List of wars involving Poland#Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
This is a chronological list of wars in which Poland or its predecessor states of took an active part, extending from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the present. This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
:{{legend2|#AF9|style="background:#AF9"|Polish victory|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2|#F88|style="background:#F88"|Polish defeat|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2|#E6F7FF|Another result|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2|#FCE883|Internal conflict|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2||Ongoing conflict|border=1px solid #AAA}}
__TOC__
Piast Poland (960–1138)
{{Main|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty}}
During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.
Feudal fragmentation (1138–1320)
{{Main|Feudal fragmentation of Poland}}
In 1138, after the death of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Poland was divided into districts ruled by local princes. This began a period of feudal fragmentation that lasted for more than 187 years during which Poland was severely weakened due to incessant internal conflicts. The feudal fragmentation ended in 1320 during the reign of Władyslaw I Lokietek.
Reunited Kingdom of Poland (1320–1385)
{{Main|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty}}
In 1320, after the end of the feudal fragmentation, during the reign of Władyslaw I Łokietek and his son Casimir III the Great, Poland experienced a period of strong economic development, this period also increased migration to Poland especially of Germans and Jews. The period ended after the death of Casimir the Great and the assumption of the Polish throne by Louis I.
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1323 |Polish–Hungarian expedition to Ruthenia{{Cite book |last=Nowak |first=A. |title=Historia Polski. Kalendarium dziejów: Pradzieje-1655 |year=2010 |page=183}}{{Cite book |last1=Leszczyńscy |first1=A. |title=Najważniejsze wydarzenia w historii Polski i świata |last2=Leszczyńscy |first2=M.}} |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Kingdom of Hungary |24x24px Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | | |Victory |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1326 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}} 15x15px Grand Duchy of Lithuania |25x25px Margraviate of Brandenburg | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1326– 1332 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}} 15x15px Grand Duchy of Lithuania {{Clear}} {{Clear}} |21x21px Teutonic Knights{{Clear}} {{Clear}} |
|
|Indecisive |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1340– 1392 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}} {{Clear}} |24x24px Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia{{Clear}} 15x15px Grand Duchy of Lithuania {{Clear}} | |
|Victory |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1345– 1348 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}} 15x15px Grand Duchy of Lithuania {{Clear}} | |
|Indecisive |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1352–1358 |{{Interlanguage link|Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation|lt=Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation|pl|Konfederacja Maćka Borkowica}} |Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation{{Clear}}Families from Greater Poland and Brandenburg | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1375– 1377 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}} |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor=#FCE883
|1381– 1385 | | |Internal conflict |
Jagiellon Poland (1385–1569)
For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1387 |22x22px Principality of Moldavia | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1389– 1392 |15x15px Grand Duchy of Lithuania{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland |27x27px Samogitia{{Clear}}15x15px Teutonic Knights{{Clear}}24x24px Rus' principalities | | |Indecisive |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1389–1396 |43x43px Kingdom of Hungary{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}Others |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}{{Clear}}Moravian Serbia | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1399 |23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}Others | | |Defeat |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1409– 1411 |Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania{{Clear}}{{flagicon|Moldavia}}Moldavia{{Clear}}Tatars from Golden Horde{{Clear}}Bohemians{{Clear}}Moravians{{Clear}}Silesians{{Clear}}Wallachians |21x21px Teutonic Knights{{Clear}}Czech mercenaries{{Clear}}Silesian mercenaries | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1414 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1415– 1419 |43x43px Kingdom of Hungary{{Clear}} |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} | | |Indecisive |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1419 |{{Interlanguage link|Retreat Expedition|lt=Retreat Expedition|pl|Wyprawa odwrotowa}} | | |Initial Polish victory Expedition cancelled afterwards |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1422 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania{{Clear}}22x22px Principality of Moldavia | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1425–1427 |{{flagicon image|Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|border=no}} Pomerania-Stettin{{Clear}}{{flagicon image|Terra Bernstein - Pommern-Wolgast COA.svg|border=no}} Pomerania-Wolgast{{Clear}}{{flagicon image|Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|border=no}} Pomerania-Stolp{{Clear}}{{flagicon image|Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|border=no}} Pomerania-Stargard{{Clear}}{{flagicon image|DEU Burg Stargard Flag.svg}} Mecklenburg-Stargard{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}{{flagicon image|CoA Werle Principality.svg|border=no}} Werle (1425–1426) |25x25px Margraviate of Brandenburg | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1431 |Alexander the Good's expedition to Poland{{Sfn|Spieralski|1967|p=27}} |22x22px Principality of Moldavia | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1431– 1435 |24x24px Hussites{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}15x15px Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Žygimantas Kęstutaitis) |21x21px Teutonic Knights{{Clear}}15x15px Grand Duchy of Lithuania(Švitrigaila) |
|
|Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1432– 1438 |21x21px Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Roman Catholic){{Clear}} {{Clear}} |21x21px Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Eastern Orthodox){{Clear}} {{Clear}} {{Clear}} {{Clear}} 22x22px Principality of Moldavia | |
|Victory |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1438 | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1439 | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1443–1444 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}43x43px Kingdom of Hungary{{Clear}}Others |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1450 |Fight for throne of moldova{{Sfn|Bunar|Sroka|2004|p=92}} |22x22px Principality of Moldavia |
|{{Interlanguage link|Battle of Krasnem|pl|Bitwa pod Krasnem (1450)}} |Defeat |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1454– 1466 |Prussian Confederation{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland |21x21px Teutonic Knights{{Clear}}22x22px Livonian Brothers of the Sword{{Clear}}35x35px Kingdom of Denmark | |
|Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1467– 1479 |20x20px Nicolaus von Tüngen{{Clear}}21x21px Teutonic Knights | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1475 |{{flag|Moldavia}}{{Clear}} {{Clear}} |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1476–1482 |{{Interlanguage link|War of the Głogów Succession|lt=War of the Głogów Succession|pl|Wojna o sukcesję głogowską}} | | |Defeat |
| - bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1485– 1503 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}{{Clear}}22x22px Principality of Moldavia{{Clear}}20x20px Crimean Khanate | | |Defeat |
| - bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1500– 1503 |Second Muscovite-Lithuanian War |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania |26x26px Grand Duchy of Moscow | | |Defeat |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1502– 1510 |22x22px Principality of Moldavia{{Clear}} {{flag|Ottoman Empire|1497}} | |
|Victory |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1507–1508 |23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland |26x26px Grand Duchy of Moscow | |
|Indecisive |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1512– 1522 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania |26x26px Grand Duchy of Moscow | | |Defeat |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC
|1519– 1521 | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1521–1526 |23x23px Kingdom of Hungary{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}Others |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1524 |Turko–Tatar raid on Poland{{Cite book |last1=Gieysztor |first1=Aleksander |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_831003928/page/n5/mode/2up |title=History of Poland |last2=Kieniewicz |first2=Stefan |last3=Rostwokowski |first3=Emanuel |last4=Tazbir |first4=Janusz |last5=Wereszycki |first5=Henryk |publisher=Polish Scientific Publishers |year=1979 |location=Warsaw |page=149|isbn=978-83-01-00392-0 }} |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}{{Clear}}20x20px Crimean Khanate | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1530– 1538 |22x22px Principality of Moldavia | |
|Victory |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1534– 1537 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania |26x26px Grand Duchy of Moscow | | |Indecisive |
| - bgcolor="#FCE883"
|1537 | | |Internal conflict |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1550 |Moldavian expedition of Bar{{Sfn|Spieralski|1967|p=112}} |22x22px Principality of Moldavia | | Attack on Bar{{Sfn|Spieralski|1967|p=112}} |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1551 |Sieniawski's intervention in Moldavia{{Cite book |last=Kosienkowski |first=Marcin |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Spotkania_polsko_mo%C5%82dawskie/_ydoGMaL-doC?hl=pl&gbpv=1&dq=interwencja+w+mo%C5%82dawii+1552&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover |title=Spotkania polsko-mołdawskie: Księga poświęcona pamięci Profesora Janusza Solaka |date=2012-12-01 |publisher=Episteme |isbn=978-83-62495-28-3 |page=45 |language=pl}}{{Sfn|Koziel|2021|p=176}} |22x22px Principality of Moldavia | | |Defeat |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1552 |Sieniawski's intervention in Moldavia{{Sfn|Koziel|2021|p=180-181}} |22x22px Principality of Moldavia | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1561 |Rebel forces{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}Others |22x22px Principality of Moldavia{{Clear}}{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}{{Clear}}{{flagicon|Wallachia}} Principality of Wallachia | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1561– 1570 |24x24px Livonian Confederation{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}20x20px Denmark–Norway{{Clear}}22x22px Swedish Empire |31x31px Tsardom of Russia{{Clear}}24x24px Kingdom of Livonia | |
|Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1563– 1568 |24x24px Kingdom of Poland{{Clear}}23x23px Grand Duchy of Lithuania{{Clear}}{{flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark–Norway{{Clear}}20x20px Free City of Lübeck |{{Clear}}{{flagicon|Sweden|1562}} Kingdom of Sweden | | |Defeat |
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
{{Main|List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth}}
{{Further|History of Poland in the early modern period (1569–1795)}}
The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.
During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Napoleonic Wars (Duchy of Warsaw)
{{Main|Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Napoleonic Wars}}
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| -- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1797 |Polish insurgents{{Clear}}{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}{{Clear}}{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}}{{Clear}}{{flag|French First Republic|name=France}} |{{flagicon|Austria|empire}} Austrian Empire | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1798– 1802 | {{flag|French First Republic|name=France}} {{Clear}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Spain|1785}} {{Clear}} {{flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark–NorwayOfficially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen. {{Clear}}
|Second Coalition: {{flag|Holy Roman Empire}}Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}} (until 1801) {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} (from 1801) {{flagcountry|Russian Empire}} (until 1799) {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Portugal|1750}} {{flag|Kingdom of Naples|1738}} {{flagicon|Tuscany|habsburg}} Grand Duchy of Tuscany {{flagicon|SMOM}} Order of Saint John (1798) {{flagicon image|Unofficial Flag of Malta (pre-1943).svg}} Malta (1798–1800) {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} French Royalists | | |Victory |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1803– 1806 |{{flagicon|France}} French Empire
|{{flag|Holy Roman Empire}}{{Clear}} {{flag|Russian Empire}} {{Clear}} {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Kingdom of Naples|1738}} {{Clear}} {{flagicon|Two Sicilies}} Kingdom of Sicily {{Clear}} {{flag|Sweden|naval}} {{Clear}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} French royalists | | |Victory |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1806– 1807 |{{flagicon|France}} French Empire
|{{flag|Prussia|1803}}{{Clear}} {{flagcountry|Russian Empire}} {{Clear}} {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} {{Clear}} {{flagicon image|State flag of Saxony before 1815.svg}} Saxony {{Clear}} {{flag|Sweden|1761}} {{Clear}} File:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_(1738).svg Sicily | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1808– 1814 |{{flagicon|France}} French Empire {{Clear}} |{{flag|Spain|1785}}{{Clear}} {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Portugal|1750}} | |
|Defeat |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1809 |{{flagicon|France}} French Empire
|{{flagicon|Austria|empire}} Austrian Empire {{Clear}} {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Spain|1785}} {{Clear}} {{flagicon|Two Sicilies}} Sicily {{Clear}} {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Sardinia}} {{Clear}} {{flagicon image|Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg}} Black Brunswickers | | |Victory |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1809 |{{flagicon image| Duchy of Warsaw Standard.jpg|size=22px}} Duchy of Warsaw{{Clear}} {{flagicon image|State flag of Saxony before 1815.svg}} Kingdom of Saxony {{Clear}} {{flagicon|France}} French Empire |{{flagicon|Austria|empire}} Austrian Empire | |
|Victory |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1812 |{{flagicon|France}} French Empire
|{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|
|Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1812– 1814 |{{flag|First French Empire}}
|Original Coalition {{flag|Russian Empire}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Prussia|1803}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Austrian Empire}} {{Clear}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom {{Clear}} {{SWE}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Spain|1785}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Portugal|1750}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Two Sicilies}} {{Clear}} {{flag|Kingdom of Sardinia}} After Battle of Leipzig
| |
|Defeat |
Poland under partitions (1815–1918)
{{Main|History of Poland (1795–1918)|History of Poland under partitions}}
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| ---- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1830– 1831 |{{flag|Russian Empire}} | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1846 |20px {{ill|Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising)|lt=Poles|pl|Rząd Narodowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej}} |{{flagicon|Austria|empire}} Austrian Empire {{flag|Russian Empire}} | |
|Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1848 | Poles |{{flag|Prussia|1803}} | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1863– 1864 |{{flag|Russian Empire}} | | |Defeat |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1905– 1907 |{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} {{ill|Polish labour movment|lt=Polish revolutionaries|pl|Ruch robotniczy na ziemiach polskich}} {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Russian revolutionaries |{{flag|Russian Empire}} {{flagicon|POL|1815}} Polish conservatives | | |Defeat |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1914– 1918 |{{flag|German Empire}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}{{Clear}}{{flagicon|POL}} Polish Legions{{Clear}}Central Powers |{{flag|Russian Empire|1914}}{{Clear}}
{{flag|British Empire}}{{Clear}} {{flagicon|France}} French Third Republic{{Clear}}
|
|
|Victory{{Efn|Defeat of Central Powers and Russia, but fulfilling the goal of Polish national liberation movements}} |
Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)
{{Main|History of Poland (1918–1939)|History of Poland during World War I}}
In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war.
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1918– 1919 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}}{{Clear}}{{flagicon|ROU}} Kingdom of Romania |{{flagicon|Ukraine|1918}} West Ukrainian People's Republic{{Clear}}{{flag|Ukrainian People's Republic}} | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1918– 1919 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Ukrainian People's Republic}} |{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} Russian SFSR | | |Victory |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1918– 1919 |{{flagicon|Second Polish Republic}} Poles |{{flag|Weimar Republic}} | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor=#FCE883
|1919 |Government–loyal army |ND | | |Internal conflict
|
| - bgcolor=#E6F7FF
|1919 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}} |{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | | |Indecisive |
| --- bgcolor="#FFC0C0"
|1919 |{{flagicon|Second Polish Republic}} Poles |{{flag|Weimar Republic}} | | |Defeat |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1920 |{{flagicon|Second Polish Republic}} Poles |{{flag|Weimar Republic}} | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#E6F7FF"
|1919– 1921 |{{flagicon|Second Polish Republic}} Poles |{{flag|Weimar Republic}} | | |Ceasefire |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1919– 1921 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}} |{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} Russian SFSR{{Clear}}{{flag|Ukrainian SSR|1919}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Byelorussian SSR|1919}}{{Clear}}{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Polrewkom | | |Victory |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1919– 1920 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}}
|{{flag|Lithuania}} | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor=#FCE883
|1923 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}} | | |Internal conflict
|
| --- bgcolor=#FCE883
|1926 |Government–loyal army |Sanation–loyal army | | |Internal conflict
|
| --- bgcolor=#FCE883
|1932 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}} |Peasants | | |Internal conflict |
Poland during World War II (1939–1945)
{{Main|History of Poland (1939–1945)|Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)}}The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German–Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, the entirety of Poland was occupied by Germany, which proceeded to advance its racial and genocidal policies across Poland.
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1939 |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}} |{{flag|Nazi Germany}}{{Clear}} | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor=#FFC0C0
|1939 |World War II – September Campaign |{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}}{{Clear}} |{{flag|Nazi Germany}}{{Clear}}
{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}} |
|
|Defeat |
| - bgcolor=#E6F7FF
|1939– 1945 |World War II – Polish resistance |{{flagicon|Polish Underground State}} Polish Underground State
|{{flag|Nazi Germany}}{{Clear}}
|
| |Indecisive{{Efn|Success of the Zamość Uprising, partial success of Akcja "Burza"}} |
| - bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|1939– 1945 |{{Flag|Polish government-in-exile}}{{clear}}Allies:
|{{flag|Nazi Germany}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Italy|1861}} | |
|Victory |
| - bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|1943– 1945 |{{flagicon|PPR}} Polish Republic{{Clear}}{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}} |{{flag|Nazi Germany}}{{Clear}}
|
|
|Victory |
Communist Poland (1945–1989)
{{Main|History of Poland (1945–1989)|Polish People's Republic}}
The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side.
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"|
|1939– 1947 |{{flagicon|Polish Underground State}} Polish Underground State{{Clear}} {{flagicon|POL}} Polish People's Republic{{Clear}}{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}} | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.svg}} Ukrainian Insurgent Army{{Clear}}{{flag|Nazi Germany}}{{Clear}}Cursed soldiers | |
|Victory |
| --- bgcolor=#FCE883
|1944–1953 |Anti-communist resistance in Poland |{{flagicon|POL}} Polish People's Republic | |
|Internal conflict
|
| - bgcolor=#E6F7FF
|1945 |{{flagicon|POL}} Polish People's Republic |{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | | |Indecisive |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1949–1955 |{{flag|Soviet Union}}{{Clear}}{{flagicon|POL}} Polish People's Republic |{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{Clear}}{{flag|West Germany}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Sweden}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Denmark}}{{Clear}}{{flag|United States}} | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1968 |26x26px Warsaw Pact:{{Clear}}{{flag|Soviet Union}}{{Clear}}{{flagicon|POL|1928}} People's Republic of Poland{{Clear}}{{flagicon|Hungary}} People's Republic of Hungary{{Clear}}{{flagicon|Bulgaria|1967}} People's Republic of Bulgaria{{Clear}}{{flag|East Germany}} |{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | | |Victory |
Third Polish Republic (1989–present)
{{Main|History of Poland (1989–present)|Third Polish Republic}}
At the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against terrorism on the NATO side.
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Date !Conflict !Belligerents 1 !Belligerents 2 !Leaders !Events !Result |
| - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1990– 1991 |{{plainlist|
}} ---- {{Collapsible list | title = {{flagicon|UN}} Coalition{{nobold|:}} | {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Afghan interim government-in-exile (1988–1992).svg}} Afghan mujahideen{{cite web |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a234743.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412060905/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a234743.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=12 April 2019 |website=apps.dtic.mil |access-date=2018-12-18 |title=Desert Shield And Desert Storm: A Chronology And Troop List for the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf Crisis}} | {{Flag|Argentina}} | {{Flag|Australia}} | {{Flagcountry|State of Bahrain}} | {{Flag|Bangladesh}} | {{Flag|Belgium}} | {{Flag|Canada}} | {{Flagdeco|Czechoslovakia}} Czechoslovakia | {{Flag|Denmark}} | {{Flag|Germany}} | {{Flag|Greece}} | {{Flag|Honduras|1949}} | {{Flag|Hungary}} | {{Flag|Italy}} | {{Flag|Japan|1947}} | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | {{Flag|Morocco}} | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | {{Flag|New Zealand}} | {{Flag|Niger}} | {{Flag|Norway}} | {{Flag|Oman|1970}} | {{Flag|Pakistan}} | {{Flag|Philippines|1936}} | {{Flag|Poland}} | {{Flag|Portugal}} | {{Flag|Qatar}} | {{Flag|Romania}} | {{Flag|Senegal}} | {{Flag|Sierra Leone}} | {{Flag|Singapore}} | {{Flag|South Korea|1984}} | {{Flag|Spain}} | {{Flag|Sweden}} | {{flagcountry|Ba'athist Syria}} | {{Flag|Turkey}} | {{nowrap|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}}}}} |{{flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq}} | | |Coalition victory
|
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"|
|1994–1995 | {{flag|United States}} {{flagdeco|Haiti}} Haitian Opposition {{Collapsible list | expand = | framestyle = | titlestyle = | title = {{nobold|{{flag|CARICOM}}}} | liststyle = | hlist = | bullets = | 1 ={{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} | 2 ={{flag|Bahamas}} | 3 ={{flag|Barbados}} | 4 ={{flag|Belize}} | 5 ={{flag|Guyana}} | 6 ={{flag|Jamaica}} | 7 ={{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} }} |{{flag|Haiti}} | | |US-led coalition victory
|
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|2001–2021 |War on Terror (Main phase) |Main countries:{{unbulleted list | {{flag|United States}} | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | {{flag|Germany}} | {{flag|Italy}} | {{flag|Canada}} | {{flag|France}} | {{flag|Australia}} | {{flag|New Zealand}} | {{flag|Netherlands}} | {{flag|Poland}} | {{flag|Turkey}}}} |Main opponents:{{unbulleted list |{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|size=23px}} Al-Qaeda |{{flag decoration|Islamic State|23px}} Islamic State{{efn|ISIS is sometimes in conflict with and/or fighting against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, see: Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict and ISIS-Taliban conflict}} |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Taliban.svg|size=23px}} First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) |{{flag icon|Ba'athist Iraq}} Ba'athist Iraq{{efn|The Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations are false}} |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Iraqi Ba'athist insurgents}} | | |Victory
|
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|2003 |Coalition of the willing{{blist | {{flag|United States}} | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | {{flag|Australia}} | {{flag|Poland}}}} {{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Kurdistan Region{{blist | {{flagicon image|Flag of the KDP.svg}} KDP | {{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.svg}} PUK}} {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Iraqi National Congress flag (2003).svg}} Iraqi National Congress}}{{blist | {{flagicon image|FIF flag.svg}} Free Iraqi Forces{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A42859-2003Apr6.html |title= U.S. Airlifts Iraqi Exile Force For Duties Near Nasiriyah |newspaper= The Washington Post |date= 7 April 2003 |access-date= 13 September 2009 |first= Bradley |last= Graham |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070808031321/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A42859-2003Apr6.html |archive-date= 8 August 2007 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all }}}} |{{plainlist}}
{{endplainlist}} | | |Victory |
| --- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|2007 |War in Afghanistan (Polish intervention) |{{flag|Poland}}{{Clear}}{{army|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}} | | |Victory |
| - bgcolor=#E6F7FF
|2007 |Iraq War (Polish intervention) |{{flag|United States of America}}{{Clear}}{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Poland}}{{Clear}}{{flagicon|IRQ}} Iraqi Security Forces |{{flagicon image|Flag of Promised Day Brigades.svg}} Mahdi Army | | |Indecisive |
| -- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"|
|2013–2014 |{{flagicon|France|1974}} France{{Clear}}{{flagicon|Mali}} Mali{{Clear}}{{flag|Poland}}{{Clear}}Others |{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Islamic militants | | |Victory |
See also
- {{annotated link|History of the Polish Army}}
- {{annotated link|List of Napoleonic battles}}
- {{annotated link|List of wars involving Germany}}
- {{annotated link|List of wars involving Russia}}
- {{annotated link|List of wars involving Ukraine}}
- {{annotated link|Polish–Ottoman Wars}}
- {{annotated link|List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia|Polish–Russian Wars}}
- {{annotated link|Polish–Swedish wars}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{Cite book |last=Spieralski |first=Zdzisław |url=https://books.google.pl/books/about/Awantury_Mo%C5%82dawskie.html?id=2SEYGQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=Awantury Mołdawskie |date=1967 |publisher=Wiedza Powszechna|language=pl}}
- {{cite book|last=Gąsowski|first=Tomasz|title=Bitwy polskie: leksykon|year=1999|publisher=Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak|location=Kraków|isbn=83-7006-787-5}}
- {{cite book|last1=Kozłowski|first1=Eligiusz|last2=Wrzosek|first2=Mieczysław|title=Historia oręża polskiego 1795–1939|year=1984|publisher=Wiedza Powszechna|location=Warszawa|isbn=83-214-0339-5}}
- {{cite book|last=Lawson |first=M. K. |title=Cnut – England's Viking King |location=Stroud |publisher=Tempus |year=2004 |edition=2nd |isbn=0-7524-2964-7}}
- {{cite book|last1=Nowak|first1=Tadeusz M.|last2=Wimmer|first2=Jan|title=Historia oręża polskiego 963–1795|year=1981|publisher=Wiedza Powszechna|location=Warszawa|isbn=83-214-0133-3}}
- {{cite book |last1=Reuter |first1=Timothy |date=1995 |title=The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, c.900–c.1024 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u-SsbHs5zTAC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521364478 |page=891 |access-date=25 August 2022}}
- {{cite book|last=Sikorski |first=Janusz |title=Zarys historii wojskowości powszechnej do końca wieku XIX|location=Warszawa |publisher=Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej|year=1972|oclc=20835374}}
- [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/21badcbf-0c18-4fb8-8b19-3d382469d25f:JCR Winged Hussars], Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz, BUM Magazine, 2016.
- {{Citation |last=Włodarski |first=Bronisław |title=Polityka ruska Leszka białego |volume=III |year=1927}}
- {{Citation |last=Pashuto |first=Vladimir |title=Внешняя политика Руси |year=1968 |trans-title=The foreign policy of Russia |place=Moscow |publisher=Наука |language=Russian}}
- {{Cite book |last=Urbańczyk |first=Przemysław |url=https://monografie.fnp.org.pl/monografie/images/Files/OVot2GUc8ylbZ5Wf6eTCvsN4aIpPLMwk.pdf |title=Bolesław Chrobry - Lew Ryczący |year=2017 |isbn=9788323138860 |location=Toruń}}
- {{Cite book |last=Koziel |first=Patryk |url=https://ibn.idsi.md/sites/default/files/imag_file/171-187.pdf |title=Wyprawa polska z 1552 roku jako próba odbudowy wpływów politycznych w Mołdawii |publisher=I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Henryka Sienkiewicza w Kołuszkach |year=2021 |language=English |trans-title=The Polish expedition of 1552 as an attempt at reconstruction of political influence in Moldova}}
- {{Cite book |last=Grudziński |first=Tadeusz |url=https://www.universitas.com.pl/pl/ksiazki/1314-boleslaw-smialy-szczodry-i-biskup-stanislaw-dzieje-konfliktu.html |title=Bolesław Śmiały-Szczodry i biskup Stanisław. Dzieje konfliktu |publisher=Universitas Press |year=2010 |isbn=9788324214525 |language=Polish |trans-title=Bolesław the Bold and Bishop Stanisław. A conflict is taking place}}
- {{Cite book |last=Kohn |first=George Childs |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Dictionary_of_Wars/qTDfAQAAQBAJ?hl=pl&gbpv=0 |title=Dictionary of Wars |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2013 |isbn=9781135954949 |edition=2nd |publication-date=31 October 2013 |language=English}}
- {{Cite book |last=Bunar |first=Piotr |url=https://chomikuj.pl/moroshimo/Historia+*c5*9bredniowiecze+i+nowo*c5*bcytna*2c+troch*c4*99+staro*c5*bcytnej/P.+Bunar*2c+S.+Sroka+-+S*c5*82ownik+wojen*2c+bitew+i+potyczek+w+*c5*9bredniowiecznej+Polsce |title=Słownik wojen, bitew i potyczek w średniowiecznej Polsce |last2=Sroka |first2=Stanisław A. |publisher=Universitas Press |year=2004 |isbn=9788370524449 |language=pl |trans-title=Wars, battles and skirmishes in Medieval Poland}}
- {{Cite book |last=Steinhübel |first=Ján |author-link=Ján Steinhübel |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Nitrian_Principality_The_Beginnings/vqUPEAAAQBAJ?hl=pl&gbpv=0 |title=The Nitrian Principality: The Beginnings of Medieval Slovakia |publisher=Brill Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=9789004438637 |publication-date=15 December 2020 |language=en}}
Further reading
{{Main|Bibliography of the history of Poland|Bibliography of Poland during World War II}}
{{Polish wars and conflicts}}
{{Europe topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving European countries}}