52 53 56 4B 44 41 54 41

|RSVKDATA

|0

|rs

|QuickZip rs compressed archive{{Cite web|url=https://filext.com/file-extension/RS|title=RS File Extension|website=filext.com|access-date=2020-09-18}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.quickzip.org/help/|title=Quickzip.org (WebArchive)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403233040/http://www.quickzip.org/help/|access-date=2020-09-18|archive-date=2005-04-03}}

3A 29 0A

|:)␊

|0

|sml

|Smile file

4A 6F 79 21

|Joy!

|0

|

|Preferred Executable Format

data-sort-value="3@4" |34 12 AA 55

|4␒ªU

|0

|vpk

|VPK file, used to store game data for some Source Engine games

2A 2A 41 43 45 2A 2A

|**ACE**

|7

|ace

|ACE (compressed file format){{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

data-sort-value="6@0" |60 EA

|`ê

|0

|arj

|ARJ

data-sort-value="4@9@5@3" |49 53 63 28

|ISc(

|0

|cab

|InstallShield CAB Archive File

4B 57 41 4A

|KWAJ

|0

|??_

|Windows 3.1x Compressed File

data-sort-value="5@3@5A" |53 5A 44 44

|SZDD

|0

|??_

|Windows 9x Compressed File

5A 4F 4F

|ZOO

|0

|zoo

|Zoo (file format)

data-sort-value="5@0@3@1" |50 31 0A

|P1␊

|0

|pbm

|Portable bitmap ASCII

data-sort-value="5@0@3@1" |50 34 0A

|P4␊

|0

|pbm

|Portable bitmap binary

data-sort-value="5@0@3@2" |50 32 0A

|P2␊

|0

|pgm

|Portable Gray Map ASCII

data-sort-value="5@0@3@2" |50 35 0A

|P5␊

|0

|pgm

|Portable Gray Map binary

data-sort-value="5@0@3@3" |50 33 0A

|P3␊

|0

|ppm

|Portable Pixmap ASCII

data-sort-value="5@0@3@3" |50 36 0A

|P6␊

|0

|ppm

|Portable Pixmap binary

D7 CD C6 9A

|×ÍÆš

|0

|wmf

|Windows Metafile

data-sort-value="6@7" |67 69 6D 70 20 78 63 66

|gimp xcf

|0

|xcf

|XCF (file format)

2F 2A 20 58 50 4D 20 2A
2F

|/* XPM */

|0

|xpm

|X PixMap

data-sort-value="4@1@46" |41 46 46

|AFF

|0

|aff

|Advanced Forensics Format

data-sort-value="4@5@56B" |45 56 46 32

|EVF2

|0

|Ex01

|EnCase EWF version 2 format

data-sort-value="4@5@56" |45 56 46

|EVF

|0

|e01

|EnCase EWF version 1 format

data-sort-value="5@1" |51 46 49

|QFI

|0

|qcow

|qcow file format

data-sort-value="5@2@4@9414" |52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ??
41 43 4F 4E

|RIFF????ACON

|0

|ani

|Animated cursor

data-sort-value="5@2@4@9434" |52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ??
43 44 44 41

|RIFF????CDDA

|0

|cda

|.cda file

data-sort-value="5@2@4@9514" |52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ??
51 4C 43 4D

|RIFF????QLCM

|0

|qcp

|Qualcomm PureVoice file format

data-sort-value="5@2@4@X4@6" |52 49 46 58 ?? ?? ?? ??
46 47 44 4D (big-endian)

|RIFX????FGDM

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |dcr

| rowspan="2" |Adobe Shockwave{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/reverseshockwave/home/dcr-format|title = DCR format - reverseShockwave}}{{cite web |url=http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Shockwave_(Director) |title=Shockwave (Director) |website=fileformats.archiveteam.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211184445/http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Shockwave_(Director) |archive-date=11 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1pc-f2b4uB0qTFsvQ9XayQt3NYd6ARClPSS8ikOLtzbU/htmlpresent|title = Projector EXE to Shockwave DCR}}

data-sort-value="5@844" |58 46 49 52 ?? ?? ?? ??
4D 44 47 46 (little-endian)

|XFIR????MDGF

data-sort-value="5@2@4@X4D" |52 49 46 58 ?? ?? ?? ??
4D 56 39 33 (big-endian)

|RIFX????MV93

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |dir
dxr
drx

| rowspan="2" |Macromedia Director file format{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/reverseshockwave/home/dir-format|title = Dir format - reverseShockwave}}

data-sort-value="5@843" |58 46 49 52 ?? ?? ?? ??
33 39 56 4D (little-endian)

|XFIR????39VM

data-sort-value="4@6@4C5" |46 4C 56

|FLV

|0

|flv

|Flash Video file

3C 3C 3C 20 4F 72 61 63
6C 65 20 56 4D 20 56 69
72 74 75 61 6C 42 6F 78
20 44 69 73 6B 20 49 6D
61 67 65 20 3E 3E 3E

|<<< Orac
le VM Vi
rtualBox
Disk Im
age >>>

|0

|vdi

|VirtualBox Virtual Hard Disk file format

data-sort-value="6@3" |63 6F 6E 65 63 74 69 78

|conectix

|0

|vhd

|Windows Virtual PC Virtual Hard Disk file format{{cite web |url=https://download.microsoft.com/download/f/f/e/ffef50a5-07dd-4cf8-aaa3-442c0673a029/Virtual%20Hard%20Disk%20Format%20Spec_10_18_06.doc|title=Virtual Hard Disk Image Format Specification}}

data-sort-value="7@6@6" |76 68 64 78 66 69 6C 65

|vhdxfile

|0

|vhdx

|Windows Virtual PC Windows 8 Virtual Hard Disk file format

data-sort-value="4@9@7" |49 73 5A 21

|IsZ!

|0

|isz

|Compressed ISO image

data-sort-value="4@4@41" |44 41 41

|DAA

|0

|daa

|Direct Access Archive PowerISO

data-sort-value="4C 6@6" |4C 66 4C 65

|LfLe

|0

|evt

|Windows Event Viewer file format

data-sort-value="45 6C 66 46 69 6C 65" |45 6C 66 46 69 6C 65

|ElfFile

|0

|evtx

|Windows Event Viewer XML file format

data-sort-value="7@3@6@4@6@2@6@6" |73 64 62 66

|sdbf

|8

|sdb

|Windows customized database

data-sort-value="5@0@4D4@3" |50 4D 43 43

|PMCC

|0

|grp

|Windows 3.x Program Manager Program Group file format

4B 43 4D 53

|KCMS

|0

|icm

|ICC profile

data-sort-value="7@2" |72 65 67 66

|regf

|0

|dat
hiv

|Windows Registry file

data-sort-value="2@1@4" |21 42 44 4E

|!BDN

|0

|pst

|Microsoft Outlook Personal Storage Table file

data-sort-value="4@4@52" |44 52 41 43 4F

|DRACO

|0

|drc

|3D model compressed with Google Draco{{Cite web|title=Draco Bitstream Specification|url=https://google.github.io/draco/spec/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118162812/https://google.github.io/draco/spec/|archive-date=2021-01-18|access-date=2021-01-18|website=google.github.io}}

data-sort-value="4@7@52" |47 52 49 42

|GRIB

|0

|grib
grib2

| Gridded data (commonly weather observations or forecasts) in the WMO GRIB or GRIB2 format{{Cite web |url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WDM/Guides/Guide-binary-2.html |title=A GUIDE TO THE CODE FORM FM 92-IX Ext. GRIB |access-date=2021-05-02 |archive-date=2021-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502163758/https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WDM/Guides/Guide-binary-2.html |url-status=dead }}

data-sort-value="4@2@4C" |42 4C 45 4E 44 45 52

|BLENDER

|0

|blend

|Blender File Format{{Cite web|date=2015-04-18|title=The mystery of the blend |url=http://www.atmind.nl/blender/mystery_ot_blend.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418144220/http://www.atmind.nl/blender/mystery_ot_blend.html |url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-18 |access-date=2021-05-07}}

00 00 00 0C 4A 58 4C 20 0D 0A 87 0A

|␀␀␀␌JXL␠␍␊‡␊

| rowspan="2" |0

| rowspan="2" |jxl

| rowspan="2" |Image encoded in the JPEG XL format{{cite web |url=https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/blob/c98f133f3f5e456caaa2ba00bc920e923b713abc/lib/jxl/decode.cc#L107-L138 |title=GitHub - JPEG/JPEG XL Reference Software |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=github.com}}

FF 0A

|ÿ␊

00 01 00 00 00

|␀␁␀␀␀

|0

|ttf
tte
dfont

|TrueType font

4F 54 54 4F

|OTTO

|0

|otf

|OpenType font{{Cite web |title=The OpenType Font File |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/otff |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=docs.microsoft.com|date=9 December 2021 }}

data-sort-value="2@3@25" |23 25 4D 6F 64 75 6C 65

|#%Module

|0

|

|Modulefile for Environment Modules{{cite web |url=https://modules.readthedocs.io/en/latest/modulefile.html |title=Environment Modules Documentation: modulefile|access-date=2021-08-19}}

data-sort-value="4D 5@35" |4D 53 57 49 4D 00 00 00
D0 00 00 00 00

|MSWIM␀␀␀Ð␀␀␀␀

|0

|wim
swm
esd

|Windows Imaging Format file

21 2D 31 53 4C 4F 42 1F

|!-1SLOB␟

| 0

| slob

| Slob (sorted list of Object storages) is a read-only, compressed data store with dictionary-like interface[https://github.com/itkach/slob GitHub - itkach/slob: Data store for Aard 2]

AC ED

|’

|0

|

|Serialized Java Data{{cite web | url=https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/platform/serialization/spec/protocol.html | title=Java Object Serialization Specification: 6 - Object Serialization Stream Protocol }}

43 72 65 61 74 69 76 65 20 56 6F 69 63 65 20 46 69 6C 65 1A 1A 00

| Creative Voice File

| 0

| voc

| Creative Voice file

2E 73 6E 64

| .snd

| 0

| au
snd

| Au audio file format

DB 0A CE 00

|

|0

|

|OpenGL Iris Perfomer .PFB (Performer Fast Binary){{cite web | url=https://github.com/j3k0/OpenPFB/blob/40d3bb13f672f50beca921aea581684d218fd989/OpenPfb.h#L370 | title=J3k0/OpenPFB | website=GitHub | date=25 June 2022 }}

48 5a 4c 52 00 00 00 18

| HZLR

| 0

| hazelrules

| Noodlesoft Hazel {{Cite web |title=Noodlesoft – Noodlesoft – Simply Useful Software |url=https://www.noodlesoft.com/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=www.noodlesoft.com}}

46 4C 68 64

| FLhd

| 0

| flp

| FL Studio Project File

31 30 4C 46

| 10LF

| 0

| flm

| FL Studio Mobile Project File

52 4b 4d 43 32 31 30

| RKMC210

| 0

|

| Vormetric Encryption DPM Version 2.1 Header{{Cite web |last=IBM |title=Thales Vormetric Data Security Platform |website=IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/system/files/inline-files/$FILE/VDS_6.2.0_VAE_Install_API_Guide.pdf }}

00 01 00 00 4D 53 49 53 41 4D 20 44 61 74 61 62 61 73 65

| ␀␁␀␀MSISAM Database

| 0

| mny

| Microsoft Money file

00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 20 41 43 45 20 44 42

| ␀␁␀␀Standard ACE DB

| 0

| accdb

| Microsoft Access 2007 Database

00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 20 4A 65 74 20 44 42

| ␀␁␀␀Standard Jet DB

| 0

| mdb

| Microsoft Access Database

01 FF 02 04 03 02

| ␁ÿ␂␄␃␂

| 0

| drw

| Micrografx vector graphic file

02 64 73 73

| ␂dss

| 0

| dss

| Digital Speech Standard (Olympus, Grundig, & Phillips) v2

03 64 73 73

| ␃dss

| 0

| dss

| Digital Speech Standard (Olympus, Grundig, & Phillips) v3

03 00 00 00 41 50 50 52

| ␃␀␀␀APPR

| 0

| adx

| Approach index file

06 06 ED F5 D8 1D 46 E5 BD 31 EF E7 FE 74 B7 1D

| ␆␆íõØ␝Få½1ïçþt·␝

| 0

| indd

| Adobe InDesign document

06 0E 2B 34 02 05 01 01 0D 01 02 01 01 02

| ␆␎+4␂␅␁␁␍␁␂␁␁␂

| 0-65535 (run-in)

| mxf

| Material Exchange Format file

07 53 4B 46

| ␇SKF

| 0

| skf

| SkinCrafter skin file

07 64 74 32 64 64 74 64

| ␇dt2ddtd

| 0

| dtd

| DesignTools 2D Design file

0A 16 6F 72 67 2E 62 69 74 63 6F 69 6E 2E 70 72

| ␊␖org.bitcoin.pr

| 0

| wallet

| MultiBit Bitcoin wallet file

0D 44 4F 43

| ␍DOC

| 0

| doc

| DeskMate Document file

0E 4E 65 72 6F 49 53 4F

| ␎NeroISO

| 0

| nri

| Nero CD Compilation

0E 57 4B 53

| ␎WKS

| 0

| wks

| DeskMate Worksheet

0F 53 49 42 45 4C 49 55 53

| ␏SIBELIUS

| 0

| sib

| Sibelius Music - Score file

23 20 4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66 74 20 44 65 76 65 6C 6F 70 65 72 20 53 74 75 64 69 6F

| # Microsoft Developer Studio

| 0

| dsp

| Microsoft Developer Studio project file

23 21 41 4D 52

| #!AMR

| 0

| amr

| Adaptive Multi-Rate ACELP (Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction) Codec, commonly audio format with GSM cell phones.

23 21 53 49 4C 4B 0A

| #!SILK␊

| 0

| sil

| Audio compression format developed by Skype

23 3F 52 41 44 49 41 4E 43 45 0A

| #?RADIANCE␊

| 0

| hdr

| Radiance High Dynamic Range image file

23 40 7E 5E

| #@~^

| 0

| vbe

| VBScript Encoded script

0D F0 1D C0

| ␍ð�À

| 0

| cdb

| MikroTik WinBox Connection Database (Address Book)

23 45 58 54 4D 33 55

| #EXTM3U

| 0

| m3u

m3u8

| Multimedia playlist

6D 64 66 00

|mdf␀

|0

|m

|M2 Archive, used by game developer M2

4B 50 4B 41

|KPKA

|0

|pak

|Capcom RE Engine game data archives

41 52 43

|ARC

|0

|arc

|Capcom MT Framework game data archives

41 72 43

|ArC

|0

|arc
cdx

|FreeArc file

D0 4F 50 53

|ÐOPS

|0

|pl

|Interleaf PrinterLeaf / WorldView document format (now Broadvision QuickSilver)

6E 2B 31 00

|n+1

|344

|nii

|Single file NIfTI format, used extensively in biomedical imaging.

6E 69 31 00

|ni1

|344

|hdr

|Header file of a .hdr/.img pair in NIfTI format, used extensively in biomedical imaging.

52 41 46 36 34

|RAF64

|0

|

|Report Builder file from [https://www.digital-metaphors.com/ Digital Metaphors]

56 49 53 33

|VIS3

|0

|

|Resource file [https://www.visionaire-studio.net/ Visionaire 3.x Engine]

4D 53 48 7C
42 53 48 7C

| BSH |MSH|
BSH|

|0

|hl7

|Health Level Seven (HL7) Standard for electronic data exchange [https://www.hl7.eu/HL7v2x/v25/std25/hl7.html]

70 77 72 64 61 74 61

|pwrdata

|0

|pwrdata

|SAP [https://github.com/SAP/power-monitoring-tool-for-macos Power Monitor] (version 1.1.0 and higher) data file

1a 08

|..

|0

|arc

|ARC archive file

2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 42 45 47 49 4e 20 50 47 50 20 50 55 42 4c 49 43 20 4b 45 49 20 42 4c 4f 43 4b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d

|-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

|0

|asc

|Armored PGP public key

3a 42 61 73 65 20

|:Base

|0

|cnt

|Windows 3.x - Windows 95 Help Contents

52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 56 44 52 4d

|RIFF????VDRM

|0

|vdr

|VirtualDub

52 59 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 54 52 49 44

|RIFF????TRID

|0

|trd

|TrID

52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 77 34

|RIFF????shw4

|0

|shw

|Corel SHOW! 4.0

52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 77 35

|RIFF????shw5

|0

|shw

|Corel SHOW! 5.0

52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 72 35

|RIFF????shr5

|0

|shr

|Corel SHOW! 5.0 player

52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 62 35

|RIFF????shb5

|0

|shb

|Corel SHOW! 5.0 background

52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 52 4d 4d 50

|RIFF????RMMP

|0

|mmm

|MacroMind Multimedia Movie or Microsoft Multimedia Movie

41 53 54 4d 2d 45 35 37

|ASTM-E57

|0

|e57

|ASTM E57 3D file format

aa aa aa aa

|ªªªª

|0

|sys

|Crowdstrike Channel File

8C 0A 00

|Œ..

|0

|ucas

|Unreal Engine Compressed Asset Storage file

2D 3D 3D 2D 2D 3D 3D 2D 2D 3D 3D 2D 2D 3D 3D 2D

|-==--==--==--==-

|0

|utoc

|Unreal Engine Table of Contents file

43 36 34 46 69 6C 65 00

|C64File

|0

|P00 (P01, P02,...)

|Commodore 64 binary file (source:

[https://www.salto.at/Power64/Documentation/Power64-Leggimi/AE-Formati_File.html#Section%20E.1 *.P00 format for Power64 emulator])

44 55 43 4B

|DUCK

|8

|

|DuckDB database file (source:

[https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb/blob/main/src/include/duckdb/storage/storage_info.hpp#L69 Source code])

See also

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web |author-first1=John C. |author-last1=Elliott |author-first2=Jim |author-last2=Lopushinsky |date=2002 |orig-year=1998-04-11 |title=CP/M 3.0 COM file header |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Cpm/rsxrec.html |access-date=2016-08-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830194033/http://www.seasip.info/Cpm/rsxrec.html |archive-date=2016-08-30}}

}}

External links

  • [http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html Gary Kessler's list of file signatures]
  • [http://www.filesig.co.uk/ofsdb.html Online File Signature Database for Forensic Practitioners, a private compilation free to Law Enforcement]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502014229/http://docsrv.sco.com:507/en/man/html.C/compress.C.html Man page for compress, uncompress, and zcat on SCO Open Server]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120621000045/http://www.filesignatures.net/ Public Database of File Signatures]
  • [http://asecuritysite.com/forensics/magic Complete list of magic numbers with sample files]
  • [https://github.com/file/file/tree/master/magic/Magdir the original libmagic data files with thousands of entries] as used by file (command)

{{Computer files}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:File signatures}}

*

Category:Computing-related lists