Magnificent Mile

File:20070509 Foot of Magnificent Mile.JPG: the Beaux Arts Wrigley Building (left) and neo-Gothic Tribune Tower]]

After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, State Street (anchored by Marshall Field's) in the downtown Loop, especially the Loop Retail Historic District, was the city's retailing center.{{cite encyclopedia |url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1141.html|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|year=2005|encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=May 16, 2007|author=Bennett, Larry|title=Shopping Districts and Malls}} The convenience of mass transit including streetcars and elevated trains, supported a retail corridor along State Street from Lake Street to Van Buren Street.

By the 1920s, commuter suburbs began to have significant retail districts. Prior to the bascule bridge construction, swing bridges across the river were open for ship traffic during half the daylight hours.{{cite encyclopedia| url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/641.html |publisher=Chicago Historical Society|year=2005|encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=May 17, 2007|author=Cain, Louis P.|title=Infrastructure}} The Rush Street Bridge was the swing bridge for this area.Stamper, John M., "Chicago's North Michigan Avenue", University of Chicago Press, 1991, pg. 4, {{ISBN|0-226-77085-0}} The opening of the Michigan Avenue Bridge in 1920 created a new commercial district.

The concept for the Magnificent Mile was part of the 1909 Burnham Plan of Chicago. It was constructed during the 1920s to replace Pine Street, which had been lined with factories and warehouses near the river, and fine mansion and rowhouse residences farther north. The earliest building constructions varied in style, but challenged new heights in construction. The name the "Magnificent Mile" is a registered trademark of The Magnificent Mile Association, formerly the Greater North Michigan Avenue Association (GNMAA).{{cite web|url=http://www.enjoyillinois.com/home.aspx|title=The Official Web Site of the Illinois Bureau of Tourism|access-date=May 22, 2009|publisher=Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521121653/http://www.enjoyillinois.com/home.aspx|archive-date=May 21, 2009|url-status=dead}}

After the Great Depression and World War II, Arthur Rubloff and William Zeckendorf bought or controlled most of the property along this stretch of the avenue and supported a plan by Holabird & Root for construction of new buildings and renovation of old ones that took advantage of new zoning laws. Soon the property values driven by the luxury shopping districts were pricing out the nearby artists of Tower Town, just southwest of the Chicago Water Tower.{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1265.html|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|year=2005|encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=May 16, 2007|author=Seligman, Amanda|title=Towertown}} Rubloff and Zeckendorf successfully developed and promoted the area until it became one of the most prestigious addresses of the city, spurring new investment along the Magnificent Mile and throughout the Near North Side.{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/876.html|publisher=Chicago Historical Society |year=2005 |encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=May 17, 2007|author=Seligman, Amanda|title=Near North Side}}

After 1950, suburban development reduced the Loop's daily significance to many Chicagoans as downtown retail sales slipped. However, the Magnificent Mile kept a luxury shopping district close to the central business district.{{cite encyclopedia |url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/764.html|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|year=2005|encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=May 17, 2007|author=Danzer, Gerald A.|title=The Loop}} The opening of the 74-story Water Tower Place in 1975 marked the return of Chicago to retailing prominence. By 1979, the State Street commercial corridor had lost its commercial vitality and was closed to street traffic for renovation including sidewalk widening until 1996. In August 2020, the Magnificent Mile was looted by large crowds during a night of unrest after Chicago police shot a black person in Englewood.{{cite news |title=Hundreds ransack downtown Chicago businesses after shooting |url=https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/nation/2020/08/10/shots-fired-crowds-clash-police-downtown-chicago/112905452/ |work=Detroit News |date=August 10, 2020}} In May 2022, a mass shooting nearby the neighborhood killed two people and critically injured eight others.{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/shot-fatally-outrageous-act-violence-chicago-mcdonalds/story?id=84856528|title=9 shot, 2 fatally, in 'outrageous act of violence' outside Chicago McDonald's|publisher=ABC News|date=May 21, 2022|accessdate=May 21, 2022}} Two men have since been convicted in connection with the shooting, one of them being for murder, while the other was for weapon charges.{{cite news|url=https://abc7chicago.com/post/chicago-mass-shooting-jaylun-sanders-pleads-guilty-2019-outside-north-side-mcdonalds/15560226/|title=2nd suspect pleads guilty in 2022 mass shooting outside Near North Side McDonald's|work=WLS-TV|date=November 19, 2024|accessdate=January 3, 2025}}

Today, The Magnificent Mile contains a mixture of upscale department stores, restaurants, retailers, residential and commercial buildings, financial services companies, and hotels, catering primarily to tourists. The Magnificent Mile includes {{convert|3.1|e6sqft|m2|abbr=unit}} of retail space, 460 stores, 275 restaurants, 51 hotels, and a host of sightseeing and entertainment attractions to more than 22 million visitors annually.

The American Planning Association selected The Magnificent Mile as one of the 10 Great Streets for 2007 through its Great Places in America program. In recent years, The Magnificent Mile has added trees and flower-filled medians to reflect the changing seasons.

Most luxury brands moved to Oak Street in the years following the 2008 financial crisis,{{cite news |last1=Lounsberry |first1=Sam |title=Oak Street luxury retail lease locked up in Latsko, Goyard lawsuit |url=https://therealdeal.com/chicago/2023/05/09/oak-street-luxury-retail-lease-locked-up-inlatsko-goyard-lawsuit/ |work=The Real Deal |date=9 May 2023}} but The Magnificent Mile still hosts luxury department stores Bloomingdale's, Neiman Marcus, Saks Fifth Avenue, and Nordstrom. Retailers on The Magnificent Mile include: Canada Goose, Cartier, Bulgari, Burberry (its U.S. flagship location), Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Tiffany & Co., Max Mara, St. John, Omega, Stuart Weitzman, Montblanc, Rolex, Ralph Lauren (Ralph Lauren's largest store in the world), Kate Spade, Eskandar, Henri Bendel, Hugo Boss, Salvatore Ferragamo, American Girl, Ermenegildo Zegna, Zara, MCM, Tumi, Kiehl's, Michael Kors, J. Crew, Sermoneta, H&M, Marlowe, Paul Stuart, David Yurman, Fogal, Wolford, The Art of Shaving, BHLDN, Victoria's Secret, Banana Republic, and Starbucks Reserve Roastery (largest Starbucks in the world).

The Magnificent Mile has three urban shopping centers: Water Tower Place, The Shops at North Bridge, and 900 North Michigan Shops. Each spans multiple floors and city blocks and offers various tenants: mall mainstays and more upscale apparel shops, restaurants, and unique attractions, such as museums. In its book The 10 Best of Everything: An Ultimate Guide for Travelers, National Geographic named The Magnificent Mile along with Rodeo Drive and Fifth Avenue as one of the 10 best shopping avenues in the world.{{cite web|title=Top 10 Shopping Avenues|url=http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/shopping-avenues/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125235541/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/shopping-avenues/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 25, 2010|website=National Geographic|date=January 21, 2010 }}

Renowned and critically acclaimed restaurants such as The Signature Room at The 95th, Spiaggia, Tru, The Pump Room, Lawry's The Prime Rib, The Grand Lux, and The Park Hyatt Room provide a variety of dining options. Three 5-star hotels (The Peninsula Chicago, Four Seasons Hotel Chicago, and Ritz-Carlton Chicago) and Illinois' only 4-star hotel (Park Hyatt) are located within about five blocks along The Magnificent Mile.{{cite web|url=http://honeymoons.about.com/od/mobilawardwinners/a/Mobil5Star2007.htm|title=Mobil 5-Star Hotels / Award Winners 2007|author=Sardone, Susan Breslow|publisher=2007 About, Inc.|access-date=May 21, 2007|archive-date=September 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926191924/http://honeymoons.about.com/od/mobilawardwinners/a/Mobil5Star2007.htm|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://honeymoons.about.com/od/mobilawardwinners/a/Mobil20064Stars.htm|title=4 Star Hotels in the USA|author=Sardone, Susan Breslow|date=January 6, 2006|publisher=2007 About, Inc.|access-date=May 22, 2007|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081248/http://honeymoons.about.com/od/mobilawardwinners/a/Mobil20064Stars.htm|url-status=dead}}

Other hotels such as the InterContinental Chicago Magnificent Mile, Knickerbocker, Westin, Drake Hotel, and the Conrad Chicago offer convenient luxurious accommodations as well.{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotraveler.com/attractions/magnificent-mile.html|access-date=May 19, 2007|title= Magnificent Mile|year=2007|work=Chicago Traveler|publisher=Search Engine Marketing}} Selected luxury-class hotels are shown below:

The largest banks have branches along the strip including the three largest banks in the nation: Bank of America, Citibank, and JPMorgan Chase's Chase Bank.{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0763206.html|access-date=May 17, 2007|date=December 31, 2005|title=United States' Largest Banks|publisher=Information Please Database}} Additionally, the largest banks in Chicago are present, such as Harris Bank,{{cite web|url=http://chicagobusiness.datajoe.com/app/ecom/pub_viewhtml.php?listid=1463&year=2006&htmlkey=maai2Dh1YoW8.|access-date=August 8, 2007|year=2007|publisher=Crain Communications, Inc.|work=ChicagoBusiness|title=Chicago's Largest Banks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928045537/http://chicagobusiness.datajoe.com/app/ecom/pub_viewhtml.php?listid=1463&year=2006&htmlkey=maai2Dh1YoW8.|archive-date=September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}} which is technically across the street from The Magnificent Mile. American Express has a Magnificent Mile address for one of its two Chicago service offices. Fidelity Investments has an office at the foot of The Magnificent Mile.

Historic and landmark presences are shown in the table below, which lists Chicago Landmarks, National Register of Historic Places locations, and National Historic Landmarks along The Magnificent Mile. At the northern edge of this district on the west, one finds the exclusive One Magnificent Mile building and Oak Street running to the west. Also, at the northern edge of the district one finds the Chicago Landmark East Lake Shore Drive District, an extremely expensive and exclusive one-block area of real estate running east from N. Michigan Ave. and facing directly onto Lake Michigan.

At the southern edge of the district, the Michigan Avenue Bridge sits among four majestic 1920s skyscrapers, two of which are on The Magnificent Mile (Tribune Tower and the Wrigley Building), and two of which are not (333 North Michigan and London Guarantee Building). These buildings are contributing properties to the Michigan–Wacker Historic District.Wagner, Robert. (February 3, 1978) [http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/PDFs/200181.pdf National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Michigan–Wacker Historic District] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624112624/http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/PDFs/200181.pdf |date=June 24, 2009 }} National Park Service.

Several of the tallest buildings in Chicago are located in The Magnificent Mile district:

File:20070520 Lifesize Darth Vader at Lego Store.JPG Store is a highlight of Water Tower Place. It frequently exhibits lifesize or larger than life characters at the main entrance of the mall.]]

File:20070513 Magnificent Mile Garden Planter.JPG

With each season, the ambiance of The Magnificent Mile changes. This change is signaled by several official events:{{cite web|url=http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/default.cfm|title=Seasonal Events|access-date=May 17, 2007|year=2007|publisher=The Magnificent Mile, GNMAA/Centric Web, Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504022235/http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/Default.cfm|archive-date=May 4, 2007|url-status=dead}}

Median planters were constructed as part of a streetscape improvement project in 1994. In the spring, hundreds of thousands of tulips bloom from mid April until the end of May. In 2008, a public art installation of kinetic sculptures designed by local and international architects was placed in the garden beds.{{cite web|url=http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/spring/Default.cfm|title=Tulip Days|access-date=May 17, 2007|year=2007|publisher=The Magnificent Mile, GNMAA/Centric Web, Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528004427/http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/Spring/default.cfm|archive-date=May 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}

During the summer, the "Gardens of The Magnificent Mile" festival event occurs. It is a self-guided landscape display walking tour. In 2007 and 2008, fashion dress forms graced the garden beds. The forms were designed by students from the Illinois Institute of Art – Chicago and the International Academy of Design and Technology, as well as prominent designers located on the Avenue.{{cite web|url=http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/Summer/Default.cfm|title=Gardens of The Magnificent Mile|access-date=May 17, 2007|year=2007|publisher=The Magnificent Mile, GNMAA/Centric Web, Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206012542/http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/Summer/Default.cfm|archive-date=February 6, 2007|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/Summer/GardenInspiredStudentFashion.cfm|title=WHEN FLORA AND FASHION COME TOGETHER|access-date=March 7, 2008|year=2008|publisher=The Magnificent Mile, GNMAA/Centric Web, Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410203102/http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/Summer/GardenInspiredStudentFashion.cfm|archive-date=April 10, 2008|url-status=dead}}

In 2009 and 2010 the first ever Summer Concert Series presented by Walgreens brought top level musical talent to the Avenue for free lunchtime shows for guests, locals, and employees of the Avenue. Past artists include: Collective Soul, Better Than Ezra, Mat Kearney, Michael Franti, Kris Allen, and Guster.

File:20070509 Tulip Days.JPG Days on The Magnificent Mile with CTA bus in view.]]

The tradition of lighting the trees of The Magnificent Mile to start the Christmas season extends more than forty years. More than one million lights are lit and fireworks follow the event. The Magnificent Mile Lights Festival, presented by BMO Harris Bank, is the annual kick-off to Chicago's Christmas season.{{cite web|url=http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/fall/default.cfm|title=Magnificent Mile Lights Festival|access-date=May 18, 2007|year=2007|publisher=The Magnificent Mile, GNMAA/Centric Web, Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425174346/http://www.themagnificentmile.com/SeasonalEvents/Fall/default.cfm|archive-date=April 25, 2007|url-status=dead}}

The day of the event has special activities and offers across Magnificent Mile businesses, plus interactive holiday booths in Pioneer Court, and a free concert with free concerts featuring popular artists all afternoon on the Harris Stage (past artists have included Jason Mraz, Mitchel Musso, and KT Tunstall). In the evening, Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse lead a procession down Michigan Avenue from Oak Street to Wacker Drive, stopping at each block to light the trees. He brings along other Disney friends, marching bands, celebrities and more. It is considered the first annual Christmas procession of the year.{{cite web|url=http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=resources&id=5749370|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604035420/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=resources&id=5749370|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 4, 2011|title=The 2007 Magnificent Mile Lights Festival: ABC 7 Chicago kicks off the holiday season nationwide with live broadcast of the festival|access-date=May 22, 2009|date=November 8, 2007|publisher=abc7chicago.com home}}

North Michigan Avenue is a six-lane two-way street that is serviced by Chicago Transit Authority public buses along the Magnificent Mile that connect the area to the entire Chicago metropolitan area. It is also serviced by seasonal trolley service along the street, and the foot of the Magnificent Mile is serviced by seasonal water transit services. Two blocks west along State Street, the Chicago 'L' rapid transit services the street via its Red Line. Pedestrian traffic abounds along the broad sidewalks that are shielded by extensive, mature greenery that provides much of the friendly atmosphere.{{cite press release|url=http://www.themagnificentmile.com/PressReleases/APA_Award_Winner.pdf|title=Chicago's North Michigan Avenue Selected One of 10 Great Street in America: A Seven-Block Urban Wonderland|access-date=May 22, 2009|publisher=American Planning Association|date=October 2, 2007|last1=Buscemi|first1=Connie|first2=John |last2=Maxson|first3=Denny |last3=Johnson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317164422/http://www.themagnificentmile.com/PressReleases/APA_Award_Winner.pdf|archive-date=March 17, 2009|url-status=dead}}

In autumn 2011, North Michigan Avenue was completely repaved from the Chicago River to Oak Street with a durable stone-matrix asphalt pavement mix that incorporated high levels of recycled materials, including waste shingles, ground tire rubber, and asphalt millings, diverting some 800 tons of material from landfills.{{Citation | last1 = Williams | first1 = Cindy | last2 = Garrott | first2 = Fred | title = Recycling/reclaiming: A savings spree | newspaper = Roads & Bridges | date = February 6, 2012 | url = http://www.roadsbridges.com/recyclingreclaiming-savings-spree | access-date = July 30, 2012}} The $1 million project was completed without ever completely halting traffic on the street. In July 2012, the City of Chicago and CDOT were honored with the Environmental Leadership Award from the National Asphalt Pavement Association.{{cite press release|url=http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdot/provdrs/street/news/2012/jul/cdot_recognized_forenvironmentalleadershipforinnovativeuseofrecy.html|title=CDOT Recognized for Environmental Leadership for Innovative Use of Recycled Materials in Michigan Avenue Repaving Project|access-date=July 30, 2012|publisher=Chicago Department of Transportation|date=July 17, 2012}}

File:20070509 Jack Brickhouse.JPG and Bears announcer Jack Brickhouse]]

File:20070513 Magnificent Mile Characters.JPG

File:20070513 Fourth Presbyterian Church.JPG moved its congregation to North Michigan Avenue in 1914.{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2384.html|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|year=2005|encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=May 17, 2007|author=Moore, R. Jonathan|title=Fourth Presbyterian Church}}]]

File:20070513 Saks Men-Women.JPG]]

File:20070509 Apple Store.JPG

File:20070509 Pottery Barn - Banana Republic.JPG (closed) and Banana Republic locations nestled between its Tiffany & Co. and Polo Ralph Lauren corner stores.]]

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• [http://www.themagnificentmile.com The Magnificent Mile]
• [http://www.themagnificentmileassociation.com/ The Magnificent Mile Association]

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