Mount Merbabu

{{Short description|Stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia}}

{{Infobox mountain

| name = Mount Merbabu

| photo = Gunung_Merbabu_2.jpg

| photo_caption = Mt Merbabu viewed from Mount Merapi

| elevation_m = 3145

| elevation_ref = [http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/indonesia.html "Mountains of the Indonesian Archipelago"] Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2012-06-23.

| prominence_m = 2432

| prominence_ref =

| listing = Ultra
Ribu

| translation = Mountain of ash

| language = Indonesian

| map = Indonesia Java#Indonesia

| map_caption =

| map_size =

| label_position = bottom

| location = Java, Indonesia

| coordinates = {{coord|07|27|18|S|110|26|24|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| range = Sunda Arc

| coordinates_ref =

| topo =

| type = Dormant stratovolcano

| age = 700.000 Years

| last_eruption = 1797

| first_ascent =

| easiest_route = Hike starting near Kopeng

}}

Mount Merbabu ({{langx|id|Gunung Merbabu}}) is a dormant stratovolcano in Central Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. The name Merbabu could be loosely translated as 'Mountain of Ash' from the Javanese combined words; Meru means "mountain" and awu or abu means "ash".

The active volcano Mount Merapi is directly adjacent on its southeast side, while the city of Salatiga is located on its northern foothills. A 1,500m high broad saddle lies between Merbabu and Merapi,{{cite gvp|name=Merbabu: General Information|vn=263240|access-date=2021-06-24}} the site of the village of Selo, Java, and highly fertile{{Cite journal|last1=Troll|first1=Valentin R.|last2=Deegan|first2=Frances M.|last3=Jolis|first3=Ester M.|last4=Budd|first4=David A.|last5=Dahren|first5=Börje|last6=Schwarzkopf|first6=Lothar M.|date=2015-03-01|title=Ancient oral tradition describes volcano–earthquake interaction at merapi volcano, indonesia|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12099|journal=Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography|volume=97|issue=1|pages=137–166|doi=10.1111/geoa.12099|bibcode=2015GeAnA..97..137T |s2cid=129186824 |issn=0435-3676|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=T|date=2007|title=Impacts of the 2006 eruption of Merapi volcano, Indonesia, on agriculture and infrastructure|url=https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/760/Impacts%20of%20the%202006%20eruption%20of%20Merapi%20volcano.pdf;sequence=2|journal=GNS Science Report|volume=07|pages=69p}} farming land.

There are two peaks; Syarif (3,119 m) and Kenteng Songo (3,145 m). Three U-shaped radial valleys extend from the Kenteng Songo summit in northwesterly, northeasterly, and southeasterly directions.

File:Sabana merbabu Indonesia.jpg

Two known moderate eruptions occurred in 1560 and 1797. The 1797 event was rated 2: Explosive, on the volcanic explosivity index.{{cite gvp|name=Merbabu: Eruptive History|vtab=Eruptions|vn=263240|access-date=2021-06-24}} An unconfirmed eruption may have occurred in 1570.Simkin, T., and Siebert, L., 1994, Volcanoes of the World: Geoscience Press, Tucson, Arizona, 349 p.

Geologically recent eruptions originated from a North Northwest-South Southeast fissure system that cut across the summit and fed the large-volume lava flows from Kopeng and Kajor craters on the northern and southern flanks, respectively.

Merbabu can be climbed from several routes originating from the town of Kopeng on the northeast side, and also from Selo on the southern side. A climb from Kopeng to Kenteng Songo takes between 8 and 10 hours.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}

An area of {{convert|57|km²}} at the mountain has been declared a national park in 2004.[http://www.natureindonesia.org/ Lestari Hutan Indonesia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420085038/http://www.natureindonesia.org/ |date=2010-04-20 }}. Retrieved 26 February 2010.

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