List of organisms by chromosome count

! class="numeric" | Chromosome number

! class="unsortable" | Picture

! class="unsortable" | Karyotype

! class="unsortable" | Notes

! class="unsortable" | Source

| {{sort|02|2/1}} || 100px ||

| 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible. Other ant species have more chromosomes.

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Crosland MW, Crozier RH | title = Myrmecia pilosula, an Ant with Only One Pair of Chromosomes | journal = Science | volume = 231 | issue = 4743 | page = 1278 | date = March 1986 | pmid = 17839565 | doi = 10.1126/science.231.4743.1278 | s2cid = 25465053 | bibcode = 1986Sci...231.1278C }}

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|2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible.{{Cite journal |last=Debec |first=Alain |last2=Peronnet |first2=Romain |last3=Lang |first3=Michael |last4=Molet |first4=Mathieu |date=2024-07-22 |title=Primary cell cultures from the single-chromosome ant Myrmecia croslandi |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39034331/ |journal=Chromosome Research: An International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=10 |doi=10.1007/s10577-024-09755-x |issn=1573-6849 |pmid=39034331}}

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| {{sort|04|4–14}}

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| Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are typically haplodiploid (males are haploid, while females are diploid)

|{{cite journal| vauthors = Helle W, Bolland HR, Gutierrez J |title=Minimal chromosome number in false spider mites (Tenuipalpidae)|journal=Experientia|year=1972|volume=28|issue=6|doi=10.1007/BF01944992|page=707|s2cid=29547273}}

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|{{Cite journal |vauthors=Michailova P |year=1976 |title=Cytotaxonomical Diagnostics of Species from the Genus Cricotopus (Chironomidae, Diptera) |journal=Caryologia |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=291–306 |doi=10.1080/00087114.1976.10796669 |doi-access=free}}

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|{{Cite journal| vauthors = Körner WH |year=1952|title=Untersuchungen über die Gehäusebildung bei Appendicularien (Oikopleura dioica Fol)|journal=Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere|volume=41|issue=1|pages=1–53|jstor=43261846|doi=10.1007/BF00407623|s2cid=19101198}}

| {{sort|06|6}}

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| The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana, which has 2n=8.

|{{Cite book |vauthors=Giannelli F, Hall JC, Dunlap JC, Friedmann T |title=Advances in Genetics, Volume 41 (Advances in Genetics) |publisher=Academic Press |location=Boston |year=1999 |page=2 |isbn=978-0-12-017641-0}}

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|2n = 6 for females and 7 for males. The lowest diploid chromosomal number in mammals.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang W, Lan H | title = Rapid and parallel chromosomal number reductions in muntjac deer inferred from mitochondrial DNA phylogeny | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 17 | issue = 9 | pages = 1326–33 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 10958849 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026416 | doi-access = free }}

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Wurster DH, Benirschke K | title = Indian muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak: a deer with a low diploid chromosome number | journal = Science | volume = 168 | issue = 3937 | pages = 1364–6 | date = June 1970 | pmid = 5444269 | doi = 10.1126/science.168.3937.1364 | bibcode = 1970Sci...168.1364W | name-list-style = amp | s2cid = 45371297 }}

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| 6 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex)

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{{cite web

|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9554

|title=Drosophila Genome Project

|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information

|access-date=2009-04-14

}}

| {{sort|08|8}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Zadesenets KS, Vizoso DB, Schlatter A, Konopatskaia ID, Berezikov E, Schärer L, Rubtsov NB | title = Evidence for Karyotype Polymorphism in the Free-Living Flatworm, Macrostomum lignano, a Model Organism for Evolutionary and Developmental Biology | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | pages = e0164915 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27755577 | pmc = 5068713 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0164915 | bibcode = 2016PLoSO..1164915Z | doi-access = free }}

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| {{sort|09|9}}

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| Typically haploid with dominant gametophyte stage. 8 autosomes and 1 allosome (sex chromosome). The sex-determination system used by this species and most other bryophytes is called UV. Spores can carry either the U chromosome, which results in female gametophytes, or the V chromosome, which results in males. The chromosome number n = 9 is the basic number in many species of Marchantiales. In some species of Marchantiales, plants with various ploidy levels (having 18 or 27 chromosomes) were reported, but this is rare in nature.

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{{cite journal

|journal=Plant & Cell Physiology

|doi=10.1093/pcp/pcv192

|title=Marchantia polymorpha: Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Morphology of a Model System

|year=2016

|last1=Shimamura

|first1=Masaki

|volume=57

|issue=2

|pages=230–256

|pmid=26657892

|doi-access=free

}}

| 10

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| {{sort|10|10/11}}

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| 11 for male, 10 for female

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{{cite journal |vauthors=Toder R, O'Neill RJ, Wienberg J, O'Brien PC, Voullaire L, Marshall-Graves JA |title=Comparative chromosome painting between two marsupials: origins of an XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosome system |journal=Mammalian Genome |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=418–22 |date=June 1997 |pmid=9166586 |doi=10.1007/s003359900459 |s2cid=12515691}}

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| This species can have more B chromosomes than A chromosomes at times, but 2n=4.

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Leach CR, Donald TM, Franks TK, Spiniello SS, Hanrahan CF, Timmis JN | title = Organisation and origin of a B chromosome centromeric sequence from Brachycome dichromosomatica | journal = Chromosoma | volume = 103 | issue = 10 | pages = 708–14 | date = July 1995 | pmid = 7664618 | doi = 10.1007/BF00344232 | s2cid = 12246995 }}

| {{sort|11|12/11}}

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| 12 for hermaphrodites, 11 for males

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| 12

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Fujito S, Takahata S, Suzuki R, Hoshino Y, Ohmido N, Onodera Y |title=Evidence for a Common Origin of Homomorphic and Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes in Distinct Spinacia Species |journal=G3 |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=1663–73 |date=June 2015 |pmid=26048564 |pmc=4528323 |doi=10.1534/g3.115.018671}}

| 12

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Patlolla AK, Berry A, May L, Tchounwou PB |title=Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in Vicia faba: a pilot study on the environmental monitoring of nanoparticles |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=1649–62 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22754463 |pmc=3386578 |doi=10.3390/ijerph9051649 |doi-access=free}}

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| 10 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex) chromosomes. Males have XY sex chromosomes and females have XX sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are the largest chromosomes and constitute 30% of the total length of the diploid set in females and about 25% in males.

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Sbilordo SH, Martin OY, Ward PI |title=The karyotype of the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria, a model organism in studies of sexual selection |journal=Journal of Insect Science |volume=10 |issue=118 |pages=1–11 |year=2010 |pmid=20874599 |pmc=3016996 |doi=10.1673/031.010.11801}}

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{{cite web |url=http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_02/dictyostelium.shtml |title=First of six chromosomes sequenced in Dictyostelium discoideum |publisher=Genome News Network |access-date=2009-04-29}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Cheng C, Li J, Yang S, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen J, Lou Q | display-authors = 6 | title = Chromosomal structures and repetitive sequences divergence in Cucumis species revealed by comparative cytogenetic mapping | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | page = 730 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26407707 | pmc = 4583154 | doi = 10.1186/s12864-015-1877-6 | doi-access = free }}

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| 14

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| {{Rp|page=108}}

| 14

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| {{Rp|page=172}}

| 14

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Schubert V, Ruban A, Houben A |title=Chromatin Ring Formation at Plant Centromeres |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=7 |page=28 |year=2016 |pmid=26913037 |pmc=4753331 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2016.00028 |doi-access=free}}

| 14

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| The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 14 with four pair of long acrocentric chromosomes ranging from 14.4 μm to 17.9 μm and three pair of short sub metacentric chromosomes ranging from 4.6 μm to 5.4 μm.

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Haque SM, Ghosh B | title = High frequency microcloning of Aloe vera and their true-to-type conformity by molecular cytogenetic assessment of two years old field growing regenerated plants | journal = Botanical Studies | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | page = 46 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 28510900 | pmc = 5430365 | doi = 10.1186/1999-3110-54-46 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2013BotSt..54...46H }}

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| 16

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|This includes several members of genus Macropus, but not the red kangaroo (M. rufus, 20)

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Rofe RH |date=December 1978 |title= G-banded chromosomes and the evolution of macropodidae |journal= Australian Mammalogy |volume= 2 |pages= 50–63 |doi=10.1071/AM78007 |s2cid=254728517 |issn= 0310-0049 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=N_ifwszrgFsC&pg=PA53}}

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|{{Cite journal| vauthors = Colombera D|year=1974|title=Chromosome number within the class Ascidiacea|journal=Marine Biology|volume=26|issue=1|pages=63–68|doi=10.1007/BF00389087|bibcode=1974MarBi..26...63C |s2cid=84189212}}

| 16

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| 2n=16. 7 autosomal pairs and ZW sex-determination pair.

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Berriman M, Haas BJ, LoVerde PT, Wilson RA, Dillon GP, Cerqueira GC, Mashiyama ST, Al-Lazikani B, Andrade LF, Ashton PD, Aslett MA, Bartholomeu DC, Blandin G, Caffrey CR, Coghlan A, Coulson R, Day TA, Delcher A, DeMarco R, Djikeng A, Eyre T, Gamble JA, Ghedin E, Gu Y, Hertz-Fowler C, Hirai H, Hirai Y, Houston R, Ivens A, Johnston DA, Lacerda D, Macedo CD, McVeigh P, Ning Z, Oliveira G, Overington JP, Parkhill J, Pertea M, Pierce RJ, Protasio AV, Quail MA, Rajandream MA, Rogers J, Sajid M, Salzberg SL, Stanke M, Tivey AR, White O, Williams DL, Wortman J, Wu W, Zamanian M, Zerlotini A, Fraser-Liggett CM, Barrell BG, El-Sayed NM |display-authors=6 |title=The genome of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni |journal=Nature |volume=460 |issue=7253 |pages=352–8 |date=July 2009 |pmid=19606141 |pmc=2756445 |doi=10.1038/nature08160 |bibcode=2009Natur.460..352B}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagaki K, Yamamoto M, Yamaji N, Mukai Y, Murata M | title = Chromosome dynamics visualized with an anti-centromeric histone H3 antibody in Allium | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 12 | pages = e51315 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23236469 | pmc = 3517398 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0051315 | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...751315N | doi-access = free }}

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| According to the observation of embryonic cells of egg, chromosome number of the itch mite is either 17 or 18. While the cause for the disparate numbers is unknown, it may arise because of an XO sex determination mechanism, where males (2n=17) lack the sex chromosome and therefore have one less chromosome than the female (2n=18).

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Mounsey KE, Willis C, Burgess ST, Holt DC, McCarthy J, Fischer K | title = Quantitative PCR-based genome size estimation of the astigmatid mites Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus | journal = Parasites & Vectors | volume = 5 | page = 3 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22214472 | pmc = 3274472 | doi = 10.1186/1756-3305-5-3 | doi-access = free }}

| 18

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| {{Rp|page=60}}

| 18

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| The genus Daucus includes around 25 species. D. carota has nine chromosome pairs (2n = 2x = 18). D. capillifolius, D. sahariensis and D. syrticus are the other members of the genus with 2n = 18, whereas D. muricatus (2n = 20) and D. pusillus (2n = 22) have a slightly higher chromosome number. A few polyploid species as for example D. glochidiatus (2n = 4x = 44) and D. montanus (2n = 6x = 66) also exist.

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Dunemann F, Schrader O, Budahn H, Houben A | title = Characterization of centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) variants in cultivated and wild carrots (Daucus sp.) | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | pages = e98504 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24887084 | pmc = 4041860 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0098504 | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...998504D | doi-access = free }}

| 18

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|Broccoli, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower are all the same species and have the same chromosome number.{{Rp|page=49}}

| {{Rp|page=49}}

| 18

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| Chromosome number of the genus Citrus, which including lemons, oranges, grapefruit, pomelo and limes, is 2n = 18.{{cite journal| vauthors = Guerra M, Pedrosa A, Cornélio MT, Santos K, Soares Filho WD | title=Chromosome number and secondary constriction variation in 51 accessions of a citrus germplasm bank | journal=Brazilian Journal of Genetics | year= 1997 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 489–496| doi=10.1590/S0100-84551997000300021 | doi-access=free}}

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Hynniewta M, Malik SK, Rao SR |title=Karyological studies in ten species of Citrus(Linnaeus, 1753) (Rutaceae) of North-East India |journal=Comparative Cytogenetics |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=277–87 |year=2011 |pmid=24260635 |pmc=3833788 |doi=10.3897/CompCytogen.v5i4.1796 |doi-access=free}}

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|Souza, Margarete Magalhães, Telma N. Santana Pereira, and Maria Lúcia Carneiro Vieira. "Cytogenetic studies in some species of Passiflora L.(Passifloraceae): a review emphasizing Brazilian species." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51.2 (2008): 247–258. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132008000200003

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Nani TF, Cenzi G, Pereira DL, Davide LC, Techio VH | title = Ribosomal DNA in diploid and polyploid Setaria (Poaceae) species: number and distribution | journal = Comparative Cytogenetics | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 645–60 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26753080 | pmc = 4698577 | doi = 10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i4.5456 | doi-access = free }}

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| {{Rp|page=128}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Matsuda Y, Uno Y, Kondo M, Gilchrist MJ, Zorn AM, Rokhsar DS, Schmid M, Taira M |display-authors=6 |title=A New Nomenclature of Xenopus laevis Chromosomes Based on the Phylogenetic Relationship to Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis |journal=Cytogenetic and Genome Research |volume=145 |issue=3–4 |pages=187–91 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25871511 |doi=10.1159/000381292 |s2cid=207626597 |url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/19674}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Kondo K |title=Chromosome Numbers of Carnivorous Plants |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |date=May 1969 |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=322–328 |doi=10.2307/2483737 |jstor=2483737}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=da Silva RA, Souza G, Lemos LS, Lopes UV, Patrocínio NG, Alves RM, Marcellino LH, Clement D, Micheli F, Gramacho KP |display-authors=6 |title=Genome size, cytogenetic data and transferability of EST-SSRs markers in wild and cultivated species of the genus Theobroma L. (Byttnerioideae, Malvaceae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=e0170799 |year=2017 |pmid=28187131 |pmc=5302445 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0170799 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1270799D |doi-access=free}}

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| Although some contradictory cases have been reported, the large homogeneity of the chromosome number 2n = 22 is now known for 135 (33.5%) distinct species among genus Eucalyptus.{{cite journal| vauthors = Oudjehih B, Abdellah B | title=Chromosome numbers of the 59 species of Eucalyptus L'Herit. (Myrtaceae). | journal= Caryologia | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 207–212 | doi=10.1080/00087114.2006.10797916 | doi-access= free}}

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Balasaravanan T, Chezhian P, Kamalakannan R, Ghosh M, Yasodha R, Varghese M, Gurumurthi K | title = Determination of inter- and intra-species genetic relationships among six Eucalyptus species based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) | journal = Tree Physiology | volume = 25 | issue = 10 | pages = 1295–302 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16076778 | doi = 10.1093/treephys/25.10.1295 | doi-access = free }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Biggers JD, Fritz HI, Hare WC, Mcfeely RA | title = Chromosomes of American Marsupials | journal = Science | volume = 148 | issue = 3677 | pages = 1602–3 | date = June 1965 | pmid = 14287602 | doi = 10.1126/science.148.3677.1602 | s2cid = 46617910 | bibcode = 1965Sci...148.1602B }}

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| All species in the genus Phaseolus have the same chromosome number, including common bean (P. vulgaris), runner bean (P. coccineus), tepary bean (P. acutifolius) and lima bean (P. lunatus).{{Rp|page=168}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Argyris JM, Ruiz-Herrera A, Madriz-Masis P, Sanseverino W, Morata J, Pujol M, Ramos-Onsins SE, Garcia-Mas J | display-authors = 6 | title = Use of targeted SNP selection for an improved anchoring of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) scaffold genome assembly | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 16 | page = 4 | date = January 2015 | issue = 1 | pmid = 25612459 | pmc = 4316794 | doi = 10.1186/s12864-014-1196-3 | doi-access = free }}

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| {{Rp|page=98}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Heiser CB, Whitaker TW |title=Chromosome number, polyploidy, and growth habit in California weeds |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=179–86 |date=March 1948 |pmid=18909963 |doi=10.2307/2438241 |jstor=2438241}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Ivanova D, Vladimirov V |year=2007 |title=Chromosome numbers of some woody species from the Bulgarian flora |url=http://www.bio.bas.bg/~phytolbalcan/PDF/13_2/13_2_09_Ivanova_&_Vladimirov.pdf |journal=Phytologia Balcanica |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=205–207}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Staginnus C, Gregor W, Mette MF, Teo CH, Borroto-Fernández EG, Machado ML, Matzke M, Schwarzacher T |display-authors=6 |title=Endogenous pararetroviral sequences in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and related species |journal=BMC Plant Biology |volume=7 |page=24 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17517142 |pmc=1899175 |doi=10.1186/1471-2229-7-24 |doi-access=free}}

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|{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02017.x |volume=100 |issue=6 |title=Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fagus sylvatica |year=2012 |journal=Journal of Ecology |pages=1557–1608 |vauthors=Packham JR, Thomas PA, Atkinson MD, Degen T |bibcode=2012JEcol.100.1557P |s2cid=85095298}}

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|{{cite book |vauthors=Abrams L |title=Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Volume 3. |year=1951 |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=866}}{{cite book| vauthors = Stace C |author-link = Clive Stace|title=New Flora of the British Isles. | edition = Second |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge, UK|page=1130}}

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|Zaldoš V, Papeš D, Brown SC, Panaus O, Šiljak-Yakovlev S (1998) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233747559_Genome_size_and_base_composition_of_seven_Quercus_species_Inter-_and_intra-population_variation Genome size and base composition of seven Quercus species: inter- and intra-population variation.] Genome, 41: 162–168.

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| Edible frog is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog and the marsh frog.{{cite journal | vauthors = Doležálková M, Sember A, Marec F, Ráb P, Plötner J, Choleva L | title = Is premeiotic genome elimination an exclusive mechanism for hemiclonal reproduction in hybrid males of the genus Pelophylax? | journal = BMC Genetics | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | page = 100 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27368375 | pmc = 4930623 | doi = 10.1186/s12863-016-0408-z | doi-access = free }}

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Zaleśna A, Choleva L, Ogielska M, Rábová M, Marec F, Ráb P |title=Evidence for integrity of parental genomes in the diploid hybridogenetic water frog Pelophylax esculentus by genomic in situ hybridization |journal=Cytogenetic and Genome Research |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=206–12 |year=2011 |pmid=21555873 |doi=10.1159/000327716 |s2cid=452336}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Keinath MC, Timoshevskiy VA, Timoshevskaya NY, Tsonis PA, Voss SR, Smith JJ | title = Initial characterization of the large genome of the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum using shotgun and laser capture chromosome sequencing | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 5 | page = 16413 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26553646 | pmc = 4639759 | doi = 10.1038/srep16413 | bibcode = 2015NatSR...516413K }}

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| 26 autosomes and varying number of the sex chromosomes from three (X₁X₂Y) to 21 (X₁X₂Y+18 extra Xs).{{cite journal | vauthors = Sadílek D, Angus RB, Šťáhlavský F, Vilímová J | title = Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae) | journal = Comparative Cytogenetics | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–752 | year = 2016 | pmid = 28123691 | pmc = 5240521 | doi = 10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i4.10681 | doi-access = free }}

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|{{Cite journal |vauthors=Achar KP |title=Analysis of male meiosis in seven species of Indian pill-millipede |journal=Caryologia |volume=39 |year=1986 |issue=39 |pages=89–101 |doi=10.1080/00087114.1986.10797770 |doi-access=free}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang L, Nesterenko A, Nie W, Wang J, Su W, Graphodatsky AS, Yang F | title = Karyotype evolution of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) revealed by cross-species chromosome painting with Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and human (Homo sapiens) paints | journal = Cytogenetic and Genome Research | volume = 122 | issue = 2 | pages = 132–8 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19096208 | doi = 10.1159/000163090 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23677169 | s2cid = 6674957 }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Sola-Campoy PJ, Robles F, Schwarzacher T, Ruiz Rejón C, de la Herrán R, Navajas-Pérez R | title = The Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Suggests the Arrest of Recombination in the Largest Heteropycnotic Pair HC1 | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | pages = e0143861 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26633808 | pmc = 4669136 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0143861 | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1043861S | doi-access = free }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim SR, Kwak W, Kim H, Caetano-Anolles K, Kim KY, Kim SB, Choi KH, Kim SW, Hwang JS, Kim M, Kim I, Goo TW, Park SW | display-authors = 6 | title = Genome sequence of the Japanese oak silk moth, Antheraea yamamai: the first draft genome in the family Saturniidae | journal = GigaScience | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–11 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 29186418 | pmc = 5774507 | doi = 10.1093/gigascience/gix113 | url = }}

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| 32 for females (2n = 32), males are haploid and thus have 16 (1n =16).

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Gempe T, Hasselmann M, Schiøtt M, Hause G, Otte M, Beye M | title = Sex determination in honeybees: two separate mechanisms induce and maintain the female pathway | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 10 | pages = e1000222 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19841734 | pmc = 2758576 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000222 | doi-access = free }}

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| Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n=4x=32. Wild relatives have 2n=16.{{rp|165}}

|{{Cite book |title=Evolution of crop plants |publisher=Longman |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-582-44496-6 |editor=Simmonds, NW |location=New York}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}{{Rp|page=165}}

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| Plus 0-8 B chromosomes.

|{{cite journal |last1=Rubtsov |first1=Nikolai B. |title=The Fox Gene Map |journal=ILAR |volume=39 |issue=2–3 |pages=182–188 |date=1 April 1998 |doi=10.1093/ilar.39.2-3.182 |pmid=11528077 |doi-access=free}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Feng J, Liu Z, Cai X, Jan CC | title = Toward a molecular cytogenetic map for cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by landed BAC/BIBAC clones | journal = G3 | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–40 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23316437 | pmc = 3538341 | doi = 10.1534/g3.112.004846 }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Giorgi D, Pandozy G, Farina A, Grosso V, Lucretti S, Gennaro A, Crinò P, Saccardo F | display-authors = 6 | title = First detailed karyo-morphological analysis and molecular cytological study of leafy cardoon and globe artichoke, two multi-use Asteraceae crops | journal = Comparative Cytogenetics | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 447–463 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27830052 | pmc = 5088355 | doi = 10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i3.9469 | doi-access = free }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = An F, Fan J, Li J, Li QX, Li K, Zhu W, Wen F, Carvalho LJ, Chen S | display-authors = 6 | title = Comparison of leaf proteomes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivar NZ199 diploid and autotetraploid genotypes | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = e85991 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24727655 | pmc = 3984080 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0085991 | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...985991A | doi-access = free }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Perelman PL, Graphodatsky AS, Dragoo JW, Serdyukova NA, Stone G, Cavagna P, Menotti A, Nie W, O'Brien PC, Wang J, Burkett S, Yuki K, Roelke ME, O'Brien SJ, Yang F, Stanyon R | display-authors = 6 | title = Chromosome painting shows that skunks (Mephitidae, Carnivora) have highly rearranged karyotypes | journal = Chromosome Research | volume = 16 | issue = 8 | pages = 1215–31 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19051045 | doi = 10.1007/s10577-008-1270-2 | s2cid = 952184 }}

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| a type of marten

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Dowling HG, Price RM | title = A proposed new genus for Elaphe subocularis and Elaphe rosaliae. | journal = The Snake | date = 1988 | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–63 | url = http://dustyrhoads.x10host.com/Dusty_Rhoads_-_snake_biology/Publications_files/bogertophis_genus_dowling_and_price_1988.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029225046/http://dustyrhoads.x10host.com/Dusty_Rhoads_-_snake_biology/Publications_files/bogertophis_genus_dowling_and_price_1988.pdf | archive-date = 29 October 2014 }}

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|{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=R. J. |last2=Bull |first2=J. J. |last3=Mengden |first3=G. A. |date=1971 |title=Chromosomes ofElaphe subocularis (Reptilia: Serpentes), with the description of an in vivo technique for preparation of snake chromosomes |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02286946 |journal=Experientia |language=en |volume=27 |issue=10 |pages=1228–1229 |doi=10.1007/BF02286946}}

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|[http://research.jax.org/grs/type/chromosomal_abberati.html The Jackson Laboratory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125072215/http://research.jax.org/grs/type/chromosomal_abberati.html |date=2013-01-25}}: "Mice with chromosomal aberrations".

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| {{Rp|page=7}}

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| Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40). Its closest relatives are the diploid (2n = 2x = 20).

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Milla SR, Isleib TG, Stalker HT | title = Taxonomic relationships among Arachis sect. Arachis species as revealed by AFLP markers | journal = Genome | volume = 48 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–11 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15729391 | doi = 10.1139/g04-089 }}

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|This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var. durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28.{{Rp|page=120}}

| {{Rp|page=120}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Moore CM, Dunn BG, McMahan CA, Lane MA, Roth GS, Ingram DK, Mattison JA |title=Effects of calorie restriction on chromosomal stability in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |journal=Age |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=15–28 |date=March 2007 |pmid=19424827 |pmc=2267682 |doi=10.1007/s11357-006-9016-6}}

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|{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCF_000001895.5|title=Rnor_6.0 - Assembly - NCBI|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}

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| This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist.{{Rp|page=87}}

| {{Rp|page=87}}

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|{{cite journal| vauthors = Diupotex-Chong ME, Ocaña-Luna A, Sánchez-Ramírez M |title=Chromosome analysis of Linné, 1758 (Scyphozoa: Ulmaridae), southern Gulf of Mexico|journal=Marine Biology Research|date=July 2009|volume=5|issue=4|pages=399–403|doi=10.1080/17451000802534907|s2cid=84514554}}

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| Out of the 103 species in the genus Coffea, arabica coffee is the only tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 44), the remaining species being diploid with 2n = 2x = 22.{{cite journal | vauthors = Geleta M, Herrera I, Monzón A, Bryngelsson T | title = Genetic diversity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Nicaragua as estimated by simple sequence repeat markers | journal = TheScientificWorldJournal | volume = 2012 | page = 939820 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22701376 | pmc = 3373144 | doi = 10.1100/2012/939820 | doi-access = free }}

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| 44 autosomal. and 2 allosomic (sex)

|{{cite web

|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=9558

|title=Human Genome Project

|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information

|access-date=2009-04-29

}}

(Olea Europaea)

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|{{Cite journal|last1=Gallagher|first1=D. S.|last2=Davis|first2=S. K.|last3=De Donato|first3=M.|last4=Burzlaff|first4=J. D.|last5=Womack|first5=J. E.|last6=Taylor|first6=J. F.|last7=Kumamoto|first7=A. T.|date=November 1998|title=A karyotypic analysis of nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9886771/|journal=Chromosome Research|volume=6|issue=7|pages=505–513|doi=10.1023/a:1009268917856|issn=0967-3849|pmid=9886771|s2cid=21120780}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Kao D, Lai AG, Stamataki E, Rosic S, Konstantinides N, Jarvis E, Di Donfrancesco A, Pouchkina-Stancheva N, Sémon M, Grillo M, Bruce H, Kumar S, Siwanowicz I, Le A, Lemire A, Eisen MB, Extavour C, Browne WE, Wolff C, Averof M, Patel NH, Sarkies P, Pavlopoulos A, Aboobaker A | display-authors = 6 | title = The genome of the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, a model for animal development, regeneration, immunity and lignocellulose digestion | journal = eLife | volume = 5 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27849518 | pmc = 5111886 | doi = 10.7554/eLife.20062 | doi-access = free }}

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| Cultivated species N. tabacum is an amphidiploid (2n=4x=48) evolved through the interspecific hybridization of the ancestors of N. sylvestris (2n=2x=24, maternal donor) and N. tomentosiformis (2n=2x=24, paternal donor) about 200,000 years ago.

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Sierro N, Battey JN, Ouadi S, Bakaher N, Bovet L, Willig A, Goepfert S, Peitsch MC, Ivanov NV |display-authors=6 |title=The tobacco genome sequence and its comparison with those of tomato and potato |journal=Nature Communications |volume=5 |page=3833 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24807620 |pmc=4024737 |doi=10.1038/ncomms4833 |bibcode=2014NatCo...5.3833S}}

| 48

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|This is for common potato Solanum tuberosum (tetraploid, 2n = 4x = 48). Other cultivated potato species may be diploid (2n = 2x = 24), triploid (2n = 3x = 36), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48), or pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60). Wild relatives mostly have 2n=24.{{Rp|page=279}}

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Machida-Hirano R | title = Diversity of potato genetic resources | journal = Breeding Science | volume = 65 | issue = 1 | pages = 26–40 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25931978 | pmc = 4374561 | doi = 10.1270/jsbbs.65.26 }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Robinson TJ, Yang F, Harrison WR | title = Chromosome painting refines the history of genome evolution in hares and rabbits (order Lagomorpha) | journal = Cytogenetic and Genome Research | volume = 96 | issue = 1–4 | pages = 223–7 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12438803 | doi = 10.1159/000063034 | s2cid = 19327437 }}{{Cite book |url=http://wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org/s/00Ref/BooksContents/b605.htm |title=Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |section=4.W4 |pages=61–94 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505143212/http://wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org/S/00Ref/BooksContents/b605.htm |archive-date=2011-05-05}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Young WJ, Merz T, Ferguson-Smith MA, Johnston AW | title = Chromosome number of the chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes | journal = Science | volume = 131 | issue = 3414 | pages = 1672–3 | date = June 1960 | pmid = 13846659 | doi = 10.1126/science.131.3414.1672 | s2cid = 36235641 | bibcode = 1960Sci...131.1672Y }}

| 48

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Postlethwait JH, Woods IG, Ngo-Hazelett P, Yan YL, Kelly PD, Chu F, Huang H, Hill-Force A, Talbot WS |display-authors=6 |title=Zebrafish comparative genomics and the origins of vertebrate chromosomes |journal=Genome Research |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=1890–902 |date=December 2000 |pmid=11116085 |doi=10.1101/gr.164800 |doi-access=free}}

| 48

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|{{cite journal |author1=Anna Grzesiakowska |author2=Przemysław Baran |author3=Marta Kuchta-Gładysz |author4=Olga Szeleszczuk |year=2019 |title=Cytogenetic Karyotype Analysis in Selected Species of the Erinaceidae Family |journal=Journal of Veterinary Research |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=353–358 |doi=10.2478/jvetres-2019-0041 |pmc=6749745 |pmid=31572815}}

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|{{cite journal |author1=Anna Grzesiakowska |author2=Przemysław Baran |author3=Marta Kuchta-Gładysz |author4=Olga Szeleszczuk |year=2019 |title=Cytogenetic Karyotype Analysis in Selected Species of the Erinaceidae Family |journal=Journal of Veterinary Research |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=353–358 |doi=10.2478/jvetres-2019-0041 |pmc=6749745 |pmid=31572815}}

| 50

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| {{Rp|page=15}}

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|Ten sex chromosomes. Males have X₁Y₁X₂Y₂X₃Y₃X₄Y₄X₅Y₅, females have X₁X₁X₂X₂X₃X₃X₄X₄X₅X₅.{{cite book | vauthors = Brien S | title=Atlas of mammalian chromosomes | publisher=Wiley-Liss | location=Hoboken, NJ | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-471-35015-6 | page=2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_RNmnNgEYcC&pg=PA2}}

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Warren WC, Hillier LW, Marshall Graves JA, Birney E, Ponting CP, Grützner F, Belov K, Miller W, Clarke L, Chinwalla AT, Yang SP, Heger A, Locke DP, Miethke P, Waters PD, Veyrunes F, Fulton L, Fulton B, Graves T, Wallis J, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Ordóñez GR, Eichler EE, Chen L, Cheng Z, Deakin JE, Alsop A, Thompson K, Kirby P, Papenfuss AT, Wakefield MJ, Olender T, Lancet D, Huttley GA, Smit AF, Pask A, Temple-Smith P, Batzer MA, Walker JA, Konkel MK, Harris RS, Whittington CM, Wong ES, Gemmell NJ, Buschiazzo E, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Merkel A, Schmitz J, Zemann A, Churakov G, Kriegs JO, Brosius J, Murchison EP, Sachidanandam R, Smith C, Hannon GJ, Tsend-Ayush E, McMillan D, Attenborough R, Rens W, Ferguson-Smith M, Lefèvre CM, Sharp JA, Nicholas KR, Ray DA, Kube M, Reinhardt R, Pringle TH, Taylor J, Jones RC, Nixon B, Dacheux JL, Niwa H, Sekita Y, Huang X, Stark A, Kheradpour P, Kellis M, Flicek P, Chen Y, Webber C, Hardison R, Nelson J, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Delehaunty K, Markovic C, Minx P, Feng Y, Kremitzki C, Mitreva M, Glasscock J, Wylie T, Wohldmann P, Thiru P, Nhan MN, Pohl CS, Smith SM, Hou S, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Renfree MB, Mardis ER, Wilson RK |display-authors=6 |title=Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution |journal=Nature |volume=453 |issue=7192 |pages=175–83 |date=May 2008 |pmid=18464734 |pmc=2803040 |doi=10.1038/nature06936 |bibcode=2008Natur.453..175W}}

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| This is for the cultivated species G. hirsutum (allotetraploid, 2n=4x=52). This species accounts for 90% of the world cotton production. Among 50 species in the genus Gossypium, 45 are diploid (2n = 2x = 26) and 5 are allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 52).

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen H, Khan MK, Zhou Z, Wang X, Cai X, Ilyas MK, Wang C, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu F, Wang K | display-authors = 6 | title = A high-density SSR genetic map constructed from a F2 population of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium darwinii | journal = Gene | volume = 574 | issue = 2 | pages = 273–86 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26275937 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.022 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281005213 }}

| 54

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| {{sort|54|54}}

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| Hyraxes were considered to be the closest living relatives of elephants,"Hyrax: The Little Brother of the Elephant", Wildlife on One, BBC TV. but sirenians have been found to be more closely related to elephants.

|{{Cite book |vauthors=O'Brien SJ, Meninger JC, Nash WG |title=Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes |page=78 |publisher=John Wiley & sons |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-471-35015-6}}

| 54

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| This number is for common raccoon dog (N. p. procyonoides), 2n=54+B(0–4). On the other hand, Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) with 2n=38+B(0–8). Here, B represents B chromosome and its variation in the number between individuals.{{cite book| vauthors = Ostrander EA |title=Genetics of the Dog|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-C3D2QBGsgC&pg=PA250|date=1 January 2012|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-1-84593-941-0|pages=250–}}

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Mäkinen A, Kuokkanen MT, Valtonen M |title=A chromosome-banding study in the Finnish and the Japanese raccoon dog |journal=Hereditas |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=97–105 |year=1986 |pmid=3793521 |doi=10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00647.x |doi-access=free}}

| 54

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|{{Cite journal |doi=10.1590/S1413-95962002000600010 |title=Analysis of some normal parameters of the spermiogram of captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758 ) |year=2002 |vauthors=Barnabe RC, Guimarães MA, Oliveira CA, Barnabe AH |journal=Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science |volume=39 |issue=6 |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjvras/v39n6/15850.pdf |doi-access=free}}

| 56

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| This is for the species mulberry silkworm, B. mori (2n=56). Probably more than 99% of the world's commercial silk today come from this species.{{Cite journal |last=Peigler |first=Richard S. |date=1993 |title=Wild Silks of the World |url=https://academic.oup.com/ae/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ae/39.3.151 |journal=American Entomologist |language=en |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=151–162 |doi=10.1093/ae/39.3.151}} Other silk producing moths, called non-mulberry silkworms, have various chromosome numbers. (e.g. Samia cynthia with 2n=25–28,{{cite journal | vauthors = Yoshido A, Yasukochi Y, Sahara K | title = Samia cynthia versus Bombyx mori: comparative gene mapping between a species with a low-number karyotype and the model species of Lepidoptera | journal = Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | volume = 41 | issue = 6 | pages = 370–7 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21396446 | doi = 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.02.005 | bibcode = 2011IBMB...41..370Y | url = https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/45607/2/IBMB41-6_370-377.pdf | hdl = 2115/45607 | s2cid = 38794541 | hdl-access = free }} Antheraea pernyi with 2n=98.{{cite journal | vauthors = Mahendran B, Ghosh SK, Kundu SC | title = Molecular phylogeny of silk-producing insects based on 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes | journal = Journal of Genetics | volume = 85 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–8 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16809837 | doi = 10.1007/bf02728967 | s2cid = 11733404 }})

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoshido A, Bando H, Yasukochi Y, Sahara K |title=The Bombyx mori karyotype and the assignment of linkage groups |journal=Genetics |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=675–85 |date=June 2005 |pmid=15802516 |pmc=1450397 |doi=10.1534/genetics.104.040352}}

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|This number is octoploid, main cultivated species Fragaria × ananassa (2n = 8x = 56). In genus Fragaria, basic chromosome number is seven (x = 7) and multiple levels of ploidy, ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 14) to decaploid (F. iturupensis, 2n = 10x = 70), are known.

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu B, Davis TM | title = Conservation and loss of ribosomal RNA gene sites in diploid and polyploid Fragaria (Rosaceae) | journal = BMC Plant Biology | volume = 11 | page = 157 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 22074487 | pmc = 3261831 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2229-11-157 | doi-access = free }}

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| extinct; tissue from a frozen carcass

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|{{cite journal |last1=Claro |first1=Françoise |last2=Hayes |first2=Hélène |last3=Cribiu |first3=Edmond Paul |title=The R- and G-Banded Karyotypes of the Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger) |journal=Journal of Heredity |date=November 1993 |volume=84 |issue=6 |pages=481–484 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111376 |pmid=8270772 |url=https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/84/6/481/811674 |access-date=6 March 2021}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Seabury CM, Dowd SE, Seabury PM, Raudsepp T, Brightsmith DJ, Liboriussen P, Halley Y, Fisher CA, Owens E, Viswanathan G, Tizard IR | display-authors = 6 | title = A multi-platform draft de novo genome assembly and comparative analysis for the Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = e62415 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23667475 | pmc = 3648530 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0062415 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...862415S | doi-access = free }}

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| semi-infertile (odd number of chromosomes – between donkey (62) and horse (64) makes meiosis much more difficult)

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| 63 (X₁Y₁X₂Y₂X₃Y₃X₄Y₄X₅, male) and 64 (X₁X₁X₂X₂X₃X₃X₄X₄X₅X₅, female){{cite journal | vauthors = Rens W, O'Brien PC, Grützner F, Clarke O, Graphodatskaya D, Tsend-Ayush E, Trifonov VA, Skelton H, Wallis MC, Johnston S, Veyrunes F, Graves JA, Ferguson-Smith MA | display-authors = 6 | title = The multiple sex chromosomes of platypus and echidna are not completely identical and several share homology with the avian Z | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | pages = R243 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18021405 | pmc = 2258203 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2007-8-11-r243 | doi-access = free }}

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|{{cite web |url=https://metapress.com/ |title=Metapress – Discover More |date=24 June 2016}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Svartman M, Stone G, Stanyon R | title = The ancestral eutherian karyotype is present in Xenarthra | journal = PLOS Genetics | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | pages = e109 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16848642 | pmc = 1513266 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020109 | doi-access = free }}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = de Oliveira EH, Tagliarini MM, dos Santos MS, O'Brien PC, Ferguson-Smith MA | title = Chromosome painting in three species of buteoninae: a cytogenetic signature reinforces the monophyly of South American species | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 7 | pages = e70071 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23922908 | pmc = 3724671 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0070071 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...870071D | doi-access = free }}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith HB |title=Chromosome Counts in the Varieties of SOLANUM TUBEROSUM and Allied Wild Species |journal=Genetics |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=84–92 |date=January 1927 |doi=10.1093/genetics/12.1.84 |pmid=17246516 |pmc=1200928}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Li XL, Lin RS, Fung HL, Qi ZX, Song WQ, Chen RY | title = Chromosome numbers of some caespitose bamboos native in or introduced to China | trans-title = Chromosome numbers of some caespitose bamboos native in or introduced to China | journal = Journal of Systematics and Evolution | script-title = zh:中国部分丛生竹类染色体数目报道 | volume = 39 | issue = 5 | pages = 433–442 | date = September 2001 | url = https://www.jse.ac.cn/EN/Y2001/V39/I5/433 | language = zh-cn }}

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| Based on African collared dove

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Guttenbach M, Nanda I, Feichtinger W, Masabanda JS, Griffin DK, Schmid M |title=Comparative chromosome painting of chicken autosomal paints 1-9 in nine different bird species |journal=Cytogenetic and Genome Research |volume=103 |issue=1–2 |pages=173–84 |year=2003 |pmid=15004483 |doi=10.1159/000076309 |s2cid=23508684}}

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| Normal dog karyotype is composed of 38 pairs of acrocentric autosomes and two metacentric sex chromosomes.{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/dog/ |title=Canis lupus familiaris (dog) |date= |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Maeda J, Yurkon CR, Fujisawa H, Kaneko M, Genet SC, Roybal EJ, Rota GW, Saffer ER, Rose BJ, Hanneman WH, Thamm DH, Kato TA | display-authors = 6 | title = Genomic instability and telomere fusion of canine osteosarcoma cells | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 8 | pages = e43355 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22916246 | pmc = 3420908 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0043355 | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...743355M | doi-access = free }}

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Lindblad-Toh K, Wade CM, Mikkelsen TS, Karlsson EK, Jaffe DB, Kamal M, Clamp M, Chang JL, Kulbokas EJ, Zody MC, Mauceli E, Xie X, Breen M, Wayne RK, Ostrander EA, Ponting CP, Galibert F, Smith DR, DeJong PJ, Kirkness E, Alvarez P, Biagi T, Brockman W, Butler J, Chin CW, Cook A, Cuff J, Daly MJ, DeCaprio D, Gnerre S, Grabherr M, Kellis M, Kleber M, Bardeleben C, Goodstadt L, Heger A, Hitte C, Kim L, Koepfli KP, Parker HG, Pollinger JP, Searle SM, Sutter NB, Thomas R, Webber C, Baldwin J, Abebe A, Abouelleil A, Aftuck L, Ait-Zahra M, Aldredge T, Allen N, An P, Anderson S, Antoine C, Arachchi H, Aslam A, Ayotte L, Bachantsang P, Barry A, Bayul T, Benamara M, Berlin A, Bessette D, Blitshteyn B, Bloom T, Blye J, Boguslavskiy L, Bonnet C, Boukhgalter B, Brown A, Cahill P, Calixte N, Camarata J, Cheshatsang Y, Chu J, Citroen M, Collymore A, Cooke P, Dawoe T, Daza R, Decktor K, DeGray S, Dhargay N, Dooley K, Dooley K, Dorje P, Dorjee K, Dorris L, Duffey N, Dupes A, Egbiremolen O, Elong R, Falk J, Farina A, Faro S, Ferguson D, Ferreira P, Fisher S, FitzGerald M, Foley K, Foley C, Franke A, Friedrich D, Gage D, Garber M, Gearin G, Giannoukos G, Goode T, Goyette A, Graham J, Grandbois E, Gyaltsen K, Hafez N, Hagopian D, Hagos B, Hall J, Healy C, Hegarty R, Honan T, Horn A, Houde N, Hughes L, Hunnicutt L, Husby M, Jester B, Jones C, Kamat A, Kanga B, Kells C, Khazanovich D, Kieu AC, Kisner P, Kumar M, Lance K, Landers T, Lara M, Lee W, Leger JP, Lennon N, Leuper L, LeVine S, Liu J, Liu X, Lokyitsang Y, Lokyitsang T, Lui A, Macdonald J, Major J, Marabella R, Maru K, Matthews C, McDonough S, Mehta T, Meldrim J, Melnikov A, Meneus L, Mihalev A, Mihova T, Miller K, Mittelman R, Mlenga V, Mulrain L, Munson G, Navidi A, Naylor J, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nguyen C, Nguyen T, Nicol R, Norbu N, Norbu C, Novod N, Nyima T, Olandt P, O'Neill B, O'Neill K, Osman S, Oyono L, Patti C, Perrin D, Phunkhang P, Pierre F, Priest M, Rachupka A, Raghuraman S, Rameau R, Ray V, Raymond C, Rege F, Rise C, Rogers J, Rogov P, Sahalie J, Settipalli S, Sharpe T, Shea T, Sheehan M, Sherpa N, Shi J, Shih D, Sloan J, Smith C, Sparrow T, Stalker J, Stange-Thomann N, Stavropoulos S, Stone C, Stone S, Sykes S, Tchuinga P, Tenzing P, Tesfaye S, Thoulutsang D, Thoulutsang Y, Topham K, Topping I, Tsamla T, Vassiliev H, Venkataraman V, Vo A, Wangchuk T, Wangdi T, Weiand M, Wilkinson J, Wilson A, Yadav S, Yang S, Yang X, Young G, Yu Q, Zainoun J, Zembek L, Zimmer A, Lander ES | display-authors = 6 | title = Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog | journal = Nature | volume = 438 | issue = 7069 | pages = 803–19 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16341006 | doi = 10.1038/nature04338 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2005Natur.438..803L }}

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|{{Cite book| vauthors = Sillero-Zubiri C, Hoffmann MJ, Mech D |title=Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |publisher=World Conservation Union |year=2004 |isbn=978-2-8317-0786-0 }}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Aslam ML, Bastiaansen JW, Crooijmans RP, Vereijken A, Megens HJ, Groenen MA |title=A SNP based linkage map of the turkey genome reveals multiple intrachromosomal rearrangements between the turkey and chicken genomes |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=11 |page=647 |date=November 2010 |pmid=21092123 |pmc=3091770 |doi=10.1186/1471-2164-11-647 |url= |doi-access=free}}

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| This is for S. officinarum (octoploid, 2n = 8× = 80). About 70% of the world's sugar comes from this species.{{cite web |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:419977-1 |title=Saccharum officinarum L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science |access-date=2017-07-02}} Other species in the genus Saccharum, collectively known as sugarcane, have chromosome numbers in the range 2n=40–128.{{cite book| vauthors = Henry RJ, Kole C |title=Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sugarcane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NeVyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|date=15 August 2010|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-4860-9|page=70}}

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang J, Roe B, Macmil S, Yu Q, Murray JE, Tang H, Chen C, Najar F, Wiley G, Bowers J, Van Sluys MA, Rokhsar DS, Hudson ME, Moose SP, Paterson AH, Ming R |display-authors=6 |title=Microcollinearity between autopolyploid sugarcane and diploid sorghum genomes |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=11 |page=261 |date=April 2010 |pmid=20416060 |pmc=2882929 |doi=10.1186/1471-2164-11-261 |doi-access=free}}

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|{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohno S, Stenius C, Christian LC, Becak W, Becak ML | title = Chromosomal uniformity in the avian subclass Carinatae | journal = Chromosoma | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 280–8 | date = August 1964 | pmid = 14196875 | doi = 10.1007/BF00321513 | s2cid = 12310455 }}

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|Roslik, G.V. and Kryukov A. (2001). A Karyological Study of Some Corvine Birds (Corvidae, Aves). Russian Journal of Genetics 37(7):796-806. DOI: 10.1023/A:1016703127516

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|Gregory, T.R. (2015). Animal Genome Size Database. http://www.genomesize.com/result_species.php?id=1701

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|{{cite journal |title=Can Knowledge of Genetic Distances, Genome Sizes and Chromosome Numbers Support Breeding Programs in Hardy Geraniums? |year=2021 |pmc=8152959 |last1=Akbarzadeh |first1=M. |last2=Van Laere |first2=K. |last3=Leus |first3=L. |last4=De Riek |first4=J. |last5=Van Huylenbroeck |first5=J. |last6=Werbrouck |first6=S. P. |last7=Dhooghe |first7=E. |journal=Genes |volume=12 |issue=5 |page=730 |doi=10.3390/genes12050730 |pmid=34068148 |doi-access=free }}

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| Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Anotomys leander.

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmid M, Fernández-Badillo A, Feichtinger W, Steinlein C, Roman JI |title=On the highest chromosome number in mammals |journal=Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=305–8 |year=1988 |pmid=3073914 |doi=10.1159/000132683}}

| {{sort|86|86–92}}

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|{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hosseini SJ, Elahi E, Raie RM |title=The Chromosome Number of the Persian Gulf Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus |journal=Iranian Int. J. Sci |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=13–23 |year=2004}}

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| Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Ichthyomys pittieri.

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Spoz A, Boron A, Porycka K, Karolewska M, Ito D, Abe S, Kirtiklis L, Juchno D |display-authors=6 |title=Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), using chromosome staining and fluorescence in situ hybridisation with rDNA probes |journal=Comparative Cytogenetics |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=233–48 |year=2014 |pmid=25349674 |pmc=4205492 |doi=10.3897/CompCytogen.v8i3.7718 |doi-access=free}}

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| Highest number known in mammals, thought to be a tetraploid{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallardo MH, Bickham JW, Honeycutt RL, Ojeda RA, Köhler N | title = Discovery of tetraploidy in a mammal | journal = Nature | volume = 401 | issue = 6751 | page = 341 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10517628 | doi = 10.1038/43815 | bibcode = 1999Natur.401..341G | s2cid = 1808633 | doi-access = free }} or allotetraploid.{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallardo MH, González CA, Cebrián I | title = Molecular cytogenetics and allotetraploidy in the red vizcacha rat, Tympanoctomys barrerae (Rodentia, Octodontidae) | journal = Genomics | volume = 88 | issue = 2 | pages = 214–21 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16580173 | doi = 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.02.010 | doi-access = free | publication-date = August 2006 }}

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Contreras LC, Torres-Mura JC, Spotorno AE |title=The largest known chromosome number for a mammal, in a South American desert rodent |journal=Experientia |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=506–8 |date=May 1990 |pmid=2347403 |doi=10.1007/BF01954248 |s2cid=33553988}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Maneechot N, Yano CF, Bertollo LA, Getlekha N, Molina WF, Ditcharoen S, Tengjaroenkul B, Supiwong W, Tanomtong A, de Bello Cioffi M |display-authors=6 |title=Genomic organization of repetitive DNAs highlights chromosomal evolution in the genus Clarias (Clariidae, Siluriformes) |journal=Molecular Cytogenetics |volume=9 |page=4 |year=2016 |pmid=26793275 |pmc=4719708 |doi=10.1186/s13039-016-0215-2 |doi-access=free}}

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|{{cite journal |vauthors=Symonová R, Havelka M, Amemiya CT, Howell WM, Kořínková T, Flajšhans M, Gela D, Ráb P |display-authors=6 |title=Molecular cytogenetic differentiation of paralogs of Hox paralogs in duplicated and re-diploidized genome of the North American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) |journal=BMC Genetics |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=19 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28253860 |pmc=5335500 |doi=10.1186/s12863-017-0484-8 |doi-access=free}}

| 160

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| Tetraploid (2n = 4x = 160)

|{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264000883 |title=Chromosome numbers of Polish ferns |date= |website=researchgate.net}}

| 168

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| Also known as the "tree of life". 2n = 4x = 168

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Islam-Faridi N, Sakhanokho HF, Dana Nelson C |title=New chromosome number and cyto-molecular characterization of the African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) - "The Tree of Life" |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=13174 |date=August 2020 |pmid=32764541 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-68697-6 |pmc=7413363 |bibcode=2020NatSR..1013174I |doi-access=free}}

| 174

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|{{cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.php?Family=Petromyzontidae |title=Family Petromyzontidae – Northern lampreys |vauthors=Eschmeyer WM}}

| 184

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|{{Cite book | url = http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500296 | title = Flora of North America | publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis | year = 1993 | author = Flora of North America Editorial Committee }}

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|This insect has one of the highest chromosome numbers among all animals.

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Lukhtanov VA, Kandul NP, Plotkin JB, Dantchenko AV, Haig D, Pierce NE |title=Reinforcement of pre-zygotic isolation and karyotype evolution in Agrodiaetus butterflies |journal=Nature |volume=436 |issue=7049 |pages=385–9 |date=July 2005 |pmid=16034417 |doi=10.1038/nature03704 |s2cid=4431492 |bibcode=2005Natur.436..385L}}

| 308

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| Highest ploidy among plants, 22-ploid (2n = 22x = 308){{cite web|title=Morus nigra (black mulberry)|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/34830|access-date=2020-08-29|website=www.cabi.org|language=en}}

|{{cite journal |vauthors=Zeng Q, Chen H, Zhang C, Han M, Li T, Qi X, Xiang Z, He N |display-authors=6 |title=Definition of Eight Mulberry Species in the Genus Morus by Internal Transcribed Spacer-Based Phylogeny |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=10 |issue=8 |pages=e0135411 |date=2015 |pmid=26266951 |pmc=4534381 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0135411 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1035411Z |doi-access=free}}

| {{sort|448|448–452}}

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| 2n = {{circa|448}}–452. Highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms.

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Lukhtanov VA | title = The blue butterfly Polyommatus (Plebicula) atlanticus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) holds the record of the highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms | journal = Comparative Cytogenetics | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 683–90 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26753083 | pmc = 4698580 | doi = 10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i4.5760 | doi-access = free }}

| 1260

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| n=120–720 with a high degree of polyploidization.{{cite journal |vauthors=Lukhtanov VA |title=The blue butterfly Polyommatus (Plebicula) atlanticus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) holds the record of the highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms |journal=Comparative Cytogenetics |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=683–90 |date=2015-07-10 |pmid=26753083 |pmc=4698580 |doi=10.3897/compcytogen.v9i4.5760 |doi-access=free}} Ophioglossum reticulatum n=720 in hexaploid species, 2n=1260 in decaploid species.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/00087114.1979.10796781|title = Occurrence of Various Cytotypes of Ophioglossum ReticulatumL. In a Population from N. E. India| journal=Caryologia| volume=32| issue=2| pages=135–146|year = 1979| vauthors = Sinha BM, Srivastava DP, Jha J | doi-access=free}}

|

| {{sort|10|10 (in micronucleus)}}

| 100px||

| 50x = 12,500 (in macronucleus, except minichromosomes)
10,000x = 10,000 (macronuclear minichromosomes){{cite journal | vauthors = Mochizuki K | title = DNA rearrangements directed by non-coding RNAs in ciliates | journal = Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 376–87 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21956937 | pmc = 3746294 | doi = 10.1002/wrna.34 }}

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| 16000{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Greg |title=This Bizarre Organism Builds Itself a New Genome Every Time It Has Sex |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/09/oxytricha-encrypted-genome/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |magazine=Wired |date=17 September 2014}}

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| Macronuclear "nanochromosomes"; ampliploid. MAC chromosomes × 1900 ploidy level = 2.964 × 10⁷ chromosomes

|{{cite journal | vauthors = Kumar S, Kumari R | title = Origin, structure and function of millions of chromosomes present in the macronucleus of unicellular eukaryotic ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax: a model organism for transgenerationally programmed genome rearrangements | journal = Journal of Genetics | volume = 94 | issue = 2 | pages = 171–6 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 26174664 | doi = 10.1007/s12041-015-0504-2 | url = http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jgen/094/02/0171-0176 | s2cid = 14181659 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Swart EC, Bracht JR, Magrini V, Minx P, Chen X, Zhou Y, Khurana JS, Goldman AD, Nowacki M, Schotanus K, Jung S, Fulton RS, Ly A, McGrath S, Haub K, Wiggins JL, Storton D, Matese JC, Parsons L, Chang WJ, Bowen MS, Stover NA, Jones TA, Eddy SR, Herrick GA, Doak TG, Wilson RK, Mardis ER, Landweber LF | display-authors = 6 | title = The Oxytricha trifallax macronuclear genome: a complex eukaryotic genome with 16,000 tiny chromosomes | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = e1001473 | date = 2013-01-29 | pmid = 23382650 | pmc = 3558436 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473 | doi-access = free }}{{cite web | vauthors = Yong E | title = You Have 46 Chromosomes. This Pond Creature Has 15,600 | work = National Geographic | date = 6 February 2013 | url = http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/06/you-have-46-chromsomes-this-pond-creature-has-15600/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130208221253/http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/06/you-have-46-chromsomes-this-pond-creature-has-15600/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 8, 2013 }}