Mayoral elections in Jerusalem#1998

Prior to a 1975 national law change, mayors were chosen by the city council (which was elected in a closed list proportional representation system).{{cite journal |last1=Nikolenyi |first1=Csaba |title=The 2018 Municipal Elections in Jerusalem: A Tale of Fragmentation and Polarization |journal=Contemporary Review of the Middle East |date=1 March 2020 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=6–24 |doi=10.1177/2347798919889762 |s2cid=213423030 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2347798919889762 |access-date=23 July 2021 |language=en |issn=2347-7989|url-access=subscription }}

Since 1975 law change, mayors have been directly elected in a two round system. Under this system, if no candidate receives at least 40% of the vote in the first round, a runoff election is held between the top-two finishers. The first municipal election to be held under the new law of direct elections for mayor was held in 1978.{{cite web |last=Blander |first=Dana |title=Elections for the Local Authority – Who, What, When, Where and How? |url=https://en.idi.org.il/articles/10198 |website=en.idi.org.il |access-date=31 July 2021}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1978 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election =

| previous_year =

| next_election = 1983 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 1983

| election_date = 7 November 1978

| image1 = x150px

| candidate1 = Teddy Kollek

| party1 =

| popular_vote1 = 64,622

| percentage1 = 62.7%

| image2 = File:Shmuel Shaulson (0048).jpg

| candidate2 = Shmuel Elazar Shaulson

| party2 =

| popular_vote2 = 15,242

| percentage2 = 14.7%

| image4 = x150px

| candidate4 = Yehoshua Matza

| party4 = Likud

| popular_vote4 = 13,616

| percentage4 = 13.3%

| image5 = x150px

| candidate5 = Moshe Medalbom

| party5 =

| popular_vote5 = 9,638

| percentage5 = 9.3%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Teddy Kollek

| before_party = Israeli Labor Party

| after_election = Teddy Kollek

| after_party = Israeli Labor Party

}}

The 1978 Jerusalem mayoral election was held 8 November 1978, and saw the reelection of Teddy Kollek to a fourth consecutive term.

While a member of the Israeli Labor Party, Kollek formally ran as an independent.

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{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1983 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1978 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 1978

| next_election = 1989 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 1989

| election_date = 25 October 1983

| image1 = x150px

| candidate1 = Teddy Kollek

| party1 = One Jerusalem

| popular_vote1 = 79,535

| percentage1 = 63.86%

| image2 = x150px

| candidate2 = Shlomo Toussia-Cohen

| party2 = Likud

| popular_vote2 = 23,912

| percentage2 = 19.20%

| image3 = x150px

| candidate3 = Meir Porush

| party3 = Agudat Yisrael

| popular_vote3 = 17,737

| percentage3 = 14.24%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Teddy Kollek

| before_party = Israeli Labor Party

| after_election = Teddy Kollek

| after_party = Israeli Labor Party

}}

The 1983 Jerusalem mayoral election was held 25 October 1983, and saw the reelection of Teddy Kollek to a fifth consecutive term.

The election took place among increasing tension between religious and nonreligious Jews in the city. Kollek spoke strongly against what he alleged were intolerant Orthodox factions that were seeking to enforce their lifestyle beliefs upon all Jerusalem. Kollek was assaulted by militantly religious youth ten days prior to the election. Turnout among Arab voters was over 25%. It is believed that many of the Arabs who opted to vote were municipal employees.

Despite efforts of some in the Palestine Liberation Organization to encourage a boycott among the city's East Jerusalem Arab electorate, this electorate came out in greater numbers than they had in previous mayoral elections. The Arab voters who participated strongly supported Kollek, contributing to his strong performance.{{cite web |last1=Shipler |first1=David K. |title=MAYOR OF JERUSALEM WINS A 5TH TERM EASILY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/27/world/mayor-of-jerusalem-wins-a-5th-term-easily.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=30 July 2021 |date=27 October 1983}}

Ahead of the election, Kollek was heavily favored for reelection, as a result of his personal popularity. However, the coinciding election for the City Council was competitive, and it was seen as uncertain whether the "One Jerusalem" party list which Kollek fielded, would retain the majority it held. Orthodox and right wing political parties, in opposition of the mayor, were vying to flip control of the council. The "One Jerusalem" slate, ultimately, narrowly retained its majority on the council, winning 17 of 31 seats.

Since Kollek exceeded the 40% threshold required to avert a runoff election, no runoff was held.

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{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1989 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1983 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 1983

| next_election = 1993 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 1993

| election_date = 28 February 1989

| image1 = x150px

| candidate1 = Teddy Kollek

| party1 = One Jerusalem

| popular_vote1 = 73,006

| percentage1 = 58.8%

| image2 = x150px

| candidate2 = Nissim Ze'ev

| party2 = Shas

| popular_vote2 = 20,490

| percentage2 = 16.5%

| image4 = File:ShmuelPresburger.jpg

| candidate4 = Shmuel Pressburger

| party4 = Likud

| popular_vote4 = 16,369

| percentage4 = 13.2%

| image5 = x150px

| candidate5 = Meir Porush

| party5 = Agudat Yisrael

| popular_vote5 = 13,646

| percentage5 = 11.0%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Teddy Kollek

| before_party = Israeli Labor Party

| after_election = Teddy Kollek

| after_party = Israeli Labor Party

| image3 =

}}

The 1989 Jerusalem mayoral election was held 28 February 1989, and saw the reelection of Teddy Kollek to a sixth consecutive term.

Kollek ran as the candidate of his own One Jerusalem Party, which was affiliated with the national Israeli Labor Party.

While he won an overwhelming victory in the mayoral election, his party list lost its majority on the Council of Jerusalem.{{cite web |last1=Frankel |first1=Glenn |title=Jerusalem mayor last of the giants on Israeli scene |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/473255865 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=Edmonton Journal |agency=The Washington Post |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=5 March 1989}} This Council of Jerusalem result was partially attributable to Arab residents of the city voting in lesser numbers than in the recent preceding elections, with more Arabs than usual boycotting the municipal elections. Arab turnout was as small as under 4%. Another contributing factor was backlash from the left wing, who felt that Kollek had given too many compromises to the Haredi. Another contributing factor was a strong turnout of religious Jews, especially with Orthodox Jews, with the election especially seeing an abnormally high turnout of Haredi voters.{{cite web |last1=Ries |first1=William B. |title=Hard-liners gain in Israeli municipal elections |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/552540227 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Danville News |agency=United Press International |access-date=30 July 2021 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=1 March 1989}}{{cite web |last1=Tamayo |first1=Juan O. |title=Jerusalem mayor re-elected but loses hold on council |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/634327611 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Miami Herald |access-date=30 July 2021 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=1 March 1989}} Kollek had had a majority of the Council be directly aligned with him for the entirety of his mayoralty up to the 1989 election.

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1993 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1989 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 1989

| next_election = 1998 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 1998

| election_date = 2 November 1993

|image1=x150px

|candidate1=Ehud Olmert

|party1= Likud

|popular_vote1=90,992

|percentage1=59.38%

|image2=x150px

|candidate2= Teddy Kollek

|party2= Israeli Labor Party

|popular_vote2= 53,954

|percentage2= 35.21%

|image3=x150px

|candidate3= Nissim Ze'ev

|party3= Shas

|popular_vote3= 8,300

|percentage3= 5.41%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Teddy Kollek

| before_party = Israeli Labor Party

| after_election = Ehud Olmert

| after_party = Likud

}}

The 1993 Jerusalem mayoral election was held 2 November 1993, and saw Likud nominee Ehud Olmert unseat Labor incumbent Teddy Kollek. This ended Kollek's 28-year mayoralty. This also marked the first time in roughly four decades that Jerusalem would have a mayor who was not a member of either the Israeli Labor Party or its predecessor organizations. This was seen as a handing a "blow" to the nation's governing Labor Party.{{cite web |title=News-Press 03 Nov 1993, page Page 2 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/220368365 |agency=The Associated Press |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com |publisher=News-Press |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en |date=November 3, 1993}}

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{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1998 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1993 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 1993

| next_election = 2003 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 2003

| election_date = 10 November 1998

| image1 = x150px

| candidate1 = Ehud Olmert

| party1 = Likud

| popular_vote1 = 97,171

| percentage1 = 61.00%

| image2 = x150px

| candidate2 = Shimon Shetreet

| party2 = One Israel

| popular_vote2 = 36,567

| percentage2 = 22.95%

| image3 = x150px

| candidate3 = Ornan Yekutieli

| party3 =

| popular_vote3 = 13,540

| percentage3 = 8.50%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Ehud Olmert

| before_party = Likud

| after_election = Ehud Olmert

| after_party = Likud

| colour2 = 30ABEC

}}

The 1998 Jerusalem mayoral election was held on 10 November 1998, and saw the reelection of Likud incumbent Ehud Olmert.

In advance of the election, Olmert had been predicted by political prognosticators to win a convincing re-election.{{cite web |last1=Sontag |first1=Deborah |title=Political games turn ugly in local races as Israel vote nears |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657471491 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The News and Observer |agency=The New York Times |access-date=31 July 2021 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=10 November 1998}}

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 2003 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1998 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 1998

| next_election = 2008 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 2008

| election_date =

| image1 = x150px

| candidate1 = Uri Lupolianski

| party1 = United Torah Judaism

| popular_vote1 = 90,090

| percentage1 = 51.39%

| image2 = x150px

| candidate2 = Nir Barkat

| party2 = Jerusalem Will Succeed

| popular_vote2 = 74,550

| percentage2 = 42.49%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Ehud Olmert

| before_party = Likud

| after_election = Uri Lupolianski

| after_party = United Torah Judaism

}}

The 2003 Jerusalem mayoral election saw the election of United Torah Judaism nominee Uri Lupolianski. Lupolianksi became the first Haredi to serve as mayor of Jerusalem.{{cite web |last1=Caspit |first1=Ben |title=Jerusalem Mayor's Re-Election Setback for Liberman - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2013/10/jerusalem-municipal-election-barkat-leon-liberman.html |website=www.al-monitor.com |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en |date=25 October 2013}}

;Results{{Cite web |title=לופוליאנסקי ניצח בירושלים: "אשמור על הסטטוס-קוו" |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2645016,00.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=ynet |language=he}}

• Uri Lupolianski (United Torah Judaism) 51.39%
• Nir Barkat (Jerusalem Will Succeed) 42.49%
• Yigal Almedi (Likud) 3.24%

{{clear}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 2008 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 2003 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 2003

| next_election = 2013 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 2013

| election_date = 11 November 2008

|image1=x150px

|candidate1=Nir Barkat

|party1= Jerusalem Will Succeed

|popular_vote1=116,947

|percentage1=54.64%

|image2=x150px

|candidate2= Meir Porush

|party2= United Torah Judaism

|popular_vote2= 94,456

|percentage2= 44.13%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Uri Lupolianski

| before_party = United Torah Judaism

| after_election = Nir Barkat

| after_party = Independent politician

}}

The 2008 Jerusalem mayoral election was held on 11 November 2008, and saw the election of Nir Barkat.

• Nir Barkat (Jerusalem Will Succeed), businessman
• Dan Biron (Ale Yarok)
• Arcadi Gaydamak (Social Justice), billionaire businessman and chairman of Social Justice
• Meir Porush (United Torah Judaism), member of the Knesset

Barkat and Porush were the election's front-runners.{{cite web |title=Municipal elections underway across Israel |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3620812,00.html |website=Ynetnews |access-date=31 July 2021 |language=en |date=11 November 2008}}

Barkat was seen as receiving the support of the city's secular majority, which had been regarded as declining in its share of the electorate.

Porush, a Haredi, was seen as attempting to appeal to a broad swath of the electorate, including both the religious and nonreligious. He centered his candidacy on the issues of education, employment, and housing.

{{Clear}}

{{see main|2013 Jerusalem mayoral election}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 2013 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 2008 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 2008

| next_election = 2018 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 2018

| election_date = 3 October 2013

|image1=x150px

|candidate1=Nir Barkat

|party1= Jerusalem Will Succeed

|popular_vote1=111,108

|percentage1=51.91%

|image2=x150px

|candidate2= Moshe Lion

|party2= Likud Yisrael Beiteinu

|popular_vote2= 95,411

|percentage2= 44.57%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Nir Barkat

| before_party = Independent politician

| after_election = Nir Barkat

| after_party = Independent politician

}}

The 2013 Jerusalem mayoral election was held on 2 October 2013, and saw the reelection of Nir Barkat.

{{clear}}

{{see main|2018 Jerusalem mayoral election}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 2018 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| turnout = 39.86% (first round)
35% (runoff)

| previous_election = 2013 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 2013

| next_election = 2024 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year = 2024

| election_date = 30 October 2018 (first round)
13 November 2018 (runoff)

| 1blank = First-round vote

| 2blank = First-round percentage

| 3blank = Second-round vote

| 4blank = Second-round percentage

| image1 = 150x150px

| candidate1 = Moshe Lion

| party1 = Our Jerusalem

| 1data1 = 81,426

| 2data1 = 32.76%

| 3data1 = 112,744

| 4data1 = 50.85%

| image2 = 150x150px

| candidate2 = Ofer Berkovitch

| party2 = Awakening

| 1data2 = 73,079

| 2data2 = 29.40%

| 3data2 = 108,979

| 4data2 = 49.15%

| image4 = 150x150px

| candidate4 = Ze'ev Elkin

| party4 = Jerusalem Will Succeed

| 1data4 = 49,681

| 2data4 = 19.99%

| image5 = 150x150px

| candidate5 = Yossi Deutch

| party5 = Agudat Yisrael

| 1data5 = 42,289

| 2data5 = 17.01%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Nir Barkat

| before_party = Independent politician

| after_election = Moshe Lion

| after_party = Independent politician

}}

The 2018 Jerusalem mayoral election was held on 30 October and 13 November 2018 to elect the mayor of Jerusalem. It was the election of Moshe Lion.

With no candidate in the first round meeting the vote threshold of 40% needed to avoid a runoff election, a runoff was held on 13 November.{{cite web |last1=Newman |first1=Marissa |title=Polls close in tense Jerusalem mayoral race; under 1/3 of voters show up |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/polls-close-in-tense-jerusalem-mayoral-race-just-1-4-of-voters-showed-up/ |website=www.timesofisrael.com |publisher=Times of Israel |access-date=20 July 2021 |date=13 November 2018}} The election was won by Moshe Lion.

Incumbent mayor Nir Barkat did not seek reelection.{{cite web |last1=Bachner |first1=Michael |title=Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat announces Knesset bid |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-mayor-nir-barkat-announces-knesset-bid/ |website=www.timesofisrael.com |publisher=Times of Israel |access-date=20 July 2021 |date=25 March 2018}}

Ahead of the first race, Ze'ev Elkin was widely regarded to be the front-runner due to his endorsements from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and outgoing mayor Barkat. He was considered the race's front-runner.{{cite web |title=Haifa elects first woman mayor |url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/254072 |website=Israel National News |agency=JTA |access-date=26 July 2021 |language=en |date=31 October 2018}} However, in a surprise, he placed third failing to advance to the general election. Lion narrowly won the runoff election against Ofer Berkovitch, with the support of the city's Haredi parties (influential in city). Lion, who in his unsuccessful 2013 campaign for mayor had run as the Likud nominee, ran as an independent in his 2018 bid. Lion was viewed in the runoff to be the candidate representing the right wing.{{cite web |title=Right-Wing Candidate Wins Runoff for Jerusalem Mayor With Backing Of Haredi Orthodox |url=https://www.jta.org/2018/11/14/politics/right-wing-candidate-wins-runoff-jerusalem-mayor-backing-haredi-orthodox |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=23 July 2021 |date=14 November 2018}}, Lion received the endorsement of outgoing mayor Barkat in the runoff, while Prime Minister Netanyahu did not endorse a candidate in the runoff. Lion was also endorsed in the runoff by the local chapters of the Likud and The Jewish Home parties, as well as several Likud party ministers.

• Ofer Berkovitch, member of the Council of Jerusalem{{cite web |last1=Liebermann |first1=Oren |title=Netanyahu's Candidate Stunned In Jerusalem Mayoral Election |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/31/middleeast/jerusalem-election-intl/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=20 July 2021 |language=en |date=31 October 2018}} and former deputy mayor
• Yossi Daitsh, deputy mayor{{cite web |last1=Hoffman |first1=Gil |title=Poll finds Tuesday's Jerusalem race close |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Poll-finds-Tuesdays-Jerusalem-mayoral-race-close-570470 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |access-date=20 July 2021 |date=28 October 2018}}
• Ze'ev Elkin, member of the Knesset for Likud, minister of Jerusalem affairs, minister of environmental protection
• Moshe Lion, member of the Council of Jerusalem, former chairman of the Jerusalem Development Authority, candidate for mayor in 2013
• Avi Salman, former aide of Mayor Nir Barkat{{cite web |title=Israel holds municipal votes as Jerusalem chooses new mayor |url=https://kdwn.com/2018/10/30/israel-holds-municipal-vote-jerusalem-chooses-new-mayor/ |website=kdwn.com |publisher=KDWN |agency=Associated Press |access-date=20 July 2021 |language=en |date=30 October 2018}}

• Rachel Azaria, member of the Knesset (endorsed Elkin)Times of Israel, "Azaria pulls out of Jerusalem mayoral race, backs Elkin" 26 September 2018 [https://www.timesofisrael.com/azaria-pulls-out-of-jerusalem-mayoral-race-backs-elkin/]
• Chaim Epstein, member of the Council of Jerusalem{{cite web |last1=Cidor |first1=Peggy |title=Chaim Epstein: The wild card in the Jerusalem mayoral race |url=https://www.jpost.com/In-Jerusalem/Chaim-Epstein-The-wild-card-562821 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |access-date=23 July 2021 |date=22 July 2018}}

;First round

The results of the first round of voting in Jerusalem, with 254,326 voters participating of 638,065 eligible (a 39.86% turnout), are as follows. Of the 254,326 votes, 248,585 were valid.

;Runoff

The results of the second round of voting in Jerusalem are as follows. The voter turnout was 35%.

{{see main|2024 Jerusalem mayoral election}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 2024 Jerusalem mayoral election

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 2018 Jerusalem mayoral election

| previous_year = 2929

| next_election = 2029 Jerusalem mayoral election

| next_year =

| election_date = 27 February 2024

| turnout = 33.75%

| image1 = 150x150px

| candidate1 = Moshe Lion

| party1 = Our Jerusalem

| colour1 = 1B3357

| party_name = no

| candidate2 = Yosi Havilio

| party2 = Jerusalem Union

| colour2 = D0489A

| image2 = {{CSS image crop

|Image = Yosi Havilio.jpg

|bSize = 150

|cWidth = 100

|cHeight = 150

|oTop = 5

|oLeft = 25

}}

| popular_vote1 = 179,285

| percentage1 = 81.07%

| popular_vote2 = 41,871

| percentage2 = 18.93%

| map_image =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| title = Mayor

| before_election = Mose Lion

| before_party = One Jerusalem

| after_election = Moshe Lion

| after_party = One Jerusalem

}}

The 2024 Jerusalem mayoral election was held on 27 February 2024 to elect the mayor of Jerusalem. Incumbent mayor Moshe Lion was handily re-elected

{{Election results|cand1=Moshe Lion|cand2=Yosi Havilio|party1=One Jerusalem|party2=Jerusalem Union|color1=#1B3357|color2=#D0489A|invalid=11990|votes1=179285|votes2=41871|source=[https://free-justice.openapi.gov.il/free/moj/portal/rest/searchpredefinedapi/v1/SearchPredefinedApi/Documents/vkbBqylgma~oSjDQWns1jfUIAL+lYcSOmlxxuenipwE= Reshumot], [https://www.kolhair.co.il/jerusalem-news/223941/ Hol Ha'ir]|electorate=690707}}

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