Modern Hebrew verbs#Binyanim or conjugations
{{Short description|Verb conjugation in Modern Hebrew grammar}}
{{Use American English|date = January 2019}}
{{Main|Modern Hebrew grammar|Biblical Hebrew grammar}}
In Hebrew, verbs, which take the form of derived stems, are conjugated to reflect their tense and mood, as well as to agree with their subjects in gender, number, and person. Each verb has an inherent voice, though a verb in one voice typically has counterparts in other voices. This article deals mostly with Modern Hebrew, but to some extent, the information shown here applies to Biblical Hebrew as well.
Verb classification
= Roots =
Verbs in Hebrew, like nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, are formed and declined by altering a (usually) three-letter stem, known as a shoresh ({{lang|he|שורש|rtl=yes}} {{translation|root}}). Vowels are added between or before these three consonants in a pattern to form a related meaning between different roots. For instance, {{Transliteration|he|shamar}} ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|שמר}}) "(he) kept / guarded" and {{Transliteration|he|katav}} ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|כתב}}) "(he) wrote" both add the vowel "a" in between the first and second consonants and second and third consonants to indicate the past tense "he" form. A similar formation can be found in English strong verbs with write-wrote-written and drive-drove-driven sharing root consonants despite differing vowels and meanings.
Hebrew verbs are further divided into strong roots (regular verbs, with occasional and predictable consonant irregularities), weak roots (predictable verbs irregular by vowel), and wholly irregular verbs.
A root that changes the vowel used in a given pattern is considered a weak stem. These are further divided into guttural (containing alef, hey, het, ayin anywhere, or resh as the second root), hollow (containing vav or yud anywhere, or hey as the final root), and repeating roots (beginning with nun or ending with two of the same consonant); based on exact irregularities. Weak verbs are detailed further below:
== Guttural weak roots ==
Guttural roots contain a guttural consonant (such as alef ({{lang|he|א}}), hey ({{lang|he|ה}}), het ({{lang|he|ח}}), or ayin ({{lang|he|ע}}) in any position; or resh ({{lang|he|ר}}) as the second letter). Hey ({{lang|he|ה}}) as the third letter is usually a hollow root marker due to being a vowel spelling rather than one of any consonant, and is only considered a guttural root in the third position if historically pronounced. Alef ({{lang|he|א}}) root-initially and root-finally takes on a somewhat divergent conjugation similar to that of hollow roots, but is usually identical to other gutturals. Of the three classes of weak roots, guttural roots are the most common.
== Vowel weak roots ==
Roots containing a vav ({{lang|he|ו}}) or yud ({{lang|he|י}}) anywhere mark a historical vowel. Hey ({{lang|he|ה}}) word-finally usually marks a final vowel for the same reason, and shares similar irregularities.
== Repeating weak roots ==
Roots containing two of the same letter or a nun ({{lang|he|נ}}) in first position are considered repeating roots. Nun ({{lang|he|נ}}) before a consonant doubles it or prevents beyt ({{lang|he|בּ}}), kaf ({{lang|he|כּ}}), and pey ({{lang|he|פּ}}) from becoming veyt, khaf, and fey in word-medial position. Doubling consonants also changes the quality of the preceding vowel. However, doubling a consonant that doesn't change it outright (gemination) is obsolete in Modern Hebrew, and the irregularities usually affect the vowels.
== Initial sibilants: [[Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]]==
When the initial letter of a shoresh is one of the sibilants zayin ({{lang|he|ז}}), samekh ({{lang|he|ס}}), tsade ({{lang|he|צ}}) or shin ({{lang|he|ש}}), then in Hitpa'el there is a phenomenon called metathesis, in which the sibilant trades places with a preceding tav ({{lang|he|ת}}); in addition, the tav ({{lang|he|ת}}) preceding a zayin ({{lang|he|ז}}) changes to a daleth ({{lang|he|ד}}) and the tav ({{lang|he|ת}}) preceding a tsade ({{lang|he|צ}}) changes to a teth ({{lang|he|ט}}).{{cite book
| title = The Grammar of Modern Hebrew
| first = Lewis
| last = Glinis
| date = 26 May 1989
| isbn = 0-521-25611-9
| section = 40.20 Roots beginning with a sibilant: metathesis, e.g., הסתדר histader 'manage'
| section-url = https://ia903404.us.archive.org/11/items/the-grammar-of-modern-hebrew/the-grammar-of-modern-hebrew.pdf#page=506
| page = 477
| url = https://ia903404.us.archive.org/11/items/the-grammar-of-modern-hebrew/the-grammar-of-modern-hebrew.pdf
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| access-date = April 20, 2023
}}
E.g., {{lang|he|מִזְדַּקֵּן|rtl=yes}}, {{lang|he|הִסְתַּכַּלְנוּ|rtl=yes}}, {{lang|he|אֶצְטָרֵף|rtl=yes}}, {{lang|he|לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ|rtl=yes}}.
=Stems=
{{anchor|binyanim}}Hebrew verbs are inflected according to specific patterns, derived stems, called forms or {{lang|he|rtl=yes|בִּנְיָנִים}} ({{IPA|/binjaˈnim/}} binyanim, "constructions"); where vowel patterns ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|משקלים}} /miʃkaˈlim/ mishkalim, "weights"), affixes are put into the (usually) three-letter roots from which the vast majority of Hebrew words are made.
There are seven basic conjugations, as well as some irregular verbs coming from otherwise-obsolete constructions. The traditional demonstration root is {{Script/Hebrew|פ.ע.ל}} (p-`-l), which has the basic meaning of "(He) acted":
| cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="3" style="border: 1px solid;" |
| style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="border: 1px solid;"|root: {{Script/Hebrew|פעל}} |
| style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid; border-bottom: none;"|active ! style="border: 1px solid; border-bottom: none;"|reflexive ! colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid; border-bottom: none;"|passive |
| style="text-align: center;"
| style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"|{{Script/Hebrew|פָּעַל}} | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"|{{Script/Hebrew|פִּעֵל}} | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"|{{Script/Hebrew|הִפְעִיל}} | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none;"|{{Script/Hebrew|הִתְפַּעֵל}} | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"|{{Script/Hebrew|הֻפְעַל}} | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"|{{Script/Hebrew|פֻּעַל}} | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"|{{Script/Hebrew|נִפְעַל}} |
| style="text-align: center;"
| rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"| | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"| | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-right: none;"| ! style="border: 1px solid; border-left: none; border-right: none;"|causative | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-left: none;"| | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"| | rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"| |
| style="text-align: center;"
| style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-right: none;"| ! colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid; border-left: none; border-right: none;"|intensive | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-left: none;"| |
| style="text-align: center;"
| style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-right: none;"| ! colspan="5" style="border: 1px solid; border-left: none; border-right: none;"|simple | style="border: 1px solid; border-top: none; border-left: none;"| |
This chart's menorah-like shape is sometimes invoked in teaching the binyanim to help students remember the main ideas about the verb forms: (1) which binyanim are active voice (left side) vs. passive voice (right side), and (2) which binyanim are simple (outer-most menorah branches), intensive (second-outer-most), causative (third-outer-most), and reflexive (center). Note that some binyanim have more meanings than the ones shown here, as well as obsolete and rare ones being left off entirely.
In Early Modern Hebrew, the verb paradigm nitpa'el was much more common than hitpa'el, but it was ultimately marginalized because its meanings were a subset of hitpa'el.{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Jewish Languages|first=Shira|last=Wigderson|title=The Sudden Disappearance of Nitpael and the Rise of Hitpael in Modern Hebrew, and the Role of Yiddish in the Process|date=2015-10-16|doi=10.1163/22134638-12340031|volume=3|issue=1–2|pages=199–206}} Shira Wigderson has postulated that the early popularity of nitpa'el was due to the influence of Yiddish; as the influence of Yiddish waned over time, the popularity of nitpa'el declined.
Regular conjugation
= Present tense =
A verb in the present tense ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|הוֹוֶה}} {{IPA|/(h)oˈve/}} hove) agrees with its subject in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural), so each verb has four present-tense forms.
The present tense does not inflect by person because its use as a present tense is a relatively recent trend, as this form was originally used only as the present participle alone; rather than both the present tense verb and present participle.
Earlier forms of the Hebrew language did not have strictly defined past, present, or future tenses, but merely perfective and imperfective aspects, with past, present, or future connotation depending on context. Later the perfective and imperfective aspects were explicitly refashioned as the past and future tenses, respectively; with the present participle also becoming the present tense. This also happened to the Aramaic language around the same time, and later in some varieties of Arabic (such as Egyptian Arabic).
In these tables, every stressed syllable will be capitalized, except in monosyllabic words. Ayin will be represented by `, and aleph by ´, whenever pronounced.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Present tense patterns ! rowspan="2"| Root Type ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2"| Plural |
| Masculine (no suffix) || Feminine {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־ת}} : -et / {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־ה}} : -a || Masculine {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־ים}} : -im || Feminine {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־ות}} : -ot |
|---|
| colspan="5"| Pa'al |
| Strong
| 1o2e3 || 1o2e3et || 1o23im || 1o23ot |
| Guttural 2
| 1o2e3 || 1o2e3et || 1o2a3im || 1o2a3ot |
| Guttural 3
| 1o2ea3 || 1o2a3at || 1o23im || 1o23ot |
| Vowel 2
| 1a3 || 1a3a || 1a3im || 1a3ot |
| Vowel 3
| 1o2e || 1o2a || 1o2im || 1o2ot |
| Alef 3
| 1o2e´ || 1o2e´t || 1o2´im || 1o2´ot |
| Repeating
| 1a2 || 1a22a || 1a22im || 1a22ot |
| colspan="5"| Pi'el |
| Strong
| me1a22e3 || me1a22e3et || me1a223im || me1a223ot |
| Guttural 2
| me1a2e3 || me1a2e3et || me1a2a3im || me1a2a3ot |
| Guttural 3
| me1a22ea3 || me1a22a3at || me1a223im || me1a223ot |
| Vowel 3
| me1a22e || me1a22a || me1a22im || me1a22ot |
| Alef 3
| me1a22e´ || me1a22e´t || me1a22´im || me1a22´ot |
| Polel
| me1o3e3 || me1o3e3et || me1o3e3im || me1o3e3ot |
| colspan="5"| Hif'il |
| Strong
| ma12i3 || ma12i3a || ma12i3im || ma12i3ot |
| Guttural 1
| ma1a2i3 || ma1a2i3a || ma1a2i3im || ma1a2i3ot |
| Guttural 3
| ma12ia3 || ma12i3a || ma12i3im || ma12i3ot |
| Vowel 1
| mo2i3 || mo2i3a || mo2i3im || mo2i3ot |
| Vowel 2
| me1i3 || me1i3a || me1i3im || me1i3ot |
| Vowel 3
| ma12e || ma12a || ma12im || ma12ot |
| Nun 1
| ma22i3 || ma22i3a || ma22i3im || ma22i3ot |
| Nun 1 & Guttural 3
| ma22ia3 || ma22i3a || ma22i3im || ma22i3ot |
| Repeating
| me1e2 || me1i22a || me1i22im || me1i22ot |
| colspan="5"| Hitpa'el |
| Strong
| mit1a22e3 || mit1a22e3et || mit1a223im || mit1a223ot |
| scope=row style="border-style: inherit inherit none;"| Zayin 1
| mizda22e3 || mizda22e3et || mizda223im || mizda223ot |
| scope=row style="border-style: none inherit none;"| Samekh/Sin 1
| mista22e3 || mista22e3et || mista223im || mista223ot |
| scope=row style="border-style: none inherit none;"| Tsade 1
| mitzṭa22e3 || mitzṭa22e3et || mitsṭ223im || mitzṭa223ot |
| scope=row style="border-style: none inherit inherit;"| Shin 1
| mišta22e3 || mišta22e3et || mišta223im || mišta223ot |
| Guttural 2
| mit1a2e3 || mit1a2e3et || mit1a2a3im || mit1a2a3ot |
| Guttural 3
| mit1a22ea3 || mit1a22a3at || mit1a223im || mit1a223ot |
| Vowel 3
| mit1a22e || mit1a22a || mit1a22im || mit1a22ot |
| Alef 3
| mit1a22e´ || mit1a22´et || mit1a22´im || mit1a22´ot |
| Hitpolel
| mit1o3e3 || mit1o3e3et || mit1o3e3im || mit1o3e3ot |
| colspan="5"| Nif'al |
| Strong
| ni12a3 || ni12e3et || ni12a3im || ni12a3ot |
| Guttural 1
| ne1e2a3 || ne1e2e3et || ne1e2a3im || ne1e2a3ot |
| Guttural 3
| ni12a3 || ni12a3at || ni12a3im || ni12a3ot |
| Vowel 1
| no2a3 || no2e3et || no2a3im || no2a3ot |
| Vowel 2
| na1a3 || ne1a3a || ne1a3im || ne1a3ot |
| Vowel 3
| ni12e || ni12et || ni12im || ni12ot |
| Alef 3
| ni12a´ || ni12e´t || ni12a´im || ni12a´ot |
| Nun 1
| ni22a3 || ni22e3et || ni22a3im || ni22a3ot |
| Repeating
| na1a2 || ne1a22a || ne1a22im || ne1a22ot |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Present tense examples ! rowspan="2"| Root Type ! colspan="2" | Singular ! colspan="2" | Plural ! rowspan="2" |Meaning | |||
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| colspan="6" | Pa'al | |||
| rowspan="2" | Strong
| כותב/ כוֹתֵב || כותבת/ כוֹתֶבֶת || כותבים/ כוֹתְבִים || כותבות/ כוֹתְבוֹת || rowspan="2" | write(s) | |||
| koTEV
|koTEvet |kotVIM |kotVOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 2
| בוחר/ בוֹחֵר || בוחרת/ בוֹחֶרֶת || בוחרים/ בוֹחֲרִים || בוחרות/ בוֹחֲרוֹת || rowspan="2" | choose(s) | |||
| boCHER
|boCHEret |bochaRIM |bochaROT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 3
| בולע/ בּוֹלֵעַ || בולעת/ בּוֹלַעַת || בולעים/ בּוֹלְעִים || בולעות/ בּוֹלעוֹת || rowspan="2" | swallow(s) | |||
| boLEA`
|boLA`at |bol`IM |bol`OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 2
| דן/ דָּן || דנה/ דָּנָה || דנים/ דָּנִים || דנות/ דָּנוֹת || rowspan="2" | discuss(es) | |||
| dan
|daNA |daNIM |daNOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 3
| שותה/ שׁוֹתֶה || שותה/ שׁוֹתָה || שותים/ שׁוֹתִים || שותות/ שׁוֹתוֹת || rowspan="2" | drink(s) | |||
| shoTE
|shoTA |shoTIM |shoTOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Alef 3
| מוצא/ מוֹצֵא || מוצאת/ מוֹצֵאת || מוצאים/ מוֹצְאִים || מוצאות/ מוֹצְאוֹת || rowspan="2" | find(s) | |||
| moTSE
|moTSET |mots´IM |mots´OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Repeating
| סב/ סַב || סבה/ סַבָּה || סבים/ סַבִּים || סבות/ סַבּוֹת || rowspan="2" | spin(s) | |||
| sav
|saBA |saBIM |saBOT | |||
| colspan="6" | Pi'el | |||
| rowspan="2" | Strong
| מנדב/ מְנַדֵּב || מנדבת/ מְנַדֶּבֶת || מנדבים/ מְנַדְּבִים || מנדבות/ מְנַדְּבוֹת || rowspan="2" | contribute(s) | |||
| menaDEV
|menaDEvet |menadVIM |menadVOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 2
| מבאס/ מְבָאֵס || מבאסת/ מְבָאֶסֶת || מבאסים/ מְבַאֲסִים || מבאסות/ מְבַאֲסוֹת || rowspan="2" | make(s) upset | |||
| meva´ES
|meva´Eset |meva´aSIM |meva´aSOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 3
| משגע/ מְשַׁגֵּעַ || משגעת/ מְשַׁגַּעַת || משגעים/ מְשַׁגְּעִים || משגעות/ מְשַׁגְּעוֹת || rowspan="2" | drive(s) crazy | |||
| meshaGEA`
|meshaGA`at |meshag`IM |meshag`OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 3
| מנסה/ מְנַסֶּה || מנסה/ מְנַסָּה || מסנים/ מְנַסִּים || מנסות/ מְנַסּוֹת || rowspan="2" | try(s) | |||
| menaSE
|menaSA |menaSIM |menaSOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Alef 3
| מבטא/ מְבַטֵּא || מבטאת/ מְבַטֵּאת || מבטאים/ מְבַטְּאִים || מבטאות/ מְבַטְּאוֹת || rowspan="2" | pronounce(s), state(s) | |||
| mevaTE
|mevaTET |mevat´IM |mevat´OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Po'el
| מרומם/ מְרוֹמֵם || מרוממת/ מְרוֹמֶמֶת || מרוממים/ מְרוֹמְמִים || מרוממות/ מְרוֹמְמוֹת || rowspan="2" | rais(es) | |||
| meroMEM
|meroMEmet |meromeMIM |meromeMOT | |||
| colspan="6" | Hif'il | |||
| rowspan="2" | Strong
| מזמין/ מַזְמִין || מזמינה/ מַזְמִינָה || מזמינים/ מַזְמִינִים || מזמינות/ מַזְמִינוֹת || rowspan="2" | invite(s), order(s) | |||
| mazMIN
|mazmiNA |mazmiNIM |mazmiNOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 1
| מעדיף/ מַעֲדִיף || מעדיפה/ מַעֲדִיפָה || מעדיפים/ מַעֲדִפִים || מעדיפות/ מַעֲדִיפוֹת || rowspan="2" | prefer(s) | |||
| ma`aDIF
|ma`adiFA |ma`adiFIM |ma`adiFOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 3
| מפתיע/ מַפְתִּיעַ || מפתיעה/ מַפְתִּיעָה || מפתיעים/ מַפְתִּיעִים || מפתיעים/ מַפְתִּיעוֹת || rowspan="2" | surprise(s) | |||
| maftIA`
|mafti`A |mafti`IM |mafti`OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 1
| מוביל/ מוֹבִיל || מובילה/ מוֹבִילָה || מובילים/ מוֹבִילִים || מובילות/ מוֹבִילוֹת || rowspan="2" | lead(s) | |||
| moVIL
|moviLA |moviLIM |moviLOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 2
| מבין/ מֵבִין || מבינה/ מְבִינָה || מבינים/ מְבִינִים || מבינות/ מְבִינוֹת || rowspan="2" | understand(s) | |||
| meVIN
|meviNA |meviNIM |meviNOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 3
| מפנה/ מַפְנֶה || מפנה/ מַפְנָה || מפנים/ מַפְנִים || מפנות/ מַפְנוֹת || rowspan="2" | turn(s) | |||
| mafNE
|mafNA |mafNIM |mafNOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Nun 1
| מכיר/ מַכִּיר || מכירה/ מַכִּירָה || מכירים/ מַכִּירִים || מכירות/ מַכִּירוֹת || rowspan="2" | know(s) [a person] | |||
| maKIR
|makiRA |makiRIM |makiROT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Repeating
| מסב/ מֵסֵב || מסיבה/ מְסִבָּה || מסיבים/ מְסִיבִּים || מסיבות/ מְסִבּוֹת || rowspan="2" | change(s) | |||
| meSEV
|mesiBA |mesiBIM |mesiBOT | |||
| colspan="6" | Hitpa'el | |||
| rowspan="2" | Strong
| מתנדב/ מִתְנַדֵּב || מנדבת/ מִתְנַדֶּבֶת || מנדבים/ מִתְנַדְּבִים || מנדבות/ מִתְנַדְּבוֹת || rowspan="2" | volunteer(s) | |||
| mitnaDEV
|mitnaDEvet |mitnadVIM |mitnadVOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 2
| מבאס/ מִתְבָּאֵס || מבאסת/ מִתְבָּאֶסֶת || מבאסים/ מִתְבַּאֲסִים || מבאסות/ מִתְבַּאֲסוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are upset | |||
| mitba´ES
|mitba´Eset |mitba´aSIM |mitba´aSOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 3
| משגע/ מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ || משגעת/ מִשְׁתַּגַּעַת || משגעים/ מִשְׁתַּגְּעִים || משגעות/ מִשְׁתַּגְּעוֹת || rowspan="2" | go(es) crazy | |||
| mishtaGEA`
|mishtaGA`at |mishtag`IM |mishtag`OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 3
| מנסה/ מִתְנַסֶּה || מנסה/ מִתְנַסָּה || מסנים/ מִתְנַסִּים || מנסות/ מִתְנַסּוֹת || rowspan="2" | experience(s) | |||
| mitnaSE
|mitnaSA |mitnaSIM |mitnaSOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Alef 3
| מבטא/ מִתְבַּטֵּא || מבטאת/ מִתְבַּטֵּאת || מבטאים/ מִתְבַּטְּאִים || מבטאות/ מִתְבַּטְּאוֹת || rowspan="2" | speak(s) out | |||
| mitbaTE
|mitbaTET |mitbat´IM |mitbat´OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Hitpo'el
| מרומם/ מִתְרוֹמֵם || מרוממת/ מִתְרוֹמֶמֶת || מרוממים/ מִתְרוֹמְמִים || מרוממות/ מִתְרוֹמְמוֹת || rowspan="2" | rise(s) | |||
| mitroMEM
|mitroMEmet |mitromeMIM |mitromeMOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Zayin 1
| {{lang|he|מִזְדַּקֵּן|rtl=yes}} / || {{lang|he|מִזְדַּקֶּנֶת|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִזְדַּקְּנִים|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִזְדַּקְּנוֹת|rtl=yes}} || rowspan="2" | ages | |||
| {{Transliteration|he|mizDaken}} | {{Transliteration|he|mizDAkeneth}} | {{Transliteration|he|mizDAknim}} | {{Transliteration|he|mizDAknoth}} |
| rowspan="2" | Samekh/Sin 1
| {{lang|he|מִסְתַּכֵּל|rtl=yes}} / || {{lang|he|מִסְתַּכֶּלֶת|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִסְתַּכְּלִים|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִסְתַּכְּלוֹת|rtl=yes}} || rowspan="2" | looks | |||
| {{Transliteration|he|misTAkel}} | {{Transliteration|he|misTAkeleth}} | {{Transliteration|he|misTAkelim}} | {{Transliteration|he|misTAkloth}} |
| rowspan="2" | Tsade 1
| {{lang|he|מִצְטַעֵר|rtl=yes}} / || {{lang|he|מִצְטַעֶרֶת|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִצְטַעֲרִים|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִצְטַעֲרוֹת|rtl=yes}} || rowspan="2" | regrets | |||
| {{Transliteration|he|mitzTA'er}} | {{Transliteration|he|mitzTA'ereth}} | {{Transliteration|he|mitzTA'arim}} | {{Transliteration|he|mitzTA'aroth}} |
| rowspan="2" | Shin 1
| {{lang|he|מִשְׁתַּדֵּל|rtl=yes}} / || {{lang|he|מִשְׁתַּדֶּלֶת|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִשְׁתַּדְּלִים|rtl=yes}} || {{lang|he|מִשְׁתַּדְּלוֹת|rtl=yes}} || rowspan="2" | tries | |||
| {{Transliteration|he|mishTAdel}} | {{Transliteration|he|mishTAdeleth}} | {{Transliteration|he|mishTAdlim}} | {{Transliteration|he|mishTAdloth}} |
| colspan="6" | Nif'al | |||
| rowspan="2" | Strong
| נכתב/ נִכְתָּב || נכתבת/ נִכְתֶּבֶת || נכתבים/ נִכְתָּבִים || נכתבות/ נִכְתָּבוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are written | |||
| nikhTAV
|nikhTEvet |nikhtaVIM |nikhtaVOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 1
| נאכל/ נֶאֱכָל || נאכלת/ נֶאֱכֶלֶת || נאכלים/ נֶאֱכָלִים || נאכלות/ נֶאֱכָלוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are eaten | |||
| ne´eKHAL
|ne´eKHElet |ne´ekhaLIM |ne´ekhaLOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Guttural 3
| נבלע/ נִבְלַע || נבלעת/ נִבְלַעַת || נבלעים/ נִבְלָעִים || נבלעות/ נִבְלָעוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are swallowed | |||
| nivLA`
|nivLA`at |nivla`IM |nivla`OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 1
| נולד/ נוֹלָד || נולדת/ לוֹלֶדֶת || נולדים/ נוֹלָדִים || נולדות/ נוֹלָדוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are born | |||
| noLAD
|noLEdet |nolaDIM |nolaDOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 2
| נדון/ נָדוֹן || נדונה/ נְדוֹנָה || נדונים/ נְדוֹנִים || נדונות/ נְדוֹנוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are discussed | |||
| naDON
|nedoNA |nedoNIM |nedoNOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Vowel 3
| נשתה/ נִשְׁתֶּה || נשתית/ נִשְׁתֵּית || נשתים/ נִשְׁתִּים || נשתות/ נִשְׁתּוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are drunk | |||
| nishTE
|nishTET |nishTIM |nishTOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Alef 3
| נמצא/ נִמְצָא || נמצאת/ נִמְצֵאת || נמצאים/ נִמְצָאִים || נמצאות/ נִמְצָאוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are [at] | |||
| nimTSA
|nimTSET |nimtsa´IM |nimtsa´OT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Nun 1
| נישך/ נִשָּׁך || נישכת/ נִשֶּׁכֶת || נישכים/ נִשָּׁכִים || נישכות/ נִשָּׁכוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are bitten | |||
| niSHAKH
|niSHEkhet |nishaKHIM |nishaKHOT | |||
| rowspan="2" | Repeating
| נסב/ נָסָב || נסבה/ נְסַבָּה || נסבים/ נְסַבִּים || נסבות/ נְסַבּוֹת || rowspan="2" | is/are surrounding | |||
| naSAV
|nesaBA |nesaBIM |nesaBOT |
= Past tense =
A verb in the past tense ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|עָבָר}} {{IPA|/(ʔ)aˈvaʁ/}}
Conjugation in the past tense is done by adding a suffix (universal across binyanim) to a binyan-specific root, so that <{{lang|he|rtl=yes|שמר}}> "guarded" adds <{{lang|he|rtl=yes|־תי}}> "I" to become <{{lang|he|rtl=yes|שמרתי}}> "I guarded". The root changes depending on whether the suffix begins with a vowel or a consonant. The third person masculine singular pronoun (he/it) does not take a suffix and uses the plain stem; this is also the dictionary form for any given verb. There also used to be past-tense object suffixes, which came after the subject suffix, but these are obsolete.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Past tense subject suffixes ! rowspan="2" | Person ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־תִּי}} | colspan="2" |{{lang|he|rtl=yes|־נוּ}} |
| colspan="2" | -ti
| colspan="2" | -nu |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־תָּ}} |{{lang|he|rtl=yes|־תְּ}} |{{lang|he|rtl=yes|־תֶּם}} |{{lang|he|rtl=yes|־תֶּן}} |
| -ta
| -t | -tem |ten |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| rowspan="2" | no suffix |־ה/ -ָה | colspan="2" |{{lang|he|rtl=yes|־וּ}} |
| -a
| colspan="2" | -u |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Past tense patterns !rowspan="2"| Stem !colspan="3"| Suffix |
| None || Vowel || Consonant |
|---|
| colspan="4" |Pa'al (acted) |
| Strong
|1a2a3 || 1a23- || 1a2a3- |
| Guttural 2
|1a2a3 || 1a2a3- || 1a2a3- |
| Vowel 2
|1a3 || 1a3- || 1a3- |
| Vowel 3
|1a2a || 1a2- || 1a2i- |
| Repeating
|1a2 || 1a22- || 1a22o- |
| colspan="4" |Pi'el (caused action) |
| Strong
|1i22e3 || 1i223- || 1i22a3- |
| Guttural 3
|1i22a3 || 1i223- || 1i22a3- |
| Vowel 3
|1i22a || 1i22- || 1i22i- |
| Alef/'Ayin 2
|1e2e3 || 1e2a3- || 1e2a3- |
| Hey/Chet 2
|1i2e3 || 1i2a3- || 1i2a3- |
| Resh 2
|1ere3 || 1er3- || 1era3- |
| Alef 3
|1i22e´ || 1i22´- || 1i22e´- |
| Po'el
|1o2e3 || 1o23- || 1o2a3- |
| colspan="4" |Hif'il (caused action) |
| Strong
|hi12i3 || hi12i3- || hi12a3- |
| Guttural 1
|he1(e)2i3 || he1(e)2i3- || he1(e)2a3- |
| Vowel 1
|ho2i3 || ho2i3- || ho2a3- |
| Vowel 2
|he1i3 || he1i3- || he1a3- |
| Vowel 3
|hi12a || hi12- || hi12ey- |
| Alef 3
|hi12i´ || hi12i´- || hi12e´- |
| Nun 1
|hi22i3 || hi22i3- || hi22a3- |
| Repeating
|he1e2 || he1e22- || ha1i22o- |
| colspan="4" |Hitpa'el (caused to act) |
| Strong
|hit1a22e3 || hit1a223- || hit1a22a3- |
| scope="row" style="border-style: none inherit none;" | Zayin 1
|hizda22e3 || hizda22e3 || hizda22e3- |
| scope="row" style="border-style: none inherit none;" | Samekh/Sin 1
|hista22e3 || hista22e3 || hista22e3- |
| scope="row" style="border-style: none inherit none;" | Tsade 1
|hitzṭa22e3 || hitzṭa22e3 || hitzṭa22e3- |
| scope="row" style="border-style: none inherit inherit;" | Shin 1
|hišta22e3 || hišta22e3 || hištda22e3- |
| Guttural 2
|hit1a2e3 || hit1a2a3- || hit1a2a- |
| Guttural 3
|hit1a22ea3 || hit1a223- || hit1a22a3- |
| Vowel 3
|hit1a22e || hit1a22- || hit1a22ey- |
| Alef 3
|hit1a22e´ || hit1a22´- || hit1a22a´- |
| Hitpo'el
|hit1o2e3 || hit1o23- || hit1o2a3- |
| colspan="4" |Nif'al (caused to act) |
| Strong
|ni12a3 || ni12e3- || ni12a3- |
| Guttural 1
|ne1(e)2a3 || ne1(e)23- || ne1(e)2a3- |
| Guttural 2
|ni12a3 || ni12a3- || ni12a3- |
| Vowel 1
|no2a3 || no23- || no2a3- |
| Vowel 2
|na1o3 || na1o3- || ne1u3- |
| Vowel 3
|ni12a || ni12- || ni12ey- |
| Alef 3
|ni12a´ || ni12e´- || ni12´- |
| Nun 1
|ni22a3 || ni223- || ni22a3- |
| Repeating
|na1a2 || na1a3- || ne1a22o- |
| colspan="4" |Pu'al |
| Strong
|1u22a3 || 1u223- || 1u22a3- |
| Guttural 2
|1o2a3 || 1o2a3- || 1o2a3- |
| Vowel 3
|1u22a || 1u22- || 1u22e- |
| Alef 3
|1u22a´ ||1u22´- || 1u22e- |
| Po'al
|1o22a3 || 1o223- || 1o22a3- |
| colspan="4" |Huf'al |
| Strong
|hu12a3 || hu12e3- ||hu12a3- |
| Guttural 1
|ho1o2a3 || ho1o23- || ho1o2a3- |
| Guttural 2
|hu12a3 || hu12a3- ||hu12a3- |
| Nun 1
|hu22a3 || hu223- || hu22a3- |
| Repeating
|hu1a2 || hu1a22- || hu1a2- |
| Vowel 1, 2
|hu2a3 || hu23- || hu2a3- |
| Vowel 3
|hu12a || hu12- || hu12e- |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Past tense examples ! rowspan="3" |Stem ! colspan="2" |1st person ! colspan="4" |2nd person ! colspan="3" |3rd person ! rowspan="3" |Meaning |
| rowspan="2" |Singular
! rowspan="2" |Plural ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural ! colspan="2" |Singular ! rowspan="2" |Plural |
|---|
| Masculine || Feminine || Masculine || Feminine || Masculine || Feminine |
| colspan="11" |Pa'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
| כתבתי/ כָּתַבְתִּי || כתבנו/ כָּתַבְנוּ | כתבת/ כָּתַבְתָּ || כתבת/ כָּתַבְתְּ | כתבתם/ כְּתַבְתֶּם || כתבתן/ כְּתַבְתֶּן | כתב/ כָתַב | כתבה/ כָתְבָה || כתבו/ כָתְבוּ|| rowspan="2" | wrote |
| kaTAVti
|kaTAVnu |kaTAVta |kaTAVT |ktavTEM |ktavTEN |kaTAV |katVA |katVU |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|בחרתי/ בָּחַרְתִּי || בחרנו/ בָּחַרְנוּ |בחרת/ בָּחַרְתָּ || בחרת/ בָּחַרְתְּ |בחרתם/ בְּחַרְתֶּם || בחרתן/ בְּחַרְתֶּן |בחר/ בָּחַר |בחרה/ בָּחֲרָה || בחרו/ בָּחֲרוּ|| rowspan="2" | chose |
| baCHARti
|baCHARnu |baCHARta |baCHART |bcharTEM |bcharTEN |baCHAR |bachaRA |bachaRU |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|דנתי/ דַּנְתִּי || דנו/ דַּנּוּ |דנת/ דַּנְתָּ || דנת/ דַּנְתְּ |דנתם/ דַּנְתֶּם || דנתן/ דַּנְתֶּן |דן/ דָּן |דנה/ דָּנָה || דנו/ דָּנוּ|| rowspan="2" | discussed |
| DANti
|DANnu |DANta |DANT |danTEM |danTEN |dan |DAna |DAnu |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|שתיתי/ שָׁתִיתִי || שתינו/ שָׁתִינוּ |שתית/ שָׁתִיתָ || שתית/ שָׁתִיתְ |שתיתם/ שְׁתִיתֶם || שתיתן/ שְׁתִיתֶן |שתה/ שָׁתָה |שתתה/ שָׁתְתָה || שתו/ שָׁתוּ|| rowspan="2" | drank |
| shaTIti
|shaTInu |shaTIta |shaTIT |shtiTEM |shtiTEN |shaTA |shateTA |shaTU |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|סבותי/ סַבּוֹתִי | סבונו/ סַבּוֹנוּ |סבות/ סַבּוֹתָ || סבות/ סַבּוֹתְ |סבותם/ סַבּוֹתֶם || סבותן/ סַבּוֹתֶן |סב/ סַב |סבה/ סַבָּה || סבו/ סַבּוּ|| rowspan="2" | spun |
| saBOti (saVAVti)
|saBOnu (saVAVnu) |saBOta (saVAVta) |saBOT (saVAVT) |saboTEM (svavTEM) |saboTEN (svavTEN) |sav (saVAV) |SAba (saveVA) |SAbu (saveVU) |
| colspan="11" |Pi'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|נידבתי/ נִדַּבְתִּי || נידבנו/ נִדַּבְנוּ |נידבת/ נִדַּבְתָּ || נידבת/ נִדַּבְתְּ |נידבתם/ נִדַּבְתֶּם || נידבתן/ נִדַּבְתֶּן |נידב/ נִדֵּב |נידבה/ נִדְּבָה || נידבו/ נִדְּבוּ|| rowspan="2" | contributed |
| niDAVti
|niDAVnu |niDAVta |niDAVT |nidavTEM |nidavTEN |niDEV |nidVA |nidVU |
| rowspan="2" | Alef/ 'Ayin 2
|באסתי/ בֵּאַסְתִּי || באסנו/ בֵּאַסְנוּ |באסת/ בֵּאַסְתָּ || באסת/ בֵּאַסְתְּ |באסתם/ בֵּאַסְתֶּם || באסתן/ בֵּאַסְתֶּן |באס/ בֵּאֵס |התבאסה/ בֵּאֲסָה || באסו/ בֵּאֲסוּ|| rowspan="2" | made upset |
| be´ASti
|be´ASnu |be´ASta |be´AST |be´asTEM |be´asTEN |be´ES |be´aSA |be´aSU |
| rowspan="2" | Hey/ Chet 2
|שיחקתי/ שִׂחַקְתִּי || שיחקנו/ שִׂחַקְנוּ |שיחקת/ שִׂחַקְתָּ || שיחקת/ שִׂחַקְתְּ |שיחקתם/ שִׂחַקְתֶּם || שיחקתן/ שִׂחַקְתֶּן |שיחק/ שִׂחֵק |שיחקה/ שִׂחֲקָה || שיחקו/ שִׂחֲקוּ|| rowspan="2" | played |
| siCHAKti
|siCHAKnu |siCHAKta |siCHAKT |sichakTEM |sichakTEN |siCHEK |sichaKA |sichaKU |
| rowspan="2" |Resh 2
|סירבתי/ סֵרַבְתִּי ||סירבנו/ סֵרַבְנוּ |סירבת/ סֵרַבְתָּ ||סירבת/ סֵרַבְתְּ |סירבתם/ סֵרַבְתֶּם ||סירבתן/ סֵרַבְתֶּן |סירב/ סֵרֵב |סירבה/ סֵרְבָה ||סירבו/ סֵרְבוּ|| rowspan="2" | refused |
| seRAVti
|seRAVnu |seRAVta |seRAVT |seravTEM |seravTEN |seREV |serVA |serVU |
| rowspan="2" |Alef 3
|ביטאתי/ בִּטֵּאתִי ||ביטאנו/ בִּטֵּאנוּ |ביטאת/ בִּטֵּאתָ ||ביטאת/ בִּטֵּאת |ביטאתם/ בִּטֵּאתֶם ||ביטאתן/ בִּטֵּאתֶן |ביטא/ בִּטֵּא |ביטאה/ בִּטְּאָה ||ביטאו/ בִּטְּאוּ|| rowspan="2" | pronounced, stated |
| biTEti
|biTEnu |biTEta |biTET |biteTEM |biteTEN |biTE |bit´A |bit´U |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|שגעתי/ שִׁגַּעְתִּי ||שגענו/ שִׁגַּעְנוּ |שגעת/ שִׁגַּעְתָּ ||שגעת/ שִׁגַּעְתְּ |שגעתם/ שִׁגַּעְתֶּם ||שגעתן/ שִׁגַּעְתֶּן |שגע/ שִׁגֵּעַ |שגעה/ שִׁגְּעָה ||שגעו/ שִׁגְּעוּ|| rowspan="2" | drove crazy |
| shiGA`ti
|shiGA`nu |shiGA`ta |shiGA`t |shiga`TEM |shiga`TEN |shiGEA` |shig`A |shig`U |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|ניסיתי/ נִסִּיתִי ||ניסינו/ נִסִּינוּ |ניסית/ נִסִּיתָ ||ניסית/ נִסִּית |ניסיתם/ נִסִּיתֶם ||ניסיתן/ נִסִּיתֶן |ניסה/ נִסָּה |ניסתה/ נִסְּתָּה ||ניסו/ נִסּוּ|| rowspan="2" | tried |
| niSIti
|niSInu |niSIta |niSIT |nisiTEM |nisiTEN |niSA |nisTA |niSU |
| rowspan="2" |Po'el
|רוממתי/ רוֹמַמְתִּי ||רוממנו/ רוֹמַמְנוּ |רוממת/ רוֹמַמְתָּ ||רוממת/ רוֹמַמְתְּ |רוממתם/ רוֹמַמְתֶּם ||רוממתן/ רוֹמַמְתֶּן |רומם/ רוֹמֵם |רוממה/ רוֹמְמָה ||רוממו/ רוֹמְמוּ|| rowspan="2" | raised |
| roMAMti
|roNAMnu |roMAMta |roMAMT |romamTEM |romamTEN |roMEM |romeMA |romeMU |
| colspan="11" |Hif'il |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|הזמנתי/ הִזְמַנְתִּי ||הזמנו/ הִזְמַנּוּ |הזמנת/ הִזְמַנְתָּ ||הזמנת/ הִזְמַנְתְּ |הזמנתם/ הִזְמַנְתֶּם ||הזמנתן/ הִזְמַנְתֶּן |הזמין/ הִזְמִין |הזמינה/ הִזְמִינָה ||הזמינו/ הִזְמִינוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were invited, ordered |
| hizMANti
|hizMANnu |hizMANta |hizMANT |hizmanTEM |hizmanTEN |hizMIN |hizMIna |hizMInu |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|העדפתי/ הֶעֱדַפְתִּי ||העדפנו/ הֶעֱדַפְנוּ |העדפת/ הֶעֱדַפְתָּ ||העדפת/ הֶעֱדַפְתְּ |העדפתם/ הֶעֱדַפְתֶּם ||העדפתן/ הֶעֱדַפְתֶּן |העדיף/ הֶעֱדִיף |העדיפה/ הֶעֱדִיפָה ||העדיפו/ הֶעֱדִיפוּ|| rowspan="2" | preferred |
| he`eDAFti
|he`eDAFnu |he`eDAFta |he`eDAFT |he`edafTEM |he`edafTEN |he`eDIF |he`eDIfa |he`eDIfu |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|הובלתי/ הוֹבַלְתִּי ||הובלנו/ הוֹבַלְנוּ |ָהובלת/ הוֹבַלתּ ||הובלת/ הוֹבַלְתְּ |הובלתם/ הוֹבַלְתֶּם ||הובלתן/ הוֹבַלְתֶּן |הוביל/ הוֹבִיל |הובילה/ הוֹבִילָה ||הובילו/ הוֹבִילוּ|| rowspan="2" | led |
| hoVALti
|hoVALnu |hoVALta |hoVALT |hovalTEM |hovalTEN |hoVIL |hoVIla |hoVIlu |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|הבנתי/ הֵבַנְתִּי ||הבנו/ הֵבַנּוּ |הבנת/ הֵבַנְתָּ ||הבנת/ הֵבַנְתְּ |הבנתם/ הֲבַנְתֶּם ||הבנתן/ הֲבַנְתֶּן |הבין/ הֵבִין |הבינה/ הֵבִינָה ||הבינו/ הֵבִינוּ|| rowspan="2" | understood |
| heVANti
|heVANnu |heVANta |heVANT |havanTEM |havanTEN |heVIN |heVIna |heVInu |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|הפניתי/ הִפְנֵיתִי ||הפנינו/ הִפְנֵינוּ |הפנית/ הִפְנֵיתָ ||הפנית/ הִפְנֵית |הפניתם/ הִפְנֵיתֶם ||הפניתן/ הִפְנֵיתֶן |הפנה/ הִפְנָה |הפנתה/ הִפְנְתָה ||הפנו/ הִפְנוּ|| rowspan="2" | turned |
| hifNEti
|hifNEnu |hifNEta |hifNET |hifneTEM |hifneTEN |hifNA |hifneTA |hifNU |
| rowspan="2" |Alef 3
|הקפאתי/ הִקְפֵּאתִי ||הקפאנו/ הִקפֵּאנוּ |הקפאת/ הִקְפֵּאתָ ||הקפאת/ הִקְפֵּאת |הקפאתם/ הִקְפֵּאתֶם ||הקפאתן/ הִקְפֵּאתֶן |הקפיא/ הִקְפִּא |הקפיאה/ הִקְפִּאָה ||הקפיאו/ הִקְפִּיאוּ|| rowspan="2" | froze |
| hikPEti
|hikPEnu |hikPEta |hikPET |hikpeTEM |hikpeTEN |hikPI |hikPI´a |hikPI´u |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|הבטתי/ הִבַּטְתִּי ||הבטנו/ הִבַּטְנוּ |הבטת/ הִבַּטְתָּ ||הבטת/ הִבַּטְתְּ |הבטתם/ הִבַּטְתֶּם ||הבטתן/ הִבַּטְתֶּן |הביט/ הִבִּיט |הביטה/ הִבִּיטָה ||הביטו/ הִבִּיטוּ|| rowspan="2" | knew [a person], recognized |
| hiBAteti
|hiBATnu |hiBAteta |hiBAtet |hibateTEM |hibateTEN |hiBIT |hiBIta |hiBItu |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|הסיבותי/ הֲסִבּוֹתִי ||הסיבונו/ הֲסִבּוֹנוּ |הסיבות/ הֲסִבּוֹתָ ||הסיבות/ הֲסִבּוֹת |הסיבותם/ הֲסִבּוֹתֶם ||הסיבותן/ הֲסִבּוֹתֶן |הסב/ הֵסֵב |הסבה/ הֵסֵבָּה ||הסבו/ הֵסֵבּוּ|| rowspan="2" | changed |
| hasiBOti (heSAVti)
|hasiBOnu (heSAVnu) |hasiBOta (heSAVta) |hasiBOT (heSAVT) |hasiboTEM (hasavTEM) |hasiboTEN (hasavTEN) |heSEV |heSEba |heSEbu |
| colspan="11" |Hitpa'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|התנדבתי/ הִתְנַדַּבְתִּי ||התנדבנו/ הִתְנַדַּבְנוּ |התנדבת/ הִתְנַדַּבְתָּ ||התנדבת/ הִתְנַדַּבְתְּ |התנדבתם/ הִתְנַדַּבְתֶּם ||התנדבתן/ הִתְנַדַּבְתֶּן |התנדב/ הִתְנַדֵּב |התנדבה/ הִתְנַדְּבָה ||התנדבו/ הִתְנַדְּבוּ|| rowspan="2" | volunteered |
| hitnaDAVti
|hitnaDAVnu |hitnaDAVta |hitnaDAVT |hitnadavTEM |hitnadavTEN |hitnaDEV |hitnadVA |hitnadVU |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|התבאסתי/ הִתְבָּאַסְתִּי ||התבאסנו/ הִתְבָּאַסְנוּ |התבאסת/ הִתְבָּאַסְתָּ ||התבאסת/ הִתְבָּאַסְתְּ |התבאסתם/ הִתְבָּאַסְתֶּם ||התבאסתן/ הִתְבָּאַסְתֶּן |התבאס/ הִתְבָּאֵס |התבאסה/ הִתְבָּאֲסָה ||התבאסו/ הִתְבָּאֲסוּ|| rowspan="2" | got upset |
| hitba´ASti
|hitba´ASnu |hitba´ASta |hitba´AST |hitba´asTEM |hitba´asTEN |hitba´ES |hitba´aSA |hitba´aSU |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|השתגעתי/ הִשְׁתַּגַּעְתִּי ||השתגענו/ הִשְׁתַּגַּעְנוּ |השתגעת/ הִשְׁתַּגַּעְתָּ ||השתגעת/ הִשְׁתַּגַּעְתְּ |השתגעתם/ הִשְׁתַּגַּעְתֶּם ||השתגעתן/ הִשְׁתַּגַּעְתֶּן |השתגע/ הִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ |השתגעה/ הִשְׁתַּגְּעָה ||השתגעו/ הִשְׁתַּגְּעוּ|| rowspan="2" | went crazy |
| hishtaGA`ti
|hishtaGA`nu |hishtaGA`ta |hishtaGA`t |hishtaga`TEM |hishtaga`TEN |hishtaGEA` |hishtag`A |hishtag`U |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|התנסיתי/ הִתְנַסֵּיתִי ||התנסינו/ הִתְנַסֵּינוּ |התנסית/ הִתְנַסֵּיתָ ||התנסית/ הִתְנַסֵּית |התנסיתם/ הִתְנַסֵּיתֶם ||התנסיתן/ הִתְנַסֵּיתֶן |התנסה/ הִתְנַסָּה |התנסתה/ הִתְנַסְּתָה ||התנסו/ הִתְנַסּוּ|| rowspan="2" | experienced |
| hitnaSEti
|hitnaSEnu |hitnaSEta |hitnaSET |hitnaseTEM |hitnaseTEN |hitnaSA |hitnasTA |hitnaSU |
| rowspan="2" |Alef 3
|הבטאתי/ הִתְבַּטֵּאתִי ||התבטאנו/ הִתְבַּטֵּאנוּ |התבטאת/ הִתְבַּטֵּאתָ ||התבטאת/ הִתְבַּטֵּאת |התבטאתם/ הִתבַּטֵּאתֶם ||התבטאתן/ הִתבַּטֵּאתֶן |התבטא/ הִתְבַּטֵּא |התבטאה/ הִתְבַּטְּאָה ||התבטאו/ הִתְבַּטְּאוּ|| rowspan="2" | spoke out |
| hitbaTEti
|hitbaTEnu |hitbaTEta |hitbaTET |hitbateTEM |hitbateTEN |hitbaTE |hitbat´A |hitbat´U |
| rowspan="2" |Hitpo'el
|התרוממתי/ הִתְרוֹמַמְתִּי ||התרוממנו/ הִתְרוֹמַמְנוּ |התרוממת/ הִתרוֹמַמְתָּ ||התרוממת/ הִתְרוֹמַמְתְּ |התרוממתם/ הִתְרוֹמַמְתֶּם ||התרוממתן/ הִתְרוֹמַמְתֶּן |התרומם/ הִתְרוֹמֵם |התרוממה/ הִתְרוֹמְמָה ||התרוממו/ הִתְרוֹמְמוּ|| rowspan="2" | rose |
| hitroMAMti
|hitroMAMnu |hitroMANta |hitroMAMT |hitromamTEN |hitromamTEN |hitroMEM |hitromeMA |hitromeMU |
| colspan="11" |Nif'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|נכתבתי/ נִכְתַּבְתִּי ||נכתבנו/ נִכְתַּבְנוּ |נכתבת/ נִכְתַּבְתָּ ||נכתבת/ נִכְתַּבְתְּ |נכתבתם/ נִכְתַּבְתֶּם ||נכתבן/ נִכְתַּבְתֶּן |נכתב/ נִכְתַּב |נכתבה/ נִכְתְּבָה ||נכתבה/ נִכְתְּבוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were written |
| nikhTAVti
|nikhTAVnu |nikhTAVta |nikhTAVT |nikhtavTEM |nikhtavTEN |nikhTAV |nikhteVA |nikhteVU |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|נאכלתי/ נֶאֱכַלְתִּי ||נאכלנו/ נֶאֱכַלְנוּ |נאכלת/ נֶאֱכַלְתָּ ||נאכלת/ נֶאֱכַלְתְּ |נאכלתם/ נֶאֱכַלְתֶּם |נאכלתן/ נֶאֱכַלְתֶּם |נאכל/ נֶאֱכַל |נאכלה/ נֶאֱכְלָה ||נאכלו/ נֶאֱכְלוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were eaten |
| ne´eKHALti
|ne´eKHALnu |ne´eKHALta |ne´eKHALT |ne´ekhalTEM |ne´ekhalTEN |ne´eKHAL |ne´ekhLA |ne´ekhLU |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|נבחרתי/ נִבְחַרְתִּי ||נבחרנו/ נִבְחַרְנוּ |נבחרת/ נִבְחַרְתָּ ||נבחרת/ נִבְחַרְתְּ |נבחרתם/ נִבְחַרְתֶּם ||נבחרתן/ נִבְחַרְתֶּן |נבחר/ נִבְחַר |נבחרה/ נִבְחֲרָה ||נבחרו/ נִבְחֲרוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were chosen |
| nivCHARti
|nivCHARnu |nivCHARta |nivCHART |nivcharTEM |nivcharTEN |nivCHAR |nivchaRA |nivchaRU |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|נולדתי/ נוֹלַדְתִּי ||נולדנו/ נוֹלַדְנוּ |נולדת/ נוֹלַדְתָּ ||נולדת/ נוֹלַדְתְּ |נולדתם/ נוֹלַדְתֶּם ||נולדתן/ נוֹלַדְתֶּן |נולד/ נוֹלַד |נולדה/ נוֹלְדָה ||נולדו/ נוֹלְדוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were born |
| noLAdeti
|noLADnu |noLAdeta |noLAdet |noladeTEM |noladeTEN |noLAD |nolDA |nolDU |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|נידונתי/ נִדֹּנְתִּי ||נידונו/ נִדֹּנּוּ |נידונת/ נִדֹּנְתָּ ||נידונת/ נִדֹּנְתְּ |נידונתם/ נִדָּנְתֶּם ||נידונתן/ נִדָּנְתֶּן |נידון/ נִדּוֹן |נידונה/ נִדּוֹנָה ||נידונו/ נִדּוֹנוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were discussed |
| niDONti
|niDONnu |niDONta |niDONT |nidonTEM |nidonTEN |niDON |niDOna |niDOnu |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|נשתיתי/ נִשְׁתֵּיתִי ||נשתינו/ נִשְׁתֵּינוּ |נשתית/ נִשְׁתֵּיתָ ||נשתית/ נִשְׁתֵּית |נשתיתם/ נִשְׁתֵּיתֶם ||נשתיתן/ נִשְׁתֵּיתֶן |נשתה/ נִשְׁתָּה |נשתתה/ נִשְׁתְּתָה ||נשתו/ נִשְׁתּוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were drank |
| nishTEti
|nishTEnu |nishTEta |nishTET |nishteTEM |nishteTEN |nishTA |nishteTA |nishTU |
| rowspan="2" |Alef 3
|נמצאתי/ נִמְצֵאתִי ||נִמְצֵאנוּ/ נמצאנו |נִמְצֵאתָ/ נמצאת ||נִמְצֵאת/ נמצאת | נִמְצֵאתֶם/ נמצאתם||נִמְצֵאתֶן/ נמצאתן |נִמְצָא/ נמצא |נִמְצְאָה/ נמצאה||נִמְצְאוּ/ נמצאוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were [at] |
| nimTSEti
|nimTSEnu |nimTSEta |nimTSET |nimtseTEM |nimtseTEN |nimTSA |nimtse´A |nimtse´U |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|ניתנתי/ נִתַּנְתִּי ||ניתנו/ נִתַּנּוּ |ניתנת/ נִתַּנְתָּ ||ניתנת/ נִתַּנְתְּ |ניתנתם/ נִתַּנְתֶּם ||ניתנתן/ נִתַּנְתֶּן |ניתן/ נִתַּן |נינתנה/ נִתְּנָה ||נינתנו/ נִתְּנוּ|| rowspan="2" | was/were given/ let |
| niTANti
|niTANnu |niTANta |niTANT |nitanTEM |nitanTEN |niTAN |nitNA |nitNU |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|נסבותי/ נְסַבּוֹתִי ||נסבונו/ נְסַבּוֹנוּ |נסבות/ נְסַבּוֹתָ ||נסבות/ נְסַבּוֹת |נסבותם/ נְסַבּוֹתֶם ||נסבותן/ נְסַבּוֹתֶן |נסב/ נָסַב |נסבה/ נָסַבָּה ||נסבו/ נָסַבּוּ|| rowspan="2" | surrounded |
| nesaBOti
|nesaBOnu |nesaBOta |nesaBOT |nesaboTEM |nesaboTEM |naSAV |naSAba |naSAbu |
= Past participle =
Present participles are the same as present tense forms, as the Modern Hebrew present tense comes from a present participle form. Not all past participles shown here correspond to an existent adjective or one congruent to the verb's meaning; the ones shown here are just examples.
Past participles are formed according to the tables shown below. The past participle is also commonly used as an adjective (similar to English), and is inflected for number and gender. The passive and reflexive binyans hitpa'el, nif'al, pu'al, and huf'al lack passive participles.
Pa'al verbs that have a nif'al form corresponding to its passive voice use the pa'al participle and nif'al present to indicate different states of completion.
The pa'al past participle indicates an action is completely done:
- {{lang|he|rtl=yes|הַסְּפָרִים כְּתוּבִים}} {{IPA|/(h)a.sfaˈʁim ktuˈvim/}} ("the books are written")
The nif'al present tense indicates that the action is still being done:
- {{lang|he|rtl=yes|הַסְּפָרִים נִכְתָּבִים}} {{IPA|/(h)a.sfaˈʁim niχtaˈvim/}} ("the books are being written")
As shown below, pi'el and hif'il past participles use the present tense of the passive forms pu'al and huf'al, respectively.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Past participle patterns ! rowspan="2" |Stem ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Pa'al |
| Strong
|1a2u3 |12u3a |12u3im |12u3ot |
| Guttural 1
|1a2u3 |1a2u3a |1a2u3im |1a2u3ot |
| Guttural 3
|1a2ua3 |12u3a |12u3im |12u3ot |
| Vowel 3
|1a2uy |12uya |12uyim |12uyot |
| colspan="5" |Pi'el |
| Strong
|me1u22a3 |me1u22e3et |me1u22a3im |me1u22a3ot |
| Guttural 2
|me1u2a3 |me1u2e3et |me1u2a3im |me1u2a3ot |
| Guttural 3
|me1u22a3 |me1u22a3at |me1u22a3im |me1u22a3ot |
| Vowel 3
|me1u22e |me1u22a |me1u22im |me1u22ot |
| Resh 2
|me1ora3 |me1ore3et |me1ora3im |me1ora3ot |
| Po'el
|me1o2a3 |me1o2e3et |me1o2a3im |me1o2a3ot |
| colspan="5" |Hif'il |
| Strong
|mu12a3 |mu12e3et |mu12a3im |mu12a3ot |
| Guttural 3
|mu12a3 |mu12a3at |mu12a3im |mu12a3ot |
| Vowel 1
|mu2a3 |mu2e3et |mu2a3im |mu2a3ot |
| Vowel 2
|mu1a3 |mu1e3et |mu1a3im |mu1a3ot |
| Vowel 3
|mu12e |mu12a |mu12im |mu12ot |
| Nun 1
|mu11a3 |mu11e3et |mu11a3im |mu11a3ot |
| Repeating
|mu1a2 |mu1a22a |mu1a22im |mu1a22ot |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Past participle examples |
| rowspan="2" | Stem
! colspan="2" | Singular ! colspan="2" | Plural ! rowspan="2" | Meaning |
|---|
| Masculine || Feminine || Masculine || Feminine |
| colspan="6" |Pa'al |
| rowspan="2" | Strong
| כתוב/ כָתוּב || כתובה/ כְתוּבָה || כתובים/ כתוּבִים || כתובות/ כְתוּבוֹת || rowspan="2" | written |
| kaTUV
|ktuVA |ktuVIM |ktuVOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|אכול/ אָכוּל |אכולה/ אֲכוּלָה |אכולים/ אֲכוּלִים |אכולות/ אֲכוּלוֹת | rowspan="2" |eaten |
| aKHUL
|akhuLA |akhuLIM |akhuLOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|בלוע/ בָּלוּעַ |בלועה/ בְּלוּעָה |בלועים/ בְּלוּעִים |בלועות/ בְּלוּעוֹת | rowspan="2" |swallowed |
| baLUA`
|blu`A |blu`IM |blu`OT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|שתוי/ שָׁתוּי |שתויה/ שְׁתוּיָה |שתויים/ שְׁתוּיִים |שתויות/ שְׁתוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" |drunk |
| shaTUY
|shtuYA |shtuYIM |shtuYOT |
| colspan="6" | Pi'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|מנודב/ מְנֻדָּב |מנודבת/ מְנֻדֶּבֶת |מנודבים/ מְנֻדָּבִים |מנודבות/ מְנֻדָּבוֹת | rowspan="2" |contributed |
| menuDAV
|menuDEvet |menudaVIM |menudaVOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|משוחק/ מְשֻׂחָק |משוחקת/ מְשֻׂחֶקֶת |משוחקים/ מְשֻׂחָקִים |משוחקות/ מְשֻׂחָקוֹת | rowspan="2" |played |
| mesuCHAK
|mesuCHEket |mesuchaKIM |mesuchaKOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|משוגע/ מְשֻׁגַּע |משוגעת/ מְשֻׁגַּעַת |משוגעים/ מְשֻׁגָּעִים |משוגעות/ מְשֻׁגָּוֹת | rowspan="2" |crazy |
| meshuGA`
|meshuGA`at |meshuga`IM |meshuga`OT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|מנוסה/ מְנֻסֶּה |מנוסה/ מְנֻסָּה |מנוסים/ מְנֻסִּים |מנוסות/ מְנֻסּוֹת | rowspan="2" |experienced |
| menuSE
|menuSA |menuSIM |menuSOT |
| rowspan="2" |Resh 2
|מסורב/ מְסֹרָב |מסורבת/ מְסֹרֶבֶת |מסורבים/ מְסֹרָבִים |מסורבות/ מְסֹרָבוֹת | rowspan="2" |refused |
| mesoRAV
|mesoREvet |mesoraVIM |mesoraVOT |
| rowspan="2" |Po'el
|מרומם/ מְרוֹמָם |מרוממת/ מְרוֹמֶמֶת |מרוממים/ מְרוֹמָמִים |מרוממות/ מְרוֹמָמוֹת | rowspan="2" |raised |
| meroMAM
|meroMEmet |meromaMIM |meromaMOT |
| colspan="6" | Hif'il |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|מוזמן/ מֻזְמָן |מוזמנת/ מֻזְמֶנֶת |מוזמנים/ מֻזְמָנִים |מוזמנות/ מֻזְמָנוֹת | rowspan="2" |invited, ordered |
| muzMAN
|muzMEnet |muzmaNIM |muzmaNOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|מופתע/ מֻפְתַּע |מופתעת/ מֻפְתַּעַת |מופתעים/ מוּפְתָּעִים |מופתעות/ מֻפְתָּעוֹת | rowspan="2" |surprised |
| mufTA`
|mufTA`at |mufta`IM |mufta`OT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|מובל/ מוֹבָל |מובלת/ מוֹבֶלֶת |מובלים/ מוֹבָלִים |מובלות/ מוֹבָלוֹת | rowspan="2" |led |
| moVAL
|moVElet |movaLIM |movaLOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|מובן/ מוּבָן |מובנת/ מוּבֶנֶת |מובנים/ מוּבָנִים |מובנות/ מוּבָנוֹת | rowspan="2" |understood |
| muVAN
|muVEnet |muvaNIM |muvaNOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|מופנה/ מֻפְנֶה |מופנה/ מֻפְנָה |מופנים/ מֻפְנִים |מופנות/ מֻפְנוֹת | rowspan="2" |turned |
| mufNE
|mufNA |mufNIM |mufNOT |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|מוכר/ מֻכָּר |מוכרת/ מֻכֶּרֶת |מוכרים/ מֻכָּרִים |מוכרות/ מֻכָּרוֹת | rowspan="2" |recognized |
| muKAR
|muKEret |mukaRIM |mukaROT |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|מוסב/ מוּסָב |מוסבה/ מוּסֶבֶת |מוסבים/ מוּסַבִּים |מוסבות/ מוּסַבִּוֹת | rowspan="2" |changed |
| muSAV
|muSEvet |musaBIM |musaBOT |
=Future tense =
A verb in the future tense ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|עָתִיד}} {{IPA|/(ʔ)aˈtid/}} 'atid) inflects for person, number, and gender; which is expressed by adding prefixes and suffixes to stems shown below. The second-person singular masculine and third-person singular feminine forms are identical for all verbs in the future tense. Historically, there have been separate feminine forms for the second and third person plural (shown in italics on the table). These are still occasionally used today (most often in formal settings); however, in everyday speech, most use the historically masculine plural for both genders.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Future tense subject affixes ! rowspan="2" | Person ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| 1st person
| colspan="2" | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|א־}} | colspan="2" | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|נ־}} |
| 2nd person
| {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ת־}} | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ת־ -ִי}} | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ת־ ־וּ}} ||rowspan="2"| {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ת־ ־נָה}} |
| 3rd person
| {{lang|he|rtl=yes|י־}} | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ת־}} | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|י־ ־וּ}} |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Future tense patterns ! rowspan="3" |Stem ! colspan="2" |1st person ! colspan="4" | ! colspan="4" | |
| rowspan="2" |Singular {{lang|he|rtl=yes|א־}} / '- ! rowspan="2" |Plural ! colspan="2" |2nd person Singular ! colspan="2" |3rd person Singular ! colspan="2" |2nd person Plural ! colspan="2" |3rd person Plural |
|---|
| Masculine {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ת־}}/ t- !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
| colspan="11" |Pa'al |
| Strong
|´e12o3 |ni12o3 |ti12o3 |ti12e3i |yi12o3 |ti12o3 |ti12e3u |ti12o3na |yi12e3u |ti12o3na |
| Guttural 1
|´e1e2o3 |na1a2o3 |ta1a2o3 |ta1a23i |ya1a2o3 |ta1a2o3 |ta1a23u |ta1a2o3na |ya1a23u |ta1a2o3na |
| Guttural 2
|´e12a3 |ni12a3 |ti12a3 |ti12a3i |yi12a3 |ti12a3 |ti12a3u |ti12a3na |yi12a3u |ti12a3na |
| Guttural 3 or stative (like {{lang|he|rtl=yes|לִלְמֹד}})
|´e12a3 |ni12a3 |ti12a3 |ti12e3i |yi12a3 |ti12a3 |ti12e3u |ti12a3na |yi12e3u |ti12a3na |
| Vowel 3
|´e12e |ni12e |ti12e |ti12i |yi12e |ti12e |ti12u |ti12ena |yi12u |ti12ena |
| Alef 1
|´o2a3 |no2a3 |to2a3 |to23i |yo2a3 |to2a3 |to23u |to2a3na |yo23u |to2a3na |
| Vav 1
|´e2a3 |ne2a3 |te2a3 |te23i |ye2a3 |te2a3 |te23u |te1a3na |ye23u |te1a3na |
| Vav 2
|´a1u3 |na1u3 |ta1u3 |ta1u3i |ya1u3 |ta1u3 |ta1u3u |ta1o3na |ya1u3u |ta1o3na |
| Yud 1
|´i2a3 |ni2a3 |ti2a3 |ti23i |yi2a3 |ti2a3 |ti23u |ti2a3na |yi23u |ti2a3na |
| Yud 2
|´a1i3 |na1i3 |ta1i3 |ta1i3i |ya1i3 |ta1i3 |ta1i3u |ta1e3na |ya1i3u |ta1e3na |
| Nun 1
|´e22o3 |ni22o3 |ti22o3 |ti22e3i |yi22o3 |ti22o3 |ti22e3u |ti22a3na |yi22e3u |ti22a3na |
| Repeating
|´a1o2 |na1o2 |ta1o2 |ta1o22i |ya1o2 |ta1o2 |ta1o22u |te1u22ena |ya1o22u |te1u22ena |
| colspan="11" |Pi'el |
| Strong
|´a1a22e3 |ne1a22e3 |te1a22e3 |te1a223i |ye1a22e3 |te1a22e3 |te1a223u |te1a22e3na |ye1a223u |te1a22e3na |
| Guttural 2
|´a1a2e3 |ne1a2e3 |te1a2e3 |te1a2a3i |ye1a2e3 |te1a2e3 |te1a2a3u |te1a2e3na |ye1a2a3u |te1a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|´a1a22ea3 |ne1a22ea3 |te1a22ea3 |te1a223i |ye1a22ea3 |te1a22ea3 |te1a223u |te1a22a3na |ye1a223u |te1a22a3na |
| Vowel 3
|´a1a22e |ne1a22e |te1a22e |te1a22i |ye1a22e |te1a22e |te1a22u |te1a22ena |ye1a22u |te1a22ena |
| Po'el
|´a1o2e3 |ne1o2e3 |te1o2e3 |te1o23i |ye1o2e3 |te1o2e3 |te1o23u |te1o2e3na |ye1o23u |te1o2e3na |
| colspan="11" |Hif'il |
| Strong
|´a12i3 |na12i3 |ta12i3 |ta12i3i |ya12i3 |ta12i3 |ta12i3u |ta12e3na |ya12i3u |ta12e3na |
| Guttural 1
|´a1a2i3 |na1a2i3 |ta1a2i3 |ta1a2i3i |ya1a2i3 |ta1a2i3 |ta1a2i3u |ta1a2e3na |ya1a2i3u |ta1a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|´a12ia3 |na12ia3 |ta12ia3 |ta12i3i |ya12ia3 |ta12ia3 |ta12i3u |ta12a3na |ya12i3u |ta12a3na |
| Vowel 1
|´o2i3 |no2i3 |to2i3 |to2i3i |yo2i3 |to2i3 |to2i3u |to2e3na |yo2i3u |to2e3na |
| Vowel 2
|´a1i3 |na1i3 |ta1i3 |ta1i3i |ya1i3 |ta1i3 |ta1i3u |ta1e3na |ya1i3u |ta1e3na |
| Vowel 3
|´a12e |na12e |ta12e |ta12i |ya12e |ta12e |ta12u |ta12ena |ya12u |ta12ena |
| Nun 1
|´a22i3 |na22i3 |ta22i3 |ta22i3i |ya22i3 |ta22i3 |ta22i3u |ta22e3na |ya22i3u |ta22e3na |
| Repeating
|´a1e2 |na1e2 |ta1e2 |ta1i22i |ya1e2 |ta1e2 |ta1i22u |te1i22ena |ya1i22u |te1i22ena |
| colspan="11" |Hitpa'el |
| Strong
|´et1a22e3 |nit1a22e3 |tit1a22e3 |tit1a223i |yit1a22e3 |tit1a22e3 |tit1a223u |tit1a22e3na |yit1a223u |tit1a22e3na |
| Guttural 2
|´et1a2e3 |nit1a2e3 |tit1a2e3 |tit1a2a3i |yit1a2e3 |tit1a2e3 |tit1a2a3u |tit1a2e3na |yit1a2a3u |tit1a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|´et1a22ea3 |nit1a23ea3 |tit1a23ea3 |tit1a223i |yit1a23ea3 |tit1a23ea3 |tit1a223u |tit1a22a3na |yit1a223u |tit1a22a3na |
| Vowel 3
|´et1a22e |nit1a22e |tit1a22e |tit1a22i |yit1a22e |tit1a22e |tit1a22u |tit1a22ena |yit1a22u |tit1a22ena |
| Hitpo'el
|´et1o2e3 |nit1o2e3 |tit1o2e3 |tit1o23i |yit1o2e3 |tit1o2e3 |tit1o23u |tit1o2e3na |yit1o23u |tit1o2e3na |
| colspan="11" |Nif'al |
| Strong
|´e11a2e3 |ni11a2e3 |ti11a2e3 |ti11a23i |yi11a2e3 |ti11a2e3 |ti11a23u |ti11a2e3na |yi11a23u |ti11a2e3na |
| Guttural 1
|´e1a2e3 |ne1a2e3 |te1a2e3 |te1a23i |ye1a2e3 |te1a2e3 |te1a23u |te1a2e3na |ye1a23u |te1a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|´e11a2a3 |ni11a2a3 |ti11a2a3 |ti11a2a3i |yi11a2a3 |ti11a2a3 |ti11a2a3u |ti11a2a3na |yi11a2a3u |ti11a2a3na |
| Vowel 1
|´eva2e3 |niva2e3 |tiva2e3 |tiva23i |yiva2e3 |tiva2e3 |tiva23u |tiva2e3na |yiva23u |tiva2e3na |
| Vowel 2
|´e11o3 |ni11o3 |ti11o3 |ti11o3i |yi11o3 |ti11o3 |ti11o3u |ti11o3ena |yi11o3u |ti11o3ena |
| Vowel 3
|´e11a2e |ni11a2e |ti11a2e |ti11a2i |yi11a2e |ti11a2e |ti11a2u |ti11a2ena |yi11a2u |ti11a2ena |
| Repeating
|´e11a2 |ni11a2 |ti11a2 |ti11a22i |yi11a2 |ti11a2 |ti11a22u |ti11a22ena |yi11a22u |ti11a22ena |
| colspan="11" |Pu'al |
| Strong
|´a1u22a3 |ne1u22a3 |te1u22a3 |te1u223i |ye1u22a3 |te1u22a3 |te1u223u |te1u22a3na |ye1u223u |te1u22a3na |
| Guttural 2
|´a1u2a3 |ne1u2a3 |te1u2a3 |te1u2a3i |ye1u2a3 |te1u2a3 |te1u2a3u |te1u2a3na |ye1u2a3u |te1u2a3na |
| Resh 2
|´a1ora3 |ne1ora3 |te1ora3 |te1or3i |ye1ora3 |te1ora3 |te1or3u |te1ora3na |ye1or3u |te1ora3na |
| Vowel 3
|´a1u22e |ne1u22e |te1u22e |te1u22i |ye1u22e |te1u22e |te1u22u |te1u22eyna |ye1u22u |ye1u22eyna |
| Alef 3
|´a1u2a |ne1u2a |te1u2a |te1u2´i |ye1u2a |te1u2a |te1u2´u |te1u2ena |ye1u2´u |te1u2ena |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Future tense examples ! rowspan="3" |Stem ! colspan="2" |1st person ! colspan="4" | ! colspan="4" | ! rowspan="3" |Meaning |
| rowspan="2" |Singular
! rowspan="2" |Plural ! colspan="2" |2nd person Singular ! colspan="2" |3rd person Singular ! colspan="2" |2nd person Plural ! colspan="2" |3rd person Plural |
|---|
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
| colspan="12" |Pa'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|אכתוב/ אֶכְתֹּב |נכתוב/ נִכְתֹּב |תכתוב/ תִּכְתֹּב |תכתבי/ תִּכְתְּבִי |יכתוב/ יִכְתֹּב |תכתוב/ תִּכְתֹּב |תכתבו/ תִּכְתְּוּ |תכתובנה/ תִּכְתֹּבְנָה |יכתבו/ יִכְתְּבוּ |תכתובנה/ תִּכְתֹּבְנָה | rowspan="2" |will write |
| ´ekhTOV
|nikhTOV |tikhTOV |tikhteVI |yikhTOV |tikhTOV |tikhteVU |tikhTOVna |yikhteVU |tikhTOVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|אעצור/ אֶעֱצֹר |נעצור/ נַעֲצֹר |תעצור/ תַּעֲצֹר |תעצרי/ תַּעֲצְרִי |יעצור/ יַעֲצֹר |תעצור/ תַּעֲצֹר |תעצרו/ תַּעֲצְרוּ |תעצורנה/ תַּעֲצֹרְנָה |יעצרו/ יַעֲצְרוּ |תעצורנה/ תַּעֲצֹרְנָה | rowspan="2" |will stop |
| ´e`eTSOR
|na`aTSOR |ta`aTSOR |ta`atsRI |ya`aTSOR |ta`aTSOR |ta`atsRU |ta`aTSORna |ya`atsRU |ta`aTSORna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3 or stative
|אבלע/ אֶבְלַע |נבלע/ נִבְלַע |תבלע/ תִּבְלַע |תבלעי/ תִּבְלְעִי |יבלע/ יִבְלַע |תבלע/ תִּבְלַע |תבלעו/ תִּבְלְעוּ |תבלענה/ תִּבְלַעְנָה |יבלעו/ יִבְלְעוּ |תבלענה/ תִּבְלַעְנָה | rowspan="2" |will swallow |
| ´evLA`
|nivLA` |tivLA` |tivle`I |yivLA` |tivLA` |tivle`U |tivLA`na |yivle`U |tivLA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|אשתה/ אֶשְׁתֶּה |נשתה/ נִשְׁתֶּה |תשתה/ תִּשְׁתֶּה |תשתי/ תִּשְׁתִּי |ישתה/ יִשְׁתֶּה |תשתה/ תִּשְׁתֶּה |תשתו/ תִּשְׁתוּ |תשתינה/ תִּשְׁתֶּינָה |ישתו/ יִשְׁתּוּ |תשתינה/ תִּשְׁתֶּינָה | rowspan="2" |will drink |
| ´eshTE
|nishTE |tishTE |tishTI |yishTE |tishTE |tishTU |tishTEna |yishTU |tishTEna |
| rowspan="2" |Alef 1
|אוכל/ אֹכַל |נאכל/ נֹאכַל |תאכל/ תֹּאכַל |תאכלי/ תֹּאכְלִי |יאכל/ יֹאכַל |תאכל/ תֹּאכַל |תאכלו/ תֹּאכְלוּ |תאכלנה/ תֹּאכַלְנָה |יאכלו/ יֹאכְלוּ |תאכלנה/ תֹּאכַלְנָה | rowspan="2" |will eat |
| ´oKHAL
|noKHAL |toKHAL |tokhLI |yoKHAL |toKHAL |tokhLU |toKHALna |yokhLU |toKHALna |
| rowspan="2" |Vav 1
|אלד/ אֵלֵד |נלד/ נֵלֵד |תלד/ תֵּלֵד |תלדי/ תֵּלְדִי |ילד/ יֵלֵד |תלד/ תֵּלֵד |תלדו/ תֵּלְדוּ |תלדנה/ תֵּלֵדְנָה |ילדו/ יֵלְדוּ |תלדנה/ תֵּלֵדְנָה | rowspan="2" |will give birth |
| ´eLED
|neLED |teLED |telDI |yeLED |teLED |telDU |teLEDna |yelDU |teLEDna |
| rowspan="2" |Vav 2
|אדון/ אָדוּן |נדון/ נָדוּן |תדון/ תָּדוּן |תדוני/ תָּדוּנִי |ידון/ יָדוּן |תדון/ תָּדוּן |תדונו/ תָּדוּנוּ |תדונה/ תָּדֹנָּה |ידונו/ יָדוּנוּ |תדונה/ תָּדֹנָּה | rowspan="2" |will discuss |
| ´aDUN
|naDUN |taDUN |taDUni |yaDUN |taDUN |taDUnu |taDONna |yaDUnu |taDONna |
| rowspan="2" |Yud 1
|אצור/ אֶצֹּר |ניצור/ נִצֹּר |תיצור/ תִּצֹּר |תיצרי/ תִּצְּרִי |ייצור/ יִצֹּר |תיצור/ תִּצֹּר |תיצרו/ תִּצְּרוּ |תיצורנה/ תִּצֹּרְנָה |ייצרו/ יִצְּרוּ |תיצורנה/ תִּצֹּרְנָה | rowspan="2" |will create |
| ´eTSOR
|niTSOR |tiTSOR |titsRI |yiTSOR |tiTSOR |titsRU |tiTSORna |yitsRU |tiTSORna |
| rowspan="2" |Yud 2
|אשיר/ אָשִׁיר |נשיר/ נָשִׁיר |תשיר/ תָּשִׁיר |תשירי/ תָּשִׁירִי |ישיר/ יָשִׁיר |תשיר/ תָּשִׁיר |תשירו/ תָּשִׁירוּ |תשרנה/ תָּשֵׁרְנָה |ישירו/ יָשִׁירוּ |תשרנה/ תָּשֵׁרְנָה | rowspan="2" |will sing |
| ´aSHIR
|naSHIR |taSHIR |taSHIri |yaSHIR |taSHIR |taSHIru |taSHERna |yaSHIru |taSHERna |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1 (gemination not mandatory)
|אשוך/ אֶשֹּׁךְ |נישוך/ נִשֹּׁךְ |תישוך/ תִּשֹּׁךְ |תישכי/ תִשְּׁכִי |יישוך/ יִשֹּׁךְ |תישוך/ תִשֹּׁךְ |תישכו/ תִשְּׁכוּ |תישוכנה/ תִּשֹּׁכְנָה |יישכו/ יִשְּׁכוּ |תישוכנה/ תִּשֹּׁכְנָה | rowspan="2" |will bite |
| ´eSHOKH
|niSHOKH |tiSHOKH |tishKHI |yiSHOKH |tiSHOKH |tishKHU |tiSHOKHna |yishKHU |tiSHOKHna |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating (multiple forms)
|אסוב/ אָסֹב |נסוב/ נָסֹב |תסוב/ תָּסֹב |תסובי/ תָּסֹבִּי |יסוב/ יָסֹב |תסוב/ תָּסֹב |תסובו/ תָּסֹבּוּ |תסובנה/ תָּסֹבְנָה |יסובו/ יָסֹבּוּ |תסובנה/ תָּסֹבְנָה | rowspan="2" |will spin |
| ´aSOV
|naSOV |taSOV |taSObi |yaSOV |taSOV |taSObu |taSOVna |yaSObu |taSOVna |
| colspan="12" |Pi'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|אנדב/ אֲנַדֵּב |ננדב/ נְנַדֵּב |תנדב/ תְנַדֵּב |תנדבי/ תְנַדְּבִי |ינדב/ יְנַדֵּב |תנדב/ תְנַדֵּב |תנדבו/ תְנַדְּבוּ |תנדבנה/ תְנַדֵּבְנָה |ינדבו/ יְנַדְּבוּ |תנדבנה/ תְנַדֵּבְנָה | rowspan="2" |will contribute |
| ´anaDEV
|nenaDEV |tenaDEV |tenadVI |yenaDEV |tenaDEV |tenadVU |tenaDEVna |yenadVU |tenaDEVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|אבאס/ אֲבָאֵס |נבאס/ נְבָאֵס |תבאס/ תְּבָאֵס |תבאסי/ תְּבָאֲסִי |יבאס/ יְבָאֵס |תבאס/ תְּבָאֵס |תבאסו/ תְּבַאֲסוּ |תבאסנה/ תְּבָאֵסְנָה |יבאסו/ יְבָאֲסוּ |תבאסנה/ תְּבָאֵסְנָה | rowspan="2" |will make upset |
| ´ava´ES
|neva´ES |teva´ES |teva´aSI |yeva´ES |teva´ES |teva´aSU |teva´ESna |yeva´aSU |teva´ESna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|אשגע/ אֲשַׁגֵּעַ |נשתגע/ נְשַׁגֵּעַ |תשגע/ תְּשַׁגֵּעַ |תשגעי/ תְּשַׁגְעִי |ישגע/ יְשַׁגֵּעַ |תשגע/ תְּשַׁגֵּעַ |תשגעו/ תְּשַׁגְּעוּ |תשגענה/ תְּשַׁגַּעְנָה |ישגעו/ יְשַׁגּעוּ |תשגענה/ תְּשַׁגַּעְנָה | rowspan="2" |will drive crazy |
| ´ashaGEA`
|neshaGEA` |teshaGEA` |teshag`I |yeshaGEA` |teshaGEA` |teshag`U |teshaGA`na |yeshag`U |teshaGA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|אנסה/ אֲנָסֶּה |ננסה/ נְנַסֶּה |תנסה/ תְנַסֶּה |תנסי/ תְנַסִּי |ינסה/ יְנַסֶּה |תנסה/ תְנַסֶּה |תנסו/ תְנַסּוּ |תנסינה/ תְנַסֶּינָה |ינסו/ יְנַסּוּ |תנסינה/ תְנַסֶּינָה | rowspan="2" |will try |
| ´anaSE
|nenaSE |tenaSE |tenaSI |yenaSE |tenaSE |tenaSU |tenaSEna |yenaSU |tenaSEna |
| rowspan="2" |Po'el
|ארומם/ אֲרוֹמֵם |נרומם/ נְרוֹמֵם |תרומם/ תְרוֹמֵם |תרוממי/ תְרוֹמְמִי |ירומם/ יְרוֹמֵם |תרומם/ תְרוֹמֵם |תרוממו/ תְרוֹמְמוּ |תרוממנה/ תְרוֹמֵמְנָה |ירוממו/ יְרוֹמְמוּ |תרוממנה/ תְרוֹמֵמְנָה | rowspan="2" |will raise |
| ´aroMEM
|neroMEM |teroMEM |teromeMI |yeroMEM |teroMEM |teromeMU |teroMEMna |yeromeMU |teroMEMna |
| colspan="12" |Hif'il |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|אזמין/ אַזְמִין |נזמין/ נַזְמִין |תזמין/ תַּזְמִין |תזמיני/ תַּזְמִינִי |יזמין/ יַזְמִין |תזמין/ תַּזְמִין |תזמינו/ תַּזְמִינוּ |תזמנה/ תַּזְמֵנָּה |יזמינו/ יַזְמִינוּ |תזמנה/ תַּזְמֵנָּה | rowspan="2" |will invite, order |
| ´azMIN
|nazMIN |tazMIN |tazMIni |yazMIN |tazMIN |tazMInu |tazMENna |yazMInu |tazMENna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|אעדיף/ אַעֲדִיף |נעדיף/ נַעֲדִיף |תעדיף/ תַּעֲדִיף |תעדיפי/ תַּעֲדִיפִי |יעדיף/ יַעֲדִף |תעדיף/ תַּעֲדִיף |תעדיפו/ תַּעֲדִפוּ |תעדפנה/ תַעֲדֵפְנָה |יעדיפו/ יַעֲדִיפוּ |תעדפנה/ תַעֲדֵפְנָה | rowspan="2" |will prefer |
| ´a`aDIF
|na`aDIF |ta`aDIF |ta`aDIfi |ya`aDIF |ta`aDIF |ta`aDIfu |ta`aDEFna |ya`aDIfu |ta`aDEFna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|אפתיע/ אַפְתִּיעַ |נפתיע/ נַפְתִּיעַ |תפתיע/ תַפְתִּיעַ |תפתיעי/ תַפְתִּיעִי |יפתיע/ יַפְתִּיעַ |תפתיע/ תַפְתִּיעַ |תפתיעו/ תַפְתִּיעוּ |תפתענה/ תַפְתַּעְנָה |יפתיעו/ יַפְתִּיעוּ |תפתענה/ תַפְתַּעְנָה | rowspan="2" |will surprise |
| ´afTIA`
|nafTIA` |tafTIA` |tafTI`i |yafTIA` |tafTIA` |tafTI`u |tafTA`na |yafTI`u |tafTA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|אוביל/ אוֹבִיל |נוביל/ נוֹבִיל |תוביל/ תוֹבִיל |תובילי/ תוֹבְלִי |יוביל/ יוֹבִיל |תוביל/ תוֹבִיל |תובילו/ תוֹבִילוּ |תובלנה/ תוֹבֵלְנָה |יובילו/ יוֹבִילוּ |תובלנה/ תוֹבֵלְנָה | rowspan="2" |will lead |
| ´oVIL
|noVIL |toVIL |toVIli |yoVIL |toVIL |toVIlu |toVELna |yoVIlu |toVELna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|אבין/ אָבִין |נבין/ נָבִין |תבין/ תָּבִין |תביני/ תָּבִינִי |יבין/ יָבִין |תבין/ תָּבִין |תבינו/ תָּבִינוּ |תבנה/ תָּבֵנָּה |יבינו/ יָבִינוּ |תבנה/ תָּבֵנָּה | rowspan="2" |will understand |
| ´aVIN
|naVIN |taVIN |taVIni |yaVIN |taVIN |taVInu |taVENna |yaVInu |taVENna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|אפנה/ אַפְנֶה |נפנה/ נַפְנֶה |תפנה/ תַפְנֶה |תפני/ תַפְנִי |יפנה/ יַפְנֶה |תפנה/ תַפְנֶה |תפנו/ תַפְנוּ |תפנינה/ תַפְנֶינָה |יפנו/ יַפְנוּ |תפנינה/ תַפְנֶינָה | rowspan="2" |will turn |
| ´afNE
|nafNE |tafNE |tafNI |yafNE |tafNE |tafNU |tafNEna |yafNU |tafNEna |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|אכיר/ אַכִּיר |נכיר/ נַכִּיר |תכיר/ תַכִּיר |תכירי/ תַכִּירִי |יכיר/ יַכִּיר |תכיר/ תַכִּיר |תכירו/ תַכִּירוּ |תכרנה/ תַכֵּרְנָה |יכירו/ יַכִּירוּ |תכרנה/ תַכֵּרְנָה | rowspan="2" |will recognize |
| ´aKIR
|naKIR |taKIR |taKIri |yaKIR |taKIR |taKIru |taKERna |yaKIru |taKERna |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|אסב/ אָסֵב |נסב/ נָסֵב |תסב/ תָסֵב |תסבי /תָּסֵבִּי |יסב/ יָסֵב |תסב/ תָסֵב |תסבו/ תָסֵבּוּ |תסבנה/ תָּסֵבְנָה |יסיבו/ יָסֵבּוּ |תסבנה/ תָּסֵבְנָה | rowspan="2" |will change |
| ´aSEV
|naSEV |taSEV |taSEbi |yaSEV |taSEV |taSEbu |taSEVna |yaSEbu |taSEVna |
| colspan="12" |Hitpa'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|אתנדב/ אֶתְנַדֵּב |נתנדב/ נִתְנַדֵּב |תתנדב/ תִתְנַדֵּב |תתנדבי/ תִתְנַדְּבִי |יתנדב/ יִתְנַדֵּב |תתנדב/ תִתְנַדֵּב |תתנדבו/ תִתְנַדְּבוּ |תתנדבנה/ תִתְנַדֵּבְנָה |יתנדבו/ יִתְנַדְּבוּ |תתנדבנה/ תִתְנַדֵּבְנָה | rowspan="2" |will volunteer |
| ´etnaDEV
|nitnaDEV |titnaDEV |titnadVI |yitnaDEV |titnaDEV |titnadVU |titnaDEVna |yitnadVU |titnaDEVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|אתבאס/ אֶתְבָּאֶס |נתבאס/ נִתְבָּאֵס |תתבאס/ תִתְבָּאֵס |תתבאסי/ תִתְבָּאֲסִי |יתבאס/ יִתְבָּאֵס |תתבאס/ תִתְבָּאֵס |תתבאסו/ תִתְבָּאֲסוּ |תתבאסנה/ תִתְבָּאֵסְנָה |יתבאסו/ יִתְבָּאֲסוּ |תתבאסנה/ תִתְבָּאֵסְנָה | rowspan="2" |will get upset |
| ´etba´ES
|nitba´ES |titba´ES |titba´aSI |yitba´ES |titba´ES |titba´aSU |titba´ESna |yitba´aSU |titba´ESna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|אשתגע/ אֶשְׁתַּגֵּעַ |נשתגע/ נִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ |תשתגע/ תִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ |תשתגעי/ תִשְׁתַּגְּעִי |ישתגע/ יִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ |תשתגע/ תִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ |תשתגעו/ תִשְׁתַגְּעוּ |תשתגענה/ תִשְׁתַּגַּעְנָה |ישתגעו/ יִשְׁתַּגּעוּ |תשתגענה/ תִשְׁתַּגַּעְנָה | rowspan="2" |will go crazy |
| ´eshtaGEA`
|nishtaGEA` |tishtaGEA` |tishtag`I |yishtaGEA` |tishtaGEA` |tishtag`U |tishtaGA`na |yishtag`U |tishtaGA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|אתנסה/ אֶתְנָסֶּה |נתנסה/ נִתְנַסֶּה |תתנסה/ תִתְנַסֶּה |תתנסי/ תִתְנַסִּי |יתנסה/ יִתְנַסֶּה |תתנסה/ תִתְנַסֶּה |תתנסו/ תִתְנַסּוּ |תתנסינה/ תִתְנַסֶּינָה |יתנסו/ יִתְנַסּוּ |תתנסינה/ תִתְנַסֶּינָה | rowspan="2" |will experience |
| ´etnaSE
|nitnaSE |titnaSE |titnaSI |yitnaSE |titnaSE |titnaSU |titnaSEna |yitnaSU |titnaSEna |
| rowspan="2" |Hitpo'el
|אתרומם/ אֶתְרוֹמֵם |נתרומם/ נִתְרוֹמֵם |תתרומם/ תִתְרוֹמֵם |תתרוממי/ תִתְרוֹמְמִי |יתרומם/ יִתְרוֹמֵם |תתרומם/ תִתְרוֹמֵם |תתרוממו/ תִתְרוֹמְמוּ |תתרוממנה/ תִתְרוֹמֵמְנָה |יתרוממו/ יִתרוֹמְמוּ |תתרוממנה/ תִתְרוֹמֵמְנָה | rowspan="2" |will rise |
| ´etroMEM
|nitroMEM |titroMEM |titromeMI |yitroMEM |titroMEM |titromeMU |titroMEMna |yitromeMU |titroMEMna |
| colspan="12" |Nif'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|איכתב/ אֶכָּתֵב |ניכתב/ נִכָּתֵב |תיכתב/ תִכָּתֵב |תיכתבי/ תִכָּתְבִי |ייכתב/ יִכָּתֵב |תיכתב/ תִכָּתֵב |תיכתבו/ תִכָּתְבוּ |תיכתבנה/ תִכָּתֵבְנָה |ייכתבו/ יִכָּבְוּ |תיכתבנה/ תִכָּתֵבְנָה | rowspan="2" |will be written |
| ´ekaTEV
|nikaTEV |tikaTEV |tikatVI |yikaTEV |tikaTEV |tikatVU |tikaTEVna |yikatVU |tikaTEVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|איאכל/ אֵאָכֵל |ניאכל/ נֵאָכֵל |תיאכל/ תֵאָכֵל |תיאכלי/ תֵאָכְלִי |ייאכל/ יֵאָכֵל |תיאכל/ תֵאָכֵל |תיאכלו/ תֵאָכְלָוּ |תיאכלנה/ תֵאָכֵלְנָה |יאכלו/ יֵאָכְלוּ |תיאכלנה/ תֵאָכֵלְנָה | rowspan="2" |will be eaten |
| ´e´aKHEL
|ne´aKHEL |te´aKHEL |te´akhLI |ye´aKHEL |te´aKHEL |te´akhLU |te´aKHELna |ye´akhLU |te´aKHELna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|איבלע/ אֶבָּלַע |ניבלע/ נִבָּלַע |תיבלע/ תִבָּלַע |תיבלעי/ תִבָּלְעִי |ייבלע/ יִבָּלַע |תיבלע/ תִבָּלַע |תיבלעו/ תִבָּלְעוּ |תיבלענה/ תִבָּלַעְנָה |ייבלעו/ יִבָּלְעוּ |תיבלענה/ תִבָּלַעְנָה | rowspan="2" |will be swallowed |
| ´ebaLA`
|nibaLA` |tibaLA` |tibal`I |yibaLA` |tibaLA` |tibal`U |tibaLA`na |yibal`U |tibaLA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|איוולד/ אֶוָּלֵד |ניוולד/ נִוָּלֵד |תיוולד/ תִוָּלֵד |תיוולדי/ תִוָּלְדִי |ייוולד/ יִוָּלֵד |תיוולד/ תִוָּלֵד |תיוולדו/ תִוָּלְדוּ |תיוולדנה/ תִוָּלֵדְנָה |ייוולדו/ יִוָּלְדוּ |תיוולדנה/ תִוָּלֵדְנָה | rowspan="2" |will be born |
| ´evaLED
|nivaLED |tivaLED |tivalDI |yivaLED |tivaLED |tivalDU |tivaLEDna |yivalDU |tivaLEDna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|אידון/ אֶדּוֹן |נידון/ נִדּוֹן |תידון/ תִּדּוֹן |תידוני/ תִּדּוֹנִי |יידון/ יִדּוֹן |תידון/ תִּדּוֹן |תידונו/ תִּדּוֹנוּ |תידונה/ תִּדֹּנָּה |יידונו/ יִדּוֹנוּ |תידונה/ תִּדֹּנָּה | rowspan="2" |will be discussed |
| ´eDON
|niDON |tiDON |tiDOni |yiDON |tiDON |tiDOnu |tiDONna |yiDOnu |tiDONna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|אישתה/ אֶשָּׁתֶה |נישתה/ נִשָּׁתֶה |תישתה/ תִשָּׁתֶה |תישתי/ תשָּׁתִי |יישתה/ יִשָּׁתֶה |תישתה/ תִשָּׁתֶה |תישתו/ תִשָּׁתוּ |תישתינה/ תִשָּׁתֵינָה |יישתו/ יִשָּׁתוּ |תישתינה/ תִשָּׁתֵינָה | rowspan="2" |will be drunk |
| ´eshaTE
|nishaTE |tishaTE |tishaTI |yishaTE |tishaTE |tishaTU |tishaTEna |yishaTU |tishaTEna |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|איסב/ אֶסַּב |ניסב/ נִסַּב |תיסב/ תִּסַּב |תיסבי/ תִסַּבִּי |ייסב/ יִסַּב |תיסב/ תִסַּב |תיסבו/ תִסַּבּוּ |תיסבנה/ תִּסַּבְנָה |ייסבו/ יִסַּבּוּ |תיסבנה/ תִּסַּבְנָה | rowspan="2" |will surround |
| ´eSAV
|niSAV |tiSAV |tiSAbi |yiSAV |tiSAV |tiSAbu |tiSAVna |yiSAbu |tiSAVna |
As in the past tense, personal pronouns are not strictly necessary in the future tense, as the verb forms are sufficient to identify the subject, but they are frequently used.
=Imperative=
All imperatives are only used in affirmative commands, and in predominantly formal contexts. Negative commands use the particle {{lang|he|rtl=yes|אַל}} {{IPA|/al/}} followed by the corresponding future-tense form; as לא and a future tense negates the declaration not the command (contrast "don't do it" with "[you] won't do it"). The passive binyanim pu'al and huf'al do not have imperatives.
In informal speech, the future tense (shown above) is commonly used for affirmative commands, to avoid the implication of being demanding. So, for example, {{lang|he|rtl=yes|תִּפְתַּח}} {{IPA|/tifˈtaħ/}} can mean either "you will open" or "would you open" (masculine, singular). In Hebrew, as in English, the more formal way to avoid the implication of commanding is to use the word "please" ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|בְּבַקָּשָׁה}} {{IPA|/bevakaʃa/}} or {{lang|he|rtl=yes|נָא}} {{IPA|/na/}} ) with the imperative.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Imperative tense subject suffixes ! rowspan="2" | Person ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| 2nd person
| no suffix | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־י}} | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־וּ}} | {{lang|he|rtl=yes|־נָה}} |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Imperative patterns ! rowspan="2" |Stem ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine (no suffix) !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Pa'al |
| Strong
|12o3 |1i23i |1i23u |12o3na |
| Guttural 1
|1a2o3 |1i23i |1i23u |1a2o3na |
| Guttural 2
|12a3 |1a2a3i |1a2a3u |1e2a3na |
| Guttural 3
|12a3 |1i23i |1i23u |12a3na |
| Vowel 3
|12e |12i |12u |12eyna |
| Alef 1
|e2o3 |i23i |i23u |e2o3na |
| Vav 1
|2e3 |23i |23u |2e3na |
| Vav 2
|1u3 |1u3i |1u3u |1o3na |
| Yud 1
|ye2o3 |yi23i |yi23u |ye2o3na |
| Yud 2
|1i3 |1i3i |1i3u |1e3na |
| Repeating
|1o2 |1o22i |1o22u |1u22eyna |
| colspan="5" |Pi'el |
| Strong
|1a22e3 |1a223i |1a223u |1a22e3na |
| Guttural 2
|1a2e3 |1a2a3i |1a2a3u |1a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|1a22ea3 |1a223i |1a223u |1a22a3na |
| Vowel 3
|1a22e |1a22i |1a22u |1a22eyna |
| colspan="5" |Hif'il |
| Strong
|ha12e3 |ha12i3i |ha12i3u |ha12e3na |
| Guttural 1
|ha1a2e3 |ha1a2i3i |ha1a2i3u |ha1a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|ha12ea3 |ha12i3i |ha12i3u |ha12a3na |
| Vowel 1
|ho2e3 |ho2i3i |ho2i3u |ho2e3na |
| Vowel 2
|ha1e3 |ha1i3i |ha1i3u |ha1e3na |
| Vowel 3
|ha12e |ha12i |ha12u |ha12eyna |
| Nun 1
|ha22e3 |ha22i3i |ha22i3u |ha22e3na |
| Repeating
|ha1e2 |ha1i22i |ha1i22u |ha1e2na |
| colspan="5" |Hitpa'el |
| Strong
|hit1a22e3 |hit1a223i |hit1a223u |hit1a22e3na |
| Guttural 2
|hit1a2e3 |hit1a2a3i |hit1a2a3u |hit1a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|hit1a22ea3 |hit1a223i |hit1a223u |hit1a22a3na |
| Vowel 3
|hit1a22e |hit1a22i |hit1a22u |hit1a22eyna |
| colspan="5" |Nif'al |
| Strong
|hi11a2e3 |hi11a23i |hi11a23u |hi11a2e3na |
| Guttural 1
|hea2e3 |hea23i |hea23u |hea2e3na |
| Guttural 2
|hi11a2e3 |hi11a2a3i |hi11a2a3u |hi11a2e3na |
| Guttural 3
|ha11a2ea3 |hi11a23i |hi11a23u |hi11a2a3na |
| Vowel 1
|hiva2e3 |hiva23i |hiva23u |hiva2e3na |
| Vowel 2
|hi11e3 |hi113i |hi113u |hi11e3na |
| Vowel 3
|hi11a2e |hi11a2i |hi11a2u |hi11a2eyna |
| Repeating
|hi11a2 |hi11a22i |hi11a22u |hi11a2na |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Imperative examples ! rowspan="2" |Stem ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural ! rowspan="2" |Meaning |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="6" |Pa'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|כתוב/ כְּתֹב |כתבי/ כִּתְבִי |כתבו/ כִּתְבוּ |כתובנה/ כּתֹבְנָה | rowspan="2" |write! |
| kTOV
|kitVI |kitVU |kTOVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|עצור/ עֲצֹר |עצרי/ עִצְרִי |עצרו/ עִצְרוּ |עצורנה/ עֲצֹרְנָה | rowspan="2" |stop! |
| `aTSOR
|`itsRI |`itsRU |`aTSORna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|בחר/ בְּחַר |בחרי/ בַּחֲרִי |בחרו/ בַּחֲרוּ |בחרנה/ בְּחַרְנָה | rowspan="2" |choose! |
| bCHAR
|bachaRI |bachaRU |bCHARna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|בלע/ בְּלַע |בלעי/ בִּלְעִי |בלעו/ בִּלְעוּ |בלענה/ בְּלַעְנָה | rowspan="2" |swallow! |
| bLA`
|bil`I |bil`U |bLA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|שתה/ שְׁתֵה |שתי/ שְׁתִי |שתו/ שְׁתוּ |שתינה/ שְׁתֵינָה | rowspan="2" |drink! |
| shTE
|shTI |shTU |shTEna |
| rowspan="2" |Alef 1
|אכול/ אֱכֹל |אכלי/ אִכְלִי |אכלו/ אִכְלוּ |אכולנה/ אֱכֹלְנָה | rowspan="2" |eat! |
| eKHOL
|ikhLI |ikhLU |eKHOLna |
| rowspan="2" |Vav 1
|לד/ לֵד |לדי/ לְדִי |לדו/ לְדוּ |לדנה/ לֵדְנָה | rowspan="2" |give birth! |
| led
|leDI |leDU |LEdna |
| rowspan="2" |Vav 2
|דון/ דּוּן |דוני/ דּוּנִי |דונו/ דּוּנוּ |דונה/ דֹּנָּה | rowspan="2" |discuss! |
| dun
|DUni |DUnu |DONna |
| rowspan="2" |Yud 1
|יצור/ יְצֹר |יצרי/ יִצְרִי |יצרו/ יִצְרוּ |יצורנה/ יְצֹרנָה | rowspan="2" |create! |
| yeTSOR
|yitsRI |yitsRU |yeTSORna |
| rowspan="2" |Yud 2
|שיר/ שִׁיר |שירי/ שִׁירִי |שירו/ שִׁירוּ |שרנה/ שֵׁרְנָה | rowspan="2" |sing! |
| shir
|SHIri |SHIru |SHERna |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|סוב/ סֹב |סובי/ סֹבִּי |סובו/ סֹבּוּ |סובנה/ סֹבְנָה | rowspan="2" |spin! |
| sov
|SObi |SObu |SOVna |
| colspan="6" |Pi'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|נדב/ נַדֵּב |נדבי/ נַדְּבִי |נדבו/ נַדְּבוּ |נדבנה/ נַדֵּבְנָה | rowspan="2" |contribute! |
| naDEV
|nadVI |nadVU |naDEVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|באס/ בָּאֵס |באסי/ בַּאֲסִי |באסו/ בַּאֲסוּ |באסנה/ בָּאֵסְנָה | rowspan="2" |upset! |
| ba´ES
|ba´aSI |ba´aSU |ba´ESna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|שגע/ שַׁגֵּעַ |שגעי/ שַׁגְּעִי |שגעו/ שַׁגְּעוּ |שגענה/ שַׁגַּעְנָה | rowspan="2" |drive crazy! |
| shaGEA`
|shag`I |shag`U |shaGA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|נסה/ נַסֶּה |נסי/ נַסִּי |נסו/ נַסּוּ |נסינה/ נַסֶּינָה | rowspan="2" |try! |
| naSE
|naSI |naSU |naSEna |
| colspan="6" |Hif'il |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|הזמן/ הַזְמֵן |הזמיני/ הַזְמִינִי |הזמינו/ הַזְמִינִוּ |הזמנה/ הַזְמֵנָּה | rowspan="2" |invite!/ order! |
| hazMEN
|hazMIni |hazMInu |hazMENna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|העדף/ הַעֲדֵף |העדיפי/ הַעֲדִיפִי |העדיפו/ הַעֲדִיפוּ |העדפנה/ הַעֲדֵפְנָה | rowspan="2" |prefer! |
| ha`aDEF
|ha`aDIfi |ha`aDIfu |ha`aDEFna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|הפתע/ הַפְתֵּעַ |הפתיעי/ הַפְתִּיעִי |הפתיעו/ הַפְתִּיעוּ |הפתענה/ הַפְתַּעְנָה | rowspan="2" |surprise! |
| hafTEA`
|hafTI`i |hafTI`u |hafTA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|הובל/ הוֹבֵל |הובילי/ הוֹבִילִי |הובילו/ הוֹבִילוּ |הובלנה/ הוֹבֵלְנָה | rowspan="2" |lead! |
| hoVEL
|hoVIli |hoVIlu |hoVELna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|הבן/ הָבֵן |הביני/ הֲבִינִי |הבינו/ הֲבִינוּ |הבנה/ הָבֵנָּה | rowspan="2" |understand! |
| haVEN
|haVIni |haVInu |haVENna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|הפנה/ הַפְנֶה |הפני/ הַפְנִי |הפנו/ הַפְנוּ |הפנינה/ הַפְנֶינָה | rowspan="2" |turn! |
| hafNE
|hafNI |hafNU |hafNEna |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|הכר/ הַכֵּר |הכירי/ הַכִּירִי |הכירו/ הַכִּירוּ |הכרנה/ הַכֵּרְנָה | rowspan="2" |recognize! |
| haKER
|haKIri |haKIru |haKERna |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|הסב/ הָסֵב |הסיבי/ הָסֵבִּי |הסיבו/ הָסֵבּוּ |הסבנה/ הָסֵבְנָה | rowspan="2" |change! |
| haSEV
|haSEbi |haSEbu |haSEVna |
| colspan="6" |Hitpa'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|התנדב/ הִתְנַדֵּב |התנדבי/ הִתְנַדְּבִי |התנדבו/ הִתְנַדְּבוּ |התנדבנה/ הִתְנַדֵּבְנָה | rowspan="2" |volunteer! |
| hitnaDEV
|hitnadVI |hitnadVU |hitnaDEVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|התבאס/ הִתְבָּאֵס |התבאסי/ הִתְבַּאֲסִי |התבאסו/ הִתְבַּאֲסוּ |התבאסנה/ הִתְבָּאֵסְנָה | rowspan="2" |get upset! |
| hitba´ES
|hitba´aSI |hiba´aSU |hitba´ESna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|השתגע/ הִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ |השתגעי/ הִשְׁתַּגְּעִי |השתגעו/ הִשְׁתַּגְּעוּ |השתגענה/ הִשְׁתַּגַּעְנָה | rowspan="2" |go crazy! |
| hishtaGEA`
|hishtag`I |hishtag`U |hishtaGA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|התנסה/ הִתְנַסֶּה |התנסי/ הִתְנַסִּי |התנסו/ הִתְנַסּוּ |התנסינה/ הִתְנַסֶּינָה | rowspan="2" |experience! |
| hitnaSE
|hitnaSI |hitnaSU |hitnaSEna |
| colspan="6" |Nif'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|היכתב/ הִכָּתֵב |היכתבי/ הִכָּתְבִי |היכתבו/ הִכָּתְבוּ |היכתבנה/ הִכָּתֵבְנָה | rowspan="2" |be written! |
| hikaTEV
|hikatVI |hikatVU |hikaTEVna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|היאכל/ הֵאָכֵל |היאכלי/ הֵאָכְלִי |היאכלו/ הֵאָכְלוּ |היאכלנה/ הֵאָכֵלְנָה | rowspan="2" |be eaten! |
| he´aKHEL
|he´akhLI |he´akhLU |he´aKHELna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|היבחר/ הִבָּחֵר |היבחרי/ הִבַּחֲרִי |היבחרו/ הִבַּחֲרוּ |היבחרנה/ הִבָּחֵרְנָה | rowspan="2" |be chosen! |
| hibaCHER
|hibachaRI |hibachaRU |hibaCHERna |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|היבלע/ הִבָּלֵעַ |היבלעי/ הִבָּלְעִי |היבלעו/ הִבָּלְעוּ |היבלענה/ הִבָּלַעְנָה | rowspan="2" |be swallowed! |
| hibaLEA`
|hibal`I |hibal`U |hibaLA`na |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|היוולד/ הִוָּלֵד |היוולדי/ הִוָּלְדִי |היוולדו/ הִוָּלְדוּ |היוולדנה/ הִוָּלֵדְנָה | rowspan="2" |be born! |
| hivaLED
|hivalDI |hivalDU |hivaLEDna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|הידן/ הִדֵּן |הידני/ הִדּנִי |הידנו/ הִדְּנוּ |הידנה/ הִדֵּנָּה | rowspan="2" |be discussed! |
| hiDEN
|hidNI |hidNU |hiDENna |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|הישתה/ הִשָּׁתֶה |הישתי/ הִשָּׁתִי |הישתו/ הִשָּׁתוּ |הישתינה/ הִשָּׁתֶינָה | rowspan="2" |be drunk! |
| hishaTE
|hishaTI |hishaTU |hishaTEna |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|היסב/ הִסַּב |היסבי/ הִסַּבִּי |היסבו/ הִסַּבּוּ |היסבנה/ הִסַּבְנָה | rowspan="2" |surround! |
| hiSAV
|hiSAbi |hiSAbu |hiSAVna |
The infinitive can also be used as a "general imperative" when addressing nobody in particular (i.e., on signs, or when giving general instructions, to children, or large groups); so "{{lang|he|rtl=yes|נָא לֹא לִפְתֹּחַ}}" {{IPA|/na lo lifˈtoaħ/}} means "please do not open".
There also once were cohortative forms for the first person, and jussive forms for the imperative third person, but this is now obsolete.
=Infinitive=
In Modern Hebrew a verb has two infinitives: the infinitive construct{{cite web
| title = Infinitive Construct
| quote = The infinitive construct generally functions as a verbal complement to a finite verb, but in rare cases it also functions independently as a noun. The infinitive construct is described as being in the construct state because it can occur in various constructions with prepositions, suffixes, and other nouns in a construct chain.
| url = https://uhg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/infinitive_construct.html
| work = unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar
}}
({{lang|he|rtl=yes|שם הפועל}} {{Transliteration|he|shem hapoal}} or {{lang|he|rtl=yes|מקור נסמך}}) and the rarely used{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Infinitive: Modern Hebrew
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics Online
| editor1 = Geoffrey Khan
| editor2 = Shmuel Bolozky
| editor3 = Steven Fassberg
| editor4 = Gary A. Rendsburg
| editor5 = Aaron D. Rubin
| editor6 = Ora R. Schwarzwald
| editor7 = Tamar Zewi
| display-editors = 1
| quote = Modern Hebrew inherited the morphological forms of all the infinitive kinds set in the previous periods of the language, but their syntactic, semantic and lexical distributions are different. MH has absolute infinitive forms like {{lang|he|rtl=yes|צעוד}} ṣaʻod ʻmarchingʼ, and two forms of construct infinitive: (a). inflected infinitive or infinitive preceded by a preposition, sometimes called gerund (Rosén 1977:104-106), e.g. {{lang|he|rtl=yes|היותו}} heyot-o ʻhis beingʼ, {{lang|he|rtl=yes|למות}} le-mot ʻto the de …
| url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopedia-of-hebrew-language-and-linguistics
| publisher = Brill
}}
infinitive absolute{{cite web
| title = Infinitive Absolute
| quote = ... The Infinitive Absolute is described as being in the absolute state because it stands on its own as an independent grammatical entity. The form can appear with the conjunction, but it never occurs in any other kind of construction with a prefix or suffix, an attached preposition, or with a noun in a construct chain.
| url = https://uhg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/infinitive_absolute.html
| work = unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar
}}
({{lang|he|rtl=yes|מקור מוחלט}}). The infinitive construct is generally preceded by a preposition (e.g. {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ב־, כ־, ל־, מ־, עד}}), usually the inseparable preposition {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ל־}}, meaning "to, for", although it can be used without a preposition. This article covers only infinitive construct with the preposition {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ל־}}. The passive binyans pu'al and huf'al do not have infinitives.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Infinitive patterns !Stem !Prefixed !Absolute !Construct |
| colspan="4" |Pa'al |
|---|
| Strong
|li12o3 |1a2o3 |12o3 |
| Guttural 1
|la1a2o3 |1a2o3 |1a2o3 |
| Guttural 3
|li12oa3 |1a2oa3 |12oa3 |
| Vowel 3
|li12ot |1a2o |12ot |
| Alef 1
|le´e2o3 |´a2o3 |´a2o3 |
| Vav 1
|la2e3et |ya2o3 |ye2o3 |
| Vav 2
|la1u3 |1o3 |1u3 |
| Yud 1
|li2o3 |ya2o3 |ye2o3 |
| Yud 2
|la1i3 |1o3 |1i3 |
| Nun 1
|li22o3 |na2o3 |n2o3 |
| colspan="4" |Pi'el |
| Strong
|le1a22e3 |1a22e3 |1a22e3 |
| Guttural 3
|le1a22ea3 |1a22ea3 |1a22ea3 |
| Vowel 3
|le1a22ot | |1a22ot |
| colspan="4" |Hif'il |
| Strong
|leha12i3 |ha12e3 |ha12i3 |
| Guttural 1
|leha1a2i3 |ha1a2e3 |ha1a2i3 |
| Guttural 3
|leha12ia3 |ha12ea3 |ha12ia3 |
| Vowel 1
|leho2i3 |ho2e3 |ho2i3 |
| Vowel 2
|leha1i3 |ha1e3 |ha1i3 |
| Vowel 3
|leha12ot |ha12e |ha12ot |
| Nun 1
|leha22i3 |ha22e3 |ha22i3 |
| Repeating
|leha1e2 |ha1e2 |ha1e2 |
| colspan="4" |Hitpa'el |
| Strong
|lehit1a22e3 |hit1a22e3 |hit1a22e3 |
| Guttural 3
|lehit1a22ea3 |hit1a22ea3 |hit1a22ea3 |
| Vowel 3
|lehit1a22ot | |hit1a22ot |
| colspan="4" |Nif'al |
| Strong
|lehi11a2e3 |hi11a2o3 |hi11a2e3 |
| Guttural 1
|lehe1a2e3 |he1a2o3 |he1a2e3 |
| Guttural 3
|lehi11a2ea3 |hi11a2oa3 |hi11a2ea3 |
| Vowel 1
|lehiva2e3 |hiva2o3 |hiva2e3 |
| Vowel 2
|lehi11e3 |hi11o3 |hi11e3 |
| Vowel 3
|lehi11a2ot |hi11a2o |hi11a2ot |
| Repeating
|lehi11e2 |hi11o2 |hi11e2 |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Infinitive examples ! rowspan="2" |Stem ! rowspan="2" |Prefixed ! colspan="2" |Non-prefixed ! rowspan="2" |Meaning |
| Absolute
!Construct |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Pa'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|לכתוב/ לִכְתֹּב |כתוב/ כָּתוֹב |כתוב/ כְּתוֹב | rowspan="2" |to write |
| likhTOV
|kaTOV |kTOV |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|לחלום/ לַחֲלֹם |חלום/ חָלוֹם |חלום/ חֲלֹם | rowspan="2" |to dream |
| lachaLOM
|chaLOM |chaLOM |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|לבלוע/ לִבְלֹעַ |ַבלוע/ בָּלוֹע |ַבלוע/ בְּלֹע | rowspan="2" |to swallow |
| livLOA`
|baLOA` |bLOA` |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|לשתות/ לִשְתּוֹת |שתה/ שָתֹה |שתות/ שְתוֹת | rowspan="2" |to drink |
| lishTOT
|shaTO |shTOT |
| rowspan="2" |Alef 1
|לאכול/ לֶאֱכֹל |אכול/ אָכוֹל |אכול/ אֲכֹל | rowspan="2" |to eat |
| le´eKHOL
|´aKHOL |´aKHOL |
| rowspan="2" |Vav 1
|ללדת/ לָלֶדֶת |יָלוֹד |יְלֹד | rowspan="2" |to give birth |
| laLEdet
|yaLOD |yeLOD |
| rowspan="2" |Vav 2
|לדון/ לָדוּן |דון/ דוֹן |דון/ דוּן | rowspan="2" |to discuss |
| laDUN
|don |dun |
| rowspan="2" |Yud 1
|ליצור/ לִיצֹר |יצר/ יָצוֹר |יצר/ יְצֹר | rowspan="2" |to create |
| liTSOR
|yaTSOR |yeTSOR |
| rowspan="2" |Yud 2
|לשיר/ לָשִׁיר |שור/ שׁוֹר |שיר/ שִׁיר | rowspan="2" |to sing |
| laSHIR
|shor |shir |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|לישוך/ לִשֹּׁךְ |נשוך/ נָשׁוֹךְ |נשוך/ נְשֹׁךְ | rowspan="2" |to bite |
| liSHOKH
|naSHOKH |neSHOKH |
| colspan="5" |Pi'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|לנדב/ לְנַדֵּב |נדב/ נַדֵּב |נדב/ נַדֵּב | rowspan="2" |to contribute |
| lenaDEV
|naDEV |naDEV |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|לשגע/ לְשַׁגֵּעַ |שגע/ שַׁגֵּעַ |שגע/ שַׁגֵּעַ | rowspan="2" |to drive crazy |
| leshaGEA`
|shaGEA` |shaGEA` |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|לנסות/ לְנַסּוֹת | |נסות/ נַסּוֹת | rowspan="2" |to try |
| lenaSOT
| |naSOT |
| colspan="5" |Hif'il |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|להזמין/ לְהַזְמִין |הזמן/ הַזְמֵן |הזמין/ הַזְמִין | rowspan="2" |to invite, order |
| lehazMIN
|hazMEN |hazMIN |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|להעדיף/ לְהַעֲדִיף |העדף/ הַעֲדֵף |העדיף/ הַעֲדִיף | rowspan="2" |to prefer |
| leha`aDIF
|ha`aDEF |ha`aDIF |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|להפתיע/ לְהַפְתִּיעַ | | | rowspan="2" |to surprise |
| lehafTIA`
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|להוביל/ לְהוֹבִיל | | | rowspan="2" |to lead |
| lehoVIL
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|להבין/ לְהָבִין | | | rowspan="2" |to understand |
| lehaVIN
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|להפנות/ לְהַפְנוֹת |הפנה/ הַפְנֵה |הפנות/ הַפְנוֹת | rowspan="2" |to turn |
| lehafNOT
|hafNE |hafNOT |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|להכיר/ לְהַכִּיר |הכר/ הַכֵּר |הכיר/ הַכִּיר | rowspan="2" |to know [a person] |
| lehaKIR
|haKER |haKIR |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|להסב/ לְהָסֵב | | | rowspan="2" |to change |
| lehaSEV
| | |
| colspan="5" |Hitpa'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|התנדב/ לְהִתְנַדֵּב |התנדב/ הִתְנַדֵּב |התנדב/ הִתְנַדֵּב | rowspan="2" |to volunteer |
| lehitnaDEV
|hitnaDEV |hitnaDEV |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|להשתגע/ לְהִשְׁתַגֵּעַ |השתגע/ הִשְׁתַגֵּעַ |השתגע/ הִשְׁתַגֵּעַ | rowspan="2" |to go crazy |
| lehishtaGEA`
|hishtaGEA` |hishtaGEA` |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|להתנסות/ לְהִתְנַסּוֹת | |התנסות/ הִתְנַסּוֹת | rowspan="2" |to experience |
| lehitnaSOT
| |hitnaSOT |
| colspan="5" |Nif'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|להיכתב/ לְהִכָּתֵב |היכתוב/ הִכָּתֹב |היכתב/ הִכָּתֵב | rowspan="2" |to be written |
| lehikaTEV
|hikaTOV |hikaTEV |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|להיאכל/ לְהֵאָכֵל | | | rowspan="2" |to be eaten |
| lehe´aKHEL
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|להיבלע/ לְהִבַּלֵעַ | | | rowspan="2" |to be swallowed |
| lehibaLEA`
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|להיוולד/ לְהִוָּלֵד | | | rowspan="2" |to be born |
| lehivaLED
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|להידון/ לְהִדּוֹן | | | rowspan="2" |to be discussed |
| lehiDON
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|להישתות/ לְהִשָּתוֹת | | | rowspan="2" |to be drunk |
| lehishaTOT
| | |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|להיסב/ לְהִסֵּב | | | rowspan="2" |to surround |
| lehiSEV
| | |
=Action noun=
Action nouns or gerunds ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|שמות פעולה}} {{Transliteration|he|shmot pe'ula}}) are nouns derived from a verb's action and so they inflect for number. In Hebrew, gerunds are formed using a specific pattern shown in the table below. Hebrew gerunds cannot be used as adjectives, unlike in English. The passive binyans pu'al and huf'al lack gerunds.
Not all gerunds shown here correspond to an attested noun or a noun with a meaning congruent to that of the verb.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Action noun patterns !Stem !Singular !Plural |
| colspan="3" |Pa'al |
|---|
| Strong
|12i3a |12i3ot |
| Guttural 1
|1a2i3a |1a2i3ot |
| Vowel 2
|1i3a |1i3ot |
| Vowel 3
|12iya |12iyot |
| colspan="3" |Pi'el |
| Strong
|1i22u3 |1i22u3im |
| Guttural 3
|1i22ua3 |1i22u3im |
| Vowel 3
|1i22uy |1i22uyim |
| Alef/ 'Ayin/ Resh 2
|1e2u3 |1e2u3im |
| colspan="3" |Hif'il |
| Strong
|ha12a3a |ha12a3ot |
| Guttural 1
|ha1a2a3a |ha1a2a3ot |
| Vowel 1
|ho2a3a |ho2a3ot |
| Vowel 2
|ha1a3a |ha1a3ot |
| Vowel 3
|ha12aya |ha12ayot |
| Nun 1
|ha22a3a |ha22a3ot |
| Repeating
|ha1a22a |ha1a22ot |
| colspan="3" |Hitpa'el |
| Strong
|hit1a223ut |hit1a223uyot |
| Guttural 3
|hit1a2a3ut |hi1a2a3uyot |
| Vowel 3
|hit1a22ut |nit1a22uyot |
| colspan="3" |Nif'al |
| Strong
|hi11a23ut |hi11a23uyot |
| Guttural 1
|he1a23ut |he1a23uyot |
| Guttural 2
|hi11a2a3ut |hi11a2a3uyot |
| Vowel 1
|hiva23ut |hiva23uyot |
| Vowel 2
|hi11e3ut |hi11e3uyot |
| Vowel 3
|hi11a2ut |hi11a2uyot |
| Repeating
|hi1a22ut |hi1a22uyot |
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Action noun examples !Stem !Singular !Plural !Meaning (if any) |
| colspan="4" |Pa'al |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|כתיבה/ כְּתִיבָה |כתיבות/ כְּתִיבוֹת | rowspan="2" |writing(s) |
| ktiVA
|ktiVOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|אכילה/ אֲכִילָה |אכילות/ אֲכִילוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| ´akhiLA
|´akhiLOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|דינה/ דִינָה |דינות/ דִינוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| diNA
|diNOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|שתייה/ שְׁתִיָּה |שתייות/ שְׁתִיּוֹת | rowspan="2" |drink(s) |
| shtiYA
|shtiYOT |
| colspan="4" |Pi'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|נידוב/ נִדּוּב |נידובים/ נִדּוּבִים | rowspan="2" |contribution(s) |
| niDUV
|niduVIM |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 3
|שיגוע/ שִׁגּוּעַ |שיגועים/ שִׁגּוּעִים | rowspan="2" | |
| shiGUA`
|shigu`IM |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|ניסוי/ נִסּוּי |ניסויים/ נִסּוּיִּם | rowspan="2" |attempt(s) |
| niSUY
|nisuYIM |
| rowspan="2" |Alef/ 'Ayin/ Resh 2
|סירוב/ סֵרוּב |סירובים/ סֵרוּבים | rowspan="2" |refusal(s) |
| seRUV
|seruVIM |
| colspan="4" |Hif'il |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|הזמנה/ הַזְמָנָה |הזמנות/ הַזְמָנוֹת | rowspan="2" |invitation(s) |
| hazmaNA
|hazmaNOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|העדפה/ הַעֲדָפָה |העדפות/ הַעֲדָפוֹת | rowspan="2" |preference(s) |
| ha`adaFA
|ha`adaFOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|הובלה/ הוֹבָלָה |הובלות/ הוֹבָלוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hovaLA
|hovaLOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|הבנה/ הֲבָנָה |הבנות/ הֲבָנוֹת | rowspan="2" |understanding(s) |
| havaNA
|havaNOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|הפניה/ הַפְנָיָה |הפניות/ הַפְנָיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hafnaYA
|hafnaYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Nun 1
|הכרה/ הַכָּרָה |הכרות/ הַכּרָוֹת | rowspan="2" |recognition(s) |
| hakaRA
|hakaROT |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|הסבה/ הֲסַבָּה |הסבות/ הֲסַבּוֹת | rowspan="2" |change(s) |
| hasaBA
|hasaBOT |
| colspan="4" |Hitpa'el |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|התנדבות/ הִתְנַדְּבוּת |התנדבויות/ הִתְנַדְּבוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hitnadVUT
|hitnadvuYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|התבאסות/ הִתְבַּאֲסוּת |התבאסויות/ הִתְבַּאֲסוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hitba´aSUT
|hitba´asuYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|התנסות/ הִתְנַסּוּת |התנסויות/ הִתְנַסּוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" |experience(s) |
| hitnaSUT
|hitnasuYOT |
| colspan="4" |Nif'al |
| rowspan="2" |Strong
|היכתבות/ הִכַּתְבוּת |היכתבויות/ הִכַּתְבוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hikatVUT
|hikatvuYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 1
|היאכלות/ הֵאַכְלוּת |היאכלויות/ הֵאַכְלוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| he´akhLUT
|he´akhluYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Guttural 2
|היבחרות/ הִבַּחֲרוּת |היבחרויות/ הִבַחֲרוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hibachaRUT
|hibacharuYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 1
|היוולדות/ הִוַּלְדוּת |הוולדויות/ הִוַּלְדוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hivalDUT
|hivalduYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 2
|הידנות/ הִדּנֵוּת |הידנויות/ הִדֵּנוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hideNUT
|hidenuYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Vowel 3
|הישתות/ הִשָּׁתוּת |הישתויות/ הִשָּׁתוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hishaTUT
|hishatuYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Repeating
|היסבות/ הִסַּבּוּת |היסבויות/ הִסַּבּוּיוֹת | rowspan="2" | |
| hisaBUT
|hisabuYOT |
Auxiliary verbs
| title = On The Category Of Auxiliary In Modern Hebrew
| author = Ruth A. Berman
| publisher = Tel Aviv University
| url = https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/58617/HAR_v4_015.pdf?sequence=1
}}
are less common in Hebrew than in other languages. Some common {{lang|he|פָּעֳלֵי עֵזֶר|rtl=yes}} {{Transliteration|he|po'oley 'ezer}} (helping verbs) are {{lang|he|rtl=yes|היה}} {{IPA|/(h)aˈja/}} {{Transliteration|he|haya}}, {{lang|he|rtl=yes|הלך}} {{IPA|/halaχ/}} {{Transliteration|he|halakh}}, {{lang|he|rtl=yes|יָכֹל}} {{IPA|/jaχol/}} {{Transliteration|he|yakhol}}, {{lang|he|rtl=yes|עמד}} {{IPA|/ʔamad/}} '
In Modern Hebrew the auxiliary {{lang|he|rtl=yes|היה}} haya is used for both an analytic conditional/ past-habitual mood and for a simple past-habitual aspect. In either case, {{lang|he|rtl=yes|היה}} is conjugated in the past tense and placed before present tense conjugations of the affected verb.
{{lang|he|rtl=yes|הלך}} and {{lang|he|rtl=yes|עמד}} are used to express an imminent future action. They may be conjugated either in the past or present tense, and are followed by the infinitive construct of the affected verb, prefixed by the inseparable preposition {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ל־}}.
= Modal auxiliaries =
Modal auxiliaries are often adjectives, adverbs or modal verbs (often defective ones) conjugated in the present tense, and followed by the infinitive construct of the affected verb, prefixed by the inseparable preposition {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ל־}}. They may be used in conjunction with the auxiliary {{lang|he|rtl=yes|היה}}. Examples include {{lang|he|אולי/ אוּלַי
}} ulay, {{lang|he|אסור/ אָסוּר
}} asur, {{lang|he|חיב/ חַיָּב
}} chayav, {{lang|he|מותר/ מֻתָּר
}} mutar, and {{lang|he|מוכרח/ מֻכְרָח
}} mukhrach.
{{lang|he|rtl=yes|יָכֹל}} yakhol is used to express a possible action. It may be conjugated in past, present or future tense and is followed by the infinitive construct of the affected verb, prefixed by the inseparable preposition -ל.
{{lang|he|נִתְכַּן}} {{Transliteration|he|nitkan}} is used to express a plausible or planned action. It is conjugated in the future tense and is followed with the affected verb prefixed with {{lang|he|שֶׁ־}} {{Transliteration|he|she}}.
Example: {{lang|he|rtl=y|לֹא יִתָּכֵן שֶהוּא רָעֵב}} {{Transliteration|he|Lo yitakhen shehu` ra'ev}} ("He's unlikely to be hungry")
Irregular verbs
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|אמר/הגיד}} Amar/Higid (to say, tell) =
The verb {{lang|he|rtl=yes|אָמַר}} is often replaced with forms of {{lang|he|rtl=yes|הִגִּיד}} {{Transliteration|he|higid}} in common speech in the future, imperative, and infinitive. Likewise, the verb {{lang|he|rtl=yes|הִגִּיד}} is replaced with forms of {{lang|he|rtl=yes|אָמַר}} amar in the past and present. However, in formal speech, regular forms for each verb are still used, which are displayed in italics when in uncommon tenses.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Amar/Higid conjugation ! rowspan="3" |to say, tell ! colspan="4" |אמר Amar ! colspan="4" |הגיד Higid |
| colspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
|---|
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
| colspan="9" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
|אומר/ אוֹמֵר |אומרת/ אוֹמֶרֶת |אומרים/ אוֹמְרִים |אומרות/ אוֹמְרוֹת |מגיד |מגידה |מגידים |מגידות |
| ´oMER
|´oMEret |´omRIM |´omROT |maGID |magiDA |magiDIM |magiDOT |
| colspan="9" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אמרתי/ אָמַרְתִּי | colspan="2" |אמרנו/ אָמַרְנוּ | colspan="2" |הגדתי/ הִגַּדְתִּי | colspan="2" |הגדנו/ הִגִּידְנוּ |
| colspan="2" |´aMARti
| colspan="2" |´aMARnu | colspan="2" |hiGAdeti | colspan="2" |hiGADnu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|אמרת/ אָמַרְתָּ |אמרת/ אָמַרְתְּ |אמרתם/ אָמַרְתֶּם |אמרתן/ אָמַרְתֶּן |הגדת/ הִגַּדְתָּ |הגדת/ הִגַּדְתְּ |הגדתם/ הִגַּדְתֶּם |הגדתן/ הִגַּדְתֶּן |
| ´aMARta
|´aMART |´amarTEM |´amarTEN |hiGAdeta |hiGAdet |higadeTEM |higadeTEN |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|אמר/ אָמַר |אמרה/ אָמְרָה | colspan="2" |אמרו/ אָמְרוּ |הגיד/ הִגִּיד |הגידה/ הִגִּידָה | colspan="2" |הגידו/ הִגִּידוּ |
| ´aMAR
|´amRA | colspan="2" |´amRU |hiGID |hiGIda | colspan="2" |hiGIdu |
| rowspan="2" |Past Participle
|אמור/ אָמוּר |אמורה/ אֲמוּרָה |אמורים/ אֲמוּרִים |אמורות/ אֲמוּרוֹת |מוגד/ מֻגָּד |מוגדת/ מֻגֶּדֶת |מוגדים/ מֻגָּדִים |מוגדות/ מֻגָּדוֹת |
| ´aMUR
|´amuRA |´amuRIM |´amuROT |muGAD |muGEdet |mugaDIM |mugaDOT |
| colspan="9" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אומר/ אֹמַר | colspan="2" |נאמר/ נֹאמַר | colspan="2" |אגיד/ אַגִּיד | colspan="2" |נגיד/ נַגִּיד |
| colspan="2" |´oMAR
| colspan="2" |noMAR | colspan="2" |aGID | colspan="2" |naGID |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|תאמר/ תֹּאמַר |תאמרי/ תֹּאמְרִי |תאמרו/ תֹּאמְרוּ |תאמרנה/ תֹּאמַרְנָה |תגיד/ תַגִּיד |תגידי/ תַגִּידִי |תגידו/ תַגִּידוּ |תגדנה/ תַגֵּדְנָה |
| toMAR
|tomRI |tomRU |toMARna |taGID |taGIdi |taGIdu |taGEDna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|יאמר/ יֹאמַר |תאמר/ תֹאמַר |יאמרו/ יֹאמְרוּ |תאמרנה/ תֹאמַרְנָה |יגיד/ יַגִּיד |תגיד/ תַגִּיד |יגידו/ יַגִּדוּ |תגדנה/ תַגֵּדְנָה |
| yoMAR
|toMAR |yomRU |toMARna |yaGID |taGID |yaGIdu |taGEDna |
| colspan="9" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|אמור/ אֱמֹר |אמרי/ אִמְרִי |אמרו/ אִמְרוּ |אמורנה/ אֱמֹרנָה |הגד/ הַגֵּד |הגידי/ הַגִּידִי |הגידו/ הַגִּידוּ |הגדנה/ הַגֵּדְנָה |
| ´eMOR
|´imRI |´imRU |´eMORna |haGED |haGIdi |haGIdu |haGEDna |
| colspan="9" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לומר/ לוֹמַר ,לאמור/ לֵאמֹר | colspan="4" |להגיד/ לְהַגִּיד |
| colspan="4" |lomar, lemor
| colspan="4" |lehagid |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |אמור/ אָמוֹר | colspan="4" |הגד/ הַגֵּד |
| colspan="4" |´aMOR
| colspan="4" |haGED |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |אמור /אֲמֹר | colspan="4" |הגיד/ הַגִּיד |
| colspan="4" |´aMOR
| colspan="4" |haGID |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |אמירה/ אֲמִירָה | rowspan="2" |— |אמירות/ אֲמִירוֹת | rowspan="2" |— |הגדה/ הַגָּדָה | rowspan="2" |— |הגדות/ הַגָּדוֹת |
| ´amiRA
|´amiROT |hagaDOT |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|בא}} Ba (to come) =
Irregular pa'al verb with regards to final alef א not causing vowel changes to the stem.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Ba conjugation ! rowspan="2" |בא Ba to come ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
|בא/ בָּא |באה/ בָּאָה |באים/ בָּאִים |באות/ בָּאוֹת |
| ba
|ba´A |ba´IM |ba´OT |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |באתי/ בָּאתִי | colspan="2" |באנו/ בָּאנוּ |
| colspan="2" |BAti
| colspan="2" |BAnu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|באת/ בָּאתָּ |באת/ בָּאתּ |באתם/ בָּאתֶם |באתן/ בָּאתֶן |
| BAta
|bat |baTEM |baTEN |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|בא/ בָּא |באה/ בָּאָה | colspan="2" |באו/ בָּאוּ |
| ba
|BA´a | colspan="2" |BA´u |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אבוא/ אָבוֹא | colspan="2" |נבוא/ נָבוֹא |
| colspan="2" |aVO
| colspan="2" |naVO |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|תבוא/ תבוֹא |תבואי/ תָבוֹאִי |תבואו/ תָבוֹאוּ |תבואנה/ תָבֹאנָה |
| taVO
|taVO´i |taVO´u |taVOna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|יבוא/ יָבוֹא |תבוא/ תבוֹא |יבואו/ יָבוֹאוּ |תבואנה/ תָבֹאנָה |
| yaVO
|taVO |yaVO´u |taVOna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|בוא/ בּוֹא |בואי/ בּוֹאִי |בואו/ בּוֹאוּ |בואנה/ בֹּאנָה |
| bo
|BO´i |BO´u |BOna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לבוא/ לָבוֹא |
| colspan="4" |laVO |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |בוא/ בּוֹא |
| colspan="4" |bo |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |בוא/ בּוֹא |
| colspan="4" |bo |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |ביאה/ בִּיאָה | rowspan="2" |— |ביאות/ בִּיאוֹת |
| bi´A
|bi´OT |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|גדל}} Gadel (to grow) =
Pa'al verb irregular in the present, action noun, and to a lesser extent in the imperative and future.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Gadel conjugation ! rowspan="2" |גדל Gadel to grow ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
|גדל/ גָדֵל |גדלה/ גְדֵלָה |גדלים/ גְדֵלָה |גדלות/ גְדֵלוֹת |
| gaDEL
|gdeLA |gdeLIM |gdeLOT |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |גדלתי/ גָדַלְתִּי | colspan="2" |גדלנו/ גָדַלְנוּ |
| colspan="2" |gaDALti
| colspan="2" |gaDALnu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|גדלת/ גָדַלְתָּ |גדלת/ גָדַלְתְּ |גדלתם/ גְּדַלְתֶּם |גדלתן/ גְּדַלְתֶּן |
| gaDALta
|gaDALT |gdalTEM |gdalTEN |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|גדל/ גָדַל |גדלה/ גָדְלָה | colspan="2" |גדלו/ גָדְלוּ |
| gaDAL
|gadLA | colspan="2" |gadLU |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אגדל/ אֶגְדַל | colspan="2" |נגדל/ נִגְדַל |
| colspan="2" |egDAL
| colspan="2" |nigDAL |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|תגדל/ תִגְדַל |תגדלי/ תִגְדְלִי |תגדלו/ תִגְדְלוּ |תגדלנה/ תִגְדַלְנָה |
| tigDAL
|tigdeLI |tigdeLU |tigDALna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|יגדל/ יִגְדַל |תגדל/ תִגְדַל |יגדלו/ יִגְדְלוּ |תגדלנה/ תִגְדַלְנָה |
| yigDAL
|tigDAL |yigdeLU |tigDALna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|גדל/ גְדַל |גדלי/ גִדְלִי |גדלו/ גִדְלוּ |גדלנה/ גְדַלְנָה |
| gDAL
|gidLI |gidLU |gDALna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לגדול/ לִגְדּוֹל |
| colspan="4" |ligDOL |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |גדול/ גָּדוֹל |
| colspan="4" |gaDOL |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |גדול/ גְּדוֹל |
| colspan="4" |gDOL |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |גדלה/ גְדֵלָה | rowspan="2" |— |גדלות/ גְדֵלוֹת |
| gdeLA
|gdeLOT |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|הלך}} Halakh (to go, to walk) =
Pa'al verb irregular in the prefixed infinitive, future tense, and imperative mood.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Halakh conjugation ! rowspan="2" |הלך Halakh to go, to walk ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
|הולך/ הוֹלֵך |הולכת/ הוֹלֶכֶת |הולכים/ הוֹלכִים |הולכות/ הוֹלכוֹת |
| holekh
|holekhet |holkhim |holkhot |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |הלכתי/ הָלַכְתִּי | colspan="2" |הלכנו/ הָלַכְנוּ |
| colspan="2" |halakhti
| colspan="2" |halakhnu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|הלכת/ הָלָכְתָּ |הלכת/ הָלָכְתְּ |הלכתם/ הָלָכְתֶּם |הלכתן/ הָלָכְתֶּן |
| halakhta
|halakht |halakhtem |halakhten |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|הלך/ הָלַך |הלכה/ הָלְכָה | colspan="2" |הלכו/ הָלְכוּ |
| halakh
|halkha | colspan="2" |halkhu |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אלך/ אֵלֵך | colspan="2" |נלך/ נֵלֵך |
| colspan="2" |elekh
| colspan="2" |nelekh |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|תלך/ תֵלֵך |תלכי/ תֵלְכִי |תלכו/ תֵלְכוּ |תלכנה/ תֵלֵכְנָה |
| telekh
|telkhi |telkhu |telekhna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|ילך/ יֵלֵך |תלך/ תֵלֵך |ילכו/ יֵלְכוּ |תלכנה/ תֵלֵכְנָה |
| yelekh
|telekh |yelkhu |telekhna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|לך/ לֵך |לכי/ לְכִי |לכו/ לְכוּ |לכנה/ לֵכְנָה |
| lekh
|lekhi |lekhu |lekhna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |ללכת/ לָלֶכֶת |
| colspan="4" |lalekhet |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |הלוך/ הָלֹך |
| colspan="4" |halokh |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |הלוך/ הֲלֹך |
| colspan="4" |halokh |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |הליכה/ הֲלִכָה | rowspan="2" |— |הליכות/ הֲלִכוֹת |
| halikha
|halikhot |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|היה}} Haya (to be) =
The verb {{lang|he|היה|rtl=yes}} is often replaced by the adjective {{lang|he|קַיָּם /קיים|rtl=yes}} or the verb {{lang|he|הִתְקַיֵּם /התקיים| rtl=yes}} in the present tense.
It is regular in most forms except the present (which is rarely used) and imperative. In addition, the future third person singular has two other irregular forms.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Haya conjugation ! rowspan="2" |היה Haya to be ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
|הווה/ הוֹוֶה |הווה/ הוֹוָה |הווים/ הוֹוִים |הוות/ הוֹוֺת |
| hove
|hova |hovim |hovot |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |הייתי/ הָיִיתִי | colspan="2" |היינו/ הָיִינוּ |
| colspan="2" |haYIti
| colspan="2" |haYInu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|היית/ הָיִיתָ |היית/ הָיִית |הייתם/ הֱיִיתֶם |הייתן/ הֱיִיתֶן |
| haYIta
|haYIT |heyiTEM |heyiTEN |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|היה/ הָיָה |הייתה/ הָיְתָה | colspan="2" |היו/ הָיוּ |
| haYA
|hayTA | colspan="2" |hayu |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אהיה/ אֶהְיֶה | colspan="2" |נהיה/ נִהְיֶה |
| colspan="2" |ehYE
| colspan="2" |nihYE |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|תהיה/ תִהְיֶה |תהיי/ תִּהְיִי |תהיו/ תִהְיוּ |תיהיינה/ תִהְיֶינָה |
| tihYE
|tihYI |tihYU |tihYEna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|יהיה/ יִהְיֶה ,יהא/ יְהֵא |תהיה/ תִהְיֶה ,תהא/ תְהֵא |יהיו/ יִהְיוּ |תהיינה/ תִהְיֶינָה |
| yihye, yehe
|tihye, tehe |yihyu |tihyena |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|היה/ הֱיֶה |היי/ הֱיִי |היו/ הֱיוּ |היינה/ הֱיֶינָה |
| heYE
|heYI |heYU |heYEna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |להיות/ לִהְיוֹת |
| colspan="4" |lihYOT |
| rowspan="2" |Abstract Infinitive
| colspan="4" |היה/ הָיֹה |
| colspan="4" |haYO |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |היות/ הֱיוֹת |
| colspan="4" |heYOT |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|יכול}} Yakhol (can, to be able to) =
Entirely irregular verb with no imperative form. The past tense masculine singular often adds {{lang|he|rtl=yes|היה}} {{Transliteration|he|haya}} for disambiguation.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Yakhol conjugation ! rowspan="2" |יכול Yakhol can, to be able to ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
|יכול/ יָכוֹל |יכולה/ יְכוֹלָה |יכולים/ יְכוֹלִים |יכולות/ יְכוֹלוֹת |
| yakhol
|yekhola |yekholim |yekholot |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |יכולתי/ יָכֹלְתִּי | colspan="2" |יכולנו/ יָכֹלְנוּ |
| colspan="2" |yaKHOLti
| colspan="2" |yaKHOLnu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|יכולת/ יָכֹלְתָּ |יכולת/ יָכֹלְתְּ |יכולתם/ יְכָלְתֶּם |יכולתן/ יְכָלְתֶּן |
| yaKHOLta
|yaKHOLT |yekholTEM |yekholTEN |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|היה יכול/ יָכֹל (הָיָה יָכוֹל) |יכלה/ יָכְלָה | colspan="2" |יכלו/ יָכְלוּ |
| yaKHOL (haya yakhol)
|yakhLA | colspan="2" |yakhLU |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אוכל/ אוּכַל | colspan="2" |נוכל/ נוּכַל |
| colspan="2" |ukhal
| colspan="2" |nukhal |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|תוכל/ תוּכַל |תוכלי/ תוּכְלִי |תוכלו/ תוּכְלוּ |תוכלנה/ תוּכַלְנָה |
| tukhal
|tukhli |tukhlu |tukhalna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|יוכל/ יוּכַל |תוכל/ תוּכַל |יוכלו/ יוּכְלוּ |תוכלנה/ תוּכַלְנָה |
| yukhal
|tukhal |yukhlu |tukhalna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |להיות יכול/ לִהיֹת יָכֹל, לוכל/ לוּכַל, ליכול/ לִיכֹל |
| colspan="4" |lihyot yakhol, lukhal, likhol |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |יכול/ יָכֹל yakhol |
| colspan="4" |yakhol |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |יכול/ יְכֹל yekhol |
| colspan="4" |yekhol |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ישן}} Yashen (to sleep) =
Pa'al verb irregular in the present tense and action noun.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Yashen conjugation ! rowspan="2" |ישן Yashen to sleep ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
| Masculine
!Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
|ישן/ יָשֵׁן |ישנה/ יְשֵׁנָה |ישנים/ יְשֵׁנִים |ישנות/ יְשֵׁנוֹת |
| yaSHEN
|yesheNA |yesheNIM |yesheNOT |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |ישנתי/ יָשַׁנְתִּי | colspan="2" |ישנו/ יָשַׁנּוּ |
| colspan="2" |yaSHANti
| colspan="2" |yaSHANnu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|ישנת/ יָשַׁנְתָּ |ישנת/ יָשַׁנְתְּ |ישנתם/ יְשַׁנְתֶּם |ישנתן/ יְשַׁנְתֶּן |
| yaSHANta
|yaSHANT |yeshanTEM |yeshanTEN |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|ישן/ יָשַׁן |ישנה/ יָשְׁנָה | colspan="2" |ישנו/ יָשְׁנוּ |
| yaSHAN
|yashNA | colspan="2" |yashNU |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" |אישן/ אִישַׁן | colspan="2" |נישן/ נִישַׁן |
| colspan="2" |iSHAN
| colspan="2" |niSHAN |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|תישן/ תִישַׁן |תישני/ תִישְׁנִי |תישנו/ תִישְׁנוּ |תישנה/ תִישַׁנָּה |
| tiSHAN
|tishNI |tishNU |tiSHANna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
|יישן/ יִישַׁן |תישן/ תִּישַׁן |יישנו/ יִישְׁנוּ |תישנה/ תִּישַׁנָּה |
| yiSHAN
|tiSHAN |yishNU |tiSHANna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
|שן/ שַׁן |שני/ שְׁנִי |שנו/ שְׁנוּ |שנה/ שַׁנָּה |
| shan
|shNI |shNU |SHANna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לישון/ לִישֹׁן |
| colspan="4" |liSHON |
| rowspan="2" |Abstract Infinitive
| colspan="4" |ישון/ יָשׁוֹן |
| colspan="4" |yaSHON |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |ישון/ יְשֹׁן |
| colspan="4" |yeSHON |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |שינה/ שֵׁינָה | rowspan="2" |— |שינות/ שֵׁינוֹת |
| sheNA
|sheNOT |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|לקח}} Laqach (to take) =
Functions as an initial-n pa'al verb, and has a shortened imperative.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Laqach conjugation ! rowspan="2" |לקח Laqach to take ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2"| Plural |
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
| לוקח/ לוֹקֵחַ | לוקחת/ לוֹקַחַת | לוקחים/ לוֹקְחִים | לוקחות/ לוֹקְחוֹת |
| loQEach
|loQAchat |loqCHIM |loqCHOT |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" | לקחתי/ לָקַחְתִּי | colspan="2" | לקחנו/ לָקַחְנוּ |
| colspan="2" |laQACHti
| colspan="2" |laQACHnu |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| לקחת/ לָקַחְתָ | לקחת/ לָקַחְת | לקחתם/ לְקַחְתֶּם | לקחתן/ לְקַחְתֶּן |
| laQACHta
|laQACHT |leqachTEM |leqachTEN |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
| לקח/ לָקַח | לקחה/ לָקְחָה | colspan="2" | לקחו/ לָקְחוּ laqCHU |
| laQACH
|laqCHA | colspan="2" |laqCHU |
| rowspan="2" |Past participle
|לקוח/ לָקוּחַ |לקוחה/ לְקוּחָה |לקוחים/ לְקוּחִים |לקוחות/ לְקוּחוֹת |
| laQUACH
|lequCHA |lequCHIM |lequCHOT |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" |1st person
| colspan="2" | אקח/ אֶּקַּח | colspan="2" | ניקח/ נִקַּח |
| colspan="2" |eQACH
| colspan="2" |niQACH |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| תיקח/ תִקַּח | תיקחי/ תִקְּחִי | תיקחו/ תִקְּחוּ | תיקוחנה/ תִקַּחְנָה |
| tiQACH
|tiqCHI |tiqCHU |tiQACHna |
| rowspan="2" |3rd person
| ייקח/ אִקַּח | תיקח/ תִקַּח | ייקחו/ יִקְּחוּ |תיקוחנה/ תִקַּחְנָה |
| yiQACH
|tiQACH |yiqCHU |tiQACHna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| קח/ קַח | קחי/ קְחִי | קחו/ קְחוּ | קחנה/ קַחְנָה |
| qach
|qCHI |qCHU |QACHna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לקחת/ לָקַחַת |
| colspan="4" |laQAchat |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לקוח/ לָקוֹחַ |
| colspan="4" |laQOACH |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לקוח/ קַחַת |
| colspan="4" |QAchat |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |לקיחה/ לְקִיחָה | rowspan="2" |— |לקיחות/ לְקִיחוֹת |
| leqiCHA
|leqiCHOT |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|מת}} Met (to die) =
Mainly irregular in the present tense and impersonal forms, and has two different action nouns.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Met conjugation ! rowspan="2" |מת Met to die ! colspan="2" | Singular ! colspan="2" | Plural |
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present tense |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
| מת/ מֵת | מתה/ מֵתָה | מתים/ מֵתִים | מתות/ מֵתוֹת |
| met
|meTA |meTIM |meTOT |
| colspan="5" |Past tense |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | מתי/ מַתִּי | colspan="2" | מתנו/ מַתְנוּ |
| colspan="2" |MATti
| colspan="2" |MATnu |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| מת/ מַתָּ | מת/ מַתְּ | מתם/ מַתֶּם | מתן/ מַתֶּן |
| MATta
|matt |matTEM |matTEN |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| מת/ מֵת | מתה/ מֵתָה | colspan="2" | מתו/ מֵתוּ |
| met
|MEta | colspan="2" |MEtu |
| colspan="5" |Future tense |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | אמות/ אָמוּת | colspan="2" | נמות/ נָמוּת |
| colspan="2" |aMUT
| colspan="2" |naMUT |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| תמות/ תָּמוּת | תמותי/ תָּמוּתִי | תמותו/ תָּמוּתוּ | תמותנה/ תָּמֹתְנָה |
| taMUT
|taMUti |taMUtu |taMOTna |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| ימות/ יָמוּת | תמות/ תָמוּת | ימותו/ יָמוּתוּ |תמותנה/ תָמֹתְנָה |
| yaMUT
|taMUT |yaMUtu |taMOTna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| מות/ מוּת | מותי/ מוּתִי | מותו/ מוּתוּ | מותנה/ מֹתְנָה |
| mut
|MUti |MUtu |MOTna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |למות/ לָמוּת |
| colspan="4" |laMUT |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |מות/ מוֹת |
| colspan="4" |mot |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |מות/ מוּת |
| colspan="4" |mut |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |מוות/ מָוֶת, מיתה/ מִיתָה | rowspan="2" |— | rowspan="2" |— |
| MAvet, miTA |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ניגש}} Nigash (to approach, get to) =
Nif'al verb that takes forms from obsolete pa'al {{lang|he|rtl=yes|נגש}} nagash in the future, imperative, and infinitive.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Nigash conjugation ! rowspan="2" |ניגש Nigash to approach, to get to ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2"| Plural |
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
| ניגש/ נִגָּשׁ | ניגשת/ נִגֶּשֶׁת | ניגשים/ נִגָּשִׁים | ניגשים/ נִגָּשׁוֹת |
| nigash
|nigeshet |nigashim |nigashot |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | ניגשתי/ נִגַּשְׁתִּי | colspan="2" | ניגשנו/ נִגַּשְׁנוּ |
| colspan="2" |nigashti
| colspan="2" |nigashnu |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| ניגשת/ נִגַּשְׁתָּ | ניגשת/ נִגַּשְׁתְּ | ניגשתם/ נִגַּשְׁתֶּם | ניגשתן/ נִגַּשְׁתֶּן |
| nigashta
|nigasht |nigashtem |nigashten |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| ניגש/ נִגַּשׁ | ניגשה/ נִגְּשָׁה | colspan="2" | ניגשו/ נִגְּשׁוּ |
| nigash
|nigsha | colspan="2" |nigshu |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | אגש/ אֶגַּשׁ | colspan="2" | ניגש/ נִגַּש |
| colspan="2" |egash
| colspan="2" |nigash |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| תיגש/ תִגַּשׁ | תיגשי/ תִגְּשִׁי | תיגשו/ תִגְּשׁוּ | תיגשנה/ תִגַּשְׁנָה |
| tigash
|tigshi |tigshu |tigashna |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| ייגש/ יִגַּשׁ | תיגש/ תִגַּשׁ | ייגשו/ יִגְּשׁוּ |תיגשנה/ תִגַּשְׁנָה |
| yigash
|tigash |yigshu |tigashna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| גש/ גָּשׁ | גשי/ גְּשִׂי | גשו/ גְּשׁוּ | גשנה/ גַּשְׁנָה |
| gash
|gshi |gshu |gashna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לגשת/ לָגֶשֶׁת |
| colspan="4" |lageshet |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |נגוש/ נָגֹשׁ |
| colspan="4" |nagosh |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |נגוש/ נְגֹש |
| colspan="4" |negosh |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|נשא}} Nasa' (to carry, bear) =
Pa'al verb mainly irregular in the prefixed infinitive and imperative.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Nasa' conjugation ! rowspan="2" |נשא Nasa' to carry, bear ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2"| Plural |
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
| נושא/ נוֹשֵׂא | נושאת/ נוֹשֵׂאת | נושאים/ נוֹשְׂאִים | נושאות/ נוֹשׂאוֹת |
| nose
|noset |nos'im |nos'ot |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | נשאתי/ נָשָׂאּתִי | colspan="2" | נשאנו/ נָשָׂאנוּ |
| colspan="2" |nasa`ti
| colspan="2" |nasa`nu |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| נשאת/ נָשָׂאתָ | נשאת/ נָשָׂאּתְ | נשאתם/ נָשָׂאתֶם | נשאתן/ נָשָׂאתֶן |
| nasata
|nasat |nasatem |nasaten |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| נשא/ נָשָׂא | נשאה/ נָשְׂאָה | colspan="2" | נשאו/ נָשְׂאוּ |
| nasa
|nas'a | colspan="2" |nas`u |
| rowspan="2" |Past participle
|נשוא/ נָשׂוּא |נשואה/ נְשׂוּאָה |נשואים/ נְשׂוּאִים |נשואות/ נְשׂוּאוֹת |
| nasu
|nesu'a |nesu'im |nesu'ot |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | אשא/ אֶשָּׂא | colspan="2" | נישא/ נִשָּׂא |
| colspan="2" |esa`
| colspan="2" |nisa` |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| תישא/ תִשָּׂא | תישאי/ תִשְּׂאִי | תישאו/ תִשְּׂאוּ | תישאנה/ תִשֶׂאנָה |
| tisa
|tis'i |tis'u |tisena |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| יישא/ יִשָּׂא | תישא/ תִשָּׂא | יישאו/ יִשְּׂאוּ |תישאנה/ תִשֶׂאנָה |
| yisa
|tisa |yis'u |tisena |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| שא/ שָׂא | שאי/ שְׂאִי | שאו/ שְׂאוּ | שאנה/ שֶׂאנָה |
| sa
|se'i |se'u |sena |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לשאת/ לשֵׂאת |
| colspan="4" |laset |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |נשוא/ נָשׂוֹא |
| colspan="4" |naso |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |נשוא/ נְשׂוֹא |
| colspan="4" |neso |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" | — |נשיאה/ נְשִׂיאָה | rowspan="2" | — |נשיאות/ נְשׂיאוֹת |
| nesi'a
|nesi'ot |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|נתן}} Natan (to give, to let) =
Pa'al verb mainly irregular in the prefixed infinitive and imperative.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Natan conjugation ! rowspan="2" |נתן Natan to give, let ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2"| Plural |
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
| נותן/ נוֹתֵן | נותנת/ נוֹתֶנֶת | תותנים/ נוֹתְנִים | נותנות/ נוֹתְנוֹת |
| noTEN
|noTEnet |notNIM |notNOT |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | נתתי/ נָתַתִּי | colspan="2" | נתנו/ נָתַנּוּ |
| colspan="2" |naTAti
| colspan="2" |naTANnu |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| נתת/ נָתַתָּ | נתת/ נָתַתְּ | נתתם/ נָתַתֶּם | נתתן/ נָתַתֶּן |
| naTAta
|naTAT |nataTEM |nataTEN |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| נתן/ נָתַן | נתנה/ נַתְנָה | colspan="2" | נתנו/ נָתְנוּ |
| naTAN
|natNA | colspan="2" |natNU |
| rowspan="2" |Past Participle
|נתון/ נָתוּן |נתונה/ נְתוּנָה |נתונים/ נְתוּנִים |נתונות/ נְתוּנוֹת |
| naTUN
|netuNA |netuNIM |netuNOT |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | אתן/ אֶתֵּן | colspan="2" | ניתן/ נִתֵּן |
| colspan="2" |eTEN
| colspan="2" |niTEN |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| תיתן/ תִתֵּן | תיתני/ תִתְּנִי | תיתנו/ תִתְּנוּ | תיתננה/ תִתֵּנְנָה |
| tiTEN
|titNI |titNU |tiTENna |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| ייתן/ יִתֵּן | תיתן/ תִּתֵּן | ייתנו/ יִתְּנוּ |תיתנה/ תִּתֵּנָּה |
| yiTEN
|tiTEN |yitNU |tiTENna |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| תן/ תֵּן | תני/ תְּנִי | תנו/ תְּנוּ | תנה/ תֵּנָּה |
| ten
|tNI |tNU |TENna |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לתת/ לָתֵת |
| colspan="4" |laTET |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |נתון/ נָתוֹן |
| colspan="4" |naTON |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |תת/ תֵּת |
| colspan="4" |tet |
| rowspan="2" |Action Noun
| rowspan="2" |— |נתינה/ נְתִינָה | rowspan="2" |— |נתינות/ נְתִינוֹת |
| netiNA
|netiNOT |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|פחד/פיחד}} Pachad/Piched (to fear, be afraid of) =
Similar to {{Transliteration|he|amar / higid}}, this verb is somewhat suppletive, with the forms from {{lang|he|rtl=yes|פחד}} {{Transliteration|he|pachad}} mainly being used in the past tense. The synonymous {{lang|he|rtl=yes|פיחד}} {{Transliteration|he|piched}} is used elsewhere. {{lang|he|rtl=yes|פחד}} {{Transliteration|he|Pachad}} is a regular {{Transliteration|he|pa'al}} verb on the whole, and {{lang|he|rtl=yes|פיחד}} {{Transliteration|he|piched}} is a regular {{Transliteration|he|pi'el}} verb.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Pachad/Piched conjugation ! rowspan="3" |to fear, be afraid of ! colspan="4" |פחד Pachad ! colspan="4" |פיחד Piched |
| colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural ! colspan="2" |Singular ! colspan="2" |Plural |
|---|
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine !Masculine !Feminine !Masculine !Feminine |
| colspan="9" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
| פוחד/ פוֹחֵד | פוחדת/ פוֹחֶדֶת | פוחדים/ פוֹחֲדִים | פוחדות/ פוֹחֲדוֹת |מפחד/ מְפָחֵד |מפחדת/ מְפָחֶדֶת |מפחדים/ מְפַחֲדִים |מפחדות/ מְפַחֲדוֹת |
| poched
|pochedet |pochadim |pochadot |mefached |mefachedet |mefachadim |mefachadot |
| colspan="9" |Past |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | פחדתי/ פָחַדְתִּי | colspan="2" | פחדנו/ פָחַדְנוּ | colspan="2" |פיחדתי/ פִיחַדְתִּי | colspan="2" |פיחדנו/ פִיחַדְנוּ |
| colspan="2" |pachadti
| colspan="2" |pachadnu | colspan="2" |pichadti | colspan="2" |pichadnu |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| פחדת/ פָחַדְתָּ | פחדת/ פָחַדְתְּ | פחדתם/ פָחַדְתֶּם | פחדתן/ פָחַדְתֶּן |פיחדת/ פִיחַדְתָּ |פיחדת/ פִחַדְתְּ |פיחדתם/ פִיחַדְתֶּם |פיחדתן/ פִיחַדְתֶּן |
| pachadta
|pachadet |pachadtem |pachadten |pichadta |pichadet |pichadtem |pichadten |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| פחד/ פָחַד | פחדה/ פַחֲדָה | colspan="2" | פחדו/ פַחֲדוּ |פיחד/ פִיחֵד |פיחדה/ פִיחֲדָה | colspan="2" |פיחדו/ פִיחֲדוּ |
| pachad
|pachada | colspan="2" |pachadu |piched |pichada | colspan="2" |pichadu |
| colspan="9" |Future |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | אפחד/ אֶפְחַד | colspan="2" | נפחד/ נִפְחַד | colspan="2" |אפחד/ אֲפָחֵד | colspan="2" |נפחד/ נְפָחֵד |
| colspan="2" |efchad
| colspan="2" |nifchad | colspan="2" |afached | colspan="2" |nefached |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| תפחד/ תִפְחַד | תפחדי/ תִפְחֲדִי | תפחדו/ תִפְחֲדוּ | תפחדנה/ תִפְחַדְנָה |תפחד/ תְפָחֵד |תפחדי/ תְפַחֲדִי |תפחדו/ תְפַחֲדוּ |תפחדנה/ תְפָחֵדְנָה |
| tifchad
|tifchadi |tifchadu |tifchadna |tefached |tefachadi |tefachadu |tefachedna |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| יפחד/ יִפְחַד | תפחד/ תִפְחַד | יפחדו/ יִפְחֲדוּ |תפחדנה/ תִפְחַדְנָה |יפחד/ יְפָחֵד |תפחד/ תְפָחֵד |יפחדו/ יְפַחֲדוּ |תפחדנה/ תְפָחֵדְנָה |
| yifchad
|tifchad |yifchadu |tifchadna |yefached |tepafached |yefachadu |tefachedna |
| colspan="9" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| פחד/ פְחַד | פחדי/ פַחֲדִי | פחדו/ פַחֲדוּ | פחדנה/ פְחַדְנָה |פחד/ פָחֵד |פחדי/ פַחֲדִי |פחדו/ פַחֲדוּ |פחדנה/ פָחֵדְנָה |
| pchad
|pachadi |pachadu |pchadna |pached |pachadi |pachadu |pachedna |
| colspan="9" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לפחוד/ לִפְחֹד | colspan="4" |לפחד/ לְפָחֵד |
| colspan="4" |lifchod
| colspan="4" |lefached |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |פחוד/ פָחֹד | colspan="4" |פחד/ פָחֵד |
| colspan="4" |pachod
| colspan="4" |pached |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |פחוד/ פְחֹד | colspan="4" |פחד/ פָחֵד |
| colspan="4" |pchod
| colspan="4" |pached |
= {{lang|he|rtl=yes|קטון}} Katon (to dwindle) =
Functions like a regular pa'al verb in the past tense and infinitive, and to a lesser extent the future and imperative.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Katon conjugation ! rowspan="2" |קטון Katon to dwindle ! colspan="2"| Singular ! colspan="2"| Plural |
| Masculine
! Feminine ! Masculine ! Feminine |
|---|
| colspan="5" |Present |
| rowspan="2" |All persons
| קטן/ קָטֵן | קטנה/ קְטֵנָה | קטנים/ קְטֵנִים | קטנות/ קְטֵנוֹת |
| katen
|ktena |ktenim |ktenot |
| colspan="5" |Past |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | קטונתי/ קָטֹנְתִּי | colspan="2" | קטונו/ קָטֹנּוּ |
| colspan="2" |katonti
| colspan="2" |katonu |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| קטונת/ קְטֹנְתָּ | קטונת/ קְטֹנְתְּ | קטונתם/ קְטָנְתֶּם | קטונתן/ קְטָנְתֶּן |
| katonta
|katont |ketontem |ketonten |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| קטון/ קָטֹן | קטנה/ קָטְנָה | colspan="2" | קטנו/ קָטְנוּ |
| katon
|katna | colspan="2" |katnu |
| colspan="5" |Future |
| rowspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | אקטן/ אֶקְטַן | colspan="2" | נקטן/ נִקְטַן |
| colspan="2" |ektan
| colspan="2" |niktan |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd person
| תקטן/ תִקְטַן | תקטני/ תִקְטְנִי | תקטנו/ תִקְטְנוּ | תקטנה/ תִקְטַנָּה |
| tiktan
|tikteni |tiktenu |tiktana |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd person
| יקטן/ יִקְטַן | תקטן/ תִקְטַן | יקטנו/ יקְטְנוּ | תקטנה/ תִקְטַנָּה |
| yiktan
|tiktan |yiktenu |tiktana |
| colspan="5" |Imperative |
| rowspan="2" |2nd person
| קטן/ קְטַן | קטני/ קִטְנִי | קטנו/ קִטְנוּ | קטנה/ קְטַנָּה |
| ktan
|kitni |kitnu |ktana |
| colspan="5" |Impersonal forms |
| rowspan="2" |Prefixed Infinitive
| colspan="4" |לקטון/ לִקְטֹן |
| colspan="4" |likton |
| rowspan="2" |Absolute Infinitive
| colspan="4" |קטון/ קָטֹן |
| colspan="4" |katon |
| rowspan="2" |Construct Infinitive
| colspan="4" |קטון/ קְטֹן |
| colspan="4" |kton |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- Academy Decisions: Grammar, chapter 3, for the Academy of the Hebrew Language's decisions on the conjugations of less common verb patterns
- {{Cite GHG|38}} ff.
- {{cite book|last=Ornan|first=Uzzi|author-link=Uzzi Ornan|title=The Final Word: Mechanism for Hebrew Word Generation|publisher=Haifa University|year=2003|language=Hebrew}}
External links
- [http://www.hebrew-verbs.co.il Hebrew Verbs Conjugation Tool] - Online Hebrew Verb Learning Tool (Hebrew/English)
- [https://meaning.wiki hspell - {{lang|he|rtl=yes|המאיית העברי החופשי - טופס הטיית פעלים}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228151801/https://meaning.wiki/ |date=2019-12-28 }} - Online Hebrew verb conjugator, based on hspell, the Free Hebrew spelling engine (in Ktiv male)
- [https://pealim.com Hebrew Verb Tables]
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