List of monarchs of Georgia
{{short description|Rulers of Georgia from 299 BC to 1800 AD}}
{{redirect2|Queen of Georgia|King of Georgia|consorts of Georgia|List of Georgian royal consorts}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
| royal_title= King
| realm=Georgia
| coatofarms= Bagrationi dynasty Coat of Arms.png
| coatofarmssize= 140px
| coatofarmscaption= Coat of arms of the Bagrationi dynasty
| image= George XII of Georgia.jpg
| caption= Portrait of King George XII, last Georgian monarch
| first_monarch= Pharnavaz I
| last_monarch= George XII
| style=
| residence= Armazi
Mtskheta
Artanuji (now in Turkey)
Kutaisi
Tbilisi
Gremi
Telavi
| appointer=
| began= 299 BC
| ended= 1800 AD
| pretender= David Bagration-Mukhranski{{cite web |title=Head of The Royal House of Georgia |url=http://www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge/p/eng/438/head-of-the-royal-house-of-georgia |website=royalhouseofgeorgia.ge |publisher=The Royal House of Georgia |access-date=27 September 2023}}
Ana Bagrationi-Gruzinski{{cite web |title=The Legal Heir to the Royal Throne of the Georgian Bagrationi Dynasty |url=https://theroyalhouseofgeorgia.org/documents_of_the_Royal_House.html |website=theroyalhouseofgeorgia.org |publisher=The Royal House of Georgia |access-date=27 September 2023}}{{Cite web |title=გარდაიცვალა რეჟისორი და მსახიობი ნუგზარ ბაგრატიონ-გრუზინსკი |url=https://1tv.ge/news/gardaicvala-redjisori-da-msakhiobi-nugzar-bagrationi-gruzinski/ |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Georgian Public Broadcaster |language=ka-GE}}{{Cite web |title=ნუგზარ ბაგრატიონ-გრუზინსკი (1950-2025) |url=http://www.nplg.gov.ge/bios/en/00004029/ |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=National Parliamentary Library of Georgia; Biographical dictionary}}
}}
This is a list of kings and queens regnant of the kingdoms of Georgia before Russian annexation in 1801–1810.
For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.
Kings of Iberia
class="wikitable" style="width:1200" |
width="180"|Name
!width="100"|Portrait !width="560"|Notes |
---|
{{Center|Azo of Iberia აზო}} | align="center" | |{{Center|330 – 299 BC}} |Might have been installed as king by Alexander the Great, defeated and deposed by Pharnavaz I. |
{{center|Pharnavaz I ფარნავაზი}} |align="center"| 100 px |{{center|299 – 234 BC}} |King of Iberia. |
{{center|Sauromaces I საურმაგ I}} |align="center"| |{{center|234 – 159 BC}} |King of Iberia. Son of Pharnavaz. |
{{center|Mirian I მირიან I}} |align="center"| |{{center|159 – 109 BC}} |King of Iberia. Son-in-law and adopted son of Sauromaces I. |
{{center|Pharnajom ფარნაჯომი}} |align="center"| |{{center|109 – 90 BC}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mirian I. |
{{center|Artaxias I არშაკ I}} |align="center"| |{{center|90 – 78 BC}} |King of Iberia. Husband of Pharnajom's sister. |
{{center|Artoces არტაგი}} |align="center"| |{{center|78 – 63 BC}} |King of Iberia. Son of Artaxias I. |
{{center|Pharnavaz II ფარნავაზ II}} |align="center"| |{{center|63 – 30 BC}} |King of Iberia. Son of Artoces. |
{{center|Mirian II მირიან II}} |align="center"| |{{center|30 – 20 BC}} |King of Iberia. Son of Pharnajom. |
{{center|Arshak II არშაკ II}} |align="center"| |{{center|20 BC – 1 AD}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mirian II. |
{{center|Pharasmanes I the Great ფარსმან I დიდი}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|1 – 58}} |King of Iberia. Grandson of Pharnavaz II. |
{{center|Mihrdat I მირდატ I}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|58 – 106}} |King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes I. |
{{center|Amazasp I ამაზასპი}} |align="center"| |{{center|106 – 116}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat I. |
{{center|Pharasmanes II the Valiant ფარსმან II ქველი}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|116 – 132}} |King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp I. |
{{center|Ghadam ღადამი}} |align="center"| |{{center|132 – 135}} |King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes II. |
{{center|Pharasmanes III ფარსმან III}} |align="center"| |{{center|135 – 185}} |King of Iberia. Son of Ghadam. |
{{center|Amazasp II ამაზასპ II}} |align="center"| |{{center|185 – 189}} |King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes III. |
{{center|Rev I the Just რევ I მართალი}} |align="center"| |{{center|189 – 216}} |King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp II's sister. |
{{center|Vache ვაჩე}} |align="center"| |{{center|216 – 234}} |King of Iberia. Son of Rev I. |
{{center|Bacurius I ბაკურ I}} |align="center"| |{{center|234 – 249}} |King of Iberia. Son of Vache. |
{{center|Mihrdat II მირდატ II}} |align="center"| |{{center|249 – 265}} |King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius I. |
{{center|Amazasp III ამაზასპ III}} |align="center"| |{{center|260 – 265}} |Anti-king of Iberia. |
{{center|Aspacures I ასფაგურ I}} |align="center"| |{{center|265 – 284}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat II. |
{{center|Mirian III მირიან III}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|284 – 361}} | rowspan="2"|King of Iberia. Husband of Aspacures I's daughter. The 1st Georgian king who adopted Christianity and introduced it as a state religion during his reign. |
{{center|Rev II რევ II}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|345 – 361}} |
{{center|Sauromaces II საურმაგ II}} |align="center"| |{{center|361 – 363}} |King of Iberia. Son of Rev II. |
{{center|Aspacures II ასფაგურ II}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|363 – 365}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mirian III. |
{{center|Mihrdat III მირდატ III}} |align="center"| |{{center|365 – 380, |King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures II. |
{{center|Aspacures III ასფაგურ III}} |align="center"| |{{center|380 – 394}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat III. |
{{center|Trdat თრდატი}} |align="center"| |{{center|394 – 406}} |King of Iberia. Son of Rev II. |
{{center|Pharasmanes IV ფარსმან IV}} |align="center"| |{{center|406 – 409}} |King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III. |
{{center|Mihrdat IV მირდატ IV}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|409 – 411}} |King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III. |
{{center|Archil არჩილი}} |align="center"| |{{center|411 – 435}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat IV. |
{{center|Mihrdat V მირდატ V}} |align="center"| |{{center|435 – 447}} |King of Iberia. Son of Archil. |
{{center|Vakhtang I Gorgasali ვახტანგ I გორგასალი}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|447 – 522}} |King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat V. |
{{center|Dachi დაჩი}} |align="center"| |{{center|522 – 534}} |King of Iberia. Son of Vakhtang I. |
{{center|Bacurius II ბაკურ II}} |align="center"| |{{center|534 – 547}} |King of Iberia. Son of Dachi. |
{{center|Pharasmanes V ფარსმან V}} |align="center"|100px |{{center|547 – 561}} |King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius II. |
{{center|Pharasmanes VI ფარსმან VI}} |align="center"| |{{center|561 – ?}} |King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes V's brother. |
{{center|Bacurius III ბაკურ III}} |align="center"| |{{center|? – 580}} |The last king of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes VI. Kingship was abolished by Hormizd IV. |
Presiding princes of Iberia
class="wikitable"
!Ruler!!Portrait!!Reign!!Family!!Overlord!!Notes | |||||
style="background:#fff;" | Guaram I
| | 588-590 | Guaramid
|rowspan="2" style="background:#cccc;"| | ||
style="background:#fff;" | 590-627 | Guaramid | |||
style="background:#fff;" | Adarnase I | 100px | 627 – 642 | Chosroid
|style="background:#cccc;"|(Byzantine Empire)
| |
style="background:#fff;"
| | 642-650 | Chosroid
|style="background:#cccc;" rowspan=6|
| |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 650-684 | Chosroid | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 684-693 | Guaramid | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 693-748 | Guaramid | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 748-760 | Nersianid | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 760-772 | Nersianid | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#cccc;" |Vacancy: 772-775 | *al-Mansur (772-775) | ||||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 775-780 | Nersianid
|style="background:#cccc;" rowspan=2| | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 780-786 | Guaramid | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#cccc;" |Vacancy: 786-813 | *Harun al-Rashid (786-809)
| ||||
style="background:#fff;" | 813-830 | Bagrationi
|style="background:#cccc;" rowspan=4|(Byzantine Empire)
| |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 830-876 | Bagrationi | |||
style="background:#fff;"
| | 876-881 | Bagrationi | |||
Gurgen I
| | 881-888 | Bagrationi |
Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty
=[[Bagrationi dynasty]]=
==Partitions of Georgia under Bagrationi rule==
align="center" style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"
|+ |
colspan=1 style="background: #eee;" | Guaramid Principality of Iberia (780-786) Direct rule of Iberia by the Abbasid Caliphate (786-813) | colspan=3 rowspan=2 style="background: #def;" | Duchy of Tao-Klarjeti |
colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #fff;" | Principality of Iberia (813-888) |
colspan=1 style="background: #fca;" | Duchy of Javakheti (830-882) | colspan=2 style="background: #def;" |Duchy of Tao |
colspan=2 style="background: #fff;" |Raised to: Kingdom of Iberia (888-1008) | colspan=1 style="background: #fed;" | Duchy | colspan=1 style="background: #def;" | |
colspan=3 style="background: #fff;" |
| colspan=1 style="background: #eee;" | Annexed to the |
colspan=4 style="background: #fff;" | Renamed Kingdom of Georgia{{efn|Alternatively Kingdom of Kartli or Kingdom of the Kartvels.}} (1008-1259) |
colspan=2 style="background: #ceb;" | Kingdom of Western Georgia (1259-1330) | colspan=2 style="background: #fde;" | Kingdom of |
colspan=4 style="background: #fff;" | |
colspan=3 style="background: #fff;" |Kingdom of Georgia (1330-1490){{efn|With brief re-divisions in Western and Eastern parts between 1387-1392 and 1396-1412. In 1412 Western Georgia accepted suzerainty from the Eastern part, and was demoted to Duchy of Imereti.}} | colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #dce;" | Kingdom |
colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="background: #ceb;" | Kingdom of Imereti (1490-1810) | colspan=1 style="background: #fde;" | Kingdom |
colspan=2 style="background: #dce;" | Kingdom of Kakheti-Kartli (1746-1800) |
colspan=4 style="background: #eee;" | Annexed to the Russian Empire |
==Table of rulers==
class="wikitable sticky-header"
! colspan=2 | Ruler{{Efn|For the titles used, see Style of the Georgian sovereign.}}!!Born!!Reign!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Death!!Notes | ||
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Adarnase I | |align="center"| c.740? Son of {{ill|Vasak Bagratuni|fr|Vasak Bagratouni|lt=Vasak Bagratuni}} |align="center"| 780 – 807 |align="center"| Duchy of Tao |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 807 | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center" |Ashot I the Great | 100px
|align="center" | c.770 |align="center" | 786 – 830 |align="center"| Duchy of Tao |align="center" | Unknown |align="center" | c.830 | First of the Bagratid family to be Prince of Iberia, in 813. From his base in Tayk/Tao, he fought to enlarge the Bagratid territories and sought the Byzantine protectorate against the Arab encroachment. A patron of Christian culture and a friend of the church, he has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church. |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Bagrat I | |align="center"| 822 Son of Ashot I |align="center"| 830 – 876 |align="center"| Duchy of Lower Tao |align="center"| Unknown (of Armenia) |align="center"| 876 |rowspan="3"| Children of Ashot, divided their patrimony. Bagrat was also Presiding Prince of Iberia, under Byzantine influence. Bagrat found himself in a constant struggle with the Arabs, the Abkhazians and the Kakhetians over the possession of central Iberia. Guaram left his property to his family, disregarding his own son. | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Adarnase II | |align="center"| c.825 Son of Ashot I |align="center"| 830 – 867 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Bevreli of Abkhazia |align="center"| 867 | |
style="background:#fca;"
|align="center"|Guaram | |align="center"| c.825 Son of Ashot I |align="center"| 830 – 882 |align="center"| Duchy of Javakheti |align="center"| Unknown (of Armenia) |align="center"| 882 | |
style="background:#fca;"
|align=center colspan=8| Javakheti divided between both parts of Tao | ||
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Gurgen I | |align="center"| c.850 First son of Adarnase II and Bevreli of Abkhazia |align="center"| 867 – 891 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center" | Unknown (of Armenia) |align="center"| 891 |rowspan="2"|Children of Adarnase II, divided their inheritance. Gurgen joined prince Adarnase and king Ashot I of Armenia against prince Nasra of Javakheti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. Adarnase claimed a royal status since then, and Gurgen retained his patrimony. As for Sumbat, he ruled in Klarjeti with the title of mampali. | |
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|Sumbat I | |align="center"| c.850 Second son of Adarnase II of Tao-Klarjeti and Bevreli of Abkhazia |align="center"| 876 – 889 |align="center"| Principality of Klarjeti |align="center"| Khosrovanush |align="center"| 889 | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|David I | |align="center"| c.850 Son of Bagrat I |align="center"| 876 – 881 |align="center"| Duchy of Lower Tao |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 881 | |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Adarnase IV{{Efn|Numbered IV, as he was the fourth ruler of Iberia of that name, after Adarnase III of Iberia, of the Nersianid dynasty}} | |align="center"| c.850 Son of David I |align="center"| 881 – 923{{Efn|From here continues the line of presiding princes of Iberia, now as kings of Iberia.}} |align="center"| Kingdom of Iberia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 923 | Adarnase, his cousin prince Gurgen of Iberia and king Ashot I of Armenia fought against prince Nasra of Tao-Klarjeti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. The victory allowed the latter to claim a royal status for himself. Adarnase was, then, responsible for the restoration of the Iberian kingship, merging the principality of Iberia with his duchy of Lower Tao. The kingdom had been in abeyance since it had been abolished by Sasanian Empire in the 6th century. |
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|David I the Great | |align="center" | c.875 Son of Sumbat I |align="center"| 889 – 23 February 943 |align="center" rowspan=2| Duchy of Klarjeti |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 23 February 943 |rowspan="2"|Children of Sumbat I, ruled jointly. | |
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|Bagrat I | |align="center"| c.875 Son of Sumbat I |align="center"| 889 – 20 April 900 |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 20 April 900 | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Adarnase III | |align="center"| c.875 First son of Gurgen I |align="center"| 891 – 896 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 896 | |
style="background:#def;"
|colspan=7 align=center|Regency of Duke Ashot of Upper Tao (აშოტ კუხი) (896-908) |rowspan=2|Died young. Left no descendants, and was succeeded by his uncle. | ||
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|{{ill|David, Duke of Upper Tao|fr|David (fils d'Adarnassé VII Bagration)|lt=David}} | |align="center"| c.890 First son of Adarnase III |align="center"| 896 – 908 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 908 | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Ashot I (II) the Immature{{Efn|Usually counted as I, but he was the second Ashot ruling in Tao, after Ashot the Great.}} | 100px
|align="center"| c.875 |align="center"| 908 – 918 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 918 | Previous regent, later assumed the throne. |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Gurgen II the Great | |align="center"| c.890 Second son of Adarnase III |align="center"| 918 – 14 February 941 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Unknown (of Klarjeti) |align="center"| 14 February 941 | A patron of local monastic communities, Gurgen presided over the construction of a new cathedral at Khandzta. Gurgen was an energetic ruler and accumulated in his hands much power, ruling over Tao, parts of Klarjeti and Javakheti, and also Adjara and Nigali. The expansion of his territories was at the expense of his cousins and neighbours. However, left no male children and his lands went to his cousins. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|David II | |align="center"| c.890 Son of Adarnase IV |align="center"| 923 – 937 |align="center"| Kingdom of Iberia |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 937 | In spite of his royal title and unlike his father, David did not bear the traditional high Byzantine title of curopalates, which was bestowed by the emperor upon David's younger brother Ashot II. As a result, David's influence and prestige were overshadowed by those of this younger brother. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Sumbat I | |align="center"| c.890 Son of Adarnase IV |align="center"| 937 – 958 |align="center"| Kingdom of Iberia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 958 |rowspan=3|Brothers of David II; The Iberian kingdom split and Lower Tao re-emerged, to be reunited with Upper Tao in 941. However, Lower Tao re-merged in Iberia in 954. | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Ashot II | |align="center"| c.890 Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia |align="center"| 937 – 25 February 954 |align="center" rowspan="2"| Duchy of Tao |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 25 February 954 | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Bagrat I | |align="center"| c.890 Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia |align="center"| 937 – March 945 |align="center"| Unknown (of Klarjeti) |align="center"| March 945 | |
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|Sumbat II | |align="center"| c.910? Son of David I |align="center"| 23 February 943 – 988 |align="center"| Duchy of Klarjeti |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 988 | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Adarnase IV{{Efn|Sometimes rendeed as Adarnase V, if counting with the Iberian kingdom line.}} | |align="center"| c.910? Son of Bagrat I |align="center"| 25 February 954 – 961 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 961 | Tao divided again; Adarnase received only the Upper part of Tao, while the Lower was again retained under the main Iberian line. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Bagrat II the Simple | |align="center"| c.920? Son of Sumbat I |align="center"| 958 – 994 |align="center"| Kingdom of Iberia |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 994 | Frequently appeared as a collaborator of his relative David III of Tao, the most influential person among the Bagratids of that time, aiding him against the Rawadids of Azerbaijan. |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|Bagrat II | 100px
|align="center"| c.930? |align="center"| 961 – 966 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 966 | |
style="background:#def;"
|align="center"|David III the Great |align="center"|100px |align="center"| c.930? |align="center"| 966 – 1001 |align="center"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1001 | ||
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|David II | |align="center"| c.930? Son of Sumbat II |align="center"| 988 – 993 |align="center" rowspan="2"| Duchy of Klarjeti |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 993 |rowspan="2"|Sons of Sumbat II, ruled jointly for forty days, before Bagrat's death. | |
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|Bagrat II | |align="center"| c.930? Son of Sumbat II |align="center"| 988 |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 988 | |
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|Sumbat III | |align="center"| c.950? Son of Bagrat II |align="center"| 993 – 1011 |align="center"| Duchy of Klarjeti |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1011 | |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Gurgen II | |align="center"| c.940? Son of Bagrat II |align="center"| 994 – 1008 |align="center"| Kingdom of Iberia |align="center"| Gurandukht of Abkhazia |align="center"| 1008 | |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|In 1008, Bagrat, who had been King of Abkhazia since 978, inherited from his father Gurgen the crown of Iberia. The two kingdoms united into what came to be known as the Kingdom of Georgia. | ||
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center" rowspan="2"|Bagrat III the Unifier |align="center" rowspan="2"|100px |align="center" rowspan="2"| 960 |align="center" style="background:#def;"| 1001 – 1008 |align="center" style="background:#def;"| Duchy of Upper Tao |align="center" rowspan="2"| Martha |align="center" rowspan="2"| 7 May 1014 |rowspan="2"| Nephew of Theodosius III of Abkhazia. United for the first time all the territory of Georgia. | ||
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"| 1008 – 7 May 1014 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia | ||
style="background:#def;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|In 1008, Upper Tao was annexed to the Byzantine Empire, and was then recovered by Georgia in 1073, in the aftermath of the Battle of Manzikert | ||
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"|Bagrat III | |align="center"| c.970? Son of Sumbat III |align="center"| 1011 – 1028 |align="center"| Duchy of Klarjeti |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 1028 | In 1028 he was imprisoned by Bagrat IV of Georgia, and died during captivity. His lands were absorbed by Georgia. |
style="background:#fed;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|In 1028, Klarjeti was annexed to Georgia | ||
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|George I | 100px
|align="center"| 996 |align="center"| 7 May 1014 – 16 August 1027 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Mariam of Vaspurakan |align="center"| 16 August 1027 | |
style="background:#fff;"
|colspan=7 align=center|Regency of Mariam of Vaspurakan (მარიამი, Մարիամ) (1027-1037) |rowspan=2|His mother, while regent, negotiated a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire, and returned with the high Byzantine title of curopalates for Bagrat in 1032. Bagrat had the opposition of:
| ||
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Bagrat IV | 100px
|align="center"| 1018 |align="center"| 16 August 1027 – 24 November 1072 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Helena Argyre |align="center"| 24 November 1072 | |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|George II | 100px
|align="center"| 1054 |align="center"| 24 November 1072 – 1089 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| {{ill|Helena (wife of George II of Georgia)|ka|ელენე (გიორგი II-ის მეუღლე)|lt=Helena}} |align="center"| 1112 | Previously opposed to his father. Unable to deal effectively with the constant Seljuk Turkish attacks and overwhelmed by internal problems in his kingdom, George was forced to abdicate in favor of his energetic son David, to whom he remained a nominal co-ruler until his death in 1112. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|David IV the Builder{{Efn|When numbering this king, the rule used often includes David III of Tao, which makes the Builder the fourth king David.}} | 100px
|align="center"| 1073 |align="center"| 1089 – 24 January 1125 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Rusudan of Armenia |align="center"| 24 January 1125 | Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country in 1121. His reforms enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Demetrius I | 100px
|align="center"| 1093 |align="center"| 24 January 1125 – 1154 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1156 | Also a poet. In 1154, he was forced by his own son David to abdicate and become a monk. With David's death months later, he was restored to the throne, but did not survive much longer. Demetrius had the opposition of:
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|align="center"|David V | |align="center"| 1113 First son of Demetrius I |align="center"| 1154 – 1155 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1155 | Previous opponent against his father. Forced him to abdicate, but died a few months later. |
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|align="center"|George III | 100px
|align="center"| c.1115 |align="center"| 1155 – 27 March 1184 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Burdukhan of Alania |align="center"| 27 March 1184 | His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age – a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. However, George had the opposition of:
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|align="center"|Tamar I the Great | 100px
|align="center"| c.1160 |align="center"| 27 March 1184 – 18 January 1213 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Yury Bogolyubsky |align="center"| 18 January 1213 | Co-ruler with her father since 1178. Ruled in a period of political and military successes and cultural achievements, presiding the peak of the Georgian Golden Age. |
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|align="center"|George IV the Resplendent | 100px
|align="center"| c.1191 |align="center"| 18 January 1213 – 18 January 1223 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 18 January 1223 | Co-ruler with his mother since 1207, continued her policy, but, at the end of his reign was defeated by a Mongol expedition. |
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|align="center"|Rusudan | 100px
|align="center"| 1194 |align="center"| 18 January 1223 – 1245 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Ghias ad-din |align="center"| 1245 | Period marked by Mongol invasions of Georgia. The queen was forced to accept the sovereignty of the Mongol Khan in 1242, to pay an annual tribute and to support the Mongols with a Georgian army. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center" |David VI & I the Clever | 100px
|align="center" | 1225 |align="center" | 1245 – 1293{{efn|name=David0607|After David VI's disappearance in 1246, the Georgians elected David VII, illegitimate son of George IV as King; However, in 1248, when David VII went to the Mongols to obtain his recognition, he found there the missing king; the Mongol khan ordered for both of them to rule together, with David VI as a junior co-ruler.}} |align="center"| Kingdom od Western Georgia |align="center"| Tamar Amanelisdze |align="center"| 1293 |rowspan=2 style="background:#fff;"| Co-ruler with his mother since 1230, David VI disappeared from Georgia in 1246, and was found with the Mongols by the newly elected ruler, his cousin David VII, in 1248. Both were forced to share power, and, albeit rising against Mongol domination (1259), David VI failed and had to flee to Kutaisi in Western Georgia. Establishing there a new kingdom, he successfully maintained trade and contacts with the West. He also built friendly relations with the Golden Horde and Bahri dynasty of Egypt, repulsed the Ilkhanate attacks, and interfered in Trebizond's politics. As for David VII, the Mongol dominance and the taxes he was subject to eventually led to a political and economic crisis in the kingdom. | |
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|align="center"|David VII the Elder |align="center"|100px |align="center"| 1215 |align="center"| 1248 – 1270{{efn|name=David0607}} |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| Jigda-Khatun |align="center"| 1270 | ||
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|align="center" colspan="8" |Between 1259 and 1330, due to the consequences of the Mongol invasions, Georgia was ruled by two distinct kings. David VI and David VII, who had ruled together as vassals of the Mongols, ruled distinct parts of the country from 1259. However, there were several moments in which the Eastern kingdom had dominance over all Georgia. | ||
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|align="center"|Demetrius II the Devoted | 100px
|align="center"| 1259 |align="center"| 1270 – 12 March 1289 |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| {{ill|Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond|el|Μεγάλη Κομνηνή της Γεωργίας|lt=Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond}} |align="center"| 12 March 1289 | | Criticized for his possible polygamy. Executed by the Great Khan. |
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|align="center"|Vakhtang II{{Efn|Styled II after Vakhtang I of Iberia.}} | |align="center"|c.1250 First son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze |align="center"| 12 March 1289 – 1292 |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| Oljath Khan |align="center"| 1292 | Ascended in Eastern Georgia, with the consent of the Mongols. |
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|align="center"|Constantine I | 100px
|align="center"| c.1260{{efn|name=timelineDavid06|Despite traditionally associated as children of David VI's first wife (Tamar Amanelisdze), Constantine and Michael's names, of Byzantine origin, seem to hint for David VI's second wife, Theodora Doukaina Palaeologina, as their mother. Moreover, a son of Michael is referred as minor in 1329, which would be highly unlikely if Michael himself was born before 1254, as it would be if he were a son of Tamar.}} |align="center"| 1293 – 1327 |align="center"| Kingdom of Western Georgia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1327 | Unlike his western counterparts, Constantine remained independent from the Ilkhanid hegemony. However, his troubled reign was marked by the opposition of his brother, Michael. |
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|align="center"|David VIII | |align="center"| 1273 First son of Demetre II and {{ill|Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond|el|Μεγάλη Κομνηνή της Γεωργίας|lt=Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond}} |align="center"| 1292 – 1302 |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| Oljath Khan |align="center"| 1311 | Refused to submit to the orders of the Mongols, and between 1299 and 1308 he was declared a deposed king, as his own brothers were supported by the Mongol Khan. Albeit forced to abdicate of the throne by his brother Vakhtang, after the latter's death he was restored as king. In 1299, the Ilkhanid khan Ghazan installed his brother as a rival ruler:
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|align="center"|Vakhtang III | 100px
|align="center"| 1276 |align="center"| 1302 – 1308 |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| Ripsime |align="center"| 1308 | |
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|colspan=7 align=center|Regency of Prince George of Georgia (1311-1313) |rowspan="2"|Has as regent his uncle, prince George, who had opposed his father. Died as minor, and this uncle took power. | ||
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|align="center"|George VI the Minor | |align="center"| c.1302 Son of David VIII |align="center"| 1311 – 1313 |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 1313 | |
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|align="center"|George V the Brilliant{{efn|Numbered lower than his predecessor, as he was already politically active as opponent of his brother David VIII in 1299-1302.}} | 100px
|align="center"| 1286 |align="center"| 1313 – 1346 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1346 | "Re-ascended" as a fully recognized king, reuniting Georgia in 1330. A flexible and far-sighted politician, he recovered Georgia from a century-long Mongol domination, restoring the country's previous strength and Christian culture. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Michael | 100px
|align="center"| c.1260{{efn|name=timelineDavid06}} |align="center"| 1327 – 1329 |align="center"| Kingdom of Western Georgia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1329 | Opposed his brother, Constantine I. Sought to resubjugate to the crown the great nobles and provincial dynasts who had asserted greater autonomy for themselves in the reign of Constantine I. |
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|colspan=7 align=center|Council of Regency (1329-1330) |rowspan=2| Still a minor, was deposed by George V. | ||
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|align="center"|Bagrat I the Minor | |align="center"| c.1320 Son of Michael I |align="center"| 1329 – 1330 |align="center"| Kingdom of Western Georgia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1372 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|colspan=8 align=center|Western Georgia reunited with the Eastern part | ||
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|align="center"|David IX | |align="center"| c.1300? Son of George V |align="center"| 1346 – 1360 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Sindukhtar Jaqeli |align="center"| 1360 | The prosperity of the kingdom did not last, as the Black Death swept through the area in 1348. In 1360, Georgia lost Armenia. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Bagrat V the Great | |align="center"| c.1330? Son of George V |align="center"| 1360 – 1393 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond |align="center"| 1393 | A fair and popular ruler, was imprisoned by the Golden Horde. Agreed to convert from Christianity and become Muslim. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Alexander I | |align="center"| c.1360 First son of Bagrat I |align="center"| 1387 – 1389 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Anna Orbeliani |align="center"| 1389 | Rebelled against the main power in Georgia; Western part sepaated again. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|George I | |align="center"| c.1360 Second son of Bagrat I |align="center"| 1389–1392 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 1392 | After his death in 1392, Western Georgia is reincorporated in the Eastern part. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|colspan=8 align=center|Western Georgia reunited with the Eastern part | ||
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|align="center"|George VII | |align="center"| c.1360 Son of Bagrat V and Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond |align="center"| 1393–1407 |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 1407 |rowspan="2"|In 1396, Constantine took advantage of George VII's continuous war with Timur—in which a great number of Imeretians died—and the death of Vameq Dadiani and returned to Imereti. | |
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|align="center"|Constantine II | |align="center"| c.1360 Third son of Bagrat I |align="center"| 1396 – 1401 |align="center"| Kingdom of Western Georgia |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 1401 | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Constantine I | 100px
|align="center"| c.1366 |align="center"| 1407 – 1412 |align="center"| Kingdom of Eastern Georgia |align="center"| {{ill|Natia Amirejibi|ka|ნათია ამირეჯიბი|lt=Natia Amirejibi}} |align="center"| 1412 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Demetrius I | |align="center"| Before 1389 Son of Alexander I and Anna Orbeliani |align="center"| 1401 – 1412 |align="center"| Kingdom of Western Georgia |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1445 | From 1412 accepts suzerainty from Georgia and rules as duke of Imereti. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|colspan=8 align=center|Western Georgia reunited with the Eastern part | ||
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Alexander I the Great | 100px
|align="center"| 1386 |align="center"| 1412 – 1442 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Dulandukht Orbeliani |align="center"| 27 August 1445 or 7 March 1446 | Regained Imereti in 1412. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur's invasions, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation. He was the last ruler of a united Georgia which was relatively free from foreign domination. Abdicated. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Demetrius III | |align="center"| c.1413 First son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1442 – December 1446 |align="center" rowspan="2"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| {{ill|Gulkan of Western Georgia, Queen of Easten Georgia|ka|გულშარი|lt=Gulkhan of Western Georgia}} |align="center"| 1453 |rowspan="2"|Co-rulers since 1433. Demetrius abdicated after his brother's death. | |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center"|Vakhtang IV | 100px
|align="center"| c.1413 |align="center"| {{ill|Sitikhatun Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili|ka|სითიხათუნი|lt=Sitikhatun Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili}} |align="center"| December 1446 | |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"|George VIII |rowspan="2"| 100px |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1417 |align="center" style="background:#fff;"| December 1446 – 1466 |align="center" style="background:#fff;"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center" rowspan="2"| {{ill|Tamar Jaqeli, Queen of Kakheti|ka|თამარ ჯაყელი|lt=Tamar Jaqeli}} |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1476 |rowspan="2"| In 1463 lost Imereti once more. From 1465, renounced Georgia and ruled only in Kakheti. | ||
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|align="center"| 1466 – 1476 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti | ||
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|align="center"|Bagrat VI | |align="center"| 1439 Son of Prince George of Georgia and {{ill|Gulkan of Western Georgia, Queen of Easten Georgia|ka|გულშარი|lt=Gulkhan of Western Georgia}} |align="center" | 1463 – 1478 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center"| Helena |align="center"| 1478 | Paternal grandson of Constantine I of Georgia. In 1463 rose as King of Imereti, and in 1466 ascended in Kartli (the part George VIII renounced), reuniting it with Imereti. |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|Alexander I | |align="center"| 1445 Son of George VIII and Tamar or Nestan-Darejan |align="center"| 1476 – 27 April 1511 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"| Anna Cholokashvili |align="center"| 27 April 1511 | Alexander's pliancy and flexible diplomacy earned him security from the neighboring powers, only to be murdered by his own son George II "the Bad". He recognized the suzerainty of Shah Ismail I of Safavid Iran at the beginning of the 16th century.{{Cite book |last=Sanikidze |first=George |url= |title=Encyclopædia Iranica |title-link=Encyclopædia Iranica |year=2000 |edition=online |chapter=KAKHETI |author-link=Giorgi Sanikidze |access-date=27 September 2023 |chapter-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kakheti#article-tags-overlay}} |
style="background:#fff;"
|align="center" rowspan="2"|Alexander II |rowspan="2"|100px |align="center" rowspan="2"| c.1460? |align="center"| 1478 |align="center"| Kingdom of Georgia |align="center" rowspan="2"| Tamar |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1 April 1510 |rowspan="2"| After being deposed by his uncle Constantine II, Alexander recovered Imereti after Constantine's defeat at the hands of Qvarqvare II Jaqeli, a powerful atabeg of Samtskhe, in 1483, but lost Kutaisi to Constantine again a year later. In 1490, Alexander took advantage of the Ak Koyunlu Turkoman invasion of Kartli, and seized control of Imereti. | ||
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|align="center"| 1484 – 1 April 1510 |align="center"| Kingdom of Western Georgia | ||
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|align="center"|Constantine II | 100px
|align="center"| 1447 |align="center"| 1478 – 1505 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Tamar |align="center"| 1505 | Paternal grandson of Alexander I of Georgia. Early in the 1490s, he had to recognise the independence of his rival rulers of Imereti and Kakheti, and to confine his power to Kartli. |
colspan="8"|In 1490, after several decades of dynastic infighting, a national council agreed on the division of the Kingdom of Georgia into three kingdoms.{{cite book |last1=Mikaberidze |first1=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ |title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia |date=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1442241466 |edition=2nd |pages=237}} The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other two Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|David X | 100px
|align="center"| 1482 |align="center"| 1505 – 1526 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Nestan-Darejan Baratashvili |align="center"| 1526 | Despite the fact that Constantine had recognised the independence of the breakaway Georgian kingdoms of Imereti and Kakheti, the rivalry among these polities was to continue under David. He had to defend his kingdom against the attacks by Alexander II of Imereti and George II of Kakheti. | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Bagrat III | 100px
|align="center"| 23 September 1495 |align="center"| 1 April 1510 – September 1565 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Elena |align="center"| September 1565 | Faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy. |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|George II the Wicked | |align="center"| 1464 Tbilisi Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani |align="center"| 27 April 1511 – 1513 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"| Elena Irubakidze-Cholokashvili |align="center"| 1513 | After a failed incursion in Kartli, ended in prison, where he was soon killed. |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|Kakheti briefly annexed to Kartli | ||
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|align="center"|Leon | 100px
|align="center"| 1504 |align="center"| 1520 – 1574 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"| Tinatin Gurieli |align="center"| 1574 | Restored the kingdom of Kakheti and presided over the most prosperous and peaceful period in its history. |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|George IX | 100px
|align="center"| c.1485 |align="center"| 1525 – 1527 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Unmarried |align="center"| 1539 | Abdicated to his nephew. |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Luarsab I | |align="center"| 1502 Son of David X and {{ill|Tamar (wife of David X of Georgia)|ka|თამარი (დავით X-ის მეუღლე)|lt=Tamar (Jaqeli?)}} |align="center"| 1527 – 1556 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Tamar of Imereti |align="center"| 1556 | Persistent in his resistance against Safavid Persian aggression, he was killed in the Battle of Garisi. |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Simon I the Great | 100px
|align="center"| 1537 |align="center"| 1556 – 1569 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti |align="center"| 1611 | His first tenure was marked by war against the Persian domination of Georgia. In 1569 he was captured by the Persians, and spent nine years in captivity. In 1578 he was released and reinstalled in Kartli. During this period (i.e. his second tenure), he fought as a Persian subject against the Ottoman domination of Georgia. In 1599 Simon I was captured by the Ottomans and died in captivity. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|George II | 100px
|align="center"| c.1515 |align="center"| 1565 – 1585 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 1585 |With his ascend to the throne, George found himself involved in the civil war among his vassals. | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|David XI | |align="center"| c.1540 Second son of Luarsab I and Tamar of Imereti |align="center"| 1569 – 1578 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Elena |align="center"| c.1579 | A convert to Islam, he was appointed as Khan of Kartli by the Persian Shah Tahmasp I from 1562 (effectively from 1569) to 1578. |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|Alexander II | 100px
|align="center"| 1527 |align="center"| 1574 – October 1601 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"| Tinatin Amilakhvari |align="center"| 12 March 1605 | In spite of a precarious international situation, he managed to retain relative economic stability in his kingdom and tried to establish contacts with the Tsardom of Russia. In October 1601, Alexander's son, David, revolted from the royal authority and seized the crown, forcing his father to retire to a monastery. David would die a year later, on October 2, 1602, and Alexander was able to resume the throne. Alexander fell victim to the Iran-sponsored coup led by his other son, Constantine. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Leon | |align="center"| 1573 Son of George II and Rusudan Shervashidze |align="center"| September 1585 – 1588 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Marekhi Dadiani |align="center"| 1590 | With his ascension to the throne, Leon faced a revolt by his own uncle, Constantine, who defied the royal authority and took control of Upper Imereti. Leon made an alliance with the Mingrelian prince Mamia IV Dadiani, and forced Constantine to surrender in 1587. He then would also face the hostilities of Simon I of Kartli and his own brother-in-law, who deposed him. |
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|align="center"|Rostom | 100px
|align="center"| 1571 |align="center"| 1588 – 1589 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center" rowspan="2"| Unmarried |align="center"| 1605 |rowspan="2"|With support of Mamia IV Dadiani, Rostom was raised to the throne, but his authority was defied by Giorgi II Gurieli, who employed an Ottoman force to dethrone the king in favor of Bagrat IV (paternal grandson of Bagrat III). After Rostom fled to Mingrelia, Simon I of Kartli deposed Bagrat IV and brought most of Imereti under his control. Manuchar I Dadiani rejected Simon's ultimatum, moved into Imereti, defeated the invaders and reinstated Rostom as king. However, the authority started to be held by an aristocratic élite, notably by the prince of Mingrelia. | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Bagrat IV |align="center"| |align="center"| 1565 |align="center"| 1589 – 1590 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| c.1590 | ||
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|align="center"|George X | |align="center"| 1561 Tbilisi Son of Simon I and Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti |align="center"| 1599 – 7 September 1606 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| {{ill|Tamar Lipartiani|ka|თამარ ლიპარტიანი|lt=Tamar Lipartiani}} |align="center"| 7 September 1606 | Fought alongside his father against the Ottoman occupation forces since 1598. Held power after Simon was taken captive by the Turks at the Battle of Nakhiduri in 1599. George attempted several times, though vainly, to ransom his father (who would die as a prisoner in 1612) from captivity and even offered his son as hostage to the Sublime Porte. Supported the Persians against the Ottomans. He was the first king of Kartli who attempted to establish diplomatic ties with the northern co-religionist power of Muscovy. However, unstable political situation in both countries terminated these contacts. | |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|David I | 100px
|align="center"| 1569 |align="center"| October 1601 – 21 October 1602 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"| Ketevan of Mukhrani, the Martyr |align="center"| 21 October 1602 | In mid-1601, he capitalized on the illness of his father and gained an effective control of the government. However, died a year later. His father then recovered the throne. |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|Constantine I | |align="center"| 1567 Tbilisi Son of Alexander II and Tinatin Amilakhvari |align="center"| 12 March – 22 October 1605 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 22 October 1605 | His subjects refused to recognize a patricide (he murdered Alexander II) and revolted. The rebellion was led by Constantine's sister-in-law, the widow Ketevan, who requested aid from George X of Kartli. Constantine bribed some of the rebel nobles, but in the end had to flee. The rebels sent emissaries to Abbas I of Persia and pledged loyalty, provided that Abbas confirmed their candidate, Ketevan's son Teimuraz, as a Christian king of Kakheti. |
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|align="center"|George III | 100px
|align="center"|c.1570 |align="center"| 1605 – 1639 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Tamar |align="center"| 1639 | His authority was seriously undermined by the energetic prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, whose increasing influence George tried to restrict without success. |
style="background:#dce;"
|align=center colspan=7|Regency of Ketevan of Mukhrani (ქეთევან წამებული) (1605-1614) |rowspan="2"|An admirer of Persian poetry, Teimuraz translated into Georgian several Persian love stories and transformed the personal experiences of his reign into a series of original poems influenced by the contemporary Persian tradition.{{cite book |last1=Rayfield |first1=Donald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VstdAgAAQBAJ |title=The Literature of Georgia: A History |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9781136825293 |pages=102–106 |access-date=27 September 2023}} From 1614 on, he waged a five-decade long struggle against the Safavid Iranian domination of Georgia in the course of which he was thrice deposed and lost several members of his family. Teimuraz died as the shah's prisoner at Astarabad. | ||
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|Teimuraz I | 100px
|align="center"| 1589 |align="center"| 22 October 1605 – 1648{{efn|Safavid Iran invaded Kakheti between 1616-1625 and 1633-1634.}} |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"| Anna Gurieli |align="center"| 1661 | |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|Kakheti annexed to Persia (1648-1664) | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Regency of Shadiman Baratashvili (შადიმან ბარათაშვილი) (1606-1610) |rowspan=2|He is known for his martyr's death at the hands of the Persian shah Abbas I. The Georgian Orthodox Church regards him as saint and marks his memory on the day of his death, July 1. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Luarsab II the Holy Martyr | 100px
|align="center"| 1592 |align="center"| 7 September 1606 – 1 July 1615 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Makrine Saakadze |align="center"| 1 July 1615 | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Abbas I of Persia (1615-1619) |rowspan=2|Installed by Abbas I as a puppet king. His power was confined to Lower Kartli and largely relied on Persian forces. Considered as a renegade, he was disgusted by most of the kingdom's population and, in spite of the Persian presence, he was unable to control even seemingly loyal nobility. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Bagrat VII | |align="center"| 1569 Son of David XI and Elene |align="center"| 1 July 1615 – 1619 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Anna of Kakheti |align="center"| 1619 | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Abbas I of Persia (1619-1629) and Safi of Persia (1629-1630) |rowspan=2|Largely unpopular with his Christian subjects, Simon's "khanate" never stretched beyond Tbilisi and the Lower Kartli province, where the districts of Somkhiti and Sabaratiano were occupied by Persian forces. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Simon II | |align="center"| c.1610 Son of Bagrat VII and Anna of Kakheti |align="center"| 1619 – 1630 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Jahan Banu Begum |align="center"| 1630 | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|Kartli briefly annexed to Kakheti | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Safi of Persia (1633-1642) and Abbas II of Persia (1642-1658) |rowspan=2|Took control of Kartli and garrisoned all major fortresses with Persian forces, bringing them under his tight control. His willingness to cooperate with his suzerain won for Kartli a larger degree of autonomy. A period of relative peace and prosperity ensued, with the cities and towns being revived, many deserted areas repopulated and commerce flourished. Although Muslim, Rostom patronised Christian culture, albeit Islam and Persian habits predominating at his court. He ruthlessly crushed an opposition of local nobles. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Rostom | 100px
|align="center"| 1565 |align="center"| 1633 – 17 November 1658 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Tinatina Jaqeli |align="center"| 17 November 1658 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Alexander III | 100px
|align="center"| 1609 |align="center"| 1639 – 1 March 1660 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| {{ill|Tamar Gurieli, Queen of Imereti|fr|Tamar Gourieli (fille de Mamia II de Gourie)|lt=Tamar Gurieli}} |align="center"| 1 March 1660 | Most of his reign was spent in the struggle against the powerful prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, who refused to acknowledge the king of Imereti as his overlord, and aspired to displace him from his throne. |
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Abbas II of Persia (1658-1666) and Suleiman I of Persia (1666-1675) |rowspan=2|Originally great-great-grandson of Constantine II of Georgia, he came from the Mukhrani line, being adopted by his predecessor Rostom to succeed him. Followed the policy of his predecessor, managing to maintain a peaceful relationship with his Persian suzerains and to revive the economy of Kartli. Made efforts to bring other Georgian polities under his control. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Vakhtang V | |align="center"| 1618 Son of Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani and Anna Eristavi Adopted son of Rostom |align="center"| 17 November 1658 – September 1675 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Rodam Kaplanishvili-Orbeliani |align="center"| September 1675 Intervened in Imereti's bitter power struggles. | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti | 100px
|align="center"| 1615 |align="center"| 1 March 1660 – 1668 |align="center" rowspan="2"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Zurab I, Duke of Aragvi |align="center"| 1668 |rowspan="2"|After Alexander III's death, Darejan, as his widow, became the core of power in Imereti. Signed royal documents before her stepson (king Bagrat V) himself, and eventually blinded him shortly after his accession. Her third marriage to legitimized him in power, opposing Bagrat V:
The period was marked by extreme instability and feudal anarchy in the kingdom: some other nobles tried to wrest for power. | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Bagrat V | |align="center"| 1620 Son of Alexander III and Tamar Gurieli |align="center"| 1 March 1660 – 1661{{efn|name=VT|Deposed by the puppet king of his stepmother in 1660 and 1668.}} |align="center"| Ketevan of Kakheti |align="center"| 1681 | |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|Ketevan | |align="center"| 1648 Daughter of Prince David of Kakheti and Elene Diasamidze |align="center"| 1664 – 1675 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"|Archil |align="center"| 16 April 1719 |rowspan="3"|With Kakheti's independence restored, Archil was designated its king afterr marrying the later king's granddaughter, Ketevan. Ketevan's brother, Heraclius, came in 1675 to claim and inherit the throne. Dispossessed, Archil tried to expand his influence in Imereti through a series of unsuccessful or short-lived coups d'état on that kingdom. Eventually, Archil retired to Russia where he spearheaded the cultural life of a local Georgian community. He was also a lyric poet. | |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center" rowspan="2"|Archil |rowspan="2"| 100px |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1647 |align="center"| 1664 – 1675 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center" rowspan="2"| Unknown |align="center" rowspan="2"| 16 April 1713 | ||
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"| 1661 – 1663 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Suleiman I of Persia (1675-1694) and Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1694-1709) |rowspan="2"|He is best known for his struggle against the Safavids which dominated his weakened kingdom and later as a Safavid commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan. Being an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Shia Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Kandahar. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|George XI | 100px
|align="center"| 1651 |align="center"| 1675 – 1688 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Tamar Davitishvili |align="center"| 21 April 1709 | |
style="background:#dce;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Suleiman I of Persia (1675-1694) and Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1694-1709) |rowspan="3"|Grandson of Teimuraz I of Kakheti. Raised in Russia, where he was known as Nikolai Davidovich. In 1662, he returned to take the vacant throne of Kakheti, but was defeated by his brother-in-law Archil with Iranian support. He managed to take Kakheti when Archil, conflicted with the Persian Empire, left the kingdom. With the annexation of his kingdom to Persia, Heraclius filled the Kartli throne, left vacant by George XI's deposition. | ||
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center" rowspan="2"|Heraclius I |rowspan="2"| 100px |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1642 |align="center" |1675 – 1676 |align="center" | Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center" rowspan="2"|Anna Cholokashvili |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1709 | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"| 1688 – 1703 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli | ||
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|Between 1676 and 1703, Kakheti was annexed to Persia | ||
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Tamar of Mukhrani | |align="center"| c.1640 Daughter of Constantine I, Prince of Mukhrani and Darejan Abashidze |align="center" rowspan=2| 1681 – 1683 |align="center" rowspan=2| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Levan III Dadiani |align="center"| 1681 |rowspan="2"| Like her mother-in-law, Tamar also became the core of sovereignty in Imereti, as it is shown by her thirs husband succeeding her second one. This third husband, George Gurieli, was Prince of Guria in 1658–1668. He was energetically involved in civil wars in western Georgian polities, which he sought to bring under his sway. He was killed in battle while trying to recover the lost throne of Imereti. | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|George IV Gurieli{{Efn|George III as prince of Guria.}} | |align="center"| ? Son of Kaikhosro I Gurieli and Khvaramze Goshadze |align="center"| Tamar Chijavadze |align="center"| 1684 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Alexander IV | |align="center"| c.1660? Kutaisi Illegitimate son of Bagrat V |align="center"| 1683 – 1691 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Tamar Abashidze |align="center"| 1695 | George XI of Kartli and the Imeretian nobles secured the Ottoman recognition for Alexander, who was enthroned in Imereti after deposing the Gurieli prince in 1683. Alexander transferred his loyalty to the Safavid shah Suleiman I of Persia in 1689, but was expelled by the Turks into Kartli in August 1690. In 1691, through the mediation of Erekle I of Kartli and the Persian government, Alexander was restored in Imereti after a year of anarchy and misrule. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (1696-1698) |rowspan="3"|As usual for widows in Imereti, she was the link between two kings, marrying them in succession. George V ruled virtually, under his powerful benefactor. | ||
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center" |Tamar Abashidze | |align="center"| 1681 FIrst daughter of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1696 – 1698 |align="center" rowspan="2"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Alexander IV |align="center"| 1716 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|George V Gochia | |align="center"| c.1680? A relative of the Bagrationi dynasty |align="center"| Tamar Abashidze |align="center"| 1698 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (1699-1701) |rowspan=3| Sister of Tamar Abashidze, she also married the next king of Imereti, an illegitimate son of her sister's husband, Simon, who was brought up in the court of Erekle I of Kartli. The couple was expelled by Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze and his daughter Tamar. | ||
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center" |Anika Abashidze | |align="center"| c.1685 Second daughter of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1699 – 1701 |align="center" rowspan="2"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center" rowspan="2"| 1698 |align="center"| 1731 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Simon | |align="center"| ? Illegitimate son of Alexander IV |align="center"| 1701 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (1701-1702) |rowspan=3| Third daughter of the powerful regent Giorgi Abashidze, married Mamia Gurieli, who succeeded Elena's brother-in-law. After his first reign as king for a year, Mamia abdicated, being unable to tolerate the influence of his father-in-law Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze. Subsequent periods of his royal career was the result of a feud with George VII of Imereti. Mamia died while still sitting on the throne of Imereti, which then reverted to his rival. | ||
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center" |Elena Abashidze | |align="center"| c.1685 Third daughter of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |align="center" | 1701 – 1702 |align="center" rowspan="2"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center" | Mamia Gurieli |align="center"| 1731 | |
style="background:#cccc;"
|align="center"|Mamia Gurieli the Great{{Efn|Mamia III as prince of Guria.}} | 100px
|align="center"| ? |align="center" style="background:#ceb;"| 1701 – 1702 |align="center"| Elena Abashidze |align="center"| 5 January 1714 | |
style="background:#cccc;"
|align="center"|George VI-Malakia Abashidze | |align="center"| ? Son of Paata Abashidze |align="center" style="background:#ceb;"| 1702-1707 |align="center" style="background:#ceb;"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Unknown |align="center"| 15 October 1722 | After controlling many kings behind the curtain, Giorgi-Malakia made his way to the throne, but ended up deposed by a revolt of the nobles. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|George VII | 100px
|align="center"| 1670 |align="center"| 1707 – 1711 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Rodam of Kartli |align="center"| 22 February 1720 | With the approval of the Ottoman government, a rightful king of Imereti by the loyal party of nobles in 1702, though it was not until 1707 that he was able to wrest the crown from the usurper Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (George VI). Entered in a feud with Mamia Gurieli for the throne. |
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1709-1711) |rowspan=2|Paternal grandson of Vakhtang V. He reigned in absentia since he served during the whole of this period as a Persian commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Kaikhosro | |align="center"| 1 January 1674 Tbilisi Son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli |align="center"| 21 April 1709 – 27 September 1711 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Ketevan |align="center"| 27 September 1711 | |
style="background:#dce;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1709-1711) |rowspan=2|Although a Muslim and a loyal vassal of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, he failed to ensure his kingdom's security and most of his reign was marked by Lekianoba - incessant inroads by the Dagestani mountainous clansmen. | ||
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|David II | |align="center"| 1678 Isfahan Son of Heraclius I and Anna Cholokashvili |align="center"|1709 – 2 November 1722 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center"|Unknown |align="center" |2 November 1722 | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|Interregnum: 1711-1714 | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1714-1722), Mahmud Hotak of Afghanistan (1722-1725) and Ashraf Hotak of Afghanistan (1725-1727) |rowspan="3"|Paternal grandsons of Vakhtang V. Jesse proved to be incompetent and addicted to alcohol. Unable to maintain order in his possessions, he was replaced, in June 1716, with his brother, Vakhtang, who had finally agreed to renounce Christianity. One of the most important and extraordinary statesman of early 18th-century Georgia, Vakhtang was known as a notable legislator, scholar, critic, translator and poet. His reign was eventually terminated by the Ottoman invasion following the disintegration of Safavid Persia, which forced Vakhtang into exile in the Russian Empire. After Ottoman invasion in Georgia that led to Vakhtang's escape, Jesse could return to the throne. After his death, the kingdom was abolished and united with Kakheti. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Jesse | |align="center"| 1680 Tbilisi Second son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli |align="center"| 1714 – 1716 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Mariam Qaplanishvili-Orbeliani |align="center"| 1727 | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Vakhtang VI the Scholar | 100px
|align="center"| 15 September 1674 |align="center"| 1716 – July 1724 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Rusudan of Circassia |align="center"| 26 March 1737 | |
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center" colspan="8"|In 1727, the kingdom of Kartli was annexed to the Ottoman Empire, then to Persia (1735), and finally merged in Kakheti in 1744 | ||
style="background:#cccc;"
|align="center"|George VIII Gurieli{{Efn|George IV as prince of Guria.}} | |align="center"| ? Son of Mamia and Khvaramze Goshadze |align="center" style="background:#ceb;"| 27 February – June 1720 |align="center" style="background:#ceb;"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Elena-Mariam Abashidze |align="center"| 1726 | Also Prince of Guria 1714–1726. Seized the crown of Imereti, but was forced to abandon the enterprise later that year. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Alexander V | 100px
|align="center"| 1703 |align="center"| June 1720 – 1741 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Mariam Dadiani |align="center"| March 1752 | Brought up at the court of his relative Vakhtang VI of Kartli and enjoyed his support in the power struggle in Imereti. After visiting Istanbul, in August 1719 he returned with a detachment of Turkish auxiliaries, deposed George VIII Gurieli in June 1720, and was crowned king of Imereti. Had, howver, opposition from his brother:
|
style="background:#dce;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Mahmud Hotak of Afghanistan (1722-1725), Ashraf Hotak of Afghanistan (1725-1729) and Tahmasp II of Persia (1729-1732) |rowspan=2|He frequently feuded with his western neighbor and kinsman, Vakhtang VI of Kartli, who was declared by the Persian government deposed in 1723. | ||
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|Constantine II | 100px
|align="center"| ? |align="center" |2 November 1722 – 28 December 1732 |align="center" | Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center" |Perejan-Begum |align="center" |28 December 1732 | |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|George IX | |align="center"| 1718 Kutaisi Second son of George VII and Tamar Gurieli |align="center"| 1741 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Mzekhatun Lipartiani |align="center"| 1778 | After his brother Alexander V was ousted in the Ottoman-sponsored coup of 1741, he was enthroned in Imereti, but was deposed in the same year. |
style="background:#fff;"
|align=center colspan=7|Overlordship of Nader Shah of Persia (1744-1746) |rowspan="4"| Married since 1712. In 1735, the couple fomented unrest against the Persian rule, but Teimuraz was captured in 1736. Part of Georgian nobles staged a powerful rebellion against the Persian regime, and the shah released Teimuraz to suppress the opposition. In 1744, Teimuraz was confirmed by the shah as king of Kartli, his wife recognized as "Queen of Queens", and their son Erekle was given a Kakhetian crown, laying the ground for the eventual reunification of the Georgian kingdoms. They were recognised as Christian kings for the first time since 1632, and crowned as so. With their power growing increasingly stronger, Teimuraz soon repudiated their allegiance to the Persian suzerain. | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center"|Tamar II{{Cite book |first=Cyril|last=Toumanoff|author-link=Cyril Toumanoff |url=https://archive.org/details/toumanoff-1976-genealogie/page/134/mode/1up |title=Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de la Caucasie chrétienne (Arménie - Géorgie - Albanie) |year=1976 |language=fr |pages=134, 547}} | |align="center"| 1696 Daughter of Vakhtang VI and Rusudan of Circassia |align="center"| 1744 – 12 April 1746 |align="center"| Kingdom of Kartli |align="center"| Teimuraz II |align="center"| 12 April 1746 | |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center" rowspan="2"|Teimuraz II |rowspan="2"| 100px |align="center" rowspan="2"| 7 November 1700 |align="center" |28 December 1732 – 1744 |align="center" | Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center" rowspan="2"|Tamar Eristavi |align="center" rowspan="2"|8 January 1762 | ||
style="background:#fde;"
|align="center" |1744 – 8 January 1762 |align="center" | Kingdom of Kartli | ||
style="background:#fff;"
|colspan="8"|The process of unification of Kartli and Kakheti was initiated in 1744, when Teimuraz II of Kakheti was confirmed as King of Kartli by the Persians, and left Kakheti to his son Heraclius II. It was fulfilled in 1762, when Teimuraz II died, and Heraclius joined the two crowns. The Russian southward expansion would however cut short this evolution; Kartli-Kakheti became a Russian protectorate in 1783 by the Treaty of Georgievsk, and was annexed in 1801 following the death of George XII. Imereti kept its independence a few years longer, until 1810. | ||
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|Heraclius II | 100px
|align="center"| 7 November 1720 |align="center" |1744 – 11 January 1798 |align="center" | Kingdom of Kakheti |align="center" |Ketevan Pkheidze |align="center" |11 January 1798 | Merged definitely Kartli with Kakheti after his father's death. His reign is regarded as the swan song of the Georgian monarchy. Aided by his personal abilities and the unrest in the Persian Empire, Heraclius established himself as a de facto autonomous ruler, unified eastern Georgia politically for the first time in three centuries, and attempted to modernize the government, economics, and military. Overwhelmed by the internal and external menaces to Georgia's precarious independence, he placed his kingdom under the formal Russian protection in 1783, but the move didn't prevent the invasion of Georgia from being devastated by the Persian invasion in 1795. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Solomon I the Great | 100px
|align="center"| 1735 |align="center"| March 1752 – 23 April 1784 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Tinatin Shervashidze |align="center"| 23 April 1784 | Had opposition from his cousin:
|
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|David II | 100px
|align="center"| 1756 |align="center"| 4 May 1784 – 1791 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Ana Orbeliani |align="center"| 11 January 1795 | After the death of his cousin, King Solomon I, he became a regent but prevented the rival princes David (the future king Solomon II) and George from being crowned. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784. Had opposition, in 1789, from a cousin, Prince Solomon, who would eventually succeeded him after ousting him in 1791. |
style="background:#ceb;"
|align="center"|Solomon II | 100px
|align="center"| 1772 |align="center"| 1791 – 1810 |align="center"| Kingdom of Imereti |align="center"| Anna Orbeliani |align="center"| 7 February 1815 | Grandson of Alexander V. Initially prevented of the succession by his regent, he managed to overthrow him twice. Ruled under threat of Russian annexation, made even more present after the Kakheti-Kartli conquest in 1800. The menace became an official act with his deposition by the Imperial Russian government in 1810. |
style="background:#dce;"
|align="center"|George XII | 100px
|align="center"| 10 November 1746 |align="center" |11 January 1798 – 28 December 1800 |align="center" |Kingdom of Kakheti and Kartli |align="center" |Ketevan Andronikashvili |align="center" |28 December 1800 | His brief reign in the closing years of the 18th century was marked by significant political instability, which implied the near certainty of a civil strife and a Persian invasion. Weakened by poor health and overwhelmed by problems in his realm, George renewed a request of protection from Tsar Paul I of Russia. After his death, Imperial Russia took advantage of the moment and moved to annex the Georgian kingdoms, while sending the remnants of the Georgian royal family into forced exile in Russia. |
Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the dynasty have raised their profile, and in 2008 the two rival branches were united by marriage of the Mukhranski pretender David Bagration of Mukhrani and Ana Bagration-Gruzinsky, the eldest daughter of the Gruzinski pretender Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky. The marriage ended in divorce in 2013, but produced a son named Giorgi. On 1 March 2025 Prince Nugzar died, the Gruzinski line went extinct in the male line and Ana became the rival pretender to her ex-husband with Giorgi as their shared heir apparent (his only child and her only son).
Timeline of Georgian monarchs
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id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) #
id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) #
id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) #
id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) #
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id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
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Period = from:-302 till:1810
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from: -302 till: 189 text:Pharnavazid
from: 189 till: 284 text:Arsacid
from: 284 till: 575 text:Chosroid
from: 575 till: 1810 text:Bagrationi
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{European Royal Families}}
{{Georgia (country) topics}}