Lists of organisms by population

More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species,{{cite book |editor1=Kunin, W.E. |editor2=Gaston, Kevin |title=The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LHnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110|date=31 December 1996 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0412633805 |access-date=26 May 2015 }} that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct.{{cite book |last1=Stearns |first1=Beverly Peterson |last2=Stearns |first2=S. C. |last3=Stearns |first3=Stephen C. |title=Watching, from the Edge of Extinction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BHeC-tXIB4C&q=99+percent |year=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-08469-6|page=preface x |access-date=30 May 2017 }}{{cite news |last=Novacek |first=Michael J. |title=Prehistory's Brilliant Future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/opinion/sunday/prehistorys-brilliant-future.html |date=8 November 2014 |work=New York Times |access-date=2014-12-25 }} Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million,{{cite book|author1=G. Miller|author2=Scott Spoolman |title=Environmental Science - Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYEJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 |date=2012 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-133-70787-5 |page=62 |access-date=2014-12-27 }} of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.{{cite journal |last1=Mora |first1=C. |last2=Tittensor |first2=D.P. |last3=Adl |first3=S. |last4=Simpson |first4=A.G. |last5=Worm |first5=B. |title=How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean? |date=23 August 2011 |journal=PLOS Biology |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127 |pmid=21886479 |pmc=3160336 |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=e1001127 |doi-access=free }} According to another study, the number of described species has been estimated at 1,899,587.{{cite web | url = http://timgostony.com/iisetemp/RetroSOS__FINAL.pdf | title = State of observed species: A decade of species discovery in review | access-date = 2013-01-02 | author = Pennak, Sara | display-authors = etal | date = 18 January 2012 | publisher = International Institute for Species Exploration; Arizona State University | url-status = dead | archive-url = http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121031181854/http%3A//timgostony.com/iisetemp/RetroSOS__FINAL.pdf | archive-date = 31 October 2012 }} 2000–2009 saw approximately 17,000 species described per year. The total number of undescribed organisms is unknown, but marine microbial species alone could number 20,000,000. For this reason, the number of quantified species will always lag behind the number of described species, and species contained in these lists tend to be on the K side of the r/K selection continuum. More recently, in May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described.{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Researchers find that Earth may be home to 1 trillion species |url=https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=138446 |date=2 May 2016 |work=National Science Foundation |access-date=6 May 2016 }} The total number of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 10³⁷ and weighs 50 billion tonnes.{{cite news |last=Nuwer |first=Rachel |author-link=Rachel Nuwer |date=18 July 2015 |title=Counting All the DNA on Earth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/21/science/counting-all-the-dna-on-earth.html |work=The New York Times |location=New York |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=2015-07-18}} In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion [million million] tonnes of carbon).{{cite web |url=http://www.agci.org/classroom/biosphere/index.php |title=The Biosphere: Diversity of Life |author= |work=Aspen Global Change Institute |location=Basalt, CO |access-date=2015-07-19 |archive-date=2014-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110164609/http://www.agci.org/classroom/biosphere/index.php |url-status=dead }} In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth.{{cite news |last=Wade |first=Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas Wade |title=Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/science/last-universal-ancestor.html |date=25 July 2016 |work=New York Times |access-date=25 July 2016 }}

The domain of eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms; however, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Wiebe WJ | title = Prokaryotes: the unseen majority | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 95 | issue = 12 | pages = 6578–6583 | date = June 1998 | pmid = 9618454 | pmc = 33863 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578 | url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/95/12/6578.pdf | bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.6578W | access-date = 16 September 2011 | archive-date = 20 August 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080820171651/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/95/12/6578.pdf | url-status = live | doi-access = free }} Prokaryotes number about 4–6 × 10³⁰ cells and 350–550 Pg of C.{{cite journal | last1=Whitman | first1=William B. | last2=Coleman | first2=David C. | last3=Wiebe | first3=William J. | title=Prokaryotes: The unseen majority | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume=95 | issue=12 | date=1998-06-09 | issn=0027-8424 | doi=10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578 | pages=6578–6583| pmid=9618454 | pmc=33863 | bibcode=1998PNAS...95.6578W | doi-access=free }}

It is estimated that the most numerous bacteria are of a species of the Pelagibacterales (or SAR11) clade, perhaps Pelagibacter ubique, and the most numerous viruses are bacteriophages infecting these species.{{cite journal |author=Erin M. Eggleston |author2=Ian Hewson |author-link2=Ian Hewson |date=2016 |title=Abundance of Two Pelagibacter ubique Bacteriophage Genotypes along a Latitudinal Transect in the North and South Atlantic Oceans |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |volume=7 |page=1534 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2016.01534 |pmc=5039313 |pmid=27733846 |doi-access=free}} It is estimated that the oceans contain about 2.4 × 10²⁸ (24 octillion) SAR11 cells.{{cite web|url=http://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2015/02/the-most-abundant-small-things-considered.html|author=Merry Youle|author2=Gemma Reguera|name-list-style=amp|title=The Most Abundant Small Things Considered|date=February 22, 2015}}

The Deep Carbon Observatory has been exploring living forms in the interior of the Earth. "Life in deep Earth totals 15 to 23 billion tons of carbon".{{Cite web |url=https://phys.org/news/2018-12-life-deep-earth-totals-billion.html |title=Life in deep Earth totals 15 to 23 billion tons of carbon—hundreds of times more than humans |website=phys.org |language=en-us |access-date=2018-12-30}}

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File:Terrestrial biomass.svg

File:Decline-of-the-worlds-wild-mammals.png over the millennia measured in biomass]]

• Mammals by population
• List of even-toed ungulates by population
• List of carnivorans by population
• List of cetaceans by population
• List of bats by population
• List of odd-toed ungulates by population
• List of primates by population
• List of elephant species by population
• List of marsupials by population

• Birds by population
• List of Anseriformes by population
• List of Apodiformes by population
• List of Caprimulgiformes by population
• List of Charadriiformes by population
• List of Ciconiiformes by population
• List of Columbiformes by population
• List of Coraciiformes by population
• List of Cuculiformes by population
• List of Falconiformes by population
• List of Galliformes by population
• The domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), a Galliform, has an estimated population of 23.7 billion,{{cite web |title=Number of chickens worldwide from 1990 to 2018 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/263962/number-of-chickens-worldwide-since-1990/ |website=Statista |access-date=23 February 2020}} which is higher than any other bird.{{cite news |author=UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation |newspaper=The Economist |title=Global Livestock Counts |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/07/global-livestock-counts |date=July 2011 |access-date=July 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715181213/http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/07/global-livestock-counts |archive-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live }}
• List of Gaviiformes by population
• List of Gruiformes by population
• List of Passeriformes by population
• List of Pelecaniformes by population
• List of Phoenicopteriformes by population
• List of Piciformes by population
• List of Podicipediformes by population
• List of Procellariiformes by population
• List of Psittaciformes by population
• List of Sphenisciformes by population
• List of Strigiformes by population
• List of Struthioniformes by population
• List of Tinamiformes by population
• List of Trogoniformes by population

Recent figures indicate that there are more than 1.4 billion insects for each human on the planet,{{cite web |last=Worrall |first=Simon |title=Without Bugs, We Might All Be Dead |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/08/insect-bug-medicine-food-macneal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806113211/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/08/insect-bug-medicine-food-macneal/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 6, 2017 |date=6 August 2017 |work=National Geographic Society |access-date=27 May 2018 }} or roughly 10¹⁹ (10 quintillion) individual living insects on the earth at any given time.{{cite web| title="Numbers of Insects - Species and individuals" | url=https://www.si.edu/spotlight/buginfo/bugnos | work=Smithsonian Institution | access-date=23 Nov 2022}} An article in The New York Times claimed that the world holds 300 pounds of insects for every pound of humans. Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. Their population is estimated as between 10¹⁶–10¹⁷ (10-100 quadrillion).Embery, Joan and Lucaire, Ed (1983) Collection of Amazing Animal Facts. With an estimated 20 quadrillion ants their biomass comes to 12 megatons of dry carbon, which is more than all wild birds and non-human mammals combined.{{cite web | title=How many ants are on Earth? 20 quadrillion, study says | website=France 24 | date=September 19, 2022 | url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220919-how-many-ants-are-on-earth-20-quadrillion-study-says | access-date=September 19, 2022}}{{cite news | last=Grandoni | first=Dino | title=How many ants are crawling the Earth? Nearly 20 quadrillion, scientists say. | newspaper=Washington Post | date=September 19, 2022 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/09/19/ants-population-20-quadrillion/ | access-date=September 19, 2022}}{{cite journal| author=Schultheiss P, Nooten SS, Wang R, Wong MKL, Brassard F, Guénard B| title=The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth. | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | year= 2022 | volume= 119 | issue= 40 | pages= e2201550119 | pmid=36122199 | doi=10.1073/pnas.2201550119 | doi-access=free | pmc=9546634 | bibcode=2022PNAS..11901550S }}

According to NASA in 2005, there were over 400 billion trees on our globe.{{cite web|url=http://h.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=96758439|title=Going Out On A Limb With A Tree-Person Ratio : Krulwich Wonders... : NPR}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} However, more recently, in 2015, using better methods, the global tree count has been estimated at 3 trillion.{{cite journal |last=Ehrenberg |first=Rachel |title=Global count reaches 3 trillion trees - Approach combines ground-based surveys with satellite imaging to find higher density than anticipated. |url=http://www.nature.com/news/global-count-reaches-3-trillion-trees-1.18287 |date=2 September 2015 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2015.18287 |s2cid=189415504 |access-date=28 November 2015 |url-access=subscription }} Other studies show that the Amazonian forest alone yields approximately 430 billion trees.{{Cite web |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/105/suppl.1/11498.full |title=How many tree species are there in the Amazon and how many of them will go extinct? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326094239/http://www.pnas.org/content/105/suppl.1/11498.full |archive-date=26 March 2012}} Extrapolations from data compiled over a period of 10 years suggest that greater Amazonia, which includes the Amazon Basin and the Guiana Shield, harbors around 390 billion individual trees.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-10/fm-fms101413.php|title=Field Museum scientists estimate 16,000 tree species in the Amazon|website=EurekAlert!}}

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• Biomass (ecology)
• Largest organisms
• List of longest-living organisms
• List of organisms by chromosome count
• Lists of animals
• Lists of extinct animals
• Lists of mammals by population
• World population (humans)
• List of birds by population
• Primary production
• Smallest organisms
• The world's 100 most threatened species
• Latitudinal gradients in species diversity

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{{list of lists |species |listcat=Lists by population (non-human)}}

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Category:Biology-related lists

Category:Lists of biota