Membrane steroid receptor

Membrane steroid receptors (mSRs), also called extranuclear steroid receptors, are a class of cell surface receptors activated by endogenous steroids that mediate rapid, non-genomic signaling via modulation of intracellular signaling cascades.{{cite journal | vauthors = Levin ER | title = Translating extranuclear steroid receptor signaling to clinical medicine | journal = Hormones & Cancer | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 140–145 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24752388 | pmc = 4040225 | doi = 10.1007/s12672-014-0179-9 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Hammes SR, Levin ER | title = Minireview: Recent advances in extranuclear steroid receptor actions | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 152 | issue = 12 | pages = 4489–4495 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 22028449 | pmc = 3858720 | doi = 10.1210/en.2011-1470 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Sen A, Prizant H, Hammes SR | title = Understanding extranuclear (nongenomic) androgen signaling: what a frog oocyte can tell us about human biology | journal = Steroids | volume = 76 | issue = 9 | pages = 822–828 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 21354434 | pmc = 4972037 | doi = 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.02.016 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Watson CS | title = Signaling themes shared between peptide and steroid hormones at the plasma membrane | journal = Science's STKE | volume = 1999 | issue = 12 | pages = PE1 | date = December 1999 | pmid = 11865187 | pmc = 1317563 | doi = 10.1126/stke.1999.12.pe1 }} mSRs are another means besides classical nuclear steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) for steroids to mediate their biological effects. SHRs can produce slow genomic responses or rapid, non-genomic responses in the case of mSRs.{{cite journal | vauthors = Norman AW, Mizwicki MT, Norman DP | title = Steroid-hormone rapid actions, membrane receptors and a conformational ensemble model | journal = Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–41 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14708019 | doi = 10.1038/nrd1283 | s2cid = 17487277 }}

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