Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
{{Short description|President of the United Arab Emirates since 2022}}
{{Redirect|MbZ|other uses of the initials MBZ|MBZ (disambiguation){{!}}MBZ}}
{{Family name hatnote|lang=Arabic|Al Nahyan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| full name = Mohamed bin Zayed bin Sultan bin Zayed bin Khalifa bin Shakhbut bin Theyab bin Issa bin Nahyan bin Falah bin Yas{{cite web |url=https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/h-h-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan |title=H. H. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan - The Official Portal of the UAE Government |publisher=U.ae |date= |accessdate=2022-07-19 |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715095114/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/h-h-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan |url-status=live }}
{{langx|ar|محمد بن زايد بن سلطان بن زايد بن خليفة بن شخبوط بن ذياب بن عيسى بن نهيان بن فلاح بن ياس}}
| name = {{ubl|Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|{{langn|ar|محمد بن زايد آل نهيان}}}}
| image = Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan 2022.jpg
| caption = Sheikh Mohamed in 2024
| succession = 3rd President of the United Arab Emirates
{{Infobox officeholder/office
| termstart = 14 May 2022
| termend =
| primeminister = Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
| vicepresident = {{ubl|Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum|Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan}}
| predecessor = Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
| successor = }}
| succession1 = Ruler of Abu Dhabi
| reign1 = 13 May 2022 – present
| predecessor1 = Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
| successor1 = Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan
| suc-type1 = Heir apparent
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|3|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, then part of the Trucial States
| spouse = {{marriage|Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan|1981}}
| issue = Sheikh Khaled
| issue-link = #Personal life
| issue-pipe = more...
| house = Al Nahyan
| father = Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
| mother = Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi
{{labeldata|Education|Royal Military Academy Sandhurst}}
| religion = Sunni Islam
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| allegiance = United Arab Emirates
| branch = United Arab Emirates Air Force
| branch_label = Branch
| serviceyears = 1979–present
| commands = {{ubl|United Arab Emirates Armed Forces|United Arab Emirates Air Force}}
}}
}}
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan{{efn|{{Langx|ar|محمد بن زايد آل نهيان|translit=Muḥammad bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān}}}} (born 11 March 1961), also known as MbZ, is an Emirati royal and politician who is serving as the third and current president of the United Arab Emirates and ruler of Abu Dhabi since 2022.{{Cite web |last=Cafiero |first=Giorgio |title=Analysis: With MBZ as president, is it time for a US-UAE reset? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/25/president-mohammed-bin-zayed-will-rule-with-confidence |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Top Facts About HH Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan |url=https://www.uaemoments.com/top-unknown-facts-about-hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-566386.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=UAE Moments |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Who is MBZ, the UAE's new president? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/14/who-is-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-mbz-uaes-new-president |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}
Mohamed completed his education in Abu Dhabi and Al Ain and graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in April 1979. He later joined the UAE Armed Forces and held various posts before becoming a pilot in the UAE Air Force; he was promoted to general in 2005.
Mohamed is the third son of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the first president of the UAE and the 16th ruler of Abu Dhabi.{{Cite news |last=Hubbard |first=Ben |date=2022-05-14 |title=Mohammed bin Zayed, an Ambitious U.S. Partner, Rises to Lead the U.A.E. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/14/world/middleeast/mohammed-bin-zayed-elected-uae-leader.html |access-date=2023-09-21 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |last= |title=Crown prince, longtime de facto ruler Mohamed bin Zayed elected UAE president |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/crown-prince-longtime-de-facto-ruler-mohamed-bin-zayed-elected-uae-president/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=Times of Israel |language=en-US}} Mohamed became the crown prince of Abu Dhabi in November 2004, following the death of his father, when his brother, Sheikh Khalifa became the second president of the UAE and the ruler of Abu Dhabi. In 2014, Sheikh Khalifa suffered a stroke and Mohamed became the de facto president of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi. Mohamed officially became president of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, after being chosen by the UAE Supreme Council, following the death of his brother on 13 May 2022. On 29 March 2023, Mohamed appointed his son Sheikh Khalid as crown prince of Abu Dhabi and his future successor.{{Cite news |date=2023-03-30 |title=UAE leader names his son as Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi |language=en |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/30/middleeast/abu-dhabi-crown-prince-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-04-05}}
Scholars characterize the UAE under Mohamed as an authoritarian capitalist country,{{Cite news |last=Schmid |first=Ulrich |date=2021-12-17 |title=Authoritarianism has not hindered UAE's economic success |language=de-CH |work=Neue Zürcher Zeitung |url=https://www.nzz.ch/english/authoritarianism-has-not-hindered-uaes-economic-success-ld.1660644 |access-date=2023-09-21 |issn=0376-6829}} and a rentier state.{{Cite news |last=Kay |first=Oliver |date=2023 |title=Manchester City and Abu Dhabi: Triumphant passion project or geopolitical powerplay? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4592794/2023/06/09/manchester-city-and-abu-dhabi/ |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In 2019, The New York Times named Mohamed as the most powerful Arab ruler,{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=2019-06-02 |title=The Most Powerful Arab Ruler Isn't M.B.S. It's M.B.Z. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/02/world/middleeast/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} and was named as one of the 100 Most Influential People of 2019 by Time magazine.{{Cite magazine |title=Crown Prince Mohamed bin Zayed: The 100 Most Influential People of 2019 |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567769/crown-prince-mohamed-bin-zayed/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |magazine=TIME |language=en-us}}{{Cite web |date=18 April 2019 |title=Mohammad Bin Zayed named among Time's 100 most influential people 2019 |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/mohammad-bin-zayed-named-among-times-100-most-influential-people-2019-1.1555562753143 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}} He is known to be an opponent of the Muslim Brotherhood,{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/04/03/the-dirty-secrets-of-a-smear-campaign|title=The Dirty Secrets of a Smear Campaign |access-date=27 March 2023|magazine=The New Yorker |date=27 March 2023 |volume=99 |issue=7 |first1=David D. |last1=Kirkpatrick}} Iran and its proxies in the Middle East. Since becoming de facto president, the UAE participated in the war against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, the Syrian civil war and was officially part of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen until Mohamed disagreed with Saudi Arabia's approach in the war for its support of Al-Islah, a party which is known to have close connections with the Muslim Brotherhood but has maintained his support of the Southern Transitional Council.{{Cite news |last1=Al-Atrush |first1=Samer |last2=England |first2=Andrew |date=2023-09-19 |title=US pushes Saudi Arabia and UAE to heal divisions over Yemen |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/77d0118e-acfc-4720-bb2c-c8f507335dcd |access-date=2023-09-21}} Mohamed fell out with the Obama administration on the Iran nuclear deal and supported the US withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal.{{Cite web |date=2020-08-19 |title=Quiet ties and secret talks paved way for UAE-Israel deal |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-iran-united-arab-emirates-middle-east-warsaw-483518e953ade2a1846f1e1e0b29a0e0 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=AP News |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=World leaders react to Trump's nuclear deal decision |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/5/9/world-leaders-react-to-us-withdrawal-from-iranian-nuclear-deal |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}} The UAE was a leading party in the Qatar diplomatic crisis, in which the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and other Arab countries like Egypt and Jordan severed diplomatic relations with Qatar based on claims that Qatar supports the Muslim Brotherhood and its offshoot organizations.{{Cite web |last=Gross |first=Terry |title=UAE's Prince Mohammed Bin Zayed's Growing Influence On The U.S. |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/06/06/730339596/uaes-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed-s-growing-influence-on-the-u-s |website=NPR}} Mohamed maintained a close relationship with US President Donald Trump, with reports suggesting that Mohamed was pushing Trump to take a tougher stance on Iran and the Muslim Brotherhood. In September 2020, the UAE, alongside Bahrain, and later Morocco and Sudan, signed the Abraham Accords, an agreement to normalize diplomatic relationship with the State of Israel, a deal which was brokered by Trump.{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Alex |date=2020-12-01 |title=The battle over Trump's huge UAE arms deal, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2020/12/1/21755390/trump-uae-f35-israel-weapons-sale |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=Vox|language=en}} The UAE has more recently been involved in an economic rivalry with Saudi Arabia,{{Cite news |last1=Said |first1=Summer |last2=Kalin |first2=Stephen |date=2023-03-03 |title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} Saudi Arabia and U.A.E. Clash Over Oil, Yemen as Rift Grows |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-and-u-a-e-clash-over-oil-yemen-as-rift-grows-ff286ff9 |access-date=2023-09-21 |issn=0099-9660}} and opposed Saudi efforts for OPEC+ production cuts.{{Cite news |date=2023-07-05 |title=UAE Won't Make Extra Voluntary OPEC+ Output Cuts at This Time |language=en |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-05/uae-won-t-make-extra-voluntary-opec-output-cuts-at-this-time |access-date=2023-09-21}}{{Cite news |last1=Said |first1=Summer |last2=Nissenbaum |first2=Dion |date=2022-11-01 |title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} Before OPEC+ Production Cut, Saudis Heard Objections From a Top Ally, the U.A.E. |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/before-opec-production-cut-saudis-heard-objections-from-a-top-ally-the-u-a-e-11667335415 |access-date=2023-09-21 |issn=0099-9660}}
Family and early life
Mohamed bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was born at Oasis Hospital in Al Ain on 11 March 1961,{{Cite web |title=Al Ain hospital where Abu Dhabi sheikh was born gets new name |url=https://kanadhospital.org/al-ain-hospital-where-abu-dhabi-sheikh-was-born-gets-new-name-expatmedia-net/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Kanad Hospital |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Mohamed bin Zayed thanks family of couple who set up first hospital |url=https://kanadhospital.org/mohamed-bin-zayed-thanks-family-of-couple-who-set-up-first-hospital/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Kanad Hospital |language=en-US}} in what was then known as the Trucial States.{{Cite news |url=https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/Childhood.aspx |title=Childhood |date= |work=Crown Prince Court |access-date=21 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419040150/https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/Childhood.aspx |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=National |first=The |date=2020-03-11 |title=UAE celebrates Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed's birthday |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/uae-celebrates-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-s-birthday-1.991161 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The National |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-05-14 |title=Mohamed bin Zayed: A Leader-born President |url=https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395303047646 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=wam}}
He is the third son of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who became the founder and first president of the United Arab Emirates and the 16th ruler of Abu Dhabi, and his third wife, Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi.{{Cite web |title=Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Centre |url=https://www.szgmc.gov.ae/en/NewsDetail-Fatima-Bint-Mubarak--the-opening-of-Coins-of-Islam--History-Revealed-the-achievements-of-women-throughout-various-Islamic-eras.-9647465F-2837-4C43-93B2-52D453BC9E5B |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.szgmc.gov.ae}}{{Cite web |title=Mother of the nation {{!}} Biography |url=https://motherofthenation.ae/en/biography |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=motherofthenation.ae |language=en}}
Mohamed has 18 brothers: Hamdan, Hazza, Issa, Nahyan, Saif, Tahnoun, Hamed, Mansour, Falah, Theyab, Abdullah, Omar, Khalid, the late Khalifa, the late Sultan, the late Saeed, the late Nasser, and the late Ahmed. In addition to these, he has eleven sisters.{{cite web |url=https://www.tamm.abudhabi/about-abudhabi-page/Rulers%20of%20Abu%20Dhabi/mohamed-bin-zayed |title=Mohamed bin Zayed |website=www.tamm.abudhabi |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221210251/https://www.tamm.abudhabi/about-abudhabi-page/Rulers%20of%20Abu%20Dhabi/mohamed-bin-zayed |url-status=live }}
He has five younger full brothers: Hamdan, Hazza, Tahnoun, Mansour, and Abdullah. They are referred to as Bani Fatima (the sons of Fatima).{{cite news |title=Abu Dhabi's family business |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/197e16f2-399b-11de-b82d-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2QYbDPdDK |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211221241/https://www.ft.com/content/197e16f2-399b-11de-b82d-00144feabdc0#axzz2QYbDPdDK |archive-date=11 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=16 April 2013 |newspaper=Financial Times |date=5 May 2009 }}{{cite book |author=Bruce Maddy-Weitzman |title=Middle East Contemporary Survey: 1999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zs57d0logH8C&pg=PA629 |access-date=16 April 2013 |date=1 August 2002 |publisher=The Moshe Dayan Center |isbn=978-965-224-049-1 |page=629 |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219201855/https://books.google.com/books?id=zs57d0logH8C&pg=PA629 |url-status=live }}
Education
Mohamed attended schools in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi and a summer at Gordonstoun until the age of 18. In his youth, his father put Izzedine Ibrahim, a respected Egyptian Islamic scholar with connections to the Muslim Brotherhood, charge of his education.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/09/magazine/united-arab-emirates-mohammed-bin-zayed.html |title=Mohammed bin Zayed's Dark Vision of the Middle East's Future |author=Robert F. Worth |work=The New York Times |date=9 January 2020 |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608083013/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/09/magazine/united-arab-emirates-mohammed-bin-zayed.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/scholar-who-left-cultural-mark-on-the-emirates-1.568186 |title=Scholar who left cultural mark on the Emirates |date=6 February 2010 |work=The National |access-date=4 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514143421/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/scholar-who-left-cultural-mark-on-the-emirates-1.568186 |url-status=live }}
Mohammed later joined the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and graduated in April 1979. During his time at Sandhurst, he completed a fundamental armor course, a fundamental flying course, a parachutist course, and training on tactical planes and helicopters, including the Gazelle squadron. During his time in Sandhurst, he met and became good friends with Abdullah of Pahang, who would later become the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia. They were both officer cadets at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/royal-ties-sheikh-mohamed-and-the-king-of-malaysia-in-1979-1.892973 |title=Royal ties: Sheikh Mohamed and the King of Malaysia in 1979 |date=2019-07-31 |work=The National |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925143014/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/royal-ties-sheikh-mohamed-and-the-king-of-malaysia-in-1979-1.892973 |url-status=live }}
In the 1980s as a young military officer, he enjoyed vacationing in Tanzania, where he met the Masai people and saw their customs and the extent of poverty in the country. Upon his return he went to see his father. His father asked him what he had done to help the people he had encountered. Mohamed shrugged and said he had not helped them because the people he met were not Muslims. Mohamed said that his father "clutched my arm, and looked into my eyes very harshly. He said, 'We are all God's creatures.'"
He has held a number of roles in the UAE military, from that of an officer in the Amiri Guard (now called Presidential Guard) to a pilot in the UAE Air Force.{{cite web |url=https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/default.aspx |title=H.H.'s Biography |website=www.cpc.gov.ae |access-date=2 May 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419040151/https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live }}
Political career
=Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi=
File:Al Nahyan at Camp David.jpg at Camp David]]
In November 2003, Sheikh Zayed appointed his son Mohamed as deputy crown prince of Abu Dhabi.{{Cite news |date=12 December 2003 |title=With MBZs promotion, Sheikha Fatima sons take centre stage |language=en |work=Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/downloadable/781 |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411012045/https://www.gsn-online.com/downloadable/781 |archive-date=11 April 2022}}{{Cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/photos/news/throwback-photos-of-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-to-mark-59th-birthday-1.1583907065471?slide=1 |title=Throwback photos of Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed to mark 59th birthday |date=11 March 2020 |work=Gulf News |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514143422/https://gulfnews.com/photos/news/throwback-photos-of-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-to-mark-59th-birthday-1.1583907065471?slide=1 |url-status=live }} Upon the death of his father, Mohamed became crown prince of Abu Dhabi in November 2004 and was appointed deputy supreme commander of the UAE Armed Forces in January 2005.{{Cite news |url=https://www.mubadala.com/en/who-we-are/board-of-directors/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan |title=Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, and Chairman of the Executive Council, Chairman |date= |work=MUBADALA |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606160922/https://www.mubadala.com/en/who-we-are/board-of-directors/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan |url-status=live }} Later that month, he was promoted to the rank of general. Since December 2004 he has also been the chairman of the Abu Dhabi Executive Council, which is responsible for the development and planning of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and is a member of the Supreme Petroleum Council.{{cite web |url=http://www.adnoc.ae/Content.aspx?newid=24&mid=24 |title=Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) - The Supreme Petroleum Council (SPC) |publisher=ADNOC |date=25 June 2011 |access-date=11 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227052336/http://www.adnoc.ae/Content.aspx?newid=24&mid=24 |archive-date=27 February 2010}} He also served as a special adviser to his older half-brother, Khalifa bin Zayed, president of the UAE at the time.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
As a result of Sheikh Khalifa's ill health,{{cite news |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/sheikh-khalifa-stable-after-recovering-from-stroke-1.686381 |title=Sheikh Khalifa stable after recovering from stroke |newspaper=The National |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=17 July 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717095818/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/sheikh-khalifa-stable-after-recovering-from-stroke-1.686381 |url-status=live }} Mohamed became the de facto ruler of Abu Dhabi in January 2014 and was responsible for welcoming foreign dignitaries in the capital district of the United Arab Emirates in the city of Abu Dhabi.{{cite news|author=Mitya Underwood|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/sheikh-mohamed-welcomes-back-old-friends-to-capital|title=Sheikh Mohamed welcomes back old friends to capital|newspaper=The National|date=13 November 2012|access-date=11 April 2013|archive-date=19 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219201857/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/sheikh-mohammed-welcomes-back-old-friends-to-capital-1.558009|url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/queen-elizabeth-ii-visits-the-uae-1.718266 |title=Queen Elizabeth II visits the UAE |date=24 November 2010 |work=Gulf News |access-date=2 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514143421/https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/queen-elizabeth-ii-visits-the-uae-1.718266 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=The Leading Mohammed bin Zayed Site on the Net |url=http://www.mohammedbinzayed.com/site/en/news_show.php?n_id=286 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Mohammed bin Zayed |archive-date=3 January 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110103080056/http://www.mohammedbinzayed.com/site/en/news_show.php?n_id=286 |url-status=live }} On 13 May 2022, he became the ruler of Abu Dhabi, following the death of his brother Khalifa.{{cite news |date=2022-05-13 |title=Mohamed bin Zayed, Sheikhs perform funeral prayer for late UAE President |language=en |work=Emirates News Agency |url=https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395303047003 |url-status=live |access-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513191638/https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395303047003 |archive-date=13 May 2022}} On 14 May 2022, he was elected as president of the United Arab Emirates.{{Cite news |date=2022-05-14 |title=Federal Supreme Council elects Mohamed bin Zayed as UAE President |language=en |work=Emirates News Agency |url=https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395303047321 |url-status=live |access-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514151039/https://wam.ae/en/details/1395303047321 |archive-date=14 May 2022}}
=Foreign policy=
File:SheikMohammedNSS2012.jpg]]
File:Isaac Herzog Presidential Visit to the United Arab Emirates, January 2022 (GPOABG 3702).jpg meets Mohamed during his official visit to the United Arab Emirates, 30 January 2022]]
File:President Michel visits United Arab Emirates.jpg on 8 September 2022]]
File:15.04.2023 - Cerimônia Oficial de Chegada (52819850731).jpg in Abu Dhabi, 15 April 2023]]
In 2018, Mohamed travelled to Ethiopia to meet Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed ahead of the first installment of a $3 billion donation from the UAE to Ethiopia, intended to tide over its foreign exchange shortage. Under Mohamed's encouragement and initiative, the UAE raised funds to provide aid to Somalia during periods of drought.{{cite web |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/abu-dhabi/video-sheikh-mohamed-meets-afghanistan-president-in-uae |title=Video: Sheikh Mohamed meets Afghanistan president in UAE |last= |website=Khaleej Times |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319122732/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/abu-dhabi/video-sheikh-mohamed-meets-afghanistan-president-in-uae |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/18/united-arab-emirates-gives-ethiopia-1-billion-lifeline-to-ease-foreign-exchange-crisis.html |title=United Arab Emirates gives Ethiopia $1 billion lifeline to ease foreign exchange crisis |last=Crabtree |first=Justina |date=18 June 2018 |website=CNBC |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417093912/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/18/united-arab-emirates-gives-ethiopia-1-billion-lifeline-to-ease-foreign-exchange-crisis.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.alittihad.ae/article/24200/2017/ |title=محمد بن زايد يحيي مبادرة |website=www.alittihad.ae |date=25 April 2017 |language=ar |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312184439/https://www.alittihad.ae/article/24200/2017/ |url-status=live }}
Mohamed is a supporter of Yemen's internationally recognized government after the Yemen civil war and supported the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen to drive out Irani-backed Houthi militants after the Houthi takeover in Yemen.{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/05/middleeast/yemen-weapons-depot-attack/index.html |title=Saudi-led coalition strikes back after deadly Houthi attack |website=CNN |date=5 September 2015 |access-date=6 September 2015 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906035712/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/05/middleeast/yemen-weapons-depot-attack/index.html |url-status=live }} During Mohamed's visit to France in 2018, a group of rights activists filed a lawsuit against the crown prince accusing him of being a "war criminal" who was "complicit in the torture and inhumane treatment in Yemen". The complaint filed on behalf of the French rights group AIDL said: "It is in this capacity that he has ordered bombings on Yemeni territory."{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-emirates/rights-group-sues-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-in-france-over-yemen-idUSKCN1NQ1IU |title=Rights group sues Abu Dhabi Crown Prince in France over Yemen |last=Jarry |first=Emmanuel |work=Reuters|access-date=27 November 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514143420/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-emirates/rights-group-sues-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-in-france-over-yemen-idUSKCN1NQ1IU |url-status=live }}
Mohamed’s foreign policy was characterized by supporting secessionist movements and fueling fragmentation across various countries in the MENA region. A result of his opposition to the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, this approach assists the UAE’s plans to avoid external threat, silencing dissent, exercise influence and secure its interest. MbZ has actively encouraged factions that undermine central governments, including Khalifa Haftar in Libya, the Southern Movement in Yemen and Hemedti in Sudan, rather than backing the unified states.{{cite news|title=The separatist strategy of the United Arab Emirates|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/un-si-proche-orient/article/2025/05/11/la-strategie-separatiste-des-emirats-arabes-unis_6604934_6116995.html |newspaper=Le Monde |date=11 May 2025 |access-date=20 May 2025 |archive-date=14 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514211113/https://www.lemonde.fr/un-si-proche-orient/article/2025/05/11/la-strategie-separatiste-des-emirats-arabes-unis_6604934_6116995.html |url-status=live}}
==United States==
Mohamed regards the United States as his chief ally and has a strong relationship with United States diplomats including US former Secretary of Defence Jim Mattis and US former national security advisor and counter-terrorism expert Richard A. Clarke. As unpaid advisers, Mohamed consults them and follows their advice on combating terrorism and enhancing the UAE's military strength and intelligence. Mohamed had an initially good relationship with the Obama administration but the relationship deteriorated when Barack Obama did not consult with or even inform the UAE about the Iran nuclear deal. A further breakdown in relations was caused over their different positions on the Syrian civil war. According to an Emirati senior adviser, "His Highness felt that the UAE had made sacrifices and then been excluded." However, Mohamed continued talking to Obama regularly and offered him advice. Mohamed warned Obama that his proposed remedy for Syria — the Free Syrian Army rebels who were allied to Al-Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood — would be worse than the regime of Bashar al-Assad. He also urged Obama to talk to the Russians about working together on Syria, and supported the Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war. The relationship deteriorated further when Obama made dismissive comments in a 2016 interview in The Atlantic, describing the gulf's rulers as "free riders" who "do not have the ability to put out the flames on their own". After the election of Donald Trump, Mohamed flew to New York to meet the president-elect's team and canceled a parting lunch with Obama.{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/ |title=The Obama Doctrine |publisher=The Atlantic |date=April 2016 |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918034100/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/ |url-status=live }}
File:President Joe Biden and President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.jpg at the GCC+3 summit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 16 July 2022]]
File:Secretary Blinken Meets with UAE President (53450785486).jpg, 8 January 2024]]
Mohamed shared similar ideas with President Trump regarding Iran and the Muslim Brotherhood, as Trump has sought to move strongly against both. When Mohamed was a child, his father Sheikh Zayed unknowingly assigned a respected Muslim Brotherhood member, Ezzedine Ibrahim, as Mohamed's tutor. His tutor attempted an indoctrination that backfired. "I am an Arab, I am a Muslim and I pray. And in the 1970s and early 1980s I was one of them," Mohamed told visiting American diplomats in 2007 to explain his distrust of the Muslim Brotherhood, as they reported in a classified cable released by WikiLeaks. He stated, "I strongly believe these guys have an agenda." Trump also shared Mohamed's views on Qatar, Libya and Saudi Arabia, even over the advice of cabinet officials and senior national security staff.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/02/world/middleeast/prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html |work=The New York Times |title=What to Know About Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, the Arab Ruler Swaying Trump |date=2 June 2019 |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514143421/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/02/world/middleeast/prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html |url-status=live }} In August 2020, Trump, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Sheikh Mohamed jointly announced the establishment of formal Israeli–Emirati relations.{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-israel-uae-peace-agreement |title=Trump announces 'Historic Peace Agreement' between Israel, UAE |last=Singman |first=Brooke |date=14 August 2020 |website=Fox News |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200813225811/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-israel-uae-peace-agreement |url-status=live }}
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, The Wall Street Journal reported that Al Nahyan refused to take phone calls with US President Joe Biden when Biden was asking for greater oil production from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates due to criticism of Biden's policy in the Gulf.{{Cite news |last1=Nissenbaum |first1=Dion |last2=Kalin |first2=Stephen |last3=Cloud |first3=David S. |date=9 March 2022 |title=Saudi, Emirati Leaders Decline Calls With Biden During Ukraine Crisis |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-emirati-leaders-decline-calls-with-biden-during-ukraine-crisis-11646779430 |access-date=9 March 2022 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803173155/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-emirati-leaders-decline-calls-with-biden-during-ukraine-crisis-11646779430 |url-status=live }}
In September 2024, Mohamed bin Zayed visited the United States, marking the first ever visit of an Emirati President to the White House. Mohamed met President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris separately, discussing the future bilateral economic and technological relations.{{cite news|title=Biden and Harris Meet With Emirati President in Washington |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/23/us/politics/biden-harris-united-arab-emirates.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=23 September 2024}} Besides, Biden also designated the UAE as a “Major Defense Partner”, a decision that faced opposition due to the Emirates’ “secret” support to the RSF in Sudan conflict.{{cite news|title=US rewards UAE bad behavior making it a 'major defense partner' |url=https://responsiblestatecraft.org/uae-us-defense-partner/ |newspaper=Responsible Statecraft |date=29 September 2024}} Ahead of Mohamed’s visit to Washington, the US lawmakers also sent a letter to Biden, asking him to discuss Sudan’s crisis with Mohamed. The lawmakers stated that the UAE’s backing of RSF could hinder Biden’s efforts to end the conflict.{{cite news|title=Congress of the United States: Letter to President of the United States |url=https://jayapal.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Letter-to-Biden-on-UAE-Visit_FINAL.pdf |newspaper=Jaypal.house.gov |date=20 September 2024}}
== Egypt ==
On 22 March 2022, Sheikh Mohamed met with President of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett in Egypt. They discussed trilateral relations, Russo-Ukrainian War and the Iran nuclear deal.{{cite web |last=Berman |first=Lazar |title=In first, Bennett meets Sissi, MBZ in Egypt amid concerns over Ukraine war |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-first-bennett-meets-sissi-mbz-in-egypt-amid-concerns-over-ukraine-war/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US |archive-date=23 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623020800/https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-first-bennett-meets-sissi-mbz-in-egypt-amid-concerns-over-ukraine-war/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Israeli PM, UAE de facto ruler hold talks with el-Sisi in Egypt |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/21/israeli-emirati-leaders-meet-sisi-in-egypt |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621151408/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/21/israeli-emirati-leaders-meet-sisi-in-egypt |url-status=live }}
==Russia==
Mohamed maintains a strong relationship with Russia and Vladimir Putin, and has brokered talks between Russia and the Trump administration. In 2016, Mohamed was found involved in the Russian meddling of the US presidential elections, where his adviser George Nader arranged a meeting for him and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in Seychelles with US and Russian delegates, including Erik Prince and Kirill Dmitriev.{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/02/05/erik-prince-doj-russia-110955 |title=DOJ reviews allegation that Erik Prince misled Congress in Russia probe |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=Politico |date=5 February 2020 |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502190304/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/02/05/erik-prince-doj-russia-110955 |url-status=live }} Mohamed was named in the final report of special counsel Robert Mueller on the alleged collusion between Trump campaign and Russia, which the investigation later concluded that there was no collusion between the meeting that occurred with Mohamed.{{cite news |url=https://www.apnews.com/bbdc17a88bf54f968495c1212a509a02 |title=Powerful Emirati crown prince entangled by Mueller report |work=Associated Press |access-date=19 April 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419160148/https://apnews.com/bbdc17a88bf54f968495c1212a509a02 |url-status=live }} Mohamed's strong relationship with both Russia and the United States, as well as the influence he wields across both countries, has led The New York Times to label him as the Arab World's "most powerful ruler".
Putin calls Mohamed an "old friend" and "a big friend of our country, a big friend of Russia". The two leaders talk with each other on the phone regularly.{{cite web |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/vladimir-putin-looking-forward-to-seeing-old-friend-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-1.922780 |title=Vladimir Putin looking forward to seeing 'old friend' Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed |publisher=The National |date=13 October 2019 |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008150710/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/vladimir-putin-looking-forward-to-seeing-old-friend-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-1.922780 |url-status=live }} In an official state visit to the Emirates, Putin gifted Mohamed a Russian gyrfalcon. The UAE also trained the first two Emirati astronauts Hazza Al Mansouri and Sultan Al Neyadi, and successfully launched the first Emirati and Arab astronaut Hazza Al Mansouri to the International Space Station with Russian help.
File:Al Nahyan-Putin meeting (2022-10-11) 2.jpg meeting with Sheikh Mohamed in Saint Petersburg on 11 October 2022]]
On 11 October 2022, Sheikh Mohamed met with Putin in Saint Petersburg, days after OPEC+ cut oil production.{{cite news |title=Putin hosts United Arab Emirates leader for economic talks |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-business-abu-dhabi-a51f254dc2a8c8d068d9ca1e6ec0afb1 |work=Associated Press |date=11 October 2022 |access-date=16 October 2022 |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016152811/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-business-abu-dhabi-a51f254dc2a8c8d068d9ca1e6ec0afb1 |url-status=live }}
In June 2023, Sheikh Mohamed met Putin at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF), and said the Emirates wished to strengthen ties with Russia. Mohamed became the most prominent attendee, as the UAE was a special guest country at the event. Several major US and European politicians and investors used to attend the forum before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, but the Western nations remained absent from the event in 2023.{{Cite news |date=2023-06-16 |title=Putin Meets With UAE Leader to Break Isolation at Flagship Forum |language=en |work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-16/putin-to-hold-talks-with-uae-leader-at-st-petersburg-forum|access-date=2023-06-18}} MbZ's diplomatic adviser, Anwar Gargash said it was a "calculated risk" that the UAE was willing to take for de-escalation in an increasingly polarized world.{{Cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Becky |last2=Salem |first2=Mostafa |date=2023-06-16 |title=UAE says Russia ties are a 'calculated risk' in an increasingly polarized world |language=en |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/16/middleeast/uae-russia-st-petersburg-mime-intl/index.html|access-date=2023-06-18}} The UAE was, however, criticized for supporting Russia's war in Ukraine,{{Cite news |last=Jean-Pierre |first=Filiu |date=2023-04-02 |title=The UAE is on team Russia in war against Ukraine |language=en |work=Le Monde |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/russia/article/2023/04/02/uae-is-on-team-russia-in-war-against-ukraine_6021450_140.html|access-date=2023-06-18}} where the Emirates also became a mediator in sending Chinese weapons to Russia.{{Cite news |last1=Banco |first1=Erin |last2=Aarup Anne |first2=Sarah |date=2023-03-16 |title='Hunting rifles' — really? China ships assault weapons and body armor to Russia |language=en |work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/chinese-companies-are-shipping-rifles-body-armor-to-russia/|access-date=2023-06-18}}
==Turkey==
File:Prime Minister Of Bharat Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi with President Of The UAE MbZ and others at the 50th G7 Summit in Italy.jpg and Indian prime minister Narendra Modi at the G7 Summit in Italy, 14 June 2024]]
In August 2021, Mohamed held talks with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to discuss reinforcing relations between their two countries.{{Cite news |url=https://thearabweekly.com/abu-dhabis-crown-prince-discusses-ties-erdogan |title=Abu Dhabi's crown prince discusses ties with Erdogan |date=2021-08-31 |work=The Arab Weekly |access-date=2022-10-07 |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007121047/https://thearabweekly.com/abu-dhabis-crown-prince-discusses-ties-erdogan |url-status=live }} This came after years of each state supporting opposing sides in regional conflicts, such as that in Libya. Relations started to improve between the two regional rivals – the United Arab Emirates and Turkey – following the fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban and the withdrawal of the US troops.{{cite web |title=MBZ is performing a U-turn that could reshape the Middle East |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/uae-foreign-policy-swerve-could-reshape-middle-east |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321200049/https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/uae-foreign-policy-swerve-could-reshape-middle-east |url-status=live }}
== Africa ==
The Emirates’ policy in Africa majorly involved three categories– Commercial, strategic and financial role. Under Mohamed’s leadership, the Emirates’ total investments into Africa increased to $110bn, as China was cutting down loans to the continent. In 2022 and 2023, the Emirates also pledged investments worth $97bn across ports, renewable energy, mining, agriculture, real estate, communications and manufacturing in Africa. In a decade, the UAE maintained a position amongst the top 4 investors of Africa. The Emirati influence in Africa has also been on the rise. Even though Dubai denied to extradite Gupta brothers, who were accused of looting South Africa by the authorities, Mohamed was welcomed in the state. Mohamed also donated around $1mn to upgrade a runway of an airport in the Eastern Cape province. In April 2023, Mohamed, his family and friends, traveled to Eastern Cape to stay at his private resort to celebrate Eid. The UAE’s presence was also seen in wars, including in Libya, Ethiopia and Sudan. In Ethiopia, the Emirates provided military support to the government in the war against the forces from Tigray. In 2019 and 2020, the UAE’s actions in the Libya war were controversial, where it supported the Libyan warload, Khalifa Haftar. In Sudan, the UAE was accused of fueling the war by supporting Hemedti’s Rapid Support Forces, which the Emirates has repeatedly denied.{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/uae-president-lands-in-eastern-cape-on-r20m-runway-he-built-for-himself-and-his-entourage-20230420|title=UAE president lands in Eastern Cape on R20m runway he built for himself and his entourage|first=Malibongwe|last=Dayimani|website=News24}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/the-uaes-rising-military-role-in-africa-defending-interests-advancing-influence-172825|title=The UAE’s Rising Military Role in Africa: Defending Interests, Advancing Influence|website=ISPI}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/388e1690-223f-41a8-a5f2-0c971dbfe6f0 |title=The UAE's rising influence in Africa|work=Financial Times |date=30 May 2024 |last1=Pilling |first1=David |last2=Cornish |first2=Chloe |last3=Schipani |first3=Andres }} African leaders increasingly welcomed investments from the UAE, which offered a financial boost to Africa’s green energy sector. Between 2019-2023, Emirati investments in renewable energy amounted to $72 billion. However, the UAE’s rising climate finance commitments in Africa were questioned by activists and analysts. They raised concerns around the UAE’s rights records, treatment of migrant workers, support for hydrocarbons, and its failure to address environmental issues.{{cite news|title=UAE becomes Africa's biggest investor amid rights concerns |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/24/uae-becomes-africa-biggest-investor-amid-rights-concerns |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 December 2024}}
=== Sudan ===
During the Sudanese civil war that broke out in 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and its former paramiltary wing, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the UAE covertly provided arms to the RSF,Michelle Gavin, [https://www.cfr.org/blog/washingtons-mixed-messages-fueling-war-sudan Washington's Mixed Messages on Fueling the War in Sudan], Council on Foreign Relations (September 26, 2024). which has perpetrated massive crimes against humanity in Sudan, including large-scale sexual violence, indiscriminate killings, and ethnic cleansing.Jeremy Konyndyk, [https://www.refugeesinternational.org/statements-and-news/uae-must-stop-fueling-sudan-atrocities/ UAE Must Stop Fueling Sudan Atrocities], Refugees International (September 22, 2024). The UAE used the cover of humanitarian relief efforts under Red Crescent auspices to ship the weapons to RSF, including powerful drones, howitzers, multiple rocket launchers, and antiaircraft missiles,Declan Walsh and Christoph Koettl, [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/21/world/africa/uae-sudan-civil-war.html How a U.S. Ally Uses Aid as a Cover in War], New York Times (September 21, 2024). and is regarded as the most important foreign ally of RSF and its head Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (known as Hemeti). Although the UAE officially denies arming any of the combatants in the Sudan conflict,Aidan Lewis, [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-conflict-whos-backing-rival-commanders-2023-05-03/ Sudan's conflict: Who is backing the rival commanders?], Reuters (May 3, 2023). Emirati officials reportedly made an implicit acknowledgement of the country's support for Hemeti after being confronted by U.S. officials. Groups such as Refugees International have criticized MBZ for his support for the RSF.
= Nuclear energy =
{{main article|Barakah nuclear power plant}}
{{see also|U.S.–UAE 123 Agreement for Peaceful Civilian Nuclear Energy Cooperation}}
Under Mohamed, the UAE built the Barakah nuclear power plant, which is the first nuclear power plant in the Arabian Peninsula.{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/uae-unity-effort-and-great-sacrifices-says-mohamed-bin-zayed-on-48th-national-day-1.1575190721046 |title=UAE: Unity, effort and great sacrifices, says Mohamed bin Zayed on 48th National Day |publisher=Gulf News |date=1 December 2019 |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514143422/https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/uae-unity-effort-and-great-sacrifices-says-mohamed-bin-zayed-on-48th-national-day-1.1575190721046 |url-status=live }} The UAE and US signed a bilateral agreement for peaceful nuclear cooperation that enhances international standards of nuclear non-proliferation.{{cite web |url=http://uae-embassy.org/html/uaenews/news11.html |title=The United Arab Emirates and the United States Sign Bilateral Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Energy Cooperation |publisher=www.uae-embassy.org |access-date=2 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126091256/http://uae-embassy.org/html/uaenews/news11.html |archive-date=26 January 2009}} Mohamed was at the Nuclear Security Summit of 2012{{Cite news |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/photos/world-leaders-gather-for-seoul-nuclear-security-summit-451487.html |title=World leaders gather for Seoul Nuclear Security Summit |work=Arabian Business |access-date=27 November 2018 |language=en |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804092407/https://www.arabianbusiness.com/photos/world-leaders-gather-for-seoul-nuclear-security-summit-451487.html |url-status=live }} and 2014, which were hosted by South Korea and the Netherlands respectively.{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/safety-moves-welcomed-by-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-as-nuclear-summit-concludes-1.477736 |title=Safety moves welcomed by Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed as nuclear summit concludes |work=The National |access-date=27 November 2018 |language=en |archive-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911094415/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/safety-moves-welcomed-by-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-as-nuclear-summit-concludes-1.477736 |url-status=live }}
= Religion in the UAE =
{{See also|Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates}}
File:The Temple Committee members presenting the Temple Literature to the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Supreme Commander of U.A.E. Armed Forces.jpg present Hindu literature to Sheikh Mohamed and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Abu Dhabi. At the rightmost corner is B. R. Shetty.]]
Islam is the official religion of the UAE and there are laws against blasphemy, proselytizing by non-Muslims, and conversions away from Islam. The constitution of the UAE guarantees freedom of worship, unless it contradicts public policy or morals.{{Cite news |title=Five things to know about religious freedom in the United Arab Emirates |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/02/05/five-things-know-about-religious-freedom-united-arab-emirates/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127031757/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/02/05/five-things-know-about-religious-freedom-united-arab-emirates/ |url-status=live }} The UAE government tightly controls and monitors Muslim practices.{{cite web |title=UAE's tolerance embraces faiths, runs up against politics |url=https://apnews.com/article/muslim-brotherhood-pope-francis-ap-top-news-international-news-united-arab-emirates-977d548fdf56424c8a9f027a3d816e20 |access-date=9 March 2022 |website=AP News |date=20 April 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514090808/https://apnews.com/article/muslim-brotherhood-pope-francis-ap-top-news-international-news-united-arab-emirates-977d548fdf56424c8a9f027a3d816e20 |url-status=live }} A government permit is required to hold a Quran lecture or distribute content related to Islam in an effort to combat decentralized preaching from Islamist groups. All imams must receive their salaries from the UAE government.
Mohamed visited Pope Francis in 2016, and in February 2019, he welcomed Francis to the UAE, marking the first papal visit to the Arabian Peninsula. Pope Francis's arrival coincided with a conference entitled "Global Conference of Human Fraternity". The conference featured talks and workshops about how to foster religious tolerance. As part of this visit, Pope Francis held the first Papal Mass to be celebrated in the Arabian Peninsula at Zayed Sports City in which 180,000 worshippers from 100 countries, including 4,000 Muslims, were present.{{cite web |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-02/pope-francis-uae-arrival-in-abu-dhabi.html |title=Pope Francis arrives in UAE on 27th Apostolic Journey abroad |date=3 February 2019 |website=www.vaticannews.va |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205193554/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-02/pope-francis-uae-arrival-in-abu-dhabi.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/pope-francis-abu-dhabi-interfaith-conference |title=Pope Francis in Abu Dhabi for Interfaith Conference |website=Voice of America |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705042156/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/pope-francis-abu-dhabi-interfaith-conference |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/Business%20Wire/2898e664ddda466db30c48e3d089c790 |title=Muslim Council of Elders' 'Global Conference of Human Fraternity' Outlines a Vision of Global Fraternity in Abu Dhabi |date=4 February 2019 |website=AP News |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705042426/https://apnews.com/Business%20Wire/2898e664ddda466db30c48e3d089c790 |url-status=live }}
Over the course of the last years, the UAE has seen the rise of the Indian population and Hindu advocacy. The government has allowed the building of several privately-funded Hindu temples and the screening of the film The Kashmir Files.{{Cite web |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/dubais-new-hindu-temple-in-jebel-ali-officially-opens-1.91045436 |title=Dubai's new Hindu temple in Jebel Ali officially opens |date=4 October 2022 |access-date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210201411/https://gulfnews.com/uae/dubais-new-hindu-temple-in-jebel-ali-officially-opens-1.91045436 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Indian expats in UAE rejoice as BJP leads in vote count |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/indian-expats-in-uae-rejoice-as-bjp-leads-in-vote-count |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210201410/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/indian-expats-in-uae-rejoice-as-bjp-leads-in-vote-count |archive-date=10 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023}}{{Cite web |date=10 May 2022 |title=Filem kontroversi Kashmir, Singapura haramkan tayangan |work=Portal Berita RTM |url=https://berita.rtm.gov.my/~berita/index.php/hiburan/39563-filem-kontroversi-kashmir-singapura-haramkan-tayangan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213234139/https://berita.rtm.gov.my/~berita/index.php/hiburan/39563-filem-kontroversi-kashmir-singapura-haramkan-tayangan |archive-date=13 February 2023 |access-date=13 February 2023 |last1=Baharu |first1=Media }}
Domestic policy
= Authoritarianism =
File:President Joe Biden stands with leaders of the GCC countries, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan.jpg+3 summit in Jeddah, 16 July 2022]]
Political scientists have characterized Mohamed bin Zayed as the strongman leader of an authoritarian regime, as there are no free and fair elections,{{cite web |title=United Arab Emirates: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/united-arab-emirates/freedom-world/2020 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Freedom House |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502142542/https://freedomhouse.org/country/united-arab-emirates/freedom-world/2020 |url-status=live }} political and civil rights are limited,{{cite web |date=20 February 2020 |title=Amnesty International condemns UAE crimes against its people |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200220-amnesty-international-condemns-uae-crimes-against-its-people/ |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Middle East Monitor |language=en-GB |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407075509/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200220-amnesty-international-condemns-uae-crimes-against-its-people/ |url-status=live }} free speech is restricted,{{cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=The UAE's notorious limits on free speech have serious implications for expats |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210218-the-uaes-notorious-limits-on-free-speech-have-serious-implications-for-expats/ |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Middle East Monitor |language=en-GB |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531051032/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210218-the-uaes-notorious-limits-on-free-speech-have-serious-implications-for-expats/ |url-status=live }} and there are no free and independent media. According to the human rights organizations Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, the UAE practices torture, arbitrary detention, and forced disappearance of citizens and residents.{{cite web |date=15 April 2013 |title=UAE: Obama Should Press Crown Prince on Rights |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/04/15/uae-obama-should-press-crown-prince-rights |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407075509/https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/04/15/uae-obama-should-press-crown-prince-rights |url-status=live }}
Political scientist Christopher Davidson has characterized Mohamed's tenure as de facto UAE leader as entailing "a marked and rapid intensification of autocratic-authoritarianism." Democracy indicators show "recent and substantial efforts to tighten up almost all remaining political and civic freedoms." According to Andreas Krieg, Mohamed's political ideology holds that strongman authoritarianism is the optimal governance system for the UAE. Krieg writes:
"MbZ envisaged the creation of a new Middle Eastern state... Statecraft would be the prerogative of the autocratic, centralized ruler whose transactional relationship with his subordinates was supposed to be governed by both means of accommodation and repression. The ideal strongman, from MbZ's point of view, was in control of the security sector, both military and law enforcement, and governed over a society emancipated from religious conservatism and empowered by capitalist market structures... Abu Dhabi's paranoia over political dissidence was further fuelled by the developments of the Arab Spring to which MbZ internally reacted by further curtailing the freedom of speech, thought and assembly in the country... MbZ's fierce state has moved against any civil society activism in the country outside state control."
= Economic policy =
File:16th BRICS Summit family photograph (2024).jpg in Kazan, Russia, 23 October 2024]]
Scholars have characterized the UAE under Mohamed bin Zayed's regime as a rentier state.
He previously served as the head of Abu Dhabi Council for Economic Development (ADCED), Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), Mubadala Development Company, Tawazun Economic Council, and Abu Dhabi Department of Education and Knowledge.{{Cite news |url=https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/RolesandResponsibilities.aspx |title=Roles and Responsibilities |date= |work=Crown Prince Court |access-date=17 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419040420/https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/RolesandResponsibilities.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Abu Dhabi Investment Authority |url=https://www.adia.ae/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626160555/https://www.adia.ae/ |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=www.adia.ae}}{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.added.gov.ae/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613233438/https://added.gov.ae/ |archive-date=13 June 2022 |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=www.added.gov.ae |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Saba |first=Yousef |date=2023-03-09 |title=Abu Dhabi shakes up wealth funds with top royals chairing |language=en |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/abu-dhabi-shakes-up-wealth-funds-with-top-royals-chairing-2023-03-09/ |access-date=2023-09-17}}
According to The Intercept and referencing the hacked emails of Yousef Al Otiaba, an American citizen Khaled Hassen received $10 million in 2013 for an alleged torture settlement after a lawsuit presented in the federal court in Los Angeles against three senior Abu Dhabi royals, including Mohamed bin Zayed.{{cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2017/07/13/thanks-to-state-department-cables-a-torture-victim-won-a-rare-10-million-settlement |title=State Department cables show settlement of torture victim case |website=The Intercept |date=6 June 2017 |access-date=1 July 2017 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514143423/https://theintercept.com/2017/07/13/thanks-to-state-department-cables-a-torture-victim-won-a-rare-10-million-settlement/ |url-status=live }}
In June 2018, Mohamed approved a three-year AED 50 billion stimulus package. He also commissioned a review of building regulations in an effort to galvanize urban development.{{cite web |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-announces-dh50-billion-stimulus-for-abu-dhabi-1.737334 |title=Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed announces Dh50 billion stimulus for Abu Dhabi |website=The National |date=7 June 2018 |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605184543/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-announces-dh50-billion-stimulus-for-abu-dhabi-1.737334 |url-status=live }}
Mohamed is chairman of the Supreme Council for Financial and Economic Affairs and the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. The council is the primary governing body of Abu Dhabi's financial, investment, economic, petroleum and natural resources affairs.{{Cite web |last=Saadi |first=Dania |date=2020-12-28 |title=Abu Dhabi merges Supreme Petroleum Council with new economic body |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/122820-abu-dhabi-merges-supreme-petroleum-council-with-new-economic-body |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=www.spglobal.com |language=en}}
Military
{{main article|United Arab Emirates Armed Forces}}
File:Defense.gov News Photo 970617-D-2987S-074.jpg in Abu Dhabi, 1997]]
Mohamed served as an officer in the Amiri Guard (now known as Presidential Guard), as a pilot in the UAE's Air Force, as commander of the UAE Air Force and Air Defense, and as deputy chief of staff of the Armed Forces. In 2005, he was appointed deputy supreme commander of the UAE Armed Forces and was accordingly promoted to lieutenant general.
In the early 1990s, Mohamed told Richard Clarke, then an assistant secretary of state, that he wanted to buy the F-16 fighter jet. Clarke replied that he must mean the F-16A, the model the Pentagon sold to American allies. Mohamed said that instead he wanted a newer model he had read about in Aviation Week, with an advanced radar-and-weapons system. Clarke told him that that model did not exist yet; the military had not done the necessary research and development. Mohamed said the UAE would pay for the research and development. The subsequent negotiations went on for years, and according to Clarke "he ended up with a better F-16 than the US Air Force had".
Mohamed made jujitsu compulsory in schools. In 2014, he established the military draft, conscripting young Emiratis to attend a year of boot camp, initially running a pilot project within his own family and making his own daughters run as the sample size by making them attend boot camp. He invited Maj. Gen. Mike Hindmarsh, the retired former head of Australia's Special Operations Command, to help reorganize the Emirati military. According to the New York Times, as a result of Mohamed's vision, the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces became the best equipped and trained military in the region apart from Israel. Under Mohamed's leadership, the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces also became commonly nicknamed as "Little Sparta" by United States Armed Forces General and former US defense secretary James Mattis as a result of their active and effective military role despite their small active personnel.{{cite news |title=In the UAE, the United States has a quiet, potent ally nicknamed 'Little Sparta' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/in-the-uae-the-united-states-has-a-quiet-potent-ally-nicknamed-little-sparta/2014/11/08/3fc6a50c-643a-11e4-836c-83bc4f26eb67_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818041917/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/in-the-uae-the-united-states-has-a-quiet-potent-ally-nicknamed-little-sparta/2014/11/08/3fc6a50c-643a-11e4-836c-83bc4f26eb67_story.html |archive-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=live}}
According to a 2020 study, Mohamed's reforms successfully increased the effectiveness of the UAE military.{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=David B. |date=11 February 2020 |title=Bucking the Trend: The UAE and the Development of Military Capabilities in the Arab World |journal=Security Studies |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=301–334 |doi=10.1080/09636412.2020.1722852 |s2cid=214054750 |issn=0963-6412 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/bucking-the-trend(e106f9fc-7246-4c1c-95cc-b35376880f5f).html |access-date=4 October 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514153731/https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/bucking-the-trend(e106f9fc-7246-4c1c-95cc-b35376880f5f).html |url-status=live }}
Controversies
On 17 July 2020, a French investigating magistrate was appointed to carry out the probe targeting Mohamed bin Zayed for "complicity in the of torture" citing the UAE's involvement in the Yemen civil war.{{cite news |title=Abu Dhabi crown prince targeted by French torture probe: sources |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200717-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-targeted-by-french-torture-probe-sources |access-date=15 December 2022 |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=France 24 |date=17 July 2020 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104215452/https://www.france24.com/en/20200717-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-targeted-by-french-torture-probe-sources |url-status=live }} One of the two complaints was filed with the constitution of civil party by six Yemenis, who claimed to have been tortured, electrocuted and burned by cigarettes in Yemeni detention centers controlled by the UAE armed forces.{{cite web |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2018/11/21/97001-20181121FILWWW00158-le-prince-heritier-d-abou-dhabi-vise-par-une-plainte-en-france.php |title=Le prince héritier d'Abou Dhabi visé par une plainte en France |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=Le Figaro |date=21 November 2018 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407075509/https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2018/11/21/97001-20181121FILWWW00158-le-prince-heritier-d-abou-dhabi-vise-par-une-plainte-en-france.php |url-status=live }} A report by United Nations experts highlighted that the attacks of the Saudi-led coalition, of which the UAE is a member, may have constituted war crimes, and that the Emirati forces controlled two centres where torture has been carried out.{{cite web |title=UAE crown prince sued over alleged involvement in Yemen war |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/21/uae-crown-prince-sued-over-alleged-involvement-in-yemen-war |access-date=1 November 2021 |website=Aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407075511/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/21/uae-crown-prince-sued-over-alleged-involvement-in-yemen-war |url-status=live }}
Following the 2018 French probe into the torture claims, France's top criminal court, the Court of Cassation, rejected in November 2022 attempts to reopen the investigation and rule that there were "no grounds to accept an appeal."{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=Top French court closes torture case against UAE leader |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1318275/top-french-court-closes-torture-case-against-uae-leader.html |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=L'Orient Today}} In October 2021, Mohamed's name was featured alongside four other Emirati officials in an indictment of Thomas J. Barrack, former adviser of Donald Trump. In July 2021, Barrack was arrested by the American authorities for allegedly failing to register as a foreign lobbyist for the UAE, obstructing justice and lying to investigators.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/thomas-barrack-trump-indicted.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/thomas-barrack-trump-indicted.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited|title=Thomas Barrack, Trump Fund-Raiser, Is Indicted on Lobbying Charge |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=The New York Times |date=20 July 2021 |last1=Lafraniere |first1=Sharon}}{{cbignore}} Later, his seven-count indictment identified names of three Emirati royals, who were hosts at Barrack's reception in December 2016. It included Mohamed bin Zayed, Tahnoun bin Zayed and director of the Emirati intelligence service, Ali Mohammed Hammad Al Shamsi. Two other UAE officials named in the indictment were Abdullah Khalifa Al Ghafli and Yousef Al Otaiba. Together, the officials were accused of giving Barrack the task to push the Emirati interests with the US.{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-28/uae-royals-said-to-direct-tom-barrack-s-influence-campaign?sref=nAHOTXiV |title=UAE Royals Said to Direct Tom Barrack's Influence Campaign |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=Bloomberg |date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407075509/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-28/uae-royals-said-to-direct-tom-barrack-s-influence-campaign?sref=nAHOTXiV |url-status=live }} In 2022, Barrack was found not guilty on all charges.{{cite news |last1=Hays |first1=Tom |title=Trump ally Tom Barrack acquitted of foreign agent charges |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2022-11-04/trump-ally-tom-barrack-acquitted-of-foreign-agent-charges |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press |date=November 4, 2022 |language=en |access-date=7 November 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107153831/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2022-11-04/trump-ally-tom-barrack-acquitted-of-foreign-agent-charges |url-status=live }}
On 17 July 2022, Mohamed visited France to meet President Emmanuel Macron. It was his first foreign travel since becoming the UAE president.{{cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/07/17/mohammed-bin-zayed-a-prodigal-and-controversial-ally-for-paris_5990401_4.html |title=UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed arrives in Paris for controversial visit |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=Le Monde |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/07/17/mohammed-bin-zayed-a-prodigal-and-controversial-ally-for-paris_5990401_4.html |url-status=live }} However, a group of human rights organizations, including International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), the Gulf Center for Human Rights (GCHR) and the Ligue des droits de l'Homme, wrote an open letter to President Macron, highlighting the human rights situation in the UAE. Drawing attention to the repressive dictatorship practiced in the Emirates, they urged Macron to raise the issue of severe human rights violations in the UAE with Mohamed during the meeting. The letter also asked Macron to end the arms supply to the UAE, in wake of the Yemen war.{{cite web |url=https://www.fidh.org/en/region/europe-central-asia/france/france-macron-united-arab-emirates-ben-zayed-visit |title=Visit to France by the President of the United Arab Emirates: Open letter to Emmanuel Macron |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=International Federation for Human Rights |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.fidh.org/en/region/europe-central-asia/france/france-macron-united-arab-emirates-ben-zayed-visit |url-status=live }}
In 2023, The New Yorker reported that Mohamed was paying millions of euros to a Swiss-based private investigation firm, Alp Services, for orchestrating a smear campaign against its targets, including Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood. As part of this campaign, Alp posted false and defamatory Wikipedia entries and published propaganda articles against the targets. Multiple meetings took place between the Alp Services head, Mario Brero, and an Emirati official, Matar Humaid Al Neyadi. However, Alp's bills were sent directly to MbZ. The defamation campaign also targeted an American, Hazim Nada, and his firm Lord Energy,{{Cite news |date=2024-01-24 |title=Oil Trader Sues UAE Claiming Smear Campaign Bankrupted His Firm |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-24/oil-trader-sues-uae-claiming-smear-campaign-bankrupted-his-firm |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=Bloomberg |language=en}} who is the son of the Muslim Brotherhood's long-time financier Youssef Nada and founder of Al Taqwa Bank which was formerly placed on the UN terror list by the US Treasury Department for allegedly financing Al-Qaeda. Nada had approached a former security official close to MbZ, Abdul Rehman al-Blouki, in hope of a financial settlement. However, Blouki warned him to not threaten the Emirates. The information was acquired through confidential documents obtained through a hack into Alp Services. An investigation, termed Abu Dhabi Secrets, was run into the documents. It further revealed that Mario Brero provided the UAE with a list of over 1,000 individuals and 400 organizations in Europe, including over 200 individuals and 120 organizations in France, who were falsely linked to radical Islam.{{Cite news |last1=Fayol |first1=Clément |last2=Philippin |first2=Yann |last3=Rouget |first3=Antton |last4=Harari |first4=Antoine |date=2023-07-07 |title=Plus de 200 Français ont été fichés pour le compte des services secrets des Émirats arabes unis |language=fr |work=Mediapart |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/070723/plus-de-200-francais-ont-ete-fiches-pour-le-compte-des-services-secrets-des-emirats-arabes-unis|access-date=2023-07-16}}{{Cite web |date=2024-01-24 |title=UAE sued in $2.8bn US lawsuit over 'dark PR' disinformation op |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240124-uae-sued-in-2-8bn-us-lawsuit-over-dark-pr-disinformation-op |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=France 24 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last= |title=UAE sued in $2.8bn US lawsuit over 'dark PR' disinformation op - ETEnergyWorld MEA |url=https://energymea.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-gas/uae-sued-in-2-8bn-us-lawsuit-over-dark-pr-disinformation-op/107137866 |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=ETEnergyworld.com |language=en}} A lawsuit against George Washington University, its Program on Extremism and Lorenzo Vidino revealed their involvement in rumors about an Austria-based academic researcher, Farid Hafez. He was targeted by the “Operation Luxor”, which included raids and asset seizures. The suit, which was a part of the New Yorker investigation, stated that Vidino acknowledged the UAE financed the operation through Alp Services.{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Murtaza |date=April 20, 2024 |title=Lawsuit Links Wild UAE-Financed Smear Campaign to George Washington University |url=https://theintercept.com/2024/04/20/farid-hafez-muslim-lorenzo-vidino-gwu-uae/ |website=The Intercept |access-date=April 29, 2024 |archive-date=April 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422235316/https://theintercept.com/2024/04/20/farid-hafez-muslim-lorenzo-vidino-gwu-uae/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Schaffer |first=Michael |date=April 5, 2024 |title=An Autocratic US Ally Is Accused of Smearing an American. His Lawsuit Could Air a Lot of Dirty Laundry |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/04/05/uae-dc-federal-lawsuits-00150649 |website=Politico |access-date=April 29, 2024 |archive-date=April 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412133835/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/04/05/uae-dc-federal-lawsuits-00150649 |url-status=live }}
A report by The Athletic referred to the 2020 unpublished judgement of the UEFA’s Club Financial Control Board (CFCB) as it disclosed that Mohamed bin Zayed’s former key senior aide, Jaber Mohamed, facilitated sponsorship payments to the Emirati-owned Manchester City F.C. The payments made through Etisalat were disguised as equity funding and were under the Premier League’s investigation over breach of UEFA’s financial rules. Between 2005-2022, Jaber Mohamed served as the General Director of the Abu Dhabi Crown Prince's Court (CPC), which takes care of MbZ’s public affairs. Another senior most aide to Sheikh Mohamed at the CPC, Mohamed Al Mazrouei, was also on Man City’s board during the club’s FFP violations. Citing the involvement of CPC, experts questioned whether MbZ was aware of the sponsorship payments and to what extent.{{cite news|title=Senior aide of Abu Dhabi Crown Prince was mystery £30m broker in investigated Manchester City sponsorship deal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6235957/2025/03/27/manchester-city-premier-league-sponsorship-jaber-mohamed/ |newspaper=The New York Times |date=27 March 2025}}
Philanthropy
File:President Donald Trump meet with His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, in the Oval Office of the White House, Monday, May 15, 2017 (02).jpg in Washington, D.C., May 2017]]
Mohamed has gifted AED 55 million to the UN Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking,{{cite web |title=HH General Al-Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan |url=https://www.themuslim500.com/profiles/hh-general-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan/ |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=The Muslim 500 |date=27 May 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403124406/https://www.themuslim500.com/profiles/hh-general-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan/ |url-status=live }} committed to raise US$100 million for the Reaching the Last Mile Fund,{{cite web |date=16 November 2017 |title=Gates Foundation, UAE Launch $100M Reaching The Last Mile Fund To Eradicate River Blindness, Lymphatic Filariasis |url=https://www.kff.org/news-summary/gates-foundation-uae-launch-100m-reaching-the-last-mile-fund-to-eradicate-river-blindness-lymphatic-filariasis/ |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation |language=en-us |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130010516/https://www.kff.org/news-summary/gates-foundation-uae-launch-100m-reaching-the-last-mile-fund-to-eradicate-river-blindness-lymphatic-filariasis/ |url-status=live }} pledged US$50 million for children vaccine efforts in Afghanistan and Pakistan,{{cite web |date=27 January 2011 |title=Gates Foundation, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Pledge $100 Million for Disease Prevention |url=http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id=324000009 |access-date=22 February 2012 |publisher=Philanthropy News Digest |archive-date=5 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105165422/http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id=324000009 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and the Foundation Partner to Immunize Children |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2011/01/His-Highness-Sheikh-Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Al-Nahyan-and-the-Foundation-Partner-to-Immunize-Children |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en |archive-date=4 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204065750/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2011/01/His-Highness-Sheikh-Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Al-Nahyan-and-the-Foundation-Partner-to-Immunize-Children |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Candid |title=Gates Foundation, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan Pledge $100 Million for Disease Prevention |url=http://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/gates-foundation-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pledge-100-million-for-disease-prevention |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=Philanthropy News Digest (PND) |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417200321/https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/gates-foundation-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pledge-100-million-for-disease-prevention |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=UAE delivers 371 million polio vaccines to Pakistani children - Pakistan |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/uae-delivers-371-million-polio-vaccines-pakistani-children |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=ReliefWeb |date=6 January 2019 |language=en |archive-date=29 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429113455/https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/uae-delivers-371-million-polio-vaccines-pakistani-children |url-status=live }} and contributed US$30 million to the Roll Back Malaria Partnership.{{cite web |date=17 February 2018 |title=محمد بن زايد.. فارس الإنسانية |url=https://al-ain.com/article/mohammed-bin-zayed-knight-of-humanity |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=العين الإخبارية |language=ar |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705050704/https://al-ain.com/article/mohammed-bin-zayed-knight-of-humanity |url-status=live }}{{cite web |date=24 April 2019 |title=30 مليون دولار تبرع من محمد بن زايد.. الإمارات تساهم بدحر الملاريا عالمياً |url=https://www.alittihad.ae/article/25443/2019/ |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=www.alittihad.ae |language=ar |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219201901/https://www.alittihad.ae/article/25443/2019/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Crown Prince brings a multi-million dollar boost in the fight against malaria |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/crown-prince-brings-a-multi-million-dollar-boost-in-the-fight-against-malaria-1.629419 |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=The National |date=17 September 2017 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217210822/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/crown-prince-brings-a-multi-million-dollar-boost-in-the-fight-against-malaria-1.629419 |url-status=live }} The University of Texas chair for scientific and medical knowledge in cancer research is named after Mohamed as a result of a funding grant to MD Anderson Cancer Center.{{cite web |date=19 January 2011 |title=Khalifa Foundation Grants MD Anderson $150 Million for Cancer Research |url=https://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/khalifa-foundation-grants-md-anderson--150-million-for-cancer-re.h00-158668689.html |website=MD Anderson |access-date=4 July 2019 |archive-date=29 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129124710/https://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/2011/01/khalifa-foundation-grants-md-anderson--150-million-for-cancer-re.html |url-status=live }} He organizes the Zayed Charity Marathon in New York City since its inauguration in 2005. The race raises awareness about kidney disease, and the proceeds go to the US's National Kidney Foundation.{{cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=200 مليون دولار تبرعات ماراثون زايد في نيويورك |url=https://www.alittihad.ae/article/25624/2019/ |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=www.alittihad.ae |language=ar |archive-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318195757/https://www.alittihad.ae/article/25624/2019/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Thousands turn out for New York's Zayed Charity Marathon |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/thousands-turn-out-for-new-york-s-zayed-charity-marathon-1.854819 |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=The National |date=29 April 2019 |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512233220/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/thousands-turn-out-for-new-york-s-zayed-charity-marathon-1.854819 |url-status=live }}
Mohamed bin Zayed has been involved in setting up art museums, such as Louvre Abu Dhabi in 2017 and the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi in 2012, as well as cultural heritage sites such as Qasr Al Hosn.{{cite web |title=Zayed National Museum and Guggenheim 'still active' as Abu Dhabi unveils Dh500m promotional campaign |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/zayed-national-museum-and-guggenheim-still-active-as-abu-dhabi-unveils-dh500m-promotional-campaign-1.836189 |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=The National |date=13 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705050703/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/zayed-national-museum-and-guggenheim-still-active-as-abu-dhabi-unveils-dh500m-promotional-campaign-1.836189 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed reopens Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-reopens-qasr-al-hosn-in-abu-dhabi-1.799676 |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=The National |date=6 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705050708/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-reopens-qasr-al-hosn-in-abu-dhabi-1.799676 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |date=6 May 2019 |title=Gehry's Guggenheim Abu Dhabi Set to Begin Construction |url=https://www.archdaily.com/916177/gehrys-guggenheim-abu-dhabi-set-to-begin-construction |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US |archive-date=1 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701170345/https://www.archdaily.com/916177/gehrys-guggenheim-abu-dhabi-set-to-begin-construction |url-status=live }}{{cite web |date=19 April 2019 |title=The latest on Guggenheim Abu Dhabi: An interview with Richard Armstrong |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/04/19/the-latest-on-guggenheim-abu-dhabi-an-interview-with-richard-armstrong |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=www.euronews.com |archive-date=30 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630030230/https://www.euronews.com/2019/04/19/the-latest-on-guggenheim-abu-dhabi-an-interview-with-richard-armstrong |url-status=live }}
Mohamed has been involved in efforts to protect wild falcons, bustards, and the Arabian oryx. He donated US$1 million to an initiative aimed at preventing the power line-related deaths of wild birds, as part of launching of the 20-million-dollar Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Raptor Conservation Foundation.{{cite web |title=Abu Dhabi crown prince launches $20m birds of prey foundation |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/culture-society/395269-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-launches-20m-birds-of-prey-foundation |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=Arabian Business |date=26 April 2018 |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501144107/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/culture-society/395269-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-launches-20m-birds-of-prey-foundation |url-status=live }} He heads the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund.{{cite web |title=The Donor {{!}} The Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund |url=https://www.speciesconservation.org/about-us/mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=www.speciesconservation.org |archive-date=27 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627092301/https://www.speciesconservation.org/about-us/mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan |url-status=live }}{{cite web |date=18 November 2008 |title=Abu Dhabi Announces New Fund for Species Conservation |url=https://www.iucn.org/content/abu-dhabi-announces-new-fund-species-conservation |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=IUCN |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217044933/https://www.iucn.org/content/abu-dhabi-announces-new-fund-species-conservation |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |last= |date=27 April 2018 |title=Mohamed bin Zayed donates $1m for bird project |url=https://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/mohamed-bin-zayed-donates-1m-for-bird-project-2018-04-27-1.668656 |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=Emirates 24/7 |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427124445/https://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/mohamed-bin-zayed-donates-1m-for-bird-project-2018-04-27-1.668656 |url-status=live }}
A species of woodlizard — Enyalioides binzayedi — was named after Mohamed as the creator of the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund that provided financial support to the expeditions leading to the discovery of the species in the Cordillera Azul National Park in Peru.{{cite journal |last1=Venegas |first1=P. |last2=Torres-Carvajal |first2=O. |last3=Duran |first3=V. |last4=De Queiroz |first4=K. |year=2013 |title=Two sympatric new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from Cordillera Azul National Park in northeastern Peru |journal=ZooKeys |issue=277 |pages=69–90 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.277.3594 |pmc=3677373 |pmid=23794824 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2013ZooK..277...69V }}{{cite web |title=Cute or scary? Colorful woodlizard species discovered in Peru |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/cosmic-log/cute-or-scary-colorful-woodlizard-species-discovered-peru-flna1C8985538 |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=NBC News |date=21 March 2013 |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707091247/https://www.nbcnews.com/science/cosmic-log/cute-or-scary-colorful-woodlizard-species-discovered-peru-flna1C8985538 |url-status=live }} In 2017, Acer binzayedii, a rare species of maple tree found in the mountainous cloud forest of Jalisco in Western Mexico, was named after him.{{Cite journal |last1=Vargas-Rodriguez |first1=Yalma L. |last2=Urbatsch |first2=Lowell E. |last3=Karaman-Castro |first3=Vesna |last4=Figueroa-Rangel |first4=Blanca L. |date=1 June 2017 |title=Acer binzayedii (Sapindaceae), a new maple species from Mexico |journal=Brittonia |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=246–252 |doi=10.1007/s12228-017-9465-5 |bibcode=2017Britt..69..246V |issn=0007-196X |s2cid=26618081}}
Personal life
Mohamed is married to Sheikha Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan.{{cite web |title=Shaikha Fatima receives female diplomats |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Shaikha+Fatima+receives+female+diplomats.-a0263957748 |access-date=16 April 2013 |newspaper=Khaleej Times |date=10 August 2011 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043636/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Shaikha+Fatima+receives+female+diplomats.-a0263957748 |url-status=live }} They married in 1980.{{cite web |last=Barlow |first=Tom |title=The Most Extravagant Weddings |url=https://www.forbes.com/2011/04/06/kate-middleton-prince-william-royal-weddings.html |access-date=18 April 2013 |newspaper=Forbes |date=6 April 2011 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416085847/http://www.forbes.com/2011/04/06/kate-middleton-prince-william-royal-weddings.html |url-status=live }} They have nine children together, four sons and five daughters. They have two adopted daughters, and together they have 22 grandchildren.
- Sheikha Mariam bint Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. She is married to Sheikh Mohammed bin Tahnoun Al Nahyan. The couple has two sons:
- Tahnoun bin Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 28 February 2011)
- Zayed bin Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 14 May 2014)
- Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan (born on 8 January 1982). He is married to Sheikha Fatima bint Suroor Al Nahyan since 2008 and they have four children:
- Shamma bint Khaled Al Nahyan (born 10 October 2011)
- Mohammed bin Khaled Al Nahyan (born 20 December 2013)
- Salama bint Khaled Al Nahyan (born 20 December 2013)
- Zayed bin Khaled Al Nahyan (born 11 March 2025)
- Sheikha Shamsa bint Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (born on 18 June 1984). She is married to Sheikh Mohammed bin Hamad Al Nahyan. They have six children:
- Hessa bint Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 22 May 2003). She is married to Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan bin Tahnoun Al Nahyan.{{Cite web |title=Mabrook! Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed's Granddaughter Sheikha Hessa Weds Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan |url=https://graziamagazine.com/me/articles/abu-dhabi-royal-wedding/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=Grazia Middle East |language=en-US}}
- Zayed bin Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 29 December 2005)
- Salama bint Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 11 July 2007)
- Fatima bint Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 1 November 2010)
- Mohammed bin Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 24 July 2024)
- Tahnoun bin Mohammed Al Nahyan (born 24 July 2024)
- Sheikh Theyab bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. He is married to Sheikha Latifa bint Hamdan Al Nahyan. They have three children:
- Fatima bint Theyab Al Nahyan (born 4 June 2014)
- Salama bint Theyab Al Nahyan (born 7 February 2016)
- Zayed bin Theyab Al Nahyan (born 7 May 2019)
- Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan was born in 1988.{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DC4tpTrzQJD/?igsh=MXYxcXR6MWd2NHRnMA== | title=Instagram }} He married Sheikha Fakhra bint Khalifa Al Nahyan in 2021. They have two sons:
- Mohammed bin Hamdan Al Nahyan (born 15 August 2022)
- Khalifa bin Hamdan Al Nahyan (born 28 February 2024)
- Sheikha Fatima bint Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan was born in 1989. She is married to Sheikh Nahyan bin Saif Al Nahyan. They have four children:
- Mohammed bin Nahyan Al Nahyan (born 20 November 2012)
- Saif bin Nahyan Al Nahyan (born 15 June 2014)
- Zayed bin Nahyan Al Nahyan (born 3 December 2018)
- Mariam bint Nahyan Al Nahyan (born 16 August 2023)
- Sheikha Shamma bint Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan was born in 1992. She is married to Sheikh Zayed bin Hamdan Al Nahyan. The couple has one son:
- Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan (born 17 May 2023)
- Sheikh Zayed bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan was born on October 24, 1995. Graduated from Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in December 2020.
- Sheikha Hessa bint Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- Amina - adopted daughter
- Salha - adopted daughter
A lifelong fan of falconry, Mohamed established the Mohamed bin Zayed Falconry and Desert Physiognomy School with the goal of promoting and sustaining the ancient tradition by teaching it to new generations of Emiratis. He himself learned the practice from his father.{{cite web |title=H.H.'s Biography |url=https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/PersonalInterests.aspx |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=www.cpc.gov.ae |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419040534/https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/PersonalInterests.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Mohamed Bin Zayed |url=http://www.mbzfalconryschool.com/en/home |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=www.mbzfalconryschool.com |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705054327/http://www.mbzfalconryschool.com/en/home |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=UAE opens world's first school to teach Arab falconry traditions |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/uae-opens-world-s-first-school-teach-arab-falconry-traditions-657124.html |access-date=8 July 2019 |website=Arabian Business |date=24 December 2016 |archive-date=28 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228150359/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/uae-opens-world-s-first-school-teach-arab-falconry-traditions-657124.html |url-status=live }}
Succession
Mohamed, in his capacity as ruler of Abu Dhabi, has issued an Emiri decree appointing his son Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan as the crown prince.{{Cite news |title=What's next for the UAE as Mohamed bin Zayed takes the reins? |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/14/whats-next-for-the-uae-after-sheikh-sheikh-mohamed-bas-passing |first=Giorgio |last=Cafiero |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530061603/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/5/14/whats-next-for-the-uae-after-sheikh-sheikh-mohamed-bas-passing |url-status=live }}
Honours
{{Infobox royal styles
|royal name= Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|image =
|dipstyle = His Highness
|offstyle = Your Highness
|altstyle = Ra'is (President)
}}
- {{flag|United States}}: Legion of Merit (1991){{cite web |title=1.04 Legion of Merit |url=https://www.uae-us.meridian.org/104-legion-of-merit |website=UAE-U.S.: 50 Years in Partnership |access-date=4 March 2024}}
- {{flag|Brazil}}: Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross (12 November 2021){{Cite news |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/11/12/bolsonaro-condecora-lideres-do-oriente-medio-antes-de-viagem.htm |title=Bolsonaro condecora líderes do Oriente Médio antes de viagem à região |work=noticias.uol.com.br |access-date=12 November 2021 |language=pt |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117223754/https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/11/12/bolsonaro-condecora-lideres-do-oriente-medio-antes-de-viagem.htm |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Kuwait}}:
- First Class of the Kuwait Liberation Medal (September 1994){{cite news |title=الشيخ محمد بن زايد آل نهيان.. مسيرة حافلة بالإنجازات والمبادرات |url=https://alwatan.kuwait.tt/articledetails.aspx?id=685091&yearquarter=20222 |access-date=5 March 2024 |work=alwatan.kuwait.tt |date=15 May 2022|language=ar}}
- Special Class of the Order of Kuwait (June 1995)
- {{flag|France}}:
- Grand Cross of the National Order of Legion of Honour (18 July 2022){{Cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/07/19/honneurs-et-discretion-pour-la-visite-de-mbz_6135332_3210.html |title=Honneurs et discrétion pour la visite de Mohammed Ben Zayed Al Nahyane, président des Emirats arabes unis |date=2022-07-19 |work=Le Monde |access-date=2022-10-12 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722025404/https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/07/19/honneurs-et-discretion-pour-la-visite-de-mbz_6135332_3210.html |url-status=live }}
- Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (15 February 2013){{cite web |title=Awards & Honors Received by HH Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (MBZ) |url=https://cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/AwardsandHonours.aspx |website=Crown Prince Court Emirate of Abu Dhabi |access-date=16 May 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330032142/https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/AwardsandHonours.aspx |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Germany}}: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (29 October 2008){{Cite news |url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395228219658 |title=Mohammed bin Zayed awarded German Order of Merit |date=29 October 2008 |work=Emirates News Agency |access-date=16 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516150259/http://wam.ae/en/details/1395228219658 |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Kosovo}}: Medal of the Order of Independence (21 April 2014){{Cite news |url=https://www.emirates247.com/news/government/kosovo-s-highest-order-for-mohamed-2014-04-21-1.546462 |title=Kosovo's highest order for Mohamed |date=21 April 2014 |work=Emirates 24/7 |access-date=16 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516150257/https://www.emirates247.com/news/government/kosovo-s-highest-order-for-mohamed-2014-04-21-1.546462 |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Malaysia}}:
- Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (17 June 2011){{Cite news |url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395228966366 |title=Malaysia's King confers Grand Commander Order on Sheikh Mohammed |date=18 June 2011 |work=Emirates News Agency |access-date=16 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516150257/http://wam.ae/en/details/1395228966366 |url-status=live }}
- Member of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (30 November 2023)[https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2249483 Bernama]
- Pahang: Member 1st Class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (30 November 2023)
- {{flag|South Korea}}: Grand Order of Mugunghwa (21 November 2012){{cite news |last1=SUN |first1=CHANG JAE |title=(LEAD) S. Korea seeking to sign contract to take part in massive UAE oil development project |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20121121007351315 |access-date=4 March 2024 |work=Yonhap News Agency |date=21 November 2012 |language=en}}
- {{flag|Montenegro}}: Grand Cross of the Order of the Montenegrin Grand Star (12 December 2013)
- {{flag|Morocco}}:
- Order of Military Merit (April 1994){{cite web |title=H.H.'s Biography |url=https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/AwardsandHonours.aspx |date=10 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210135843/https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thecrownprince/HHsBiography/Pages/AwardsandHonours.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2014 }}
- Collar of the Order of Muhammad (17 March 2015){{Cite news |url=https://wam.ae/en/details/1395278089534 |title=Mohamed bin Zayed, King Mohammed VI of Morocco attend signing of agreements and MoUs |date=18 March 2015 |work=Emirates News Agency |access-date=14 October 2021 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407075511/https://wam.ae/en/details/1395278089534 |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Serbia}}: Grand Cross of the Order of the Republic of Serbia (2017){{cite web |title=Ukazi o odlikovanjima |url=https://www.predsednik.rs/lat/predsednik/ukazi-o-odlikovanjima |website=Predsednik Republike Srbije |access-date=4 March 2024}}
- {{flag|Jordan}}:
- Supreme Order of the Renaissance (June 1996)
- Collar of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali (21 November 2018){{cite news |title=Jordan King Meets Abu Dhabi Crown Prince in Amman {{!}} Al Bawaba |url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/jordan-king-meets-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-amman-1216164 |access-date=4 March 2024 |work=www.albawaba.com |language=en}}
- {{Flag|Oman}}: Collar of the Order of Al-Said (27 September 2022){{Cite news |url=https://wam.ae/en/details/1395303087494 |title=UAE President, the Sultan of Oman exchange medals and gifts |date=2022-09-27 |work=Emirates News Agency |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928090944/https://wam.ae/en/details/1395303087494 |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Spain}}: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (23 May 2008){{Cite news |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2008/05/27/pdfs/A24763-24763.pdf |title=REAL DECRETO 892/200 |date=27 May 2008 |work=Boletín Oficial del Estado |access-date=1 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801115802/https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2008/05/27/pdfs/A24763-24763.pdf |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Palestine}}: Order of the Star of Jerusalem (October 2008)
- {{flag|United Kingdom}}: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (25 November 2010){{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/512855/2010_Honorary_Awards.pdf |title=Honorary awards |year=2010 |website=gov.uk |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518035952/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/512855/2010_Honorary_Awards.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.emirates247.com/news/government/president-khalifa-confers-order-of-zayed-on-queen-2010-11-25-1.321318 |title=President Khalifa confers Order of Zayed on Queen |date=2010-11-25 |work=Emirates 24/7 |access-date=2022-09-30 |language=en |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930083545/https://www.emirates247.com/news/government/president-khalifa-confers-order-of-zayed-on-queen-2010-11-25-1.321318 |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Italy}}: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (23 February 2025){{Cite web|url=https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/128599#&gid=1&pid=11/|title=Visita di Stato di S.A. lo Sceicco Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Presidente degli Emirati Arabi Uniti}}
= Place named after him =
- {{flag|Indonesia}}: In April 2021, the Jakarta–Cikampek Elevated Toll Road in Indonesia was renamed as Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Skyway (Jalan Layang Mohamed bin Zayed), at the behest of the Indonesian President's secretary.{{cite news |url=https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2021/04/10/150000921/penamaan-jalan-tol-layang-japek-jadi-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-jasa |title=Penamaan Jalan Tol Layang Japek Jadi Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed, Jasa Marga: Permintaan Setpres |newspaper=Kompas |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410083013/https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2021/04/10/150000921/penamaan-jalan-tol-layang-japek-jadi-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-jasa |url-status=live }}
Ancestry
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|2= 2. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
|3= 3. Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi
|4= 4. Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|5= 5. Sheikha Salma bint Butti Al Qubaisi
|6= 6. Sheikh Mubarak Al Ketbi
|8= 8. Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan
|10= 10. Sheikh Butti Al Qubaisi
}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan}}
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{{s-hou|House of Al Nahyan|11 March|1961}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Ruler of Abu Dhabi|years=13 May 2022 – present}}
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{{s-bef|before=Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the United Arab Emirates|years=14 May 2022 – present}}
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{{Presidents of the United Arab Emirates}}
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